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Kishore M, Pradeep M, Narne P, Jayalakshmi S, Panigrahi M, Patil A, Babu PP. Correction to: Regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 axis in temporal lobe epilepsy-hippocampal sclerosis patients may limit the seizure outcomes. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:377. [PMID: 37486512 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhamanchi Kishore
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Madhamanchi Pradeep
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
- Govt. Degree College for Men's, Srikakulam District, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, 532001, India
| | - Parimala Narne
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Sita Jayalakshmi
- Department of Neurology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manas Panigrahi
- Department of Neurology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anuja Patil
- Department of Neurology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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Kishore M, Pradeep M, Narne P, Jayalakshmi S, Panigrahi M, Patil A, Babu PP. Regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 axis in temporal lobe epilepsy-hippocampal sclerosis patients may limit the seizure outcomes. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:4441-4450. [PMID: 37432566 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exacerbates neuronal loss during seizure-induced excitotoxicity. Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) axis is one of the known active antioxidant response mechanisms. Our study focused on finding the factors influencing Keap1-Nrf2 axis regulation in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) patients. METHODS Based on post-surgical follow-up data, patient samples (n = 26) were categorized into class 1 (completely seizure-free) and class 2 (only focal-aware seizures/auras), as suggested by International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). For molecular analyses, double immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis were employed. RESULTS A significant decrease in expression of Nrf2 (p < 0.005), HO-1; p < 0.02) and NADPH Quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1; p < 0.02) was observed in ILAE class 2. Keap1 (p < 0.02) and histone methyltransferases (HMTs) like SetD7 (SET7/9; SET domain-containing 7 histone lysine methyltransferase) (p < 0.009) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2; p < 0.02) and methylated histones viz., H3K4me1 (p < 0.001), H3K9me3 (p < 0.001), and H3K27me3 (p < 0.001) was upregulated in ILAE class 2. Nrf2-interacting proteins viz., p21 (p < 0.001) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90; p < 0.03) increased in class 1 compared to class 2 patients. CONCLUSION Upregulation of HMTs and methylated histones can limit phase II antioxidant enzyme expression. Also, HSP90 and p21 that interfere with Keap1-Nrf2 interaction could contribute to a marginal increase in HO-1 and NQO1 expression despite histone methylation and Keap1. Based on our findings, we conclude that TLE-HS patients prone to seizure recurrence were found to have dysfunctional antioxidant response, in part, owing to Keap1-Nrf2 axis. The significance of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling mechanism in generation of phase II antioxidant response. Keap1-Nrf2 controls antioxidant response through regulation of phase II antioxidant enzymes like HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), NQO1 (NADPH-Quinone Oxidoreductase1), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Release of Nrf2 from negative regulation by Keap1 causes its translocation into nucleus, forming a complex with cAMP response-element binding protein (CBP) and small Maf proteins (sMaf). This complex subsequently binds antioxidant response element (ARE) and elicits and antioxidant response involving expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modify Cysteine 151 residue, p62 (sequsetosome-1), and interacts with Nrf2- binding site in Keap 1. p21 and HSP90 prevent Nrf2 interaction with Keap1. At transcriptional level, histone methyltransferases like EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homologue2), and SetD7 (SET7/9; SET domain-containing 7 histone lysine methyltransferase) and corresponding histone targets viz., H3K27me3, H3K9me3, and H3K4me1 influence Nrf2 and Keap1 expression respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhamanchi Kishore
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Madhamanchi Pradeep
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
- Govt. Degree College for Men's, Srikakulam District, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, 532001, India
| | - Parimala Narne
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Sita Jayalakshmi
- Department of Neurology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manas Panigrahi
- Department of Neurology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anuja Patil
- Department of Neurology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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Rayilla RSR, Naidu M, Babu PP. Surgically Induced Demyelination in Rat Sciatic Nerve. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050754. [PMID: 37239226 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Demyelination is a common sign of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) caused by damage to the myelin sheath surrounding axons in the sciatic nerve. There are not many methods to induce demyelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) using animal models. This study describes a surgical approach using a single partial sciatic nerve suture to induce demyelination in young male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. After the post-sciatic nerve injury (p-SNI) to the sciatic nerve, histology and immunostaining show demyelination or myelin loss in early to severe phases with no self-recovery. The rotarod test confirms the loss of motor function in nerve-damaged rats. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) imaging of nerve-damaged rats reveals axonal atrophy and inter-axonal gaps. Further, administration of Teriflunomide (TF) to p-SNI rats resulted in the restoration of motor function, repair of axonal atrophies with inter-axonal spaces, and myelin secretion or remyelination. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a surgical procedure that can induce demyelination in the rat sciatic nerve, which is then remyelinated after TF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shankar Rao Rayilla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Mur Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500082, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Kapadia B, Behera S, Kumar ST, Shah T, Edwin RK, Babu PP, Chakrabarti P, Parsa KV, Misra P. PIMT regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. iScience 2023; 26:106120. [PMID: 36866247 PMCID: PMC9972567 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological and metabolic functions of PIMT/TGS1, a third-generation transcriptional apparatus protein, in glucose homeostasis sustenance are unclear. Here, we observed that the expression of PIMT was upregulated in the livers of short-term fasted and obese mice. Lentiviruses expressing Tgs1-specific shRNA or cDNA were injected into wild-type mice. Gene expression, hepatic glucose output, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were evaluated in mice and primary hepatocytes. Genetic modulation of PIMT exerted a direct positive impact on the gluconeogenic gene expression program and hepatic glucose output. Molecular studies utilizing cultured cells, in vivo models, genetic manipulation, and PKA pharmacological inhibition establish that PKA regulates PIMT at post-transcriptional/translational and post-translational levels. PKA enhanced 3'UTR-mediated translation of TGS1 mRNA and phosphorylated PIMT at Ser656, increasing Ep300-mediated gluconeogenic transcriptional activity. The PKA-PIMT-Ep300 signaling module and associated PIMT regulation may serve as a key driver of gluconeogenesis, positioning PIMT as a critical hepatic glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandish Kapadia
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, TG 500046, India
| | - Soma Behera
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, TG 500046, India
| | - Sireesh T. Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Tapan Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Rebecca Kristina Edwin
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, TG 500046, India
| | | | | | - Kishore V.L. Parsa
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, TG 500046, India,Corresponding author
| | - Parimal Misra
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, TG 500046, India,Corresponding author
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Venkatesham P, Ranjan N, Mudiraj A, Kuchana V, Chedupaka R, Manga V, Babu PP, Vedula RR. New class of fused [3,2-b][1,2,4]triazolothiazoles for targeting glioma in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129103. [PMID: 36494051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is aggressive malignant tumor with limited therapeutic interventions. Herein we report the synthesis of fused bicyclic 1,2,4-triazolothiazoles by a one-pot multi-component approach and their activity against C6 rat and LN18 human glioma cell lines. The target compounds 2-(6-phenylthiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-2-yl) isoindoline-1,3-diones and (E)-1-phenyl-N-(6-phenylthiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-2-yl) methanimines were obtained by the reaction of 5-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol with substituted phenacyl bromide, phthalic anhydride, and different aromatic aldehydes in EtOH/HCl under reflux conditions. In C6 rat glioma cell lines, compounds 4g and 6i showed good cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 8.09 and 8.74 μM, respectively, resulting in G1 and G2-M phase arrest of the cell cycle and activation of apoptosis by modulating phosphorylation of ERK and AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papisetti Venkatesham
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Nikhil Ranjan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Anwita Mudiraj
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Vinutha Kuchana
- Molecular Modeling and Medicinal Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, 500007 Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Raju Chedupaka
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Vijjulatha Manga
- Molecular Modeling and Medicinal Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, 500007 Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Rajeswar Rao Vedula
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India.
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Ommi NB, Abdullah M, Guruprasad L, Babu PP. Docosahexaenoic acid is potent against the growth of mature stages of Plasmodium falciparum; inhibition of hematin polymerization a possible target. Parasitol Int 2022; 89:102581. [PMID: 35395394 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the potential effect of externally added unsaturated fatty acids on P. falciparum growth. Our results indicate that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibit the growth of Plasmodium in proportional to their degree of unsaturation. At higher concentration the PUFA Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) induces pyknotic nuclei in infected erythrocytes. When Plasmodium stages were treated transiently with DHA, the ring stage culture recovered from the drug effect and parasitemia was increased post DHA removal with delayed growth of 12 h, compared to untreated control. Schizont stage treated culture displayed a 36 h delay in growth to infect fresh erythrocytes signifying its recovery is less than the ring stage. However the trophozoite stage failed to recover and showed a decrease in parasitemia, similar to that of continuous treated culture. PUFAs inhibited β- hematin polymerization by binding to free heme derived from hemoglobin degradation. Digestive vacuole neutral lipid bodies, which are pivotal for β- hematin polymerization, decreased and subsequently abrogated with increasing concentration of DHA in trophozoite stage treated culture. Our study concludes that DHA interacts with heme monomers and inhibits the β- hematin polymerization and growth of mature stages i.e., trophozoite and schizont stages of plasmodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidu Babu Ommi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Maaged Abdullah
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Lalitha Guruprasad
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India.
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Kumar SP, Babu PP. NADPH Oxidase: a Possible Therapeutic Target for Cognitive Impairment in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:800-820. [PMID: 34782951 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-term cognitive impairment associated with seizure-induced hippocampal damage is the key feature of cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis. One-fourth of child survivors of CM suffer from long-lasting neurological deficits and behavioral anomalies. However, mechanisms on hippocampal dysfunction are unclear. In this study, we elucidated whether gp91phox isoform of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) (a potent marker of oxidative stress) mediates hippocampal neuronal abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in experimental CM (ECM). Mice symptomatic to CM were rescue treated with artemether monotherapy (ARM) and in combination with apocynin (ARM + APO) adjunctive based on scores of Rapid Murine Come behavior Scale (RMCBS). After a 30-day survivability period, we performed Barnes maze, T-maze, and novel object recognition cognitive tests to evaluate working and reference memory in all the experimental groups except CM. Sensorimotor tests were conducted in all the cohorts to assess motor coordination. We performed Golgi-Cox staining to illustrate cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) pyramidal neuronal morphology and study overall hippocampal neuronal density changes. Further, expression of NOX2, NeuN (neuronal marker) in hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus was determined using double immunofluorescence experiments in all the experimental groups. Mice administered with ARM monotherapy and APO adjunctive treatment exhibited similar survivability. The latter showed better locomotor and cognitive functions, reduced ROS levels, and hippocampal NOX2 immunoreactivity in ECM. Our results show a substantial increase in hippocampal NeuN immunoreactivity and dendritic arborization in ARM + APO cohorts compared to ARM-treated brain samples. Overall, our study suggests that overexpression of NOX2 could result in loss of hippocampal neuronal density and dendritic spines of CA1 neurons affecting the spatial working and reference memory during ECM. Notably, ARM + APO adjunctive therapy reversed the altered neuronal morphology and oxidative damage in hippocampal neurons restoring long-term cognitive functions after CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India.
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Vodnala S, Bhavani AKD, Pagilla S, Allam M, Rayala N, Mudiraj A, Babu PP. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Studies of Quinazoline-Triazole Hybrid Aza Heterocycles. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Babu D, Mudiraj A, Yadav N, Y B V K C, Panigrahi M, Prakash Babu P. Rabeprazole has efficacy per se and reduces resistance to temozolomide in glioma via EMT inhibition. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:889-905. [PMID: 33948872 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is pivotal in embryonic development and wound healing, whereas in cancer it inflicts malignancy and drug resistance. The recognition of an EMT-like process in glioma is relatively new and its clinical and therapeutic significance has, as yet, not been fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to delineate the clinical significance of the EMT-like process in glioma and its therapeutic relevance to rabeprazole. METHODS We investigated the expression profiles of EMT-associated proteins in primary glioma biopsies through Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, and correlated them with various clinicopathological features and data listed in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). In addition, the anticancer efficacy of rabeprazole and its therapeutic relevance to EMT along with temozolomide chemo-sensitization were assessed using multiple cell-based assays, Western blotting and confocal imaging. For in vivo assessment, we used a stereotaxic C6-rat glioma model. RESULTS Expression analysis of EMT-associated proteins in glioma biopsies, in conjunction with clinicopathological and TCGA dataset analyses, revealed non-canonical expression of E/N-cadherin and upregulation of GFAP, vimentin and β-catenin. The increased expression of EMT-associated proteins may attribute to glioma malignancy and a poor patient prognosis. Subsequent in vitro studies revealed that rabeprazole treatment attenuated glioma cell growth and migration, and induced apoptosis. Rabeprazole suppressed EMT by impeding AKT/GSK3β phosphorylation and/or NF-κB signaling and sensitized temozolomide resistance. Additional in vivo studies showed restricted tumor growth and inhibited expression of EMT-associated proteins after rabeprazole treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed (i) a clinical association of the EMT-like process with glioma malignancy and a poor survival and (ii) an anticancer and temozolomide sensitizing effect of rabeprazole by repressing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Babu
- Neuro Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana State, India
| | - Anwita Mudiraj
- Neuro Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana State, India
| | - Neera Yadav
- Neuro Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana State, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Y B V K
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), 500 003, Secunderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Manas Panigrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), 500 003, Secunderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Neuro Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana State, India.
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Ranjan N, Pandey V, Panigrahi MK, Klumpp L, Naumann U, Babu PP. The Tumor Suppressor MTUS1/ATIP1 Modulates Tumor Promotion in Glioma: Association with Epigenetics and DNA Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061245. [PMID: 33809019 PMCID: PMC7999421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite multidisciplinary treatments, survival remains poor in glioma patients. Although novel therapeutic approaches are being explored, no outstanding effects on the survival have been achieved so far, which substantiates the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. To understand the mechanisms responsible for its high malignancy and obligatory recurrence, we examined the impact of MTUS1, a tumor-suppressor gene (TSG), coding for ATIP1, in glioma malignancy as well as how its expression might influence glioma therapy. We confirmed that in glioma cells, elevated ATIP1 expression damps tumor progression by mitigating proliferation and motility. Additionally, MTUS1/ATIP1 can be used as a biological marker to predict therapy outcomes. In glioma cell lines, glioma sphere cultures (GSC), high-grade glioma (HGG) and especially in glioma recurrence, MTUS1/ATIP1 expression is downregulated, probably by promoter hypermethylation. However, in GBM, high ATIP1 expression might interfere with radiation-therapy since elevated expression of MTUS1/ATIP1 drives double-strand break (DSB) DNA repair. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor. Resistance mechanisms in GBM present an array of challenges to understand its biology and to develop novel therapeutic strategies. We investigated the role of a TSG, MTUS1/ATIP1 in glioma. Glioma specimen, cells and low passage GBM sphere cultures (GSC) were analyzed for MTUS1/ATIP1 expression at the RNA and protein level. Methylation analyses were done by bisulfite sequencing (BSS). The consequence of chemotherapy and irradiation on ATIP1 expression and the influence of different cellular ATIP1 levels on survival was examined in vitro and in vivo. MTUS1/ATIP1 was downregulated in high-grade glioma (HGG), GSC and GBM cells and hypermethylation at the ATIP1 promoter region seems to be at least partially responsible for this downregulation. ATIP1 overexpression significantly reduced glioma progression by mitigating cell motility, proliferation and facilitate cell death. In glioma-bearing mice, elevated MTUS1/ATIP1 expression prolonged their survival. Chemotherapy, as well as irradiation, recovered ATIP1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, ATIP1 overexpression increased irradiation-induced DNA-damage repair, resulting in radio-resistance. Our findings indicate that MTUS1/ATIP1 serves as TSG-regulating gliomagenesis, progression and therapy resistance. In HGG, higher MTUS1/ATIP1 expression might interfere with tumor irradiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Ranjan
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of General Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vimal Pandey
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Manas Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Secunderabad, Telangana 500003, India
| | - Lukas Klumpp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of General Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
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Bele S, Girada SB, Ray A, Gupta A, Oruganti S, Prakash Babu P, Rayalla RS, Kalivendi SV, Ibrahim A, Puri V, Adalla V, Katika MR, DiMarchi R, Mitra P. MS-275, a class 1 histone deacetylase inhibitor augments glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonism to improve glycemic control and reduce obesity in diet-induced obese mice. eLife 2020; 9:52212. [PMID: 33349332 PMCID: PMC7755393 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its glycemic efficacy and ability to reduce the body weight, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism has emerged as a preferred treatment for diabetes associated with obesity. We here report that a small-molecule Class 1 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Entinostat (MS-275) enhances GLP-1R agonism to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decrease body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. MS-275 is not an agonist or allosteric activator of GLP-1R but enhances the sustained receptor-mediated signaling through the modulation of the expression of proteins involved in the signaling pathway. MS-275 and liraglutide combined therapy improved fasting glycemia upon short-term treatment and a chronic administration causes a reduction of obesity in DIO mice. Overall, our results emphasize the therapeutic potential of MS-275 as an adjunct to GLP-1R therapy in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpak Bele
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shravan Babu Girada
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aramita Ray
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, United States
| | - Srinivas Oruganti
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Rahul Sr Rayalla
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- Division of Lipid Chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, United States
| | - Venkateswar Adalla
- Medical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Madhumohan R Katika
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Department, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Richard DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
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12
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Kumar SP, Babu PP. Aberrant Dopamine Receptor Signaling Plays Critical Role in the Impairment of Striatal Neurons in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5069-5083. [PMID: 32833186 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
One-fourth survivors of cerebral malaria (CM) retain long-term cognitive and behavioral deficits. Structural abnormalities in striatum are reported in 80% of children with CM. Dopamine receptors (D1 and D2) are widely expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that regulate critical physiological functions related to behavior and cognition. Dysregulation of dopamine receptors alters the expression of downstream proteins such as dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα), and p25/cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5). However, the role of dopamine receptor signaling dysfunction on the outcome of striatal neuron degeneration is unknown underlying the pathophysiology of CM. Using experimental CM (ECM), the present study attempted to understand the role of aberrant dopamine receptor signaling and its possible relation in causing MSNs morphological impairment. The effect of antimalarial drug artemether (ARM) rescue therapy was also assessed after ECM on the outcome of dopamine receptors downstream signaling. ECM was induced in C57BL/6 mice (male and female) infecting with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) parasite that reiterates the clinical setting of CM. We demonstrated that ECM caused a significant increase in the expression of D1, D2 receptors, phosphorylated DARPP, p25, cdk5, CaMKIIα, and D1-D2 heteromers. A substantial increase in neuronal damage observed in the dorsolateral striatum region of ECM brains (particularly in MSNs) as revealed by increased Fluoro-Jade C staining, reduced dendritic spine density, and impaired dendritic arborization with varicosities. While the ARM rescue therapy significantly altered the effects of ECM induced dopamine receptor signaling dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Overall, our data suggest that dysregulation of dopamine receptor signaling plays an important role in the degeneration of MSNs, and the ARM rescue therapy might provide better insights to develop effective therapeutic strategies for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- Neuroscience Laboratory (F-23/71), Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Neuroscience Laboratory (F-23/71), Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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13
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Teertam SK, Jha S, Prakash Babu P. Up-regulation of Sirt1/miR-149-5p signaling may play a role in resveratrol induced protection against ischemia via p53 in rat brain. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 72:402-411. [PMID: 31866350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Micro-RNA(miRNA) are well studied small noncoding RNA, which plays a diverse role in the regulation of vital elements in cell survival and apoptosis. However, the functional significance of miRNAs after the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke remains unclear. The present study is designed to investigate the regulatory role of miR-149-5p on Sirtuin-1/p53 axis during ischemic-reperfusion-induced injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed by nylon monofilament for 60 min. Resveratrol was administered via intraperitoneal (IP) route, 30 min before the MCAO. Our study demonstrated that the miR-149-5p levels were markedly decreased at 24 h after ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Further, we observed decreased p53 protein expression and increased miR-149-5p activity on sirtuin1 (Sirt1) activation with resveratrol after 24 h following MCAO. Moreover, immunohistochemistry studies found that resveratrol treatment significantly decreased the immunoreactivity of p53 and caspase-3 on activation of Sirt1/miR149-5p axis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-149-5p could play a regulatory role in neuronal cell death via Sirt1/p53 axis, which offers a new target for novel therapeutic interventions during acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sireesh Kumar Teertam
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 TS, India
| | - Shekhar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 TS, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 TS, India.
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14
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Vanka R, Nakka VP, Kumar SP, Baruah UK, Babu PP. Molecular targets in cerebral malaria for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:100-107. [PMID: 32006570 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is the severe neurological complication associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection. In clinical settings CM is predominantly characterized by fever, epileptic seizures, and asexual forms of parasite on blood smears, coma and even death. Cognitive impairment in the children and adults even after survival is one of the striking consequences of CM. Poor diagnosis often leads to inappropriate malaria therapy which in turn progress into a severe form of disease. Activation of multiple cell death pathways such as Inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and disruption of blood brain barrier (BBB) plays critical role in the pathogenesis of CM and secondary brain damage. Thus, understanding such mechanisms of neuronal cell death might help to identify potential molecular targets for CM. Mitigation strategies for mortality rate and long-term cognitive deficits caused by existing anti-malarial drugs still remains a valid research question to ask. In this review, we discuss in detail about critical neuronal cell death mechanisms and the overall significance of adjunctive therapy with recent trends, which provides better insight towards establishing newer therapeutic strategies for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravisankar Vanka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Aditya Pharmacy College, Suramaplem, Gandepalli Mandal, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, 533437, India
| | - Venkata Prasuja Nakka
- Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India
| | - Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Uday Krishna Baruah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu 643001, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
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15
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Sujatha K, Ommi NB, Mudiraj A, Babu PP, Vedula RR. Synthesis of thiazolyl hydrazonothiazolamines and 1,3,4‐thiadiazinyl hydrazonothiazolamines as a class of antimalarial agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900079. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kodam Sujatha
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Warangal Telangana India
| | - Naidu Babu Ommi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Anwita Mudiraj
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life SciencesUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Rajeswar Rao Vedula
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Warangal Telangana India
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16
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Seshadri S, Rapaka N, Prajapati B, Mandaliya D, Patel S, Muggalla CS, Kapadia B, Babu PP, Misra P, Saxena U. Statins exacerbate glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia in a high sucrose fed rodent model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8825. [PMID: 31217552 PMCID: PMC6584635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are first-line therapy drugs for cholesterol lowering. While they are highly effective at lowering cholesterol, they have propensity to induce hyperglycemia in patients. Only limited studies have been reported which studied the impact of statins on (a) whether they can worsen glucose tolerance in a high sucrose fed animal model and (b) if so, what could be the molecular mechanism. We designed studies using high sucrose fed animals to explore the above questions. The high sucrose fed animals were treated with atorvastatin and simvastatin, the two most prescribed statins. We examined the effects of statins on hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, fatty acid accumulation and insulin signaling. We found that chronic treatment with atorvastatin made the animals hyperglycemic and glucose intolerant in comparison with diet alone. Treatment with both statins lead to fatty acid accumulation and inhibition of insulin signaling in the muscle tissue at multiple points in the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naimisha Rapaka
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | | | | | - Sweta Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Christopher Shamir Muggalla
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Bandish Kapadia
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.,Marlene & Stewart Greene Baum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Parimal Misra
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
| | - Uday Saxena
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
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Deshpande RP, Chandrasekhar Y, Babu D, Satish Rao I, Panigrahi M, Babu PP. Brainstem glioma: Clinical significance and prognostic evaluation. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Sujatha K, Deshpande RP, Kesharwani RK, Babu PP, Rao Vedula R. An efficient one-pot expeditious synthesis of 3-phenyl-1-(6-phenyl-7H-[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amines via multicomponent approach. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1537398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kodam Sujatha
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology , Warangal , India
| | - Ravindra Pramod Deshpande
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kesharwani
- Department of Advanced Science & Technology, NIET, Nims University Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Rajeswar Rao Vedula
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology , Warangal , India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Astrocytoma represents most noted malignancy of the brain. The overall survival rate of patients with progressive form remains dismal despite of the present clinical advancements. Search for biomarkers can open new avenues of therapeutic measures to curb the progressive astrocytic tumors. Nck1 is reported to be involved in actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and neuronal migration. Here, we have determined prognostic importance of Nck1 protein in astrocytoma progression. Temporal lobe epilepsy tissues were used as control. METHODS Real time PCR was used to analyze Nck1 transcript expression while western blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to study expression on translational levels. Protein expression in western blots was categorized as Nck1 positive and Nck1 negative. We further seen the prognostic significance of Nck1 in 246 glioblastoma tissue samples as visible from the TCGA database. RESULTS We find Nck1 RNA and protein was upregulated significantly in high grade tissues as compared to low grade and control tissue samples (p < 0.05). Logrank test and Kaplan-Meier analysis signified the use of Nck1 as independent prognostic marker for astrocytoma progression and its expression levels were correlated with poor survival in surgically resected human tissue samples (Chi square = 10.7, p = 0.001). Further, glioblastoma was noticed to be predominant at frontal and temporal lobe. CONCLUSION On account of it's over expression, Nck1 appears as possible biomarker for astrocytoma progression and may serve as an important therapeutic target. Prominent origin of glioblastoma at frontal and temporal lobe suggests possible involvement of tissue specific developmental or transcriptional factors in origin of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pramod Deshpande
- a Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India
| | - Manas Panigrahi
- b Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences , Secunderabad , Telangana State , India
| | | | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- a Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , Telangana State , India
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Deshpande RP, Y B V K C, Panigrahi M, Babu PP. Prognostic Significance of Anatomic Origin and Evaluation of Survival Statistics of Astrocytoma Patients-a Tertiary Experience. Indian J Surg Oncol 2018; 10:55-60. [PMID: 30948873 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-018-0820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytoma constitutes the most noted malignancies of the central nervous system with worse clinical outcomes in grade IV astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme. Owing to poor clinical outcomes with existing therapeutic regime, there is a need to revisit the initial course of treatment. Statistical information of clinicopathological parameters could be used to understand the spread of disease and, in turn, to formulate updated treatment management. In the present study, we have seen anatomic distribution of astrocytoma subtypes in a group of 479 patients and correlated it with survival outcomes. Anatomic location was confirmed by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) images. A registry of patients was maintained with clinicopathological details as tumor type, location, age/sex, and survival after surgery. We have observed overall survival particulars in patients diagnosed with astrocytoma. Our findings highlight that in total cases, tumor location was anatomically dominated by frontal and temporal lobes. Survival analysis in high-grade (grade III, p = 0.03; grade IV, p = 0.01) astrocytic tumors confirms poor outcomes with temporal, parietal, and occipital location as compared to frontal lobe. Overall survival study demonstrates glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) was associated with worse prognosis as compared to astrocytoma subtypes (p < 0.0001). In high-grade astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytoma was found with 34 months of median survival age while 14 months in the case of patients with glioblastoma multiforme. In conclusion, we report dismal prognosis in parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes in grade II, grade III, and grade IV astrocytoma patients. Among astrocytoma subtypes, patients with glioblastoma multiforme were associated with worse survival outcomes. We uniquely feature the survival of astrocytoma patients for the first time and observe GBM patients have slightly longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pramod Deshpande
- 1Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500046 India
| | | | - Manas Panigrahi
- 2Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana State India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- 1Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500046 India
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Deshpande RP, Panigrahi M, Y B V K C, Babu PP. Profiling of microRNAs modulating cytomegalovirus infection in astrocytoma patients. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:1895-1902. [PMID: 30090984 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytoma is recognized as the most common neoplasm of the brain with aggressive progression. The therapeutic regime for glioblastoma, the most aggressive astrocytoma, often consists of aggressive chemo and radiotherapy. The present holistic approaches, however, have failed to influence the quality life of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms of its progression for updated therapeutic evaluation. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is reported to be associated with glioblastoma progression. The hypothesis still remains controversial due to the lack of concrete evidences. Here, we report the profile of miRNAs encoded by human host and the cytomegalovirus (CMV) involved in modulation of CMV infection in surgically resected human astrocytoma tissue samples of various malignancy grades (n = 24). Total RNA from the control brain and tumor tissues was extracted by TriZol reagent. The expression levels of the mature form of miRNA were detected by real-time PCR. Primarily, we found the upregulation of miR-210-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-UL-112-3p, miR-183-5p, and miR-223-5p in high-grade astrocytic tumors as compared with low-grade tumor tissues. miR-214-3p is significantly expressed in control brain tissues and its expression decreased with astrocytoma grade progression. This miRNA was reported to be associated with antiviral proprieties. Among CMV-encoded miRNA, miR-UL-112-3p was significantly upregulated in glioblastoma tissue samples and may be involved in providing immune escape to the virus as well as involved in modulating the immune microenvironment of glioblastoma. Taken together, we conclude the possible involvement of miRNAs in modulating the CMV dependent astrocytoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pramod Deshpande
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500046, India
| | - Manas Panigrahi
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana State, India
| | | | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500046, India.
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Allam M, Bhavani A, Mudiraj A, Ranjan N, Thippana M, Babu PP. Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-ones tethered to 1,2,3-triazoles and their evaluation as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Behera S, Kapadia B, Kain V, Alamuru-Yellapragada NP, Murunikkara V, Kumar ST, Babu PP, Seshadri S, Shivarudraiah P, Hiriyan J, Gangula NR, Maddika S, Misra P, Parsa KV. ERK1/2 activated PHLPP1 induces skeletal muscle ER stress through the inhibition of a novel substrate AMPK. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1702-1716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Vanka R, Kuppusamy G, Praveen Kumar S, Baruah UK, Karri VVSR, Pandey V, Babu PP. Ameliorating the in vivo antimalarial efficacy of artemether using nanostructured lipid carriers. J Microencapsul 2018; 35:121-136. [PMID: 29448884 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2018.1441915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a fatal neurological complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection that affects children (below five years old) in sub-Saharan Africa and adults in South-East Asia each year having the fatality rate of 10-25%. The survivors of CM also have high risk of long term neurological or cognitive deficits. The objective of the present investigation was to develop optimised nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of artemether (ARM) for enhanced anti-malarial efficacy of ARM. NLCs of ARM were prepared by a combination of high speed homogenisation (HSH) and probe sonication techniques. Preliminary solubility studies for ARM showed highest solubility in trimyristin (solid lipid), capmul MCM NF (liquid lipid) and polysorbate 80 (surfactant). Trimyristin and capmul showed superior miscibility at a ratio of 70:30.The optimised NLC formulation has the particle size (PS) of: 48.59 ± 3.67 nm, zeta potential (ZP) of: -32 ± 1.63 mV and entrapment efficiency (EE) of: 91 ± 3.62%. In vitro cell line (human embryonic kidney fibroblast cell line (HEK 293 T)) cytotoxicity studies showed that prepared formulation was non-toxic. The results of in vivo studies in CM induced mice prevented the recrudescence of parasite after administration of NLCs of ARM. Additionally, NLCs of ARM showed better parasite clearance, higher survival (60%) in comparison to ARM solution (40%). Also it was observed that lesser entrapment of Evans blue stain (prepared in PBS as solution) in the NLCs of ARM treated brains of C57BL/6 mice than ARM solution treated mice. Hence NLCs of ARM may be a better alternative for improving therapeutic efficacy than ARM solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravisankar Vanka
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty , Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Mysuru , India
| | - Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty , Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Mysuru , India
| | - Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- b Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , Telangana , India
| | - Uday Krishna Baruah
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty , Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Mysuru , India
| | | | - Vimal Pandey
- b Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , Telangana , India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- b Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , Telangana , India
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Baruah UK, Gowthamarajan K, Ravisankar V, Karri VVSR, Simhadri PK, Singh V, Babu PP. Design, characterization and antimalarial efficacy of PEGylated galactosylated nano lipid carriers of primaquine phosphate. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2017; 46:1809-1829. [PMID: 29087218 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1394870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to design and optimize primaquine phosphate (PQ) loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) using response surface methodology. The optimized NLCs were evaluated for various physical and morphological characterizations. The in vitro studies for drug release showed that PQ loaded NLCs had a sustained release up to 72 h and the stability studies confirmed that the PQ-NLCs were stable for 90 d at 4 °C and 25 °C. In vitro erythrocyte toxicity revealed that PQ-NLCs were less toxic than the pure drug. In vitro parasite growth inhibition assay showed an IC50 value of 71.11 ± 6.47 ng/ml for the 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum (CQ sensitive) strain and 263.86 ± 5.68 ng/ml for RKL9 P. falciparum (CQ resistant) strain for the PQ-NLCs. Enhanced parasitaemia suppression of 99.46% at 2 mg/kg/d, a better suppression of parasitaemia of about 28% more than pure drug and a higher survivality rate of 66.66% even after the 35th day was observed for the PQ loaded NLCs. Also from the comparative fluorescent imaging study, it was clearly observed that accumulation of PQ-NLCs in the liver was more that of the pure drug. These results clearly indicated that the limitations of antimalarial drug PQ can be overcomed by loading it into the NLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Krishna Baruah
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Ootacamund , India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Ootacamund , India
| | - Vanka Ravisankar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Ootacamund , India
| | | | - Praveen Kumar Simhadri
- b Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- c National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR) , Dwarka , India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- b Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
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Apoorv TS, Karthik C, Babu PP. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is decreased in the mouse brain during experimental cerebral malaria. Neurosci Lett 2017; 662:290-294. [PMID: 29107705 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe form of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and P.vivax. CM affects the brain leading to coma and is the leading cause of death in malaria patients. The enzyme, adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), is an important metabolic sensor that helps in maintaining energy homeostasis during normal physiological as well as pathological conditions. In the present study, we studied the status of AMPK in the mouse model of CM. The C57BL/6 mice infected by rodent-specific P.berghei ANKA were used for the study. We found a statistically significant reduction in the gene expressions of Prkaa1 (α1 subunit) and Prkaa2 (α2 subunit) in the brains of CM mice compared to uninfected control. Also, there was a statistically significant reduction in the ratio of phospho-AMPK/AMPK protein levels in CM compared to uninfected control. There was no statistically significant decrease in phospho-ACC/ACC ratio in the brain compared to control. As AMPK is downregulated in CM, there is a possible involvement in neuronal cell death during CM pathogenesis, and therefore we feel that novel AMPK activating drugs might be helpful as an adjunctive therapy for conferring neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thittayil Suresh Apoorv
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana State, India
| | - Chintanuri Karthik
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana State, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana State, India.
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Simhadri PK, Malwade R, Vanka R, Nakka VP, Kuppusamy G, Babu PP. Dysregulation of LIMK-1/cofilin-1 pathway: A possible basis for alteration of neuronal morphology in experimental cerebral malaria. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:429-443. [PMID: 28843047 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of cognition even after survival is the salient feature of cerebral malaria (CM). Currently, the fate of neuronal morphology is not studied at the ultrastructural level in CM. Recent studies suggest that maintenance of neuronal morphology and dendritic spine density (actin dynamics in particular) are essential for proper cognitive function. LIMK-1/cofilin-1 signaling pathway is known to be involved in the maintenance of actin dynamics through regulation of cofilin-1, and in executing learning and memory functions. METHODS Using an experimental mouse model, we analyzed the behavioral parameters of asymptomatic mice with CM by performing a rapid murine coma and behavior scale experiment. We performed Golgi-Cox staining to assess neuronal morphology, dendritic spine density, and arborization in brain cortex subjected to Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection compared to asymptomatic, anemic, and control groups. We studied the neural gene expression pattern of LIMK-1, cofilin-1, and β-actin in all the experimental groups by semiquantitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction followed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS We observed significant loss of dendritic spine density, abnormal spine morphology, reduced dendritic arborization, and extensive dendritic varicosities in the cortical neurons of CM-infected brain. Furthermore, these observations correlated with diminished protein levels of LIMK-1, cofilin-1, phospho-cofilin-1, and β-actin in the whole brain lysates as well as formation of actin-cofilin rods in the brain sections of symptomatic mice with CM. INTERPRETATION Overall, our findings suggest that the altered neuronal morphology and dysregulation of LIMK-1/cofilin-1 pathway could affect the cognitive outcome after experimental CM. Therefore, this study could help to establish newer therapeutic strategies addressing long-term cognitive impairment after CM. Ann Neurol 2017;82:429-443.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Simhadri
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | - Ruchi Malwade
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | - Ravisankar Vanka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkata Prasuja Nakka
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | | | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana
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Deshpande RP, Babu PP. pDok2, caspase 3 dependent glioma cell growth arrest by nitidine chloride. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:48-54. [PMID: 29329030 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitidine chloride (NC) is known to exert anticancer and anti-metastatic effects on a variety of tumors. Recently, NC has also been shown to inhibit PIK3/AKT/mTOR axis in U87 human glioma cells. METHODS The study shows NC employing pDok2, caspase 3 dependent cell death in C6 rat glioma and U87 human malignant glioblastoma cells. The effect of NC on glioblastoma cell lines was accessed by MTT, clonogenic and wound healing assays. Cell cycle analysis was performed by FACS. Moreover, the effect of NC on downstream target proteins, such as caspase3, pDok2, PARP, and Gsk3 beta, were measured by western blotting. RESULTS Overexpressed pDok2 protein has recently been reported as a prognostic marker with poor outcomes for human glioblastoma multiformae. We found that NC inhibits pDok2 in U87 cells in a concentration-dependent way. We further showed that cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3 protein expressions were increased in C6 cells treated with NC in a dose-dependent way. NC effectively attenuated C6 cells growth and colony formation at 8μM (micromoles) concentration. Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase was further confirmed by flow cytometry. NC also exhibited its inhibitory effect on Gsk3 beta, which has been proven to be altered in glioma biology. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we predicted that NC could be employed as a potential anti-glioma mediator that needs attention to explore the mechanisms of its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pramod Deshpande
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India.
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India.
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Naveen B, Ommi NB, Mudiraj A, Mallikarjuna T, Babu PP, Nagarajan R. Total Synthesis of Penicinoline E, Marinamide, Methyl Marinamide and their Antimalarial Activity. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Badher Naveen
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad - 500046 India
| | - Naidu Babu Ommi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad - 500046 India
| | - Anwita Mudiraj
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad - 500046 India
| | - Thippana Mallikarjuna
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad - 500046 India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad; Hyderabad - 500046 India
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Talari M, Nayak TKS, Kain V, Babu PP, Misra P, Parsa KVL. MicroRNA-712 restrains macrophage pro-inflammatory responses by targeting LRRK2 leading to restoration of insulin stimulated glucose uptake by myoblasts. Mol Immunol 2016; 82:1-9. [PMID: 27992764 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases such as insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases etc., are shown to be caused due to imbalanced activation states of macrophages. MicroRNAs which are transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression drive several pathophysiological processes including macrophage polarization. However the functional role of microRNAs in regulating inflammation induced insulin resistance is ill defined. In our current study we observed that the expression of miR-712 was reduced in macrophages exposed to LPS and IFN-γ. Ectopic expression of miR-712 in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages impaired the expression of iNOS protein and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-β which in turn led to improved insulin stimulated glucose uptake in co-cultured L6 myoblasts. Mechanistically, we identified that miR-712 targets the 3'UTR of a potent inflammatory gene LRRK2 and dampens the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 kinases. Taken together, our data underscore the regulatory role of miR-712 in restoring insulin stimulated glucose uptake by myoblasts through down-regulating macrophage mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Talari
- Department of Biology, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Singh Nayak
- Department of Biology, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Department of Biology, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Parimal Misra
- Department of Biology, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kishore V L Parsa
- Department of Biology, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Deshpande RP, Chandra Sekhar YBVK, Panigrahi M, Babu PP. Region-Specific Dok2 Overexpression Associates with Poor Prognosis in Human Astrocytoma. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:402-408. [PMID: 27975172 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytoma is the most frequent malignancies of the brain. Despite present clinical advancements, median survival time in malignant forms remains poor. Downstream of kinase protein 2 (Dok2) is adaptor protein known to modulate the effect of tyrosine kinase. Previously, Dok2 is shown to be marker of poor prognosis in colorectal and gastric cancer, and reduced levels of Dok2 were reported in lung adenocarcinoma and gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prognostic significance of pDok2 expression in surgically resected astrocytoma tissue samples. In the present study, 47 numbers of tissue samples were collected from patients who underwent surgery for astrocytoma. Temporal lobe epilepsy tissues were used as control. Real-time PCR was used to study transcript expression while protein expression was studied by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The pDok2 expression was categorized as pDok2 positive and pDok2 negative on the basis of intensity of protein expression. This observation was confirmed by two independent pathologists. Control and few GII tissues were used as reference on account for low expression of pDok2 protein. Basic information of patients as anatomic origin of tumor and follow-up details were retrieved from hospital registry. Kaplan-Meier test was used to analyze the association of pDok2 expression and survival outcome in clinical cases. Real-time PCR signifies pDok2 is overexpressed in high-grade (GIII + GIV) tissue samples compared with low-grade (GII) and control brain tissue samples (p < 0.005). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis signifies overexpression of pDok2 protein expression in tumor tissue samples as compared with control brain tissues. Clinico-pathological analysis reveals 83% of high-grade astrocytoma (GIII + GIV) and 30% of low-grade (GII) tissue samples which were detected with pDok2 expression. Tumor location was found to be predominant at the frontal and temporal lobes. Survival studies underline prognostic importance of pDok2 protein. Median survival of 20 months was reported with patients with positive pDok2 expression (95% CI 0.083 to 0.49). Taken together, pDok2 protein overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in astrocytoma clinical cases and appears to be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Noticeable anatomic origin at the frontal and temporal lobe suggests site-specific role of developmental factors in tumor occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pramod Deshpande
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500046, India
| | - Y B V K Chandra Sekhar
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Secunderabad, Telangana State, 500003, India
| | - Manas Panigrahi
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Secunderabad, Telangana State, 500003, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500046, India.
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Deshpande RP, Chandra Sekhar YBVK, Panigrahi M, Babu PP. SIRP Alpha Protein Downregulates in Human Astrocytoma: Presumptive Involvement of Hsa-miR-520d-5p and Hsa-miR-520d-3p. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:8162-8169. [PMID: 27900675 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytomas are the most common brain tumors with poor survival in malignant forms. Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRP alpha) is a transmembrane protein expressed on immune cells and macrophages and is reported to modulate tumor cell phagocytosis. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of miR-520d-5p and miR-520d-3p in regulation of SIRP alpha expression. Here, we report mRNA and protein expression profile of SIRP alpha in 39 surgically resected human astrocytoma tissue samples and 14 control brain tissue samples. Transcript expression pattern was studied by real-time PCR while Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate protein expression. Expression profile of miR-520d-5p and miR-520d-3p was studied by real-time PCR. Computational prediction was employed to analyze the binding of miR-520d-5p and miR-520d-3p for SIRP alpha mRNA. It is evident from preliminary investigation that SIRP alpha transcripts are expressed in control brain tissues, increased in low-grade (grade II) tumor tissues, and decreased with further grade progression (P < 0.05). SIRP alpha protein was moderately expressed in control brain tissues but under-expressed in low- and high-grade tissue samples (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry results further confirmed Western blot outcomes. Computational prediction supplemented with 3' and 5'UTR targeting analysis and correlation studies reveals that hsa-miR-520d-5p (P = 0.028, R 2 = 0.94) (95 % CI 0.15 to 0.99) and hsa-miR-520d-3p (P = 0.027, R 2 = 0.94) (95% CI 0.17 to 0.99) may be the putative microRNAs involved in regulation of SIRP alpha protein expression. Real-time PCR expression profile depicts that mature form of both miRNAs is significantly overexpressed in low-grade (GII) tumor tissue samples compared to control and high-grade (GIII and GIV) tissue samples. MiR-520d-5p and miR-520d-3p were found with expression pattern similar to SIRP alpha transcripts. We show that SIRP alpha protein is under-expressed in low and high grades of astrocytoma patients' tissue samples. Control brain tissues were found to be positive with SIRP alpha protein expression. Real-time PCR expression analysis confirms that miR-520d-5p and miR-520d-3p expression levels were significantly correlated with SIRP alpha transcripts in control, low-grade, and high-grade tissue samples. Computational prediction further evidenced for binding sites of these miRNAs on 3' and 5'UTR of SIRP alpha transcripts. Taken together, we predict that miR-520d-5p and miR-520d-3p may be having role in the regulation of under-expressed SIRP alpha protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pramod Deshpande
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | | | - Manas Panigrahi
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500003, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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Apoorv TS, Babu PP. Minocycline prevents cerebral malaria, confers neuroprotection and increases survivability of mice during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Cytokine 2016; 90:113-123. [PMID: 27865203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a neurological complication arising due to Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax infection. Minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline, has been earlier reported to have a neuroprotective role in several neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of minocycline treatment on the survivability of mice during experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). The currently accepted mouse model, C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, was used for the study. Infected mice were treated with an intra-peritoneal dose of minocycline hydrochloride, 45mg/kg daily for ten days that led to parasite clearance in blood, brain, liver and spleen on 7th day post-infection; and the mice survived until experiment ended (90days) without parasite recrudescence. Evans blue extravasation assay showed that blood-brain barrier integrity was maintained by minocycline. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha protein level and caspase activity, which is related to CM pathogenesis, was significantly reduced in the minocycline-treated group. Fluoro-Jade® C and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the brains of minocycline group revealed a decrease in degenerating neurons and absence of hemorrhages respectively. Minocycline treatment led to decrease in gene expressions of inflammatory mediators like interferon-gamma, CXCL10, CCL5, CCL2; receptors CXCR3 and CCR2; and hence decrease in T-cell-mediated cerebral inflammation. We also proved that this reduction in gene expressions is irrespective of the anti-parasitic property of minocycline. The distinct ability of minocycline to modulate gene expressions of CXCL10 and CXCR3 makes it effective than doxycycline, a tetracycline used as chemoprophylaxis. Our study shows that minocycline is highly effective in conferring neuroprotection during ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thittayil Suresh Apoorv
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana State, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana State, India.
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Naveen B, Mudiraj A, Khamushavalli G, Babu PP, Nagarajan R. Concise total synthesis of water soluble metatacarboline A, C, D, E and F and its anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 113:167-78. [PMID: 26927685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The simple, concise, protecting group free and first total synthesis of Metatacarboline alkaloids (abbreviated as Mc) Mc A, C, D, E and F are reported. The core structure of metatacarboline alkaloids has been constructed by the classical Wittig reaction as key step from easily accessible starting materials with 40-75% overall yields. These synthesized compounds have been subjected to evaluate for their anticancer activity using C6 glioma cell lines. Mc D and Mc F showed significant antiproliferative activity, which was confirmed by MTT and Clonogenic assay. FACS analysis showed that Mc D and Mc F arrested the cell cycle at sub G0/G1 and G2/M phase of cell cycle respectively. Further, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry of Mc D treated cells revealed activation of caspase dependent downstream signaling which led to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badher Naveen
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Anwita Mudiraj
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India; Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Geeviman Khamushavalli
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500 046, India
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Prakash Babu P, Noble Kumar T, Manas P, Sailaja M. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling pathway is activated and involved in tumor progression of human meningioma. Front Cell Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fncel.2016.36.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pandey V, Bhaskara VK, Babu PP. Implications of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in glioma. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:114-27. [PMID: 26509338 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. Gliomas originate from astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neural stem cells or their precursors. According to WHO classification, gliomas are classified into four different malignant grades ranging from grade I to grade IV based on histopathological features and related molecular aberrations. The induction and maintenance of these tumors can be attributed largely to aberrant signaling networks. In this regard, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) network has been widely studied and is reported to be severely altered in glial tumors. Mutations in MAPK pathways most frequently affect RAS and B-RAF in the ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 pathways leading to malignant transformation. Also, it is linked to both inherited and sequential accumulations of mutations that control receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-activated signal transduction pathways, cell cycle growth arrest pathways, and nonresponsive cell death pathways. Genetic alterations that modulate RTK signaling can also alter several downstream pathways, including RAS-mediated MAP kinases along with JNK pathways, which ultimately regulate cell proliferation and cell death. The present review focuses on recent literature regarding important deregulations in the RTK-activated MAPK pathway during gliomagenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Pandey
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - Vasantha Kumar Bhaskara
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, AP, India
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Apoorv TS, Babu PP, Meese S, Gai PP, Bedu-Addo G, Mockenhaupt FP. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 polymorphism 1562 C > T (rs3918242) associated with protection against placental malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:186-8. [PMID: 26013370 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis of malaria pigment (hemozoin) induces increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, an endopeptidase involved in cytokine regulation. In this study, we examined whether a common functional MMP-9 promoter polymorphism (rs3918242) affects Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnancy. Eighteen percent of Ghanaian primiparae carried the minor T allele. It was associated with reduced odds of placental hemozoin and of placental as well as peripheral blood parasitemia. The results indicate that a common MMP-9 polymorphism protects against placental malaria indicating that this endopeptidase is involved in susceptibility to P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thittayil Suresh Apoorv
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Medicine, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Medicine, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stefanie Meese
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Medicine, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Prabhanjan P Gai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Medicine, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - George Bedu-Addo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Medicine, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Medicine, Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Kapadia B, Viswakarma N, Parsa KVL, Kain V, Behera S, Suraj SK, Babu PP, Kar A, Panda S, Zhu YJ, Jia Y, Thimmapaya B, Reddy JK, Misra P. ERK2-mediated phosphorylation of transcriptional coactivator binding protein PIMT/NCoA6IP at Ser298 augments hepatic gluconeogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83787. [PMID: 24358311 PMCID: PMC3866170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PRIP-Interacting protein with methyl transferase domain (PIMT) serves as a molecular bridge between CREB-binding protein (CBP)/ E1A binding protein p300 (Ep300) -anchored histone acetyl transferase and the Mediator complex sub-unit1 (Med1) and modulates nuclear receptor transcription. Here, we report that ERK2 phosphorylates PIMT at Ser(298) and enhances its ability to activate PEPCK promoter. We observed that PIMT is recruited to PEPCK promoter and adenoviral-mediated over-expression of PIMT in rat primary hepatocytes up-regulated expression of gluconeogenic genes including PEPCK. Reporter experiments with phosphomimetic PIMT mutant (PIMT(S298D)) suggested that conformational change may play an important role in PIMT-dependent PEPCK promoter activity. Overexpression of PIMT and Med1 together augmented hepatic glucose output in an additive manner. Importantly, expression of gluconeogenic genes and hepatic glucose output were suppressed in isolated liver specific PIMT knockout mouse hepatocytes. Furthermore, consistent with reporter experiments, PIMT(S298D) but not PIMT(S298A) augmented hepatic glucose output via up-regulating the expression of gluconeogenic genes. Pharmacological blockade of MAPK/ERK pathway using U0126, abolished PIMT/Med1-dependent gluconeogenic program leading to reduced hepatic glucose output. Further, systemic administration of T4 hormone to rats activated ERK1/2 resulting in enhanced PIMT ser(298) phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of PIMT led to its increased binding to the PEPCK promoter, increased PEPCK expression and induction of gluconeogenesis in liver. Thus, ERK2-mediated phosphorylation of PIMT at Ser(298) is essential in hepatic gluconeogenesis, demonstrating an important role of PIMT in the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandish Kapadia
- Department of Biology, Dr Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, An Associate Institute of University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Biology, Dr Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, An Associate Institute of University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kishore V. L. Parsa
- Department of Biology, Dr Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, An Associate Institute of University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Department of Biology, Dr Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, An Associate Institute of University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Soma Behera
- Department of Biology, Dr Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, An Associate Institute of University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sashidhara Kaimal Suraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Kar
- Department of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sunanda Panda
- Department of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Yi-jun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yuzhi Jia
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bayar Thimmapaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Janardan K. Reddy
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PM); (JKR)
| | - Parimal Misra
- Department of Biology, Dr Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, An Associate Institute of University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
- * E-mail: (PM); (JKR)
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Sareddy GR, Kesanakurti D, Kirti PB, Babu PP. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac and celecoxib attenuates Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway in human glioblastoma cells. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2313-22. [PMID: 24013885 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors, carry a bleak prognosis and often recur even after standard treatment modalities. Emerging evidence suggests that deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway contributes to glioblastoma progression. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit tumor cell proliferation by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf signaling in various human malignancies. In this study, we sought to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf signaling in glioblastoma cells by the NSAIDs diclofenac and celecoxib. Both diclofenac and celecoxib significantly reduced the proliferation, colony formation and migration of human glioblastoma cells. Diclofenac and celecoxib downregulated β-catenin/Tcf reporter activity. Western and qRT-PCR analysis showed that diclofenac and celecoxib reduced the expression of β-catenin target genes Axin2, cyclin D1 and c-Myc. In addition, the cytoplasmic accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin was significantly reduced following diclofenac and celecoxib treatment. Furthermore, diclofenac and celecoxib significantly increased phosphorylation of β-catenin and reduced the phosphorylation of GSK3β. These results clearly indicated that diclofenac and celecoxib are potential therapeutic agents against glioblastoma cells that act by suppressing the activation of Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara Reddy Sareddy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Anand SS, Babu PP. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and neurodegeneration in experimental cerebral malaria. Neurosignals 2012; 21:99-111. [PMID: 22584375 DOI: 10.1159/000336970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) resulting from Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in mice results in neuronal cell death. However, the precise mechanisms leading to neuronal cell death in ECM have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we report the presence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the brain during the pathogenesis of ECM. Specific findings included activation of PKR-like ERkinase, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 and cleavage of activating transcription factor (ATF) 6 indicating the activation of all three major arms of the UPR. Further, we found changes in the protein levels of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor α (p-eIF2α), ATF4, growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34, B cell lymphoma protein 2 (BCL-2), BCL-2-associated X protein, caspase-7, cleavage of caspase-3, and caspase-12. Our results demonstrate that ER stress-induced neuronal cell death in PbA-infected mice is associated with the expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule CHOP and downregulation of anti-apoptotic ER quality control molecules binding immunoglobulin protein, calreticulin and calnexin. Further CHOP was found to be localized in neurons and plays an essential role in neuronal cell death as revealed by our Fluoro-Jade B double staining. These results implicate an imbalance between ER stress-mediated pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic/survival signalling as a critical determinant of neuronal cell death in ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripada Santosh Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Sareddy GR, Geeviman K, Panigrahi M, Challa S, Mahadevan A, Babu PP. Increased β-catenin/Tcf signaling in pilocytic astrocytomas: a comparative study to distinguish pilocytic astrocytomas from low-grade diffuse astrocytomas. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:96-104. [PMID: 21922255 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although pilocytic and diffuse grade II astrocytomas considered as low-grade tumors, the distinction between them is still a major clinical problem. Previously we reported the activation of Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway in diffuse astrocytomas, however its role in pilocytic astrocytomas is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf pathway in pilocytic astrocytomas and compared with diffuse astrocytomas. We observed the differential expression of β-catenin, Tcf4, Lef1 and c-Myc in astrocytomas particularly higher levels were observed in pilocytic astrocytomas and GBM while very little expression was documented in grade II tumors. Further, immunohistochemical analysis revealed the strong positivity of β-catenin, Tcf4, Lef1 and c-Myc in pilocytic astrocytomas than that of grade II tumors and also exhibited the strong positivity in vascular endothelial cells of pilocytic astrocytomas and GBM. Hence, Wnt/β-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway is differentially expressed in astrocytomas, activation of this pathway might be helpful in separating pilocytic astrocytomas from low-grade diffuse astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara Reddy Sareddy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Sareddy GR, Geeviman K, Ramulu C, Babu PP. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib suppresses the growth and induces apoptosis of human glioblastoma cells via the NF-κB pathway. J Neurooncol 2011; 106:99-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Infiltration of leukocytes into post-ischemic cerebrum is a well-described phenomenon in stroke injury. Because CD-8(+) T-lymphocytes secrete cytotoxic proteases, including granzyme-b (Gra-b) that exacerbates post-ischemic brain damage, we investigated roles of Gra-b in human stroke. To study the role of Gra-b in stroke, ischemic and non-ischemic tissues (from post-mortem stroke patients) were analyzed using immunoblotting, co-immunoprecipitation, terminal deoxy uridine nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Annexin-V immunostaining, and in vitro neuron survival assays. Activated CG-SH cells and supernatants were used to model leukocyte-dependent injury. Non-ischemic brain tissues were used as non-pathological controls. Non-activated CG-SH cells and supernatants were used as controls for in vitro experiments. Human stroke (ischemic) samples contained significantly higher levels of Gra-b and interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10/CXCL10) than non-ischemic controls. In stroke, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and heat shock protein-70 were cleaved to canonical proteolytic "signature" fragments by Gra-b. Gra-b was also found to bind to Bid and caspase-3. Gra-b also co-localized with Annexin-V(+) /TUNEL(+) in degenerating neurons. Importantly, Gra-b inhibition protected both normal and ischemia-reperfused neurons against in vitro neurotoxicity mediated by activated CG-SH cells and supernatants. These results suggest that increased leukocyte infiltration and elevated Gra-b levels in the post-stroke brain can induce contact-dependent and independent post-ischemic neuronal death to aggravate stroke injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganta Vijay Chaitanya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, La, USA
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Chaitanya GV, Steven AJ, Babu PP. PARP-1 cleavage fragments: signatures of cell-death proteases in neurodegeneration. Cell Commun Signal 2010; 8:31. [PMID: 21176168 PMCID: PMC3022541 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-8-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal function of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the routine repair of DNA damage by adding poly (ADP ribose) polymers in response to a variety of cellular stresses. Recently, it has become widely appreciated that PARP-1 also participates in diverse physiological and pathological functions from cell survival to several forms of cell death and has been implicated in gene transcription, immune responses, inflammation, learning, memory, synaptic functions, angiogenesis and aging. In the CNS, PARP inhibition attenuates injury in pathologies like cerebral ischemia, trauma and excitotoxicity demonstrating a central role of PARP-1 in these pathologies. PARP-1 is also a preferred substrate for several 'suicidal' proteases and the proteolytic action of suicidal proteases (caspases, calpains, cathepsins, granzymes and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)) on PARP-1 produces several specific proteolytic cleavage fragments with different molecular weights. These PARP-1 signature fragments are recognized biomarkers for specific patterns of protease activity in unique cell death programs. This review focuses on specific suicidal proteases active towards PARP-1 to generate signature PARP-1 fragments that can identify key proteases and particular forms of cell death involved in pathophysiology. The roles played by some of the PARP-1 fragments and their associated binding partners in the control of different forms of cell death are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganta Vijay Chaitanya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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Anand SS, Babu PP. c-Jun N terminal kinases (JNK) are activated in the brain during the pathology of experimental cerebral malaria. Neurosci Lett 2010; 488:118-22. [PMID: 21073918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) resulting from Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in C57BL/6J mice manifests cell death in the brain. However, the precise molecular and biochemical mechanisms regulating cell death during ECM remains unknown. In this study we have examined, the role of a stress activated protein kinase called c-Jun N terminal kinase during the pathology of ECM. We report in this study, for the first time the activation of all key elements in the JNK pathway like p-MKK4, p-JNK and p-c-Jun in mouse brain during ECM. Concomitant with such activation was the up regulation of p-JNK and its translocation into the nucleus leading to the phosphorylation of its major substrate c-Jun. These observations show the neuronal induction of p-JNK and its critical role as a mediator in neuronal cell death during ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripada Santosh Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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Srilaxmi P, Sareddy GR, Kavi Kishor PB, Setty OH, Babu PP. Protective efficacy of natansnin, a dibenzoyl glycoside from Salvinia natans against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and cellular degeneration in rat liver. BMC Pharmacol 2010; 10:13. [PMID: 20939865 PMCID: PMC2967507 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-10-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon tetra chloride (CCl4), an industrial solvent, is a hepatotoxic agent and it is the well established animal model for free radical-induced liver injury. The present investigation was carried out to establish the protective effect of natansnin, a novel dibenzoyl glycoside from Salvinia natans against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and cellular degeneration in rat liver. Results CCl4 significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxides, oxidized glutathione and decreased the levels of reduced glutathione, SOD and CAT. CCl4 induce marked histopathological changes and increase in the levels of apoptotic proteins. CCl4 treatment significantly increased the levels of apoptotic proteins such as caspases-3, PARP, Bax, Bid and cytochrome C and also increased the levels of inflammatory mediators iNos and Cox-2. Natansnin treatment significantly decreased the levels of CCl4 induced apoptotic proteins and inflammatory mediators. Further natansinin treatment significantly inhibited the CCl4 induced apoptosis which was evident form the reduced TUNEL positive cells. Conclusions In conclusion, our study demonstrated the protective effect of natansnin against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and cellular degeneration in rat liver tissue. This protective effect of natansnin can be correlated to its direct antioxidant effect.
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Polisetti N, Chaitanya VG, Babu PP, Vemuganti GK. Isolation, characterization and differentiation potential of rat bone marrow stromal cells. Neurol India 2010; 58:201-8. [PMID: 20508336 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.63789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal cells have been identified as a source of pluripotent stem cells with varying degrees of plasticity in humans. However, there are a few reports on rat-derived cells, which could be good models for the research purpose. We describe here a simple method of establishing the rat bone marrow stromal cells by the principle of adhesion and document their phenotype along with their differentiation potential to other lineages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat bone marrow stromal cells were isolated by three methods: direct plastic adherence, ficoll hypaque separation and a combination of both. The stromal cells obtained by these methods were characterized by fluorescent activating cell sorting (FACS) for established hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic markers. The cells obtained by combination method (combination of ficoll density gradient centrifugation and plastic adherence) were cultured and serially passaged. Transcriptional confirmation was done by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for vimentin and collagen type 1 alpha 1. Attempts were made to differentiate the marrow stromal cells into adipocytes, osteocytes and neuronal like cells. RESULTS Bone marrow samples from 10 rats yielded 4-5 million bone marrow mononuclear cells /ml per femur. Of the three methods tested, a combination method yielded good growth of spindle cells. The cells obtained by combined method showed high percentage of positivity for vimentin, fibronectin and CD90 and negative for hematopoietic markers. Further, RT-PCR confirmed vimentin and collagen type - 1 alpha 1 expression. Oil red O staining and Alizarin red staining confirmed adipocytic and osteogenic differentiation. On immunocytochemical analysis, the cells expressed nestin, beta-tubulin III, neurofilament and synaptophysin. CONCLUSION Adequate quantities of rat marrow stromal cell cultures can be established by a simple method based on adhesion properties. Their phenotypic characteristics and plasticity support the evidence that they are mesenchymal stem cells with a distinct tendency for neural lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Polisetti
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
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Bhaskara VK, Challa S, Panigrahi M, Babu PP. Differential PARP cleavage: an indication for existence of multiple forms of cell death in human gliomas. Neurol India 2009; 57:264-8. [PMID: 19587465 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.53265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas represent a diverse range of clinical presentation, histological differentiation, and response to therapy. Altered cell proliferation and cell death signals in gliomas are of great interest to elucidate the key molecules involved and to find effective treatment modalities. By considering the role of different proteases in correlation with differential poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) fragmentation we have studied the pattern of cell death in human glioma tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, five different human glioma biopsies were collected and analyzed for the PARP cleavage pattern by using western immunoblotting. Samples were also analyzed for pro-caspase 3, calpain I (micro) and II (m), granzyme-B and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Parallel sections of histologically confirmed astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were used for immunohistochemical analysis of cleaved caspase-3, granzyme B, AIF and cyclo-oxygenase -2 (cox-2). RESULTS We found PARP fragmentation, along with usual approximately 89 kDa and approximately 24 kDa fragments, into other fragments of different molecular weights. Caspase mediated cell death may lead to appearance of larger approximately 89 kDa fragment and smaller approximately 24 kDa fragment indicating existence of apoptosis in the tumors. However, other fragments corresponding to approximately 64 kDa, approximately 54 kDa, and approximately 40 kDa were observed concomitantly in all glial tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results may indicate, not only apoptosis and necrosis, but there occurs the co-existence of intermediate cell death pathways in human glial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasantha Kumar Bhaskara
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, AP, India
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Kesanakurti D, Sareddy GR, Babu PP, Kirti PB. Mustard NPR1, a mammalian IkappaB homologue inhibits NF-kappaB activation in human GBM cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:427-33. [PMID: 19766095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NF-kappaB activity is tightly regulated by IkappaB class of proteins. IkappaB proteins possess ankyrin repeats for binding to and inhibiting NF-kappaB. The regulatory protein, NPR1 from Brassica juncea possesses ankyrin repeats with sequence similarity to IkappaBalpha subgroup. Therefore, we examined whether stably expressed BjNPR1 could function as IkappaB in inhibiting NF-kappaB in human glioblastoma cell lines. We observed that BjNPR1 bound to NF-kappaB and inhibited its nuclear translocation. Further, BjNPR1 expression down-regulated the NF-kappaB target genes iNOS, Cox-2, c-Myc and cyclin D1 and reduced the proliferation rate of U373 cells. Finally, BjNPR1 decreased the levels of pERK, pJNK and PKCalpha and increased the Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 activities. These results suggested that inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by BjNPR1 can be a promising therapy in NF-kappaB dependent pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kesanakurti
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Sareddy GR, Panigrahi M, Challa S, Mahadevan A, Babu PP. Activation of Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway in human astrocytomas. Neurochem Int 2009; 55:307-17. [PMID: 19576519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytomas are the most common form of primary brain tumors. Understanding the molecular basis of development and progression of astrocytomas is required to develop more effective therapies. Although, over activation of Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf pathway is a hallmark of several forms of cancer, little is known about its role in human astrocytomas. Here, we report the evidence that Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway is constitutively activated in astrocytic tumors. In the present study, human astrocytic tumors with different clinical grades were analyzed for mRNA expression of Dvl-1, Dvl-2, Dvl-3, beta-catenin, c-myc and cyclin D1 and protein levels of beta-catenin, Lef1, Tcf4, c-Myc, N-Myc, c-jun and cyclin D1. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the overexpression of Dvl-3, beta-catenin, c-myc and cyclin D1 in astrocytomas. Western blotting revealed upregulation of beta-catenin, Lef1, Tcf4 and their target proteins in the core tumor tissues in comparison to peritumor and normal brain tissues. The protein and mRNA levels were positively correlated with the histological malignancy. Cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin, nuclear localization of Lef1, Tcf4, c-Myc, N-Myc, c-jun and cyclin D1 were demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. Our studies tend to suggest that Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway is implicated in malignancy of astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara Reddy Sareddy
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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