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Thornton R, Hutchinson E, Edkins A. PCR based method for sex estimation from bone samples of unidentified South African fetal remains. Forensic Science International: Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Zener R, Yoon H, Ziv E, Covey A, Brown K, Sofocleous C, Thornton R, Boas F. 3:00 PM Abstract No. 322 Outcomes after transarterial embolization versus radioembolization of neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Xu X, Lin H, Gao Y, Caracappa P, Wang Y, Huo W, Pi Y, Feng M, Chen Z, Dauer L, Thornton R, Dauer Z, Alvarado K, St. Germain J, Solomon S. TU-D-209-07: Monte Carlo Assessment of Dose to the Lens of the Eye of Radiologist Using Realistic Phantoms and Eyeglass Models. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Shankweiler D, Crain S, Katz L, Fowler A, Liberman A, Brady S, Thornton R, Lundquist E, Dreyer L, Fletcher J, Stuebing K, Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B. Cognitive Profiles of Reading-Disabled Children: Comparison of Language Skills in Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax. Psychol Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive cognitive appraisal of elementary school children with learning disabilities showed that within the language sphere, deficits associated with reading disability are selective Phonological deficits consistently accompany reading problems whether they occur in relatively pure form or in the presence of coexisting attention deficit or arithmetic disability Although reading-disabled children were also deficient in production of morphologically related forms, this difficulty stemmed in large part from the same weakness in the phonological component that underlies reading disability In contrast, tests of syntactic knowledge did not distinguish reading-disabled children from those with other cognitive disabilities, nor from normal children after covarying for intelligence
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Crain
- Haskins Laboratories
- University of Connecticut
| | - L. Katz
- Haskins Laboratories
- University of Connecticut
| | | | | | - S.A. Brady
- Haskins Laboratories
- University of Rhode Island
| | - R. Thornton
- Haskins Laboratories
- University of Connecticut
| | | | - L. Dreyer
- Haskins Laboratories
- Southern Connecticut State University
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Yarmohammadi H, Flood L, Erinjeri J, Ziv E, Boas F, Mohabir H, Brody L, Gonzalez Aguirre A, Thornton R, Durack J, Getrajdman G, Solomon S, Maybody M. Comparison of radiation dose, procedure time and diagnostic yield of conventional CT-guided lung biopsy with CT fluoroscopy-guided lung biopsy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Alago W, Siegelbaum R, Thornton R, Sirintrapun S, Morel-Ovalle L, Petre E, Rudomina D, Feratovic R, Lin O, Solomon S, Erinjeri J, Alago W. The role of telecytology in expanding image-guided biopsy services to a regional outpatient interventional oncology center. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Brody L, Erinjeri J, Thornton R, Solomon S. Interventional radiology clinic visit prior to outpatient Mediport placement improves patient satisfaction. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Zdenkowski N, Forbes JF, Boyle FM, Kannourakis G, Gill PG, Bayliss E, Saunders C, Della-Fiorentina S, Kling N, Campbell I, Mann GB, Coates AS, Gebski V, Davies L, Thornton R, Reaby L, Cuzick J, Green M. Observation versus late reintroduction of letrozole as adjuvant endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (ANZ0501 LATER): an open-label randomised, controlled trial. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:806-12. [PMID: 26861603 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the effectiveness of adjuvant endocrine therapy in preventing breast cancer recurrence, breast cancer events continue at a high rate for at least 10 years after completion of therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This randomised open label phase III trial recruited postmenopausal women from 29 Australian and New Zealand sites, with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer, who had completed ≥4 years of endocrine therapy [aromatase inhibitor (AI), tamoxifen, ovarian suppression, or sequential combination] ≥1 year prior, to oral letrozole 2.5 mg daily for 5 years, or observation. Treatment allocation was by central computerised randomisation, stratified by institution, axillary node status and prior endocrine therapy. The primary outcome was invasive breast cancer events (new invasive primary, local, regional or distant recurrence, or contralateral breast cancer), analysed by intention to treat. The secondary outcomes were disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival, and safety. RESULTS Between 16 May 2007 and 14 March 2012, 181 patients were randomised to letrozole and 179 to observation (median age 64.3 years). Endocrine therapy was completed at a median of 2.6 years before randomisation, and 47.5% had tumours of >2 cm and/or node positive. At 3.9 years median follow-up (interquartile range 3.1-4.8), 2 patients assigned letrozole (1.1%) and 17 patients assigned observation (9.5%) had experienced an invasive breast cancer event (difference 8.4%, 95% confidence interval 3.8% to 13.0%, log-rank test P = 0.0004). Twenty-four patients (13.4%) in the observation and 14 (7.7%) in the letrozole arm experienced a DFS event (log-rank P = 0.067). Adverse events linked to oestrogen depletion, but not serious adverse events, were more common with letrozole. CONCLUSION These results should be considered exploratory, but lend weight to emerging data supporting longer duration endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, and offer insight into reintroduction of AI therapy. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (www.anzctr.org.au), ACTRN12607000137493.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zdenkowski
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Waratah School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - J F Forbes
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Waratah School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - F M Boyle
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Waratah School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia Patricia Ritchie Centre for Cancer Care and Research, North Sydney
| | | | - P G Gill
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide
| | - E Bayliss
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth
| | - C Saunders
- School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley
| | | | - N Kling
- Department of Surgery, St John of God Hospital, Bunbury, Australia
| | - I Campbell
- Breast Care Centre, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - G B Mann
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville
| | - A S Coates
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Waratah National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - V Gebski
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - L Davies
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - R Thornton
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Waratah
| | - L Reaby
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Waratah
| | - J Cuzick
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Green
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville
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Violari E, Erinjeri J, Sofocleous C, Petre E, Siegelbaum R, Solomon S, Brown K, Covey A, Durack J, Brody L, Alago W, Thornton R, Aguado A. Negative predictive value of "split-dose" technique for FDG PET/CT-guided percutaneous ablation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.12.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Datta R, Munson CD, Niemack MD, McMahon JJ, Britton J, Wollack EJ, Beall J, Devlin MJ, Fowler J, Gallardo P, Hubmayr J, Irwin K, Newburgh L, Nibarger JP, Page L, Quijada MA, Schmitt BL, Staggs ST, Thornton R, Zhang L. Large-aperture wide-bandwidth antireflection-coated silicon lenses for millimeter wavelengths. Appl Opt 2013; 52:8747-8758. [PMID: 24513939 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.008747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing scale of cryogenic detector arrays for submillimeter and millimeter wavelength astrophysics has led to the need for large aperture, high index of refraction, low loss, cryogenic refracting optics. Silicon with n=3.4, low loss, and high thermal conductivity is a nearly optimal material for these purposes but requires an antireflection (AR) coating with broad bandwidth, low loss, low reflectance, and a matched coefficient of thermal expansion. We present an AR coating for curved silicon optics comprised of subwavelength features cut into the lens surface with a custom three-axis silicon dicing saw. These features constitute a metamaterial that behaves as a simple dielectric coating. We have fabricated silicon lenses as large as 33.4 cm in diameter with micromachined layers optimized for use between 125 and 165 GHz. Our design reduces average reflections to a few tenths of a percent for angles of incidence up to 30° with low cross polarization. We describe the design, tolerance, manufacture, and measurements of these coatings and present measurements of the optical properties of silicon at millimeter wavelengths at cryogenic and room temperatures. This coating and lens fabrication approach is applicable from centimeter to submillimeter wavelengths and can be used to fabricate coatings with greater than octave bandwidth.
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Burns S, Thornton R, Dauer LT, Quinn B, Miodownik D, Hak DJ. Leaded eyeglasses substantially reduce radiation exposure of the surgeon's eyes during acquisition of typical fluoroscopic views of the hip and pelvis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013; 95:1307-11. [PMID: 23864179 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.l.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recommendations to do so, few orthopaedists wear leaded glasses when performing operative fluoroscopy. Radiation exposure to the ocular lens causes cataracts, and regulatory limits for maximum annual occupational exposure to the eye continue to be revised downward. METHODS Using anthropomorphic patient and surgeon phantoms, radiation dose at the surgeon phantom's lens was measured with and without leaded glasses during fluoroscopic acquisition of sixteen common pelvic and hip views. The magnitude of lens dose reduction from leaded glasses was calculated by dividing the unprotected dose by the dose measured behind leaded glasses. RESULTS On average, the use of leaded glasses reduced radiation to the surgeon phantom's eye by tenfold, a 90% reduction in dose. However, there was widespread variation in the amount of radiation that reached the phantom surgeon's eye among the various radiographic projections we studied. Without leaded glasses, the dose measured at the surgeon's lens varied more than 250-fold among these sixteen different views. CONCLUSIONS In addition to protecting the surgeon's eye from the deleterious effects of radiation, the use of leaded glasses could permit an orthopaedist to perform fluoroscopic views on up to ten times more patients before reaching the annual dose limit of 20 mSv of radiation to the eye recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Personal safety and adherence to limits of occupational radiation exposure should compel orthopaedists to wear leaded glasses for fluoroscopic procedures if other protective barriers are not in use. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Leaded glasses are a powerful tool for reducing the orthopaedic surgeon's lens exposure to radiation during acquisition of common intraoperative fluoroscopic views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Burns
- Concord Orthopaedics, P.A., 264 Pleasant Street, Concord, NH 03301, USA.
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Maughan-Brown BG, Venkataramani A, Godlonton S, Thornton R. P4.058 Incorrect Inferences About Male Circumcision and Female HIV Infection Risk: Evidence from a Randomised Trial in Malawi. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ryan ER, Sofocleous CT, Schöder H, Carrasquillo JA, Nehmeh S, Larson SM, Thornton R, Siegelbaum RH, Erinjeri JP, Solomon SB. Split-dose technique for FDG PET/CT-guided percutaneous ablation: a method to facilitate lesion targeting and to provide immediate assessment of treatment effectiveness. Radiology 2013; 268:288-95. [PMID: 23564714 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a split-dose technique for fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT)-guided ablation that permits both target localization and evaluation of treatment effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approved the study with a waiver of consent. From July to December 2011, 23 patients (13 women, 10 men; mean age, 59 years; range, 35-87 years) with 29 FDG-avid tumors (median size, 1.4 cm; range, 0.6-4.4 cm) were targeted for ablation. The location of the lesion was the liver (n = 23), lung (n = 4), adrenal gland (n = 1), and thigh (n = 1). Radiofrequency ablation was performed in 17 lesions; microwave ablation, in six; irreversible electroporation, in five; and cryoablation, in one. The pathologic condition of the tumor was metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma in 18 lesions, primary hepatocellular carcinoma in one lesion, and a variety of metastatic tumors in the remaining 10 lesions. A total of 4 mCi (148 MBq) of FDG was administered before the procedure for localization and imaging guidance. At completion of the ablation, an additional 8 mCi (296 MBq) of FDG was administered to assess ablation adequacy. Results of subsequent imaging follow-up were used to determine if postablation imaging after the second dose of FDG reliably helped predict complete tumor ablation. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results. RESULTS Twenty-eight of 29 (97%) ablated lesions showed no residual FDG activity after the second intraprocedural FDG dose. One patient with residual activity underwent immediate biopsy that revealed residual viable tumor and was immediately re-treated. Follow-up imaging at a median of 155 days (range, 92-257 days) after ablation showed local recurrences in two (7%) lesions that were originally negative at postablation PET. CONCLUSION Split-dose FDG PET/CT may be a useful tool to provide both guidance and endpoint evaluation, allowing an opportunity for repeat intervention if necessary. Further work is necessary to validate these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ronan Ryan
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Suite H118, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Laufs H, Tagliazucchi E, Rodionov R, Thornton R, Duncan JS, Lemieux L. Zusammenhang von Netwerkarchitektur und klinischen Charakteristika bei Temporallappenepilepsien. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1337126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Percutaneous image-guided lung biopsies are commonly performed by radiologists. Here, we review common indications and contraindications for the procedure, image guidance and tissue retrieval options, and other special considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldad Elnekave
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Ryan ER, Thornton R, Sofocleous CT, Erinjeri JP, Hsu M, Quinn B, Dauer LT, Solomon SB. PET/CT-guided interventions: personnel radiation dose. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2012; 36:1063-7. [PMID: 23229891 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-012-0515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify radiation exposure to the primary operator and staff during PET/CT-guided interventional procedures. METHODS In this prospective study, 12 patients underwent PET/CT-guided interventions over a 6 month period. Radiation exposure was measured for the primary operator, the radiology technologist, and the nurse anesthetist by means of optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters. Radiation exposure was correlated with the procedure time and the use of in-room image guidance (CT fluoroscopy or ultrasound). RESULTS The median effective dose was 0.02 (range 0-0.13) mSv for the primary operator, 0.01 (range 0-0.05) mSv for the nurse anesthetist, and 0.02 (range 0-0.05) mSv for the radiology technologist. The median extremity dose equivalent for the operator was 0.05 (range 0-0.62) mSv. Radiation exposure correlated with procedure duration and with the use of in-room image guidance. The median operator effective dose for the procedure was 0.015 mSv when conventional biopsy mode CT was used, compared to 0.06 mSv for in-room image guidance, although this did not achieve statistical significance as a result of the small sample size (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION The operator dose from PET/CT-guided procedures is not significantly different than typical doses from fluoroscopically guided procedures. The major determinant of radiation exposure to the operator from PET/CT-guided interventional procedures is time spent in close proximity to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ronan Ryan
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Suite H118, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Braithwaite MG, Thornton R. Tools for appraisal and revalidation--evaluation of regionally delivered workshops. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 62:220-2. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Thornton R, Vulliemoz S, Rodionov R, Carmichael DW, Chaudhary UJ, McEvoy AW, Diehl B, Walker MC, Guye M, Bartolomei F, Duncan JS, Lemieux L. 058 Pre-surgical evaluation in focal cortical dysplasia: a role for EEG-fMRI? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301993.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Thomas R, Ashby M, Thornton R. Who makes use of the enduring guardianship provisions in Tasmania (Australia) and what do they write on the forms? BMJ Support Palliat Care 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000053.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dauer LT, Thornton R, Boylan DC, Holahan B, Prins R, Quinn B, St. Germain J. Organ and effective dose estimates for patients undergoing hepatic arterial embolization for treatment of liver malignancy. Med Phys 2011; 38:736-42. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3533685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Deodhar A, Monette S, Single GW, Hamilton WC, Thornton R, Maybody M, Coleman JA, Solomon SB. Renal tissue ablation with irreversible electroporation: preliminary results in a porcine model. Urology 2010; 77:754-60. [PMID: 21111458 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the histopathologic and computed tomography imaging features associated with irreversible electroporation (IRE) ablation performed in normal porcine kidneys. IRE is a nonthermal ablative tool that uses direct electrical pulses to create permanent "pores" in cell membranes and cell death. It does not affect the extracellular matrix. METHODS Fifteen female swine were treated with IRE using acute (<24 hours), subacute (36 hours), and chronic (3 weeks) treatment settings. Unipolar IRE applicators were placed under CT guidance. The renal pelvis/calyx was included in 18 ablations. Imaging and histopathologic follow-up were performed. RESULTS A total of 29 ablations (19 acute, 4 subacute, and 6 chronic) were created. Acute/subacute ablations showed complete cortical necrosis without intervening live cells. The pelvic epithelium was necrotic with urothelial sloughing; pelvic extracellular matrix was intact. Chronic ablations showed cortical fibrosis, regenerating renal pelvic epithelium and intact pelvic extracellular matrix. No thermal injury, renal pelvic, or blood vessel injury was seen. Immediate postprocedure CT imaging demonstrated a hypodense nonenhancing lesion that persisted at 1 week. Of the 6 chronic lesions, 4 showed complete resolution at 3 weeks on imaging. No collecting system damage was seen. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary porcine study demonstrates the nonthermal and connective tissue sparing mechanism of action of IRE. These features may protect against collecting system damage after IRE ablation of renal tissue. IRE could therefore play an important role in ablation of centrally located renal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajita Deodhar
- Interventional Radiology and Image Guided Therapies, Suite H118, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Robson PC, Heffernan N, Gonen M, Thornton R, Brody LA, Holmes R, Brown KT, Covey AM, Fleischer D, Getrajdman GI, Jarnagin W, Sofocleous C, Blumgart L, D'Angelica M. Prospective study of outcomes after percutaneous biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:2303-11. [PMID: 20358300 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD) is used to relieve malignant bile duct obstruction (MBO) when endoscopic drainage is not feasible. Little is known about the effects of PBD on the quality of life (QoL) in patients with MBO. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in QoL and pruritus after PBD and to explore the variables that impact these changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible patients reported their QoL and pruritus before and after PBD using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary instrument (FACT-HS) and the Visual Analog Scale for Pruritus (VASP). Instruments were completed preprocedure and at 1 and 4 weeks following PBD. RESULTS A total of 109 (60 male/49 female) patients enrolled; 102 (94%) had unresectable disease. PBD was technically successful (hepatic ducts cannulated at the conclusion of procedure) in all patients. There were 2 procedure-related deaths. All-cause mortality was 10% (N = 11) at 4 weeks and 28% (N = 31) at 8 weeks post-PBD with a median survival of 4.74 months. The mean FACT-HS scores declined significantly (P < .01) over time (101.3, 94.8, 94.7 at baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks, respectively). The VASP scores showed significant improvement at 1 week with continued improvement at 4 weeks (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS PBD improves pruritus but not QoL in patients with MBO and advanced malignancy. There is high early mortality in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Robson
- Department of Nursing, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Wren AW, Boyd D, Thornton R, Cooney JC, Towler MR. Antibacterial properties of a tri-sodium citrate modified glass polyalkenoate cement. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 90:700-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rodionov R, Thornton R, Laufs H, Vulliemoz S, Vaudano AE, Carmichael DW, Cannadathu S, Guye M, McEvoy A, Lhatoo S, Walker MC, Bartolomei F, Chauvel P, Duncan JS, Lemieux L. BOLD Signal Changes related to Focal Seizures: analysis of Simultaneous EEG-fMRI data. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Rodionov R, Thornton R, Vulliemoz S, Carmichael DW, Vaudano AE, Duncan JS, Lemieux L. Localisation of Epileptogenic Areas using ICA-fMRI: validation using Intracranial EEG. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Vulliemoz S, Thornton R, Rodionov R, Carmichael D, Guye M, Lhatoo S, McEvoy A, Spinelli L, Michel C, Duncan J, Lemieux L. The spatio-temporal mapping of epileptic networks: combination of EEG-fMRI and EEG source imaging. Neuroimage 2009; 46:834-43. [PMID: 19408351 PMCID: PMC2977852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous EEG-fMRI acquisitions in patients with epilepsy often reveal distributed patterns of Blood Oxygen Level Dependant (BOLD) change correlated with epileptiform discharges. We investigated if electrical source imaging (ESI) performed on the interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) acquired during fMRI acquisition could be used to study the dynamics of the networks identified by the BOLD effect, thereby avoiding the limitations of combining results from separate recordings. Nine selected patients (13 IED types identified) with focal epilepsy underwent EEG-fMRI. Statistical analysis was performed using SPM5 to create BOLD maps. ESI was performed on the IED recorded during fMRI acquisition using a realistic head model (SMAC) and a distributed linear inverse solution (LAURA). ESI could not be performed in one case. In 10/12 remaining studies, ESI at IED onset (ESIo) was anatomically close to one BOLD cluster. Interestingly, ESIo was closest to the positive BOLD cluster with maximal statistical significance in only 4/12 cases and closest to negative BOLD responses in 4/12 cases. Very small BOLD clusters could also have clinical relevance in some cases. ESI at later time frame (ESIp) showed propagation to remote sources co-localised with other BOLD clusters in half of cases. In concordant cases, the distance between maxima of ESI and the closest EEG-fMRI cluster was less than 33 mm, in agreement with previous studies. We conclude that simultaneous ESI and EEG-fMRI analysis may be able to distinguish areas of BOLD response related to initiation of IED from propagation areas. This combination provides new opportunities for investigating epileptic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vulliemoz
- National Society for Epilepsy MRI Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
- Presurgical Evaluation for Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R. Thornton
- National Society for Epilepsy MRI Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - R. Rodionov
- National Society for Epilepsy MRI Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - D.W. Carmichael
- National Society for Epilepsy MRI Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - M. Guye
- CNRS UMR 6612 and Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Faculté de Médecine and CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - S. Lhatoo
- Department of Neurology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Road, Bristol, UK
| | - A.W. McEvoy
- National Society for Epilepsy MRI Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - L. Spinelli
- Presurgical Evaluation for Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C.M. Michel
- Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Neurology Department, University Hospital and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J.S. Duncan
- National Society for Epilepsy MRI Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - L. Lemieux
- National Society for Epilepsy MRI Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
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Obare F, Fleming P, Anglewicz P, Thornton R, Martinson F, Kapatuka A, Poulin M, Watkins S, Kohler HP. Acceptance of repeat population-based voluntary counselling and testing for HIV in rural Malawi. Sex Transm Infect 2009; 85:139-44. [PMID: 18927181 PMCID: PMC2788818 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2008.030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the acceptance of repeat population-based voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV in rural Malawi. METHODS Behavioural and biomarker data were collected in 2004 and 2006 from approximately 3000 adult respondents. In 2004, oral swab specimens were collected and analysed using ELISA and confirmatory Western blot tests, while finger-prick rapid testing was done in 2006. We used cross-tabulations with chi(2) tests and significance tests of proportions to determine the statistical significance of differences in acceptance of VCT by year, individual characteristics and HIV risk. RESULTS First, over 90% of respondents in each round accepted the HIV test, despite variations in testing protocols. Second, the percentage of individuals who obtained their test results significantly increased from 67% in 2004, when the results were provided in randomly selected locations several weeks after the specimens were collected, to 98% in 2006 when they were made available immediately within the home. Third, whereas there were significant variations in the sociodemographic and behavioural profiles of those who were successfully contacted for a second HIV test, this was not the case for those who accepted repeat VCT. This suggests that variations in the success of repeat testing might come from contacting the individuals rather than from accepting the test or knowing the results. CONCLUSIONS Repeat HIV testing at home by trained healthcare workers from outside the local area, and with either saliva or blood, is almost universally acceptable in rural Malawi and, thus, likely to be acceptable in similar contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Obare
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Thornton R, Richmond P, Vijayasekaran S, Rigby P, Wiertsema S, Coates H. A New Disease Paradigm - Mucosal and stromal intracellular bacteria in the upper respiratory tract. Laryngoscope 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.21588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dauer L, Thornton R, Erdi Y, Balter S, Ching H, Hamacher K, Williamson M, St. Germain J. MO-E-332-02: Skin Doses in Interventional Radiology Procedures Associated with Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment - Are There Reviewable Sentinel Events? Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sofocleous C, Petre E, Ip I, Solomon S, Thornton R, Covey A, Brody L, Alago W, Maybody M, Getrajdman G, Brown K. Abstract No. 337: Clinical Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation for Colorectal Cancer Hepatic Metastases. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2007.12.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Alago W, Sofocleous C, Covey A, Brody L, Thornton R, Maybody M, Solomon S, Getrajdman G, Brown K. Abstract No. 185: Trans-Ileal Retrograde Nephrostomy Catheters for Ureteral Obstruction Following Cystectomy: Technique and Outcome. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2007.12.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Erinjeri J, Brown K, Covey A, Getrajdman G, Sofocleous C, Thornton R. Abstract No. 343: Arterial Patency Following Repeated Hepatic Artery Particle Embolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2007.12.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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35
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Sofocleous CT, Nascimento RG, Gonen M, Theodoulou M, Covey AM, Brody LA, Solomon SM, Thornton R, Fong Y, Getrajdman GI, Brown KT. Radiofrequency ablation in the management of liver metastases from breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 189:883-9. [PMID: 17885061 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.07.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for patients with breast cancer hepatic metastases. Resection of metastases has survival advantages in a small percentage of selected patients. Radiofrequency ablation has been used in small numbers of selected patients. This small series was undertaken to review our experience with radiofrequency ablation in the management of patients with breast cancer hepatic metastases. CONCLUSION Radiofrequency ablation of breast cancer hepatic metastases is safe and may be used to control hepatic deposits in patients with stable or no extrahepatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Sofocleous
- Section of Interventional Radiology and Image Guided Therapies, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., Rm. H118, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Abstract
Distribution of finite levels of resources between multiple competing tasks can be a challenging problem. Resources need to be distributed across time periods and geographic locations to increase the probability of detection of a disease incursion or significant change in disease pattern. Efforts should focus primarily on areas and populations where risk factors for a given disease reach relatively high levels. In order to target resources into these areas, the overall risk level can be evaluated periodically across locations to create a dynamic national risk landscape. Methods are described to integrate the levels of various risk factors into an overall risk score for each area, to account for the certainty or variability around those measures and then to allocate surveillance resources across this risk landscape. In addition to targeting resources into high risk areas, surveillance continues in lower risk areas where there is a small yet positive chance of disease occurrence. In this paper we describe the application of portfolio theory concepts, routinely used in finance, to design surveillance portfolios for a series of examples. The appropriate level of resource investment is chosen for each disease or geographical area and time period given the degree of disease risk and uncertainty present.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Prattley
- EpiCentre, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Sofocleous CT, Schubert J, Kemeny N, Covey AM, Brody LA, Getrajdman GI, Thornton R, Winston C, Brown KT. Arterial Embolization for Salvage of Hepatic Artery Infusion Pumps. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2006; 17:801-6. [PMID: 16687745 DOI: 10.1097/01.rvi.0000217937.81939.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatic artery infusion pumps (HAIPs) ideally provide for homogenous perfusion of the liver with chemotherapeutic agents. Perfusion of extrahepatic organs or asymmetric liver perfusion (ie, "misperfusion") is diagnosed by nuclear scintigraphy and precludes the use of HAIPs. The purpose of this study is to report experience in salvaging HAIPs with arterial embolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-center HAIP database was retrospectively reviewed for cases from 1999 to 2005 to identify patients who underwent angiography to treat misperfusion documented by nuclear scintigraphy. Patient demographics, nuclear scintigraphic findings before and after embolization, angiographic findings, embolization variables, and outcomes were recorded. Technical success (defined by cessation of flow to the vessel responsible for misperfusion) and clinical success (ie, successful use of the pump) were calculated. RESULTS During the study period, 475 HAIPs were implanted. Of those, 43 (9%) had abnormal nuclear scintigraphic findings of misperfusion, but only 32 (7%) had angiographic abnormalities. In eight of 32 cases, hepatic arterial thrombosis and extravasation at the catheter tip were found, which precluded salvage by embolization. In 24 of 32 cases, a vessel presumed responsible for the misperfusion was identified and targeted for embolization. Technical success and clinical success were achieved in 21 of 24 patients (87.5%) and 19 of 24 patients (79%), respectively, who underwent 27 embolization procedures. The three technical failures (12.5%) were the result of inability to catheterize the identified vessel. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous arterial embolization of a vessel to correct misperfusion shown by nuclear scintigraphy is safe and effective. This approach can be expected to result in HAIP salvage in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos T Sofocleous
- Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-Guided Therapies, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of grape juice dilution and different temperature/nitrogen addition regimes on commercial-scale, high-density Shiraz and Chardonnay fermentations. METHODS AND RESULTS Duplicated fermentations (30 hl) were conducted at two temperatures for Shiraz and for Chardonnay. Two additional tanks of Chardonnay and Shiraz were diluted. Nitrogen was added once at inoculation or in aliquots over several days. Yeast concentration and viability was determined by flow cytometry. Fermentation chemistry was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Fermentations arrested in both of the undiluted, higher temperature duplicate tanks of Shiraz. Different fermentation temperature resulted in sensorially different Shiraz, but not Chardonnay, wines made from undiluted musts. The converse was observed for wines made from diluted musts. CONCLUSIONS High-density musts can be fermented completely using reduced fermentation temperature coupled with incremental nitrogen addition. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study in duplicated, commercial-scale, high-density grape juice fermentations to address temperature, nitrogen addition, and juice dilution effects on stuck fermentation potential and wine sensory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chaney
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, California State University-Fresno, USA
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Thornton R, Court B, Meara J, Murray V, Palmer I, Scott R, Wale M, Wright D. Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear terrorism: an introduction for occupational physicians. Occup Med (Lond) 2004; 54:101-9. [PMID: 15020728 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqh025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear terrorism poses considerable threat throughout the world. AIM To provide occupational physicians with an understanding of this threat and its main forms and what action can be taken to counter this threat. METHODS Presenters at a conference on chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear terrorism were asked to contribute their evidence-based opinions in order to produce a review article. RESULTS This paper presents a summary of the different forms of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear terrorism and the effective counter-measures and also provides a review of current scientific literature. CONCLUSION The threat of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear terrorism is present throughout the world and is one that occupational physicians should be aware of, as well as the action that can be taken to counter it.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thornton
- Headquarters Fourth Division, Steeles Road, Aldershot GU11 2DP, UK.
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Abstract
Many abnormalities seen in the elbow result from trauma, often from sports such as baseball and tennis. Elbow problems are frequently related to the medial tension-lateral compression phenomenon, where repeated valgus stress produces flexor-pronator strain, ulnar collateral ligament sprain, ulnar traction spurring, and ulnar neuropathy. Lateral compression causes osteochondral lesions of the capitellum and radial head, degenerative arthritis, and loose bodies. Other elbow abnormalities seen on magnetic resonance imaging include radial collateral ligament injuries, biceps and triceps tendon injuries, other nerve entrapment syndromes, loose bodies, osseous and soft-tissue trauma, arthritis, and masses, including bursae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Thornton
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, 94143, USA
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Abstract
Dietary restriction in animals results in a dramatic reduction of cancer incidence. Several attempts have been made to extrapolate this observation to the human situation. Recent developments in our knowledge of gene-dietary interactions, particularly in relation to vitamins, have been taken into account in a new examination of the likely effects of dietary restriction in humans, but this is a relatively new area of research. Epidemiological studies in relation to diet have also been considered, but probably need to be refined further because of the subtle effects of dietary interactions. Until more detailed information is available the extrapolation can still only be made with the utmost caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thornton
- Dibden Consultancy, Tudor Lodge, Applemore Hill, Dibden, Southampton SO45 5TL, UK
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Abstract
High rates of false-positive neonatal screens for permanent childhood hearing impairment (PCHI) associated with raised hearing thresholds lead to unnecessary assessments of the baby, which may worry parents. False-positive rates need to be reduced, especially in view of the UK government's announcement that national neonatal screening will be introduced. We report screening criteria that give a six-fold reduction in false-positive rates.
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Mandala SM, Thornton R, Galve-Roperh I, Poulton S, Peterson C, Olivera A, Bergstrom J, Kurtz MB, Spiegel S. Molecular cloning and characterization of a lipid phosphohydrolase that degrades sphingosine-1- phosphate and induces cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:7859-64. [PMID: 10859351 PMCID: PMC16635 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.120146897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) are interconvertible sphingolipid metabolites with opposing effects on cell growth and apoptosis. Based on sequence homology with LBP1, a lipid phosphohydrolase that regulates the levels of phosphorylated sphingoid bases in yeast, we report here the cloning, identification, and characterization of a mammalian SPP phosphatase (mSPP1). This hydrophobic enzyme, which contains the type 2 lipid phosphohydrolase conserved sequence motif, shows substrate specificity for SPP. Partially purified Myc-tagged mSPP1 was also highly active at dephosphorylating SPP. When expressed in yeast, mSPP1 can partially substitute for the function of LBP1. Membrane fractions from human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells transfected with mSPP1 markedly degraded SPP but not lysophosphatidic acid, phosphatidic acid, or ceramide-1-phosphate. Enforced expression of mSPP1 in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts not only decreased SPP and enhanced ceramide levels, it also markedly diminished survival and induced the characteristic traits of apoptosis. Collectively, our results suggest that SPP phosphohydrolase may regulate the dynamic balance between sphingolipid metabolite levels in mammalian cells and consequently influence cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mandala
- Department of Infectious Disease, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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Abstract
Undergraduate student nurses (n = 117) were asked to reflect critically on their psychiatric clinical learning experience and identify strengths and weaknesses not only in the actions and behaviors of others, but also in their own. A questionnaire was specifically constructed to encourage the voicing of issues, concerns, actions, and behaviors that centered around the concept of quality in relation to four predetermined categories: clinical practice, clinical nursing staff, clinical facilitators, and students. Themes, inductively derived from the collected information within each category, were organized into clusters and then into frequency distributions to facilitate interpretation. The study generated information that should be useful in planning and supervising effective and mutually satisfying clinical practicums in any psychiatric context. Moreover, the responses gave voice to matters that otherwise may have gone unrecognized in the curriculum. The study confirms that student voice must become an integral part of the alternatives from which curriculum-making choice is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thornton
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Red Hill, Australia
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Thornton R, MacDonald MC, Arnold JE. The concomitant effects of phrase length and informational content in sentence comprehension. J Psycholinguist Res 2000; 29:195-203. [PMID: 10709184 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005197012421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that phrase length plays a crucial role in modification ambiguities. Using a self-paced reading task, we extended these results by examining the additional pragmatic effects that length manipulations may exert. The results demonstrate that length not only modulates modification preferences directly, but that it also necessarily changes the informational content of a sentence, which itself affects modification preferences. Our findings suggest that the same length manipulation affects multiple sources of constraints, both structural and pragmatic, which can each exert differing effects on processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thornton
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-2520, USA.
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Gorski GK, Paul M, Soohoo H, Borghaei RC, Mochan E, Thornton R, Pease E. Identification of IL-1 regulated genes in human synovial and gingival fibroblasts by differential display. Inflamm Res 1999; 48 Suppl 2:S122-3. [PMID: 10667845 DOI: 10.1007/s000110050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G K Gorski
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA 19131-1694, USA.
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Mandala SM, Thornton R, Tu Z, Kurtz MB, Nickels J, Broach J, Menzeleev R, Spiegel S. Sphingoid base 1-phosphate phosphatase: a key regulator of sphingolipid metabolism and stress response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:150-5. [PMID: 9419344 PMCID: PMC18156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.1.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid metabolites ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate are second messengers with opposing roles in mammalian cell growth arrest and survival; their relative cellular level has been proposed to be a rheostat that determines the fate of cells. This report demonstrates that this rheostat is an evolutionarily conserved stress-regulatory mechanism that influences growth and survival of yeast. Although the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in yeast was not previously examined, accumulation of ceramide has been shown to induce G1 arrest and cell death. We now have identified a gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, LBP1, that regulates the levels of phosphorylated sphingoid bases and ceramide. LBP1 was cloned from a yeast mutant that accumulated phosphorylated long-chain sphingoid bases and diverted sphingoid base intermediates from sphingolipid pathways to glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. LBP1 and its homolog, LBP2, encode very hydrophobic proteins that contain a novel-conserved sequence motif for lipid phosphatases, and both have long-chain sphingoid base phosphate phosphatase activity. In vitro characterization of Lbp1p shows that this phosphatase is Mg2+-independent with high specificity for phosphorylated long-chain bases, phytosphingosine and sphingosine. The deletion of LBP1 results in the accumulation of phosphorylated long-chain sphingoid bases and reduced ceramide levels. Moreover, deletion of LBP1 and LBP2 results in dramatically enhanced survival upon severe heat shock. Thus, these phosphatases play a previously unappreciated role in regulating ceramide and phosphorylated sphingoid base levels in yeast, and they modulate stress responses through sphingolipid metabolites in a manner that is reminiscent of their effects on mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mandala
- Department of Biochemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Thornton R, Lubbock J. Survey of occupational health problems in an operational military environment. Occup Med (Lond) 1997; 47:468-72. [PMID: 9604479 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/47.8.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
16 Armoured Field Ambulance provided primary and secondary medical care to British troops in Bosnia from April to October 1996. Patients presenting at both levels were reviewed and categorized into occupational illness, non-occupational disease and non-occupational injury. The results show that occupational illness was a small but significant component of primary care (8%) with non-occupational injury accounting for < 1%. In secondary care, the more serious nature of the occupational disease seen is shown in that it accounted for 38% of all admissions and 44% of the 149 patients who had to be evacuated from theatre for further treatment. Non-occupational injury represented 8% of admissions and 13% of evacuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thornton
- Surgeon General's Department, Ministry of Defence, London, UK.
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Abstract
The humanitarian aid experience of a unit in Bosnia is described. Data are presented for primary care clinics undertaken, showing the range of conditions and age of patients seen. The role of the civilian aid agencies involved is described, together with recommendations for future training requirements for similar operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thornton
- 16 Armoured Field Ambulance RAMC, Tidworth, Hampshire
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Borghaei H, Borghaei RC, Ni X, Pease E, Thornton R, Mochan E. Evidence that suppression of IL-1 induced collagenase mRNA expression by dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) involves inhibition of NF kappa B binding. Inflamm Res 1997; 46 Suppl 2:S177-8. [PMID: 9297569 DOI: 10.1007/s000110050168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Borghaei
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PA 19131, USA
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