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Farooqi AA, Turgambayeva A, Tashenova G, Tulebayeva A, Bazarbayeva A, Kapanova G, Abzaliyeva S. Multifunctional Roles of Betulinic Acid in Cancer Chemoprevention: Spotlight on JAK/STAT, VEGF, EGF/EGFR, TRAIL/TRAIL-R, AKT/mTOR and Non-Coding RNAs in the Inhibition of Carcinogenesis and Metastasis. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010067. [PMID: 36615262 PMCID: PMC9822120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pursual of novel anticancer molecules from natural sources has gained worthwhile appreciation, and a significant fraction of conceptual knowledge has revolutionized our understanding about heterogeneous nature of cancer. Betulinic acid has fascinated interdisciplinary researchers due to its tremendous pharmacological properties. Ground-breaking discoveries have unraveled previously unprecedented empirical proof-of-concept about momentous chemopreventive role of betulinic acid against carcinogenesis and metastasis. Deregulation of cell signaling pathways has been reported to play a linchpin role in cancer progression and colonization of metastatically competent cancer cells to the distant organs for the development of secondary tumors. Importantly, betulinic acid has demonstrated unique properties to mechanistically modulate oncogenic transduction cascades. In this mini-review, we have attempted to provide a sophisticated compendium of regulatory role of betulinic acid in cancer chemoprevention. We have partitioned this multi-component review into different sections in which we summarized landmark research-works which highlighted betulinic acid mediated regulation of JAK/STAT, VEGF, EGF/EGFR, TRAIL/TRAIL-R, AKT/mTOR and ubiquitination pathways in the inhibition of cancer. In parallel, betulinic acid mediated regulation of signaling cascades and non-coding RNAs will be critically analyzed in cell culture and animal model studies. Better comprehension of the pharmaceutical features of betulinic acid and mapping of the existing knowledge gaps will be valuable in the translatability of preclinical studies into rationally designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Assiya Turgambayeva
- Department of Public Health and Management, NJSC “Astana Medical University”, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnara Tashenova
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Tulebayeva
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Bazarbayeva
- Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnara Kapanova
- Scientific Center of Anti-Infectious Drugs, 75 al-Faraby Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Symbat Abzaliyeva
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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Guoxia W, Yu Y, Shuai Z, Hainan L, Zheng X. Beta-carotene regulates the biological activity of EGF in IEC6 cells by alleviating the inflammatory process. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1726-1739. [PMID: 35499499 PMCID: PMC9302509 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2067676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has many important biological functions. It plays an important role in regulating the growth, survival, migration, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation of intestinal tissues and cells. However, until now, the effect of inflammation on the biological activity of EGF in intestinal cells or tissues is still unclear. For this reason, in the current research, we have conducted a detailed study on this issue. Using the rat small intestinal crypt epithelial cell line (IEC6) was used as an in vitro model, and Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), Flow cytometry (FCM), Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), Western-blotting (WB), and Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) methods were used to explore the effects of inflammation on EGF/EGFR biological activity and signal transduction profiles. We found that the EGF/EGFR nuclear signal almost disappeared in the inflammatory state, and the phosphorylation levels of EGFR, AKT, and STAT3 were all significantly down-regulated. In addition, we also studied the effect of β-carotene on the biological activity of EGF, and found that when cells were pretreated with β-carotene, the cellular behavior, biological activity, and nuclear signal of EGF/EGFR under inflammation stimulation were partially restored. In summary, the current study shows that inflammation can disrupt EGF/EGFR-mediated signaling in IEC6 cells, suggesting that inflammation negatively regulates the biological activity of EGF/EGFR. Furthermore, we found that β-carotene not only attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation but also partially restored the biological activity of EGF in IEC6 cells, laying a solid foundation for studying the biological functions of EGF and β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Guoxia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Shuai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lan Hainan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Conese M, Di Gioia S. Pathophysiology of Lung Disease and Wound Repair in Cystic Fibrosis. Pathophysiology 2021; 28:155-88. [PMID: 35366275 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, life-threatening condition affecting many organs and tissues, the lung disease being the chief cause of morbidity and mortality. Mutations affecting the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene determine the expression of a dysfunctional protein that, in turn, triggers a pathophysiological cascade, leading to airway epithelium injury and remodeling. In vitro and in vivo studies point to a dysregulated regeneration and wound repair in CF airways, to be traced back to epithelial CFTR lack/dysfunction. Subsequent altered ion/fluid fluxes and/or signaling result in reduced cell migration and proliferation. Furthermore, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition appears to be partially triggered in CF, contributing to wound closure alteration. Finally, we pose our attention to diverse approaches to tackle this defect, discussing the therapeutic role of protease inhibitors, CFTR modulators and mesenchymal stem cells. Although the pathophysiology of wound repair in CF has been disclosed in some mechanisms, further studies are warranted to understand the cellular and molecular events in more details and to better address therapeutic interventions.
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Wu S, Huang D, Su X, Yan H, Wu J, Sun Z. Oral exposure to low-dose bisphenol A induces hyperplasia of dorsolateral prostate and upregulates EGFR expression in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 35:647-659. [PMID: 31771501 DOI: 10.1177/0748233719885565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate is sensitive to endocrine hormone level, and the synergetic effect of estrogen and androgen is critical in prostate growth. The change of signal pathways caused by the imbalance of estrogen and androgen might function in the occurrence of prostate diseases. As a well-known endocrine disruptor compound, bisphenol A (BPA) can disturb the normal function of endocrine hormone and affect prostate development. This study aims to investigate effects of BPA on the dorsolateral prostate (DLP) and the related gene expression of the tissue in adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and to explore the mechanism for the effect of low-dose BPA on DLP hyperplasia. Three-month-old male SD rats were treated with BPA (10.0, 30.0, or 90.0 µg (kg.day)-1, gavage) or vehicle (gavage) for 4 weeks. BPA significantly increased the DLP weight, the DLP organ coefficient, and the prostate epithelium height (p < 0.01) of rats dose-dependently. Microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that BPA significantly upregulated the transcriptional levels of some genes, including pituitary tumor transforming gene 1, epidermal growth factor, Sh3kbp1, and Pcna. Furthermore, the expression of PCNA (p < 0.01), androgen receptor (p < 0.01), and EGF receptor (EGFR) (p < 0.001) in DLP was increased significantly by BPA treatment, and the expression of estrogen receptor alpha was also upregulated. The findings evidenced that low-dose BPA could induce DLP hyperplasia in adult rats, and the upregulated EGF/EGFR pathway that was responsive to estrogen and androgen might play an essential role in the DLP hyperplasia induced by low-dose BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wu
- Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Evaluatinon Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- National Evaluatinon Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Su
- National Evaluatinon Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Yan
- National Evaluatinon Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- National Evaluatinon Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuyue Sun
- National Evaluatinon Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lian G, Chen S, Ouyang M, Li F, Chen L, Yang J. Colon Cancer Cell Secretes EGF to Promote M2 Polarization of TAM Through EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819849068. [PMID: 31088266 PMCID: PMC6535704 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819849068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor environment has been recognized to affect cancer cell progression, such as tumor-associated macrophages. However, increasing evidences suggest that tumor cells are capable of regulating polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of how colon cancer cell impacts tumor-associated macrophages polarization. Methods: We employed flow cytometry to detect marker molecules on macrophage membrane, such as CD68, CD16, and CD204. In addition, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine the level of these cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, and Arginase-1) secreted by colon cancer cells into the culture medium. Western blot was utilized to probe downstream proteins of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Results: We cocultured colon cancer cell lines (HCT8 or HCT116) with human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells (THP-1) and found that interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β levels were reduced, and instead, interleukin-10 and Arginase-1 levels were elevated, suggesting that colon cancer cells contributed to M2 polarization of THP-1. Meanwhile, high level of various growth factors (transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β], epidermal growth factor [EGF], and hepatocyte growth factor [HGF]) was observed in the medium of THP-1 cocultured with colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the protein level of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR significantly increased in THP-1 cell cocultured with colon cancer cells compared to THP-1 group. Besides, we established that colon cancer cells exerted their stimulatory effect on M2 polarization of macrophage from monocyte THP-1 using EGFR antibody mAb225 and PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Conclusion: We provide evidence that EGF which are secreted by colon cancer cells play contributory role in M2 polarization of macrophages, which support the notion that tumor environment, including tumor-associated macrophages, can be targeted to develop effective strategies for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Lian
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuijiao Chen
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Ouyang
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Li
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Chen
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwen Yang
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Montanari M, Rossetti S, Cavaliere C, D'Aniello C, Malzone MG, Vanacore D, Di Franco R, La Mantia E, Iovane G, Piscitelli R, Muscariello R, Berretta M, Perdonà S, Muto P, Botti G, Bianchi AAM, Veneziani BM, Facchini G. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer: an overview. Oncotarget 2017; 8:35376-89. [PMID: 28430640 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a main urological disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy are potentially curative for localized prostate cancer, while androgen deprivation therapy is the initial systemic therapy for metastatic prostate disease. However, despite temporary response, most patients relapse and evolve into castration resistant cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex gradual process that occurs during embryonic development and/or tumor progression. During this process, cells lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal features. Increasing evidences indicate that EMT promotes prostate cancer metastatic progression and it is closely correlated with increased stemness and drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the main molecular events that directly or indirectly govern the EMT program in prostate cancer, in order to better define the role and the mechanisms underlying this process in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic resistance.
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Pandey V, Bhaskara VK, Babu PP. Implications of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in glioma. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:114-27. [PMID: 26509338 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. Gliomas originate from astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neural stem cells or their precursors. According to WHO classification, gliomas are classified into four different malignant grades ranging from grade I to grade IV based on histopathological features and related molecular aberrations. The induction and maintenance of these tumors can be attributed largely to aberrant signaling networks. In this regard, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) network has been widely studied and is reported to be severely altered in glial tumors. Mutations in MAPK pathways most frequently affect RAS and B-RAF in the ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 pathways leading to malignant transformation. Also, it is linked to both inherited and sequential accumulations of mutations that control receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-activated signal transduction pathways, cell cycle growth arrest pathways, and nonresponsive cell death pathways. Genetic alterations that modulate RTK signaling can also alter several downstream pathways, including RAS-mediated MAP kinases along with JNK pathways, which ultimately regulate cell proliferation and cell death. The present review focuses on recent literature regarding important deregulations in the RTK-activated MAPK pathway during gliomagenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Pandey
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - Vasantha Kumar Bhaskara
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, AP, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, AP, India
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