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Edwin RK, Acharya LP, Maity SK, Chakrabarti P, Tantia O, Joshi MB, Satyamoorthy K, Parsa KVL, Misra P. TGS1/PIMT knockdown reduces lipid accumulation in adipocytes, limits body weight gain and promotes insulin sensitivity in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166896. [PMID: 37751782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PRIP Interacting protein with Methyl Transferase domain (PIMT/TGS1) is an integral upstream coactivator in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) transcriptional apparatus. PPARγ activation alleviates insulin resistance but promotes weight gain. Herein, we show how PIMT regulates body weight while promoting insulin sensitivity in diet induced obese mice. In vitro, we observed enhanced PIMT levels during adipogenesis. Knockdown of PIMT in 3T3-L1 results in reduced lipid accumulation and alters PPARγ regulated gene expression. Intraperitoneal injection of shPIMT lentivirus in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice caused reduced adipose tissue size and decreased expression of lipid markers. This was accompanied by significantly lower levels of inflammation, hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the different adipose depots (eWAT and iWAT). Notably, PIMT depletion limits body weight gain in HFD-fed mice along with improved impaired oral glucose clearance. It also enhanced insulin sensitivity revealed by assessment of important insulin resistance markers and increased adiponectin levels. In addition, reduced PIMT levels did not alter the serum free fatty acid and TNFα levels. Finally, the relevance of our studies to human obesity is suggested by our finding that PIMT was upregulated in adipose tissue of obese patients along with crucial fat marker genes. We speculate that PIMT may be a potential target in maintaining energy metabolism, thus regulating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kristina Edwin
- Centre for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India; Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Lavanya Prakash Acharya
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sujay K Maity
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd, Poddar Nagar, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd, Poddar Nagar, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Om Tantia
- Institute of Laparoscopic Surgery Group of Hospitals, DD - 6, Sector I, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) University, Manjushree Nagar, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka 580009, India.
| | - Kishore V L Parsa
- Centre for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Parimal Misra
- Centre for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Shukla S, Nishanth Rao R, Bhuktar H, Edwin RK, Jamma T, Medishetti R, Banerjee S, Giliyaru VB, Shenoy GG, Oruganti S, Misra P, Pal M. Wang resin catalysed sonochemical synthesis of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidinones and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones: Identification of chorismate mutase inhibitors having effects on Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell viability. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106452. [PMID: 36889201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme chorismate mutase (or CM that is vital for the survival of bacteria) is an interesting pharmacological target for the identification of new anti-tubercular agents. The 5,5-disibstituted pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidinone derivatives containing the fragment based on 4-amino-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide were designed and explored as the potential inhibitors of chorismate mutase. Based on encouraging docking results of two representative molecules evaluated in silico against MtbCM (PDB: 2FP2) the Wang resin catalysed sonochemical synthesis of target N-heteroarenes were undertaken. The methodology involved the reaction of 4-amino-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide with the appropriate cyclic/acyclic ketones to afford the desired products in acceptable (51-94%) yields. The methodology was also extended successfully towards the synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones in excellent (85-90%) yields. In vitro MTT assay against the RAW 264.7 cell line followed by enzymatic assay against MtbCM identified 3b and 3c as active compounds that showed two H-bonding via their NH (at position 6) and CO group with MtbCM in silico and encouraging (54-57%) inhibition at 30 µM in vitro. Notably, none of the 2,2-disubstituted 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones showed any significant inhibition of MtbCM suggesting the favourable role of the pyrazole moiety in case of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidinones. The favourable role of cyclopentyl ring attached to the pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidinone moiety and that of two methyl groups in place of cyclopentyl ring was also indicated by the SAR study. Besides showing effects against MtbCM in the concentration response study, 3b and 3c showed little or no effects on mammalian cell viability up to 100 µM in an MTT assay but decreased the % Mtb cell viability at 10-30 µM with > 20% decrease at 30 µM in an Alamar Blue Assay. Moreover, no adverse effects were noted for these compounds when tested for teratogenicity and hepatotoxicity in zebrafish at various concentrations. Overall, being the only example of MtbCM inhibitors that showed effects on Mtb cell viability the compound 3b and 3c are of further interest form the view point of discovery and development of new anti-tubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Shukla
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - R Nishanth Rao
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Harshavardhan Bhuktar
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rebecca Kristina Edwin
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Trinath Jamma
- Department of Biological Sciences, B-225, BITS Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500 078, Telangana, India
| | - Raghavender Medishetti
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharmistha Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Varadaraj Bhat Giliyaru
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Gautham G Shenoy
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Oruganti
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Parimal Misra
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Manojit Pal
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India.
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Kapadia B, Behera S, Kumar ST, Shah T, Edwin RK, Babu PP, Chakrabarti P, Parsa KV, Misra P. PIMT regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. iScience 2023; 26:106120. [PMID: 36866247 PMCID: PMC9972567 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological and metabolic functions of PIMT/TGS1, a third-generation transcriptional apparatus protein, in glucose homeostasis sustenance are unclear. Here, we observed that the expression of PIMT was upregulated in the livers of short-term fasted and obese mice. Lentiviruses expressing Tgs1-specific shRNA or cDNA were injected into wild-type mice. Gene expression, hepatic glucose output, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were evaluated in mice and primary hepatocytes. Genetic modulation of PIMT exerted a direct positive impact on the gluconeogenic gene expression program and hepatic glucose output. Molecular studies utilizing cultured cells, in vivo models, genetic manipulation, and PKA pharmacological inhibition establish that PKA regulates PIMT at post-transcriptional/translational and post-translational levels. PKA enhanced 3'UTR-mediated translation of TGS1 mRNA and phosphorylated PIMT at Ser656, increasing Ep300-mediated gluconeogenic transcriptional activity. The PKA-PIMT-Ep300 signaling module and associated PIMT regulation may serve as a key driver of gluconeogenesis, positioning PIMT as a critical hepatic glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandish Kapadia
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, TG 500046, India
| | - Soma Behera
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, TG 500046, India
| | - Sireesh T. Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Tapan Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Rebecca Kristina Edwin
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, TG 500046, India
| | | | | | - Kishore V.L. Parsa
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, TG 500046, India,Corresponding author
| | - Parimal Misra
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, TG 500046, India,Corresponding author
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Sandeep Kumar J, Sujeevan Reddy G, Medishetti R, Amirul Hossain K, Thirupataiah B, Edelli J, Dilip Bele S, Kristina Edwin R, Joseph A, Shenoy GG, Mallikarjuna Rao C, Pal M. Ultrasound assisted one-pot synthesis of rosuvastatin based novel azaindole derivatives via coupling-cyclization strategy under Pd/Cu-catalysis: their evaluation as potential cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reddy GS, Shukla S, Bhuktar H, Hossain KA, Edwin RK, Giliyaru VB, Misra P, Pal M. Pd/Cu-catalyzed access to novel 3-(benzofuran-2-ylmethyl) substituted (pyrazolo/benzo)triazinone derivatives: their in silico/ in vitro evaluation as inhibitors of chorismate mutase (CM). RSC Adv 2022; 12:26686-26695. [PMID: 36275143 PMCID: PMC9490447 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05255e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the reported chorismate mutase (CM or MtbCM) inhibitory activities of 3-indolylmethyl substituted (pyrazolo/benzo)triazinone derivatives the structurally similar 3-(benzofuran-2-ylmethyl) substituted (pyrazolo/benzo)triazinones were designed and evaluated in silico against CM. The docking of target molecules was performed at the interface site of MtbCM (PDB: 2FP2). All the best ranked molecules participated in a strong H-bonding with the ILE67 of the B chain at the backbone position in addition to several hydrophobic/van der Waals interactions with the hydrophobic residues. Based on encouraging docking results, the one-pot synthesis of newly designed benzofuran derivatives was carried out using tandem Pd/Cu-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling followed by intramolecular cyclization of 2-iodophenols with appropriate terminal alkynes. A range of novel 3-(benzofuran-2-ylmethyl) substituted (pyrazolo/benzo)triazinone derivatives were prepared in high (>80%) yields. Three molecules i.e.3h, 3i and 3m that participated in good interaction with CM in silico showed encouraging (64–65%) inhibition at 30 μM in vitro. An SAR within this class of molecules suggested that the benzotriazinone series in general was better than the pyrazolotriazinone series. Based on molecular docking in silico, CM inhibition in vitro and computational ADME prediction the benzofuran derivatives 3i and 3m seemed to be of further medicinal interest in the context of discovery and development of new anti-tubercular agents. We report the Pd/Cu-catalyzed synthesis, in silico molecular docking, in vitro CM inhibition and computational ADME prediction of novel 3-(benzofuran-2-ylmethyl) substituted (pyrazolo/benzo)triazinone derivatives.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangireddy Sujeevan Reddy
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharda Shukla
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Harshavardhan Bhuktar
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kazi Amirul Hossain
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Rebecca Kristina Edwin
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Varadaraj Bhat Giliyaru
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Parimal Misra
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Manojit Pal
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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Kumar JS, Thirupataiah B, Medishetti R, Ray A, Bele SD, Hossain KA, Reddy GS, Edwin RK, Joseph A, Kumar N, Shenoy GG, Rao CM, Pal M. Rosuvastatin based novel 3-substituted isocoumarins / 3-alkylidenephthalides: Ultrasound assisted synthesis and identification of new anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 201:112335. [PMID: 32599323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new class of 3-substituted isocoumarin/3-alkylidenephthalide based novel small molecules derived from rosuvastatin were designed and synthesized via the ultrasound assisted Cu-mediated coupling-cyclization in a single pot with remarkable regioselectivity. The phthalides were generally obtained at lower temperature whereas the use of elevated temperature afforded isocoumarins. Two compounds e.g. 3n and 4d showed promising cytotoxic effects when tested against HCT 116, HepG2 and PA-1 cell lines at 10 μM. Indeed, 4d was found to be a potent cytotoxic agent (IC50 ∼ 0.76-4.51 μM). Both 3n and 4d were tested for their effects on PANC-1 cells. Considerable decrease in p-Akt substrates shown by 4d and 3n at 50 μM (western blot analysis) indicated their ability to inhibit p-Akt signal transduction pathway and arresting growth of PANC-1 cells in vitro. This was further supported by the cytotoxic effect of 4d on PANC-1 cells (MTT assay) that was better than rosuvastatin. While none of 3n and 4d showed any significant effect on non-cancerous HEK cell line (indicating their potential selectivity towards cancer cells) these compounds were further evaluated for their toxicities in Zebrafish embryo. The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for teratogenicity, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity was found to be 100 μM for both compound. Thus, 4d as a novel and potent but safer cytotoxic agent with potential to treat colorectal/ovarian and pancreatic cancer is of further medicinal interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetta Sandeep Kumar
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - B Thirupataiah
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavender Medishetti
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Aramita Ray
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Shilpak Dilip Bele
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Kazi Amirul Hossain
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Gangireddy Sujeevan Reddy
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rebecca Kristina Edwin
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Gautham G Shenoy
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mallikarjuna Rao
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Manojit Pal
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
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Reddy GS, Hossain KA, Kumar JS, Thirupataiah B, Edwin RK, Giliyaru VB, Chandrashekhar Hariharapura R, Shenoy GG, Misra P, Pal M. Novel isatin–indole derivatives as potential inhibitors of chorismate mutase (CM): their synthesis along with unexpected formation of 2-indolylmethylamino benzoate ester under Pd–Cu catalysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:289-297. [PMID: 35492515 PMCID: PMC9047634 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09236f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel isatin–indole derivatives has been designed as potential inhibitors of chorismate mutase (CM) that is known to be present in bacteria, fungi and higher plants but not in human. The design was supported by in silico docking studies that predicted strong interactions of these molecules with CM. The target compounds were synthesized via the one-pot coupling/cyclization method involving the reaction of an isatin based terminal alkyne with 2-iodosulfanilides under Pd–Cu catalysis. A number of isatin–indole derivatives were prepared using this method. A side product e.g. 2-indolylmethylamino benzoate ester derivative was obtained as a result of isatin ring opening (ethanolysis) of products in certain cases. Additionally, regioselective reduction of selected compounds afforded the corresponding C-3 hydroxy derivatives. All isatin–indole derivatives showed good to high inhibition of CM in vitro among which two compounds (3e and 3f) showed inhibition at nanomolar concentration. Design, synthesis and evaluation of isatin–indole derivatives were undertaken to identify potent inhibitors of chorismate mutase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangireddy Sujeevan Reddy
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500 046
- India
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kazi Amirul Hossain
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500 046
- India
| | - Jetta Sandeep Kumar
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500 046
- India
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - B. Thirupataiah
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500 046
- India
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Rebecca Kristina Edwin
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500 046
- India
| | | | | | - G. Gautham Shenoy
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education
- Manipal
- India
| | - Parimal Misra
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500 046
- India
| | - Manojit Pal
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad 500 046
- India
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Reddy GS, Snehalatha AV, Edwin RK, Hossain KA, Giliyaru VB, Hariharapura RC, Gautham Shenoy G, Misra P, Pal M. Synthesis of 3-indolylmethyl substituted (pyrazolo/benzo)triazinone derivatives under Pd/Cu-catalysis: Identification of potent inhibitors of chorismate mutase (CM). Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103155. [PMID: 31400552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The chorismate mutase (CM) is considered as an attractive target for the identification of potential antitubercular agents due to its absence in animals but not in bacteria. A series of 3-indolylmethyl substituted pyrazolotriazinone derivatives were designed and docked into CM in silico as potential inhibitors. These compounds were efficiently synthesized using the Pd/Cu-catalyzed coupling-cyclization in a single pot involving the construction of indole ring. The methodology was later extended to the preparation of corresponding benzo analogs of pyrazolotriazinones i.e. 3-indolylmethyl substituted benzotriazinone derivatives. Several of these novel compounds showed significant inhibition of CM when tested in vitro at 30 µM. The SAR (Structure-Activity-Relationship) studies suggested that benzotriazinone moiety was more favorable over the pyrazolotriazinone ring. The two best active compounds showed IC50 ∼ 0.4-0.9 µM (better than the reference/known compounds used) and no toxicity till 30 µM in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangireddy Sujeevan Reddy
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ampalam Venkata Snehalatha
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Rebecca Kristina Edwin
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Kazi Amirul Hossain
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Varadaraj Bhat Giliyaru
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | | | - G Gautham Shenoy
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Parimal Misra
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Manojit Pal
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
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