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Peixoto C, Joncour A, Temal-Laib T, Tirera A, Dos Santos A, Jary H, Bucher D, Laenen W, Pereira Fernandes A, Lavazais S, Delachaume C, Merciris D, Saccomani C, Drennan M, López-Ramos M, Wakselman E, Dupont S, Borgonovi M, Roca Magadan C, Monjardet A, Brys R, De Vos S, Andrews M, Jimenez JM, Amantini D, Desroy N. Discovery of Clinical Candidate GLPG3970: A Potent and Selective Dual SIK2/SIK3 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5233-5258. [PMID: 38552030 PMCID: PMC11017251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) SIK1, SIK2, and SIK3 belong to the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family of serine/threonine kinases. SIK inhibition represents a new therapeutic approach modulating pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory pathways that holds potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Here, we describe the identification of GLPG3970 (32), a first-in-class dual SIK2/SIK3 inhibitor with selectivity against SIK1 (IC50 of 282.8 nM on SIK1, 7.8 nM on SIK2 and 3.8 nM on SIK3). We outline efforts made to increase selectivity against SIK1 and improve CYP time-dependent inhibition properties through the structure-activity relationship. The dual activity of 32 in modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα and the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 is demonstrated in vitro in human primary myeloid cells and human whole blood, and in vivo in mice stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Compound 32 shows dose-dependent activity in disease-relevant mouse pharmacological models.
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2
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Temal-Laib T, Peixoto C, Desroy N, De Lemos E, Bonnaterre F, Bienvenu N, Picolet O, Sartori E, Bucher D, López-Ramos M, Roca Magadán C, Laenen W, Flower T, Mollat P, Bugaud O, Touitou R, Pereira Fernandes A, Lavazais S, Monjardet A, Borgonovi M, Gosmini R, Brys R, Amantini D, De Vos S, Andrews M. Optimization of Selectivity and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Salt-Inducible Kinase Inhibitors that Led to the Discovery of Pan-SIK Inhibitor GLPG3312. J Med Chem 2024; 67:380-401. [PMID: 38147525 PMCID: PMC10788895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) SIK1, SIK2, and SIK3 are serine/threonine kinases and form a subfamily of the protein kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family. Inhibition of SIKs in stimulated innate immune cells and mouse models has been associated with a dual mechanism of action consisting of a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase of immunoregulatory cytokine production, suggesting a therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. Following a high-throughput screening campaign, subsequent hit to lead optimization through synthesis, structure-activity relationship, kinome selectivity, and pharmacokinetic investigations led to the discovery of clinical candidate GLPG3312 (compound 28), a potent and selective pan-SIK inhibitor (IC50: 2.0 nM for SIK1, 0.7 nM for SIK2, and 0.6 nM for SIK3). Characterization of the first human SIK3 crystal structure provided an understanding of the binding mode and kinome selectivity of the chemical series. GLPG3312 demonstrated both anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities in vitro in human primary myeloid cells and in vivo in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taouès Temal-Laib
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Nicolas Desroy
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Elsa De Lemos
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Natacha Bienvenu
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Olivier Picolet
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Eric Sartori
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Denis Bucher
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | - Wendy Laenen
- Galapagos
NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11, A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Thomas Flower
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Patrick Mollat
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Olivier Bugaud
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Robert Touitou
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | - Alain Monjardet
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Monica Borgonovi
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Romain Gosmini
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Reginald Brys
- Galapagos
NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11, A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - David Amantini
- Galapagos
SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Steve De Vos
- Galapagos
NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11, A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Martin Andrews
- Galapagos
NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11, A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
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Lavazais S, Jargosch M, Dupont S, Labéguère F, Menet C, Jagerschmidt C, Ohm F, Kupcsik L, Parent I, Cottereaux C, Marsais F, Oste L, Van de Water A, Christophe T, De Vos S, Fallon P, Lauffer F, Clément-Lacroix P, Eyerich K, Brys R. IRAK4 inhibition dampens pathogenic processes driving inflammatory skin diseases. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabj3289. [PMID: 36791209 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity not only shapes the way epithelial barriers interpret environmental cues but also drives adaptive responses. Therefore, modulators of innate immune responses are expected to have high therapeutic potential across immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. IRAK4 is a kinase that integrates signaling downstream of receptors acting at the interface between innate and adaptive immune responses, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), interleukin-1R (IL-1R), and IL-18R. Because effects of IRAK4 inhibition are stimulus, cell type, and species dependent, the evaluation of the therapeutic potential of IRAK4 inhibitors requires a highly translational approach. Here, we profiled a selective IRAK4 inhibitor, GLPG2534, in an extensive panel of models of inflammatory skin diseases, translationally expanding evidence from in vitro to in vivo and from mouse to human. In vitro, IRAK4 inhibition resulted in substantial inhibition of TLR and IL-1 responses in dendritic cells, keratinocytes, granulocytes, and T cells but only weakly affected dermal fibroblast responses. Furthermore, disease activity in murine models of skin inflammation (IL-23-, IL-33-, imiquimod-, and MC903-induced) was markedly dampened by IRAK4 inhibition. Last, inhibiting IRAK4 reversed pathogenic molecular signatures in human lesional psoriasis and atopic dermatitis biopsies. Over the variety of models used, IRAK4 inhibition consistently affected central mediators of psoriasis (IL-17A) and atopic dermatitis (IL-4 and IL-13). Overall, our data highlight IRAK4 as a central player in skin inflammatory processes and demonstrate the potential of IRAK4 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in chronic inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manja Jargosch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Frenz Ohm
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Line Oste
- Galapagos NV, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Padraic Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Felix Lauffer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Jargosch M, Lavazais S, Ohm F, Jagerschmidt C, Fallon P, Clément-Lacroix P, Lauffer F, Brys R, Eyerich K. 350 IRAK4 drives pathogenic processes in inflammatory skin diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mammoliti O, Jansen K, El Bkassiny S, Palisse A, Triballeau N, Bucher D, Allart B, Jaunet A, Tricarico G, De Wachter M, Menet C, Blanc J, Letfus V, Rupčić R, Šmehil M, Poljak T, Coornaert B, Sonck K, Duys I, Waeckel L, Lecru L, Marsais F, Jagerschmidt C, Auberval M, Pujuguet P, Oste L, Borgonovi M, Wakselman E, Christophe T, Houvenaghel N, Jans M, Heckmann B, Sanière L, Brys R. Discovery and Optimization of Orally Bioavailable Phthalazone and Cinnolone Carboxylic Acid Derivatives as S1P2 Antagonists against Fibrotic Diseases. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14557-14586. [PMID: 34581584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease. Current treatments only slow down disease progression, making new therapeutic strategies compelling. Increasing evidence suggests that S1P2 antagonists could be effective agents against fibrotic diseases. Our compound collection was mined for molecules possessing substructure features associated with S1P2 activity. The weakly potent indole hit 6 evolved into a potent phthalazone series, bearing a carboxylic acid, with the aid of a homology model. Suboptimal pharmacokinetics of a benzimidazole subseries were improved by modifications targeting potential interactions with transporters, based on concepts deriving from the extended clearance classification system (ECCS). Scaffold hopping, as a part of a chemical enablement strategy, permitted the rapid exploration of the position adjacent to the carboxylic acid. Compound 38, with good pharmacokinetics and in vitro potency, was efficacious at 10 mg/kg BID in three different in vivo mouse models of fibrotic diseases in a therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Mammoliti
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Koen Jansen
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Adeline Palisse
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Denis Bucher
- Galapagos SASU, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Brigitte Allart
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Alex Jaunet
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Maxim De Wachter
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Christel Menet
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Javier Blanc
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Vatroslav Letfus
- Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, ZagrebHR-10000, Croatia
| | - Renata Rupčić
- Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, ZagrebHR-10000, Croatia
| | - Mario Šmehil
- Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, ZagrebHR-10000, Croatia
| | - Tanja Poljak
- Fidelta Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 29, ZagrebHR-10000, Croatia
| | | | - Kathleen Sonck
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Inge Duys
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Waeckel
- Galapagos SASU, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Lola Lecru
- Galapagos SASU, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Florence Marsais
- Galapagos SASU, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Marielle Auberval
- Galapagos SASU, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Philippe Pujuguet
- Galapagos SASU, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Line Oste
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Monica Borgonovi
- Galapagos SASU, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | | | - Mia Jans
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Heckmann
- Galapagos SASU, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Laurent Sanière
- Galapagos SASU, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Reginald Brys
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
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6
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Mammoliti O, Palisse A, Joannesse C, El Bkassiny S, Allart B, Jaunet A, Menet C, Coornaert B, Sonck K, Duys I, Clément-Lacroix P, Oste L, Borgonovi M, Wakselman E, Christophe T, Houvenaghel N, Jans M, Heckmann B, Sanière L, Brys R. Discovery of the S1P2 Antagonist GLPG2938 (1-[2-Ethoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridyl]-3-[[5-methyl-6-[1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridazin-3-yl]methyl]urea), a Preclinical Candidate for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6037-6058. [PMID: 33939425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence from the literature suggests that blocking S1P2 receptor (S1PR2) signaling could be effective for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, only a few antagonists have been so far disclosed. A chemical enablement strategy led to the discovery of a pyridine series with good antagonist activity. A pyridazine series with improved lipophilic efficiency and with no CYP inhibition liability was identified by scaffold hopping. Further optimization led to the discovery of 40 (GLPG2938), a compound with exquisite potency on a phenotypic IL8 release assay, good pharmacokinetics, and good activity in a bleomycin-induced model of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Mammoliti
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Adeline Palisse
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | | | - Brigitte Allart
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Alex Jaunet
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Christel Menet
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Kathleen Sonck
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Inge Duys
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Line Oste
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Monica Borgonovi
- Galapagos SASU, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | | | - Mia Jans
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Heckmann
- Galapagos SASU, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Laurent Sanière
- Galapagos SASU, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Reginald Brys
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
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7
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Labéguère F, Dupont S, Alvey L, Soulas F, Newsome G, Tirera A, Quenehen V, Mai TTT, Deprez P, Blanqué R, Oste L, Le Tallec S, De Vos S, Hagers A, Vandevelde A, Nelles L, Vandervoort N, Conrath K, Christophe T, van der Aar E, Wakselman E, Merciris D, Cottereaux C, da Costa C, Saniere L, Clement-Lacroix P, Jenkins L, Milligan G, Fletcher S, Brys R, Gosmini R. Discovery of 9-Cyclopropylethynyl-2-(( S)-1-[1,4]dioxan-2-ylmethoxy)-6,7-dihydropyrimido[6,1- a]isoquinolin-4-one (GLPG1205), a Unique GPR84 Negative Allosteric Modulator Undergoing Evaluation in a Phase II Clinical Trial. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13526-13545. [PMID: 32902984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GPR84 is a medium chain free fatty acid-binding G-protein-coupled receptor associated with inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. As the only reported antagonist of GPR84 (PBI-4050) that displays relatively low potency and selectivity, a clear need exists for an improved modulator. Structural optimization of GPR84 antagonist hit 1, identified through high-throughput screening, led to the identification of potent and selective GPR84 inhibitor GLPG1205 (36). Compared with the initial hit, 36 showed improved potency in a guanosine 5'-O-[γ-thio]triphosphate assay, exhibited metabolic stability, and lacked activity against phosphodiesterase-4. This novel pharmacological tool allowed investigation of the therapeutic potential of GPR84 inhibition. At once-daily doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg, GLPG1205 reduced disease activity index score and neutrophil infiltration in a mouse dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic inflammatory bowel disease model, with efficacy similar to positive-control compound sulfasalazine. The drug discovery steps leading to GLPG1205 identification, currently under phase II clinical investigation, are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Dupont
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Luke Alvey
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Florilène Soulas
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Gregory Newsome
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Amynata Tirera
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Vanessa Quenehen
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Thi Thu Trang Mai
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Pierre Deprez
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Roland Blanqué
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Line Oste
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Steve De Vos
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Annick Hagers
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ann Vandevelde
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Luc Nelles
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Nele Vandervoort
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Katja Conrath
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Didier Merciris
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Céline Cottereaux
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Cécile da Costa
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Laurent Saniere
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Laura Jenkins
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Fletcher
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Reginald Brys
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Romain Gosmini
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
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8
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Abstract
Aberrant activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) like c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 is an event involved in the pathophysiology of numerous human diseases. The apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is an upstream target that gets activated only under pathological conditions and as such is a promising target for therapeutic intervention. In the first part of this review the molecular mechanisms leading to ASK1 activation and regulation will be described as well as the evidences supporting a pathogenic role for ASK1 in human disease. In the second part, an update on drug discovery efforts towards the discovery and development of ASK1-targeting therapies will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl Gibson
- Sandexis Medicinal Chemistry Ltd, Innovation House Discovery ParkSandwich, Kent, United Kingdom
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9
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Puengel T, De Vos S, Hundertmark J, Kohlhepp M, Guldiken N, Pujuguet P, Auberval M, Marsais F, Shoji KF, Saniere L, Trautwein C, Luedde T, Strnad P, Brys R, Clément-Lacroix P, Tacke F. The Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Receptor GPR84 Mediates Myeloid Cell Infiltration Promoting Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1140. [PMID: 32316235 PMCID: PMC7231190 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have been associated with anti-steatotic effects in hepatocytes. Expression of the MCFA receptor GPR84 (G protein-coupled receptor 84) is induced in immune cells under inflammatory conditions and can promote fibrogenesis. We aimed at deciphering the role of GPR84 in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), exploring its potential as a therapeutic target. GPR84 expression is upregulated in liver from patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), correlating with the histological degree of inflammation and fibrosis. In mouse and human, activated monocytes and neutrophils upregulate GPR84 expression. Chemotaxis of these myeloid cells by GPR84 stimulation is inhibited by two novel, small molecule GPR84 antagonists. Upon acute liver injury in mice, treatment with GPR84 antagonists significantly reduced the hepatic recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMF). We, therefore, evaluated the therapeutic inhibition of GPR84 by these two novel antagonists in comparison to selonsertib, an apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor, in three NASH mouse models. Pharmacological inhibition of GPR84 significantly reduced macrophage accumulation and ameliorated inflammation and fibrosis, to an extent similar to selonsertib. In conclusion, our findings support that GPR84 mediates myeloid cell infiltration in liver injury and is a promising therapeutic target in steatohepatitis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Puengel
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.P.); (N.G.); (C.T.); (T.L.); (P.S.)
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Steve De Vos
- Galapagos SA, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France; (S.D.V.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (F.M.); (K.F.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-L.)
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium;
| | - Jana Hundertmark
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Marlene Kohlhepp
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Nurdan Guldiken
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.P.); (N.G.); (C.T.); (T.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Philippe Pujuguet
- Galapagos SA, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France; (S.D.V.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (F.M.); (K.F.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Marielle Auberval
- Galapagos SA, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France; (S.D.V.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (F.M.); (K.F.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Florence Marsais
- Galapagos SA, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France; (S.D.V.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (F.M.); (K.F.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Kenji F. Shoji
- Galapagos SA, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France; (S.D.V.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (F.M.); (K.F.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Laurent Saniere
- Galapagos SA, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France; (S.D.V.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (F.M.); (K.F.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.P.); (N.G.); (C.T.); (T.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.P.); (N.G.); (C.T.); (T.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.P.); (N.G.); (C.T.); (T.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Reginald Brys
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Clément-Lacroix
- Galapagos SA, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France; (S.D.V.); (P.P.); (M.A.); (F.M.); (K.F.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (M.K.)
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Vandeghinste N, Klattig J, Jagerschmidt C, Lavazais S, Marsais F, Haas JD, Auberval M, Lauffer F, Moran T, Ongenaert M, Van Balen M, Dupont S, Lepescheux L, Garcia T, Härtle S, Eyerich K, Fallon PG, Brys R, Steidl S. Neutralization of IL-17C Reduces Skin Inflammation in Mouse Models of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1555-1563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Joncour A, Desroy N, Housseman C, Bock X, Bienvenu N, Cherel L, Labeguere V, Peixoto C, Annoot D, Lepissier L, Heiermann J, Hengeveld WJ, Pilzak G, Monjardet A, Wakselman E, Roncoroni V, Le Tallec S, Galien R, David C, Vandervoort N, Christophe T, Conrath K, Jans M, Wohlkonig A, Soror S, Steyaert J, Touitou R, Fleury D, Vercheval L, Mollat P, Triballeau N, van der Aar E, Brys R, Heckmann B. Correction to Discovery, Structure–Activity Relationship, and Binding Mode of an Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine Series of Autotaxin Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4270. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Joncour A, Desroy N, Housseman C, Bock X, Bienvenu N, Cherel L, Labeguere V, Peixoto C, Annoot D, Lepissier L, Heiermann J, Hengeveld WJ, Pilzak G, Monjardet A, Wakselman E, Roncoroni V, Le Tallec S, Galien R, David C, Vandervoort N, Christophe T, Conrath K, Jans M, Wohlkonig A, Soror S, Steyaert J, Touitou R, Fleury D, Vercheval L, Mollat P, Triballeau N, van der Aar E, Brys R, Heckmann B. Discovery, Structure–Activity Relationship, and Binding Mode of an Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Series of Autotaxin Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7371-7392. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Joncour
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Nicolas Desroy
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Xavier Bock
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Natacha Bienvenu
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Laëtitia Cherel
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | - Denis Annoot
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Luce Lepissier
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Jörg Heiermann
- Mercachem, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gregor Pilzak
- Mercachem, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Monjardet
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | | | - René Galien
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Christelle David
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Nele Vandervoort
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Katja Conrath
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Mia Jans
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Wohlkonig
- VIB
Structural Biology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Sameh Soror
- VIB
Structural Biology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Jan Steyaert
- VIB
Structural Biology Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Robert Touitou
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Damien Fleury
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Lionel Vercheval
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Patrick Mollat
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | - Reginald Brys
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan
L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Heckmann
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston
Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
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Desroy N, Housseman C, Bock X, Joncour A, Bienvenu N, Cherel L, Labeguere V, Rondet E, Peixoto C, Grassot JM, Picolet O, Annoot D, Triballeau N, Monjardet A, Wakselman E, Roncoroni V, Le Tallec S, Blanque R, Cottereaux C, Vandervoort N, Christophe T, Mollat P, Lamers M, Auberval M, Hrvacic B, Ralic J, Oste L, van der Aar E, Brys R, Heckmann B. Discovery of 2-[[2-Ethyl-6-[4-[2-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl]piperazin-1-yl]-8-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]methylamino]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazole-5-carbonitrile (GLPG1690), a First-in-Class Autotaxin Inhibitor Undergoing Clinical Evaluation for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3580-3590. [PMID: 28414242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autotaxin is a circulating enzyme with a major role in the production of lysophosphatic acid (LPA) species in blood. A role for the autotaxin/LPA axis has been suggested in many disease areas including pulmonary fibrosis. Structural modifications of the known autotaxin inhibitor lead compound 1, to attenuate hERG inhibition, remove CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition, and improve pharmacokinetic properties, led to the identification of clinical candidate GLPG1690 (11). Compound 11 was able to cause a sustained reduction of LPA levels in plasma in vivo and was shown to be efficacious in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in mice and in reducing extracellular matrix deposition in the lung while also reducing LPA 18:2 content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Compound 11 is currently being evaluated in an exploratory phase 2a study in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Desroy
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Xavier Bock
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Agnès Joncour
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Natacha Bienvenu
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Laëtitia Cherel
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Emilie Rondet
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Picolet
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Denis Annoot
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Alain Monjardet
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | | | - Roland Blanque
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Celine Cottereaux
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Nele Vandervoort
- Galapagos NV , Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Mollat
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Marieke Lamers
- Charles River Laboratories , Chesterford Research Park, CB10 1XL Saffron Walden, United Kingdom
| | - Marielle Auberval
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Boska Hrvacic
- Fidelta Ltd. , Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Jovica Ralic
- Fidelta Ltd. , Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Line Oste
- Galapagos NV , Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Reginald Brys
- Galapagos NV , Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Heckmann
- Galapagos SASU , 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
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Ghyselen C, Bonte D, Brys R. Is there a missing link? Effects of root herbivory on plant-pollinator interactions and reproductive output in a monocarpic species. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2016; 18:156-163. [PMID: 25731922 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Herbivores can have a major influence on plant fitness. The direct impact of herbivory on plant reproductive output has long been studied, and recently also indirect effects of herbivory on plant traits and pollinator attraction have received increasing attention. However, the link between these direct and indirect effects has seldom been studied. In this study, we investigated effects of root herbivory on plant and floral traits, pollination success and reproductive outcome in the monocarpic perennial Cynoglossum officinale. We exposed 119 C. officinale plants to a range of root herbivore damage by its specialist herbivore Mogulones cruciger. We assessed the effect of herbivory on several plant traits, pollinator foraging behaviour and reproductive output, and to elucidate the link between these last two we also quantified pollen deposition and pollen tube growth and applied a pollination experiment to test whether seed set was pollen-limited. Larval root herbivory induced significant changes in plant traits and had a negative impact on pollinator visitation. Infested plants were reduced in size, had fewer flowers and received fewer pollinator visits at plant and flower level than non-infested plants. Also, seed set was negatively affected by root herbivory, but this could not be attributed to pollen limitation since neither stigmatic pollen loads and pollen tube growth nor the results of the hand-pollination experiment differed between infested and non-infested plants. Our observations demonstrate that although herbivory may induce significant changes in flowering behaviour and resulting plant-pollinator interactions, it does not necessarily translate into higher rates of pollen limitation. The observed reductions in reproductive output following infection can mainly be attributed to higher resource limitation compared to non-infested plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ghyselen
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Brys
- Division of Plant Ecology and Systematics, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium
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Brys R, Jacquemyn H. Severe outbreeding and inbreeding depression maintain mating system differentiation in Epipactis (Orchidaceae). J Evol Biol 2015; 29:352-9. [PMID: 26548440 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In hermaphroditic plants, theory for mating system evolution predicts that populations will evolve to either complete autonomous selfing (AS) or complete outcrossing, depending on the balance between automatic selection favouring self-fertilization and costs resulting from inbreeding depression (ID). Theory also predicts that selection for selfing can occur rapidly and is driven by purging of genetic load and the loss of ID. Therefore, selfing species are predicted to have low levels of ID or even to suffer from outbreeding depression (OD), whereas predominantly outcrossing species are expected to have high levels of ID. To test these predictions, we related the capacity of AS to the magnitude of early-acting inbreeding or OD in both allogamous and autogamous species of the orchid genus Epipactis. For each species, the level of AS was assessed under controlled greenhouse conditions, whereas hand-pollinations were performed to quantify early costs of inbreeding or OD acting at the level of fruit and seed production. In the autogamous species, the capacity of AS was high (> 0.72), whereas in the allogamous species AS was virtually absent (< 0.10). Consistent with our hypothesis, allogamous Epipactis species had significantly higher total ID (average: 0.46) than autogamous species, which showed severe costs of OD (average: -0.45). Overall, our findings indicate that strong early-acting ID represents an important mechanism that contributes to allogamy in Epipactis, whereas OD may maintain selfing in species that have evolved to complete selfing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brys
- Division of Plant Ecology and Systematics, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Jacquemyn
- Division of Plant Ecology and Systematics, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ongenaert M, Dupont S, Vayssière B, Meuleners L, Brys R, Galien R. AB0506 Identification of a Gene Signature and Response Biomarkers in Circulating Leukocytes of RA Patients After Treatment with the JAK1-Selective Inhibitor Filgotinib (GLPG0634). Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pizzonero M, Dupont S, Babel M, Beaumont S, Bienvenu N, Blanqué R, Cherel L, Christophe T, Crescenzi B, De Lemos E, Delerive P, Deprez P, De Vos S, Djata F, Fletcher S, Kopiejewski S, L’Ebraly C, Lefrançois JM, Lavazais S, Manioc M, Nelles L, Oste L, Polancec D, Quénéhen V, Soulas F, Triballeau N, van der Aar EM, Vandeghinste N, Wakselman E, Brys R, Saniere L. Discovery and Optimization of an Azetidine Chemical Series As a Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 (FFA2) Antagonist: From Hit to Clinic. J Med Chem 2014; 57:10044-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5012885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Dupont
- Galapagos, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Marielle Babel
- Galapagos, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | - Roland Blanqué
- Galapagos, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Laëtitia Cherel
- Galapagos, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | - Elsa De Lemos
- Galapagos, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Pierre Deprez
- Galapagos, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Steve De Vos
- Galapagos, Generaal De Wittelaan L11A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Fatoumata Djata
- Galapagos, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Murielle Manioc
- Galapagos, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Luc Nelles
- Galapagos, Generaal De Wittelaan L11A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Line Oste
- Galapagos, Generaal De Wittelaan L11A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Denis Polancec
- Fidelta, Prilaz Baruna Filipovica 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reginald Brys
- Galapagos, Generaal De Wittelaan L11A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Laurent Saniere
- Galapagos, 102 Avenue
Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
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Menet CJ, Fletcher SR, Van Lommen G, Geney R, Blanc J, Smits K, Jouannigot N, Deprez P, van der Aar EM, Clement-Lacroix P, Lepescheux L, Galien R, Vayssiere B, Nelles L, Christophe T, Brys R, Uhring M, Ciesielski F, Van Rompaey L. Triazolopyridines as selective JAK1 inhibitors: from hit identification to GLPG0634. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9323-42. [PMID: 25369270 DOI: 10.1021/jm501262q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2) are involved in the signaling of multiple cytokines important in cellular function. Blockade of the JAK-STAT pathway with a small molecule has been shown to provide therapeutic immunomodulation. Having identified JAK1 as a possible new target for arthritis at Galapagos, the compound library was screened against JAK1, resulting in the identification of a triazolopyridine-based series of inhibitors represented by 3. Optimization within this chemical series led to identification of GLPG0634 (65, filgotinib), a selective JAK1 inhibitor currently in phase 2B development for RA and phase 2A development for Crohn's disease (CD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel J Menet
- Galapagos NV , Generaal de Wittelaan L11A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
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Belleville-Da-Costa C, Merciris D, Vayssière B, Houvenaghel N, Monjardet A, Lepescheux L, Dupont S, Christophe T, Borgonovi M, Clément-Lacroix P, Menet C, Van Rompaey L, Brys R, Galien R. THU0138 Glpg0634m1, A Major Metabolite of the Jak1-Selective Inhibitor Glpg0634, is Also Jak1-Selective and Efficient in the Rat CIA Model. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Vranken S, Brys R, Hoffmann M, Jacquemyn H. Secondary pollen presentation and the temporal dynamics of stylar hair retraction and style elongation in Campanula trachelium (Campanulaceae). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2014; 16:669-676. [PMID: 24712874 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To increase the accuracy of pollen capture and transfer by pollinators some plant species have developed secondary pollen presentation structures. Because the presence of secondary pollen presentation structures at the pistil may reduce the spatial separation between the sexual functions and increase the risk of self-interference and selfing, temporal segregation of the sexual organs, triggered by visiting insects, can be expected to occur. We investigated secondary pollen presentation and the temporal dynamics of the sexual phases in combination with the physiological self-incompatibility system in Campanula trachelium, a protandrous insect-pollinated herb. Stylar hair retraction (male function) and curling of the stigmatic lobes (female function) were modelled using Gompertz growth functions. Finally, we performed pollination experiments in the lab and field to assess seed set and pollen limitation under natural conditions. About 68% of the total pollen load was captured by stylar hairs. Manual manipulation of the stylar hairs, mimicking pollinator visitation, significantly shortened the male phase and accelerated the female phase, resulting in a significant decline in temporal overlap between the two sexual functions. Conversely, when pollinators and/or manual manipulations were lacking, the male phase was substantially prolonged and sexual overlap was maximal. This suggests that spreading of the sexual phases and thus the risk of sexual interference are largely determined by the interaction between stylar hairs and visiting pollinators. Natural seed set was high and not pollinator limited. Overall, these results indicate that secondary pollen presentation and partial protandry resulted in efficient pollen capture, transfer and deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vranken
- Division of Plant Ecology and Systematics, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Vayssiere B, de Vos S, Merciris D, Auberval M, Dupont S, Vandeghinste N, Lepescheux L, Clement-Lacroix P, Delerive P, van Rompaey L, Brys R, Galien R. THU0116 Biological Effects of the JAK1 Selective Inhibitor GLPG0634 on Inflammation Markers in Arthritic Mice. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Van Rompaey L, Galien R, van der Aar EM, Clement-Lacroix P, Nelles L, Smets B, Lepescheux L, Christophe T, Conrath K, Vandeghinste N, Vayssiere B, De Vos S, Fletcher S, Brys R, van 't Klooster G, Feyen JHM, Menet C. Preclinical characterization of GLPG0634, a selective inhibitor of JAK1, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. J Immunol 2013; 191:3568-77. [PMID: 24006460 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The JAKs receive continued interest as therapeutic targets for autoimmune, inflammatory, and oncological diseases. JAKs play critical roles in the development and biology of the hematopoietic system, as evidenced by mouse and human genetics. JAK1 is critical for the signal transduction of many type I and type II inflammatory cytokine receptors. In a search for JAK small molecule inhibitors, GLPG0634 was identified as a lead compound belonging to a novel class of JAK inhibitors. It displayed a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor profile in biochemical assays, but subsequent studies in cellular and whole blood assays revealed a selectivity of ∼30-fold for JAK1- over JAK2-dependent signaling. GLPG0634 dose-dependently inhibited Th1 and Th2 differentiation and to a lesser extent the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro. GLPG0634 was well exposed in rodents upon oral dosing, and exposure levels correlated with repression of Mx2 expression in leukocytes. Oral dosing of GLPG0634 in a therapeutic set-up in a collagen-induced arthritis model in rodents resulted in a significant dose-dependent reduction of the disease progression. Paw swelling, bone and cartilage degradation, and levels of inflammatory cytokines were reduced by GLPG0634 treatment. Efficacy of GLPG0634 in the collagen-induced arthritis models was comparable to the results obtained with etanercept. In conclusion, the JAK1 selective inhibitor GLPG0634 is a promising novel therapeutic with potential for oral treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and possibly other immune-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Rompaey
- Departement of In Vitro Pharmacology, Galapagos NV, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
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Andrews MJI, Clase JA, Bar G, Tricarico G, Edwards PJ, Brys R, Chambers M, Schmidt W, MacLeod A, Hirst K, Allen V, Birault V, Le J, Harris J, Self A, Nash K, Dixon G. Discovery of a series of imidazopyrazine small molecule inhibitors of the kinase MAPKAPK5, that show activity using in vitro and in vivo models of rheumatoid arthritis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2266-70. [PMID: 22342143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MAPKAPK5 has been proposed to play a role in regulation of matrix metalloprotease expression and so to be a potential target for intervention in rheumatoid arthritis. We present here the identification of a series of compounds against this target which are effective in both biochemical and cell assays. The expansion of the series is described, along with early SAR and pharmacokinetics for some representative compounds.
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Seeuws S, Jacques P, Van Praet J, Drennan M, Coudenys J, Decruy T, Deschepper E, Lepescheux L, Pujuguet P, Oste L, Vandeghinste N, Brys R, Verbruggen G, Elewaut D. A multiparameter approach to monitor disease activity in collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R160. [PMID: 20731827 PMCID: PMC2945063 DOI: 10.1186/ar3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disease severity in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is commonly assessed by clinical scoring of paw swelling and histological examination of joints. Although this is an accurate approach, it is also labour-intensive and the application of less invasive and less time-consuming methods is of great interest. However, it is still unclear which of these methods represents the most discriminating measure of disease activity. Methods We undertook a comparative analysis in which different measurements of inflammation and tissue damage in CIA were studied on an individual mouse level. We compared the current gold standard methods - clinical scoring and histological examination - with alternative methods based on scoring of X-ray or micro-computed tomography (CT) images and investigated the significance of systemically expressed proteins, involved in CIA pathogenesis, that have potential as biomarkers. Results Linear regression analysis revealed a marked association of serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 levels with all features of CIA including inflammation, cartilage destruction and bone erosions. This association was improved by combined detection of MMP-3 and anti-collagen IgG2a antibody concentrations. In addition, combined analysis of both X-ray and micro-CT images was found to be predictive for cartilage and bone damage. Most remarkably, validation analysis using an independent data set proved that variations in disease severity, induced by different therapies, could be accurately represented by predicted values based on the proposed parameters. Conclusions Our analyses revealed that clinical scoring, combined with serum MMP-3, anti-collagen IgG2a measurement and scoring of X-ray and micro-CT images, yields a comprehensive insight into the different aspects of disease activity in CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Seeuws
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
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Brys R, Jacquemyn H. Floral display size and spatial distribution of potential mates affect pollen deposition and female reproductive success in distylous Pulmonaria officinalis (Boraginaceae). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2010; 12:597-603. [PMID: 20636902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In animal-pollinated plants, both the spatial distribution of flowering individuals and the number of flowers that an individual displays affect pollen deposition rates and female reproductive success. Heterostylous species are likely to be particularly sensitive to the contingencies of spatial distribution, as they are reproductively subdivided into distinct mating groups, which usually exhibit self- and intra-morph incompatibility and differ in floral morphology. In this paper, we explore the joint effects of both spatial distribution of potential mates and floral display size on morph-specific pollen deposition rates and seed set patterns in two natural populations of Pulmonaria officinalis, a distylous species with a weak self-incompatibility system. Both total stigmatic pollen load and the proportion of legitimate pollen decreased with increasing spatial isolation. Legitimate (intermorph) pollen transfer was, however, asymmetric and decreased more rapidly with decreasing proximity to a compatible legitimate mating partner in the S-morph than in the L-morph. Total stigmatic pollen loads per flower increased with increasing floral display size, indicating that large plants are disproportionately more visited than smaller individuals. However, because legitimate pollen deposition decreased with increasing floral display size, these results also suggest that larger numbers of flowers increase the degree of geitonogamous pollination. In both the L- and S-morph, seed set significantly decreased with increasing isolation from a legitimate mating partner, but in the L-morph seed set was less dependent on the spatial distribution of the S-morph. In addition, seed set significantly increased with floral display size in the L-morph, but not in the S-morph. These findings indicate that the spatial distribution of potential mates and variation in floral display size may cause morph-specific differences in pollen deposition rates and female reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brys
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium.
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Seeuws S, Jacques P, Van Praet J, Drennan M, Vandeghinste N, Brys R, Elewaut D. A multiparameter approach to monitor disease activity in collagen-induced arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.129650h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Deceptive orchids are generally characterized by low levels of fruit set; however, there may be substantial variations in fruit set between sites and years. Within a single population, individual plants may also differ greatly in their reproductive output as a result of differences in inflorescence size or local density. In this study, we determined flower and fruit production over 5 years in two populations of the food-deceptive orchid, Orchis purpurea. All plants were monitored annually for survival and flowering at each site to determine whether flowering and fruiting induced costs. The number of flowers per inflorescence varied considerably from year to year (min: 36.6, max: 49.5). Average fruit set was low (7%) and varied considerably among years and populations. A considerable proportion of plants also failed to set any fruit. However, the probability of producing at least one fruit was not affected by inflorescence size or local density. The number of fruits was significantly related to inflorescence size, but proportional fruit set was not. Local density also did not affect the number of fruits, nor proportional fruit set. There was also no evidence that plants with large inflorescence size or high fruiting success had a larger probability of remaining vegetative the year after flowering than plants with small inflorescence size or low fruiting success. Our results suggest that pollinator-mediated selective forces on inflorescence size through female reproductive success alone are weak, most likely because of the low overall level of visitation and the resulting uncertainty of pollination at the individual level. Our results further demonstrate that investigation of patterns of fruit set over several years is needed to better understand the variability in female reproductive success that is typical of most plant-pollinator interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jacquemyn
- Division of Plant Ecology and Systematics, University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.
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Maanen MAV, Stoof SP, Zanden EPVD, Jonge WJD, Janssen RA, Fischer DF, Vandeghinste N, Brys R, Vervoordeldonk MJ, Tak PP. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on fibroblast-like synoviocytes and in synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis patients: A possible role for a key neurotransmitter in synovial inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1272-81. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Brys R, Jacquemyn H, Beeckman T. Morph-ratio variation, population size and female reproductive success in distylous Pulmonaria officinalis (Boraginaceae). J Evol Biol 2008; 21:1281-9. [PMID: 18631213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Theory predicts that morph ratios in heterostylous populations are governed by negative frequency-dependent selection typically resulting in equal morph ratios at equilibrium. Previous work on the distylous perennial herb Pulmonaria officinalis, however, showed asymmetric mating between floral morphs and a weak self-incompatibility system, with the long-styled morph (L-morph) producing significantly higher seed set following intramorph crosses and even selfing than the short-styled morph (S-morph), two aspects thought to affect female fecundity and morph-ratio variation. Here, we evaluated morph ratios and population size of all known P. officinalis populations in the northern part of Belgium. Morph ratios deviated significantly from 1:1 (range 0.09-1 L-morph frequency, mean = 0.58). Relative fecundity of the S-morph (i.e. mean seed set of the S-morph/mean seed set of the L-morph) was on average 0.73, was positively related to the frequency of the L-morph, and reached 1 (similar levels of female fecundity) at an average L-morph frequency of 0.66 in the population. As some small populations had the S-morph in majority, our results suggest that local morph ratios are influenced both by the relative fecundity of L- and S-morph individuals and by stochastic processes in small populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brys
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape Research, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Geusens E, Van Breuseghem I, Pans S, Brys R. Some tips and tricks in reading cervical spine radiographs in trauma patients. JBR-BTR 2005; 88:87-92. [PMID: 15906582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that we are living in the era of spiral CT and multidetector spiral CT allowing us to scan the whole spine in less than a minute and to make high quality multiplanar reformatted images, plain films remain important in clearing the spine of polytraumatised patients. Particularly hemodynamic unstable patients that must be urgently transferred to the operation room need to be rapidly cleared for (cervical) spine lesions, without being transported to the CT unit which is--in most hospitals--located relatively far away from the emergency room and the operation rooms. In these patients, for the time being, spiral CT cannot replace conventional radiographs for the detection of sometimes subtle lesions. Knowledge of the direct but also the indirect signs of fractures remains important in the evaluation of these plain films. This article demonstrates some of these sometimes subtle signs that can help in making the diagnosis of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Geusens
- Dpt. of Radiology, UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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Pans S, Brys R, Van Breuseghem I, Geusens E. Benign bone tumours of the spine. JBR-BTR 2005; 88:31-7. [PMID: 15792167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of primary bone tumours can involve the spine. The imaging features of these lesions are often characteristic. We present an overview of the primary benign bone tumours of the spine. The role of plain film, CT and MRI is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pans
- Department of Radiology, UZ Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Arts GJ, Langemeijer E, Tissingh R, Ma L, Pavliska H, Dokic K, Dooijes R, Mesić E, Clasen R, Michiels F, van der Schueren J, Lambrecht M, Herman S, Brys R, Thys K, Hoffmann M, Tomme P, van Es H. Adenoviral vectors expressing siRNAs for discovery and validation of gene function. Genome Res 2003; 13:2325-32. [PMID: 12975310 PMCID: PMC403715 DOI: 10.1101/gr.1332603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference is a powerful tool for studying gene function and for drug target discovery in diverse organisms and cell types. In mammalian systems, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), or DNA plasmids expressing these siRNAs, have been used to down-modulate gene expression. However, inefficient transfection protocols, in particular, for primary cell types, have hampered the use of these tools in disease-relevant cellular assays. To be able to use this technology for genome-wide function screening, a more robust transduction protocol, resulting in a longer duration of the knock-down effect, is required. Here, we describe the validation of adenoviral vectors that express hairpin RNAs that are further processed to siRNAs. Infection of cell lines, or primary human cells, with these viruses leads to an efficient, sequence-specific, and prolonged reduction of the corresponding target mRNA, resulting in a reduction of the encoded protein level in the cell. For knock-down of one of the targets, GalphaS, we have measured inhibition of ligand-dependent, G-protein-coupled signaling. It is expected that this technology will prove to be of great value in target validation and target discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan Arts
- Galapagos Genomics BV, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
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Michiels F, van Es H, van Rompaey L, Merchiers P, Francken B, Pittois K, van der Schueren J, Brys R, Vandersmissen J, Beirinckx F, Herman S, Dokic K, Klaassen H, Narinx E, Hagers A, Laenen W, Piest I, Pavliska H, Rombout Y, Langemeijer E, Ma L, Schipper C, De Raeymaeker M, Schweicher S, Jans M, van Beeck K, Tsang IR, van de Stolpe O, Tomme P. Erratum: Corrigendum: Arrayed adenoviral expression libraries for functional screening. Nat Biotechnol 2003. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt0203-199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Michiels F, van Es H, van Rompaey L, Merchiers P, Francken B, Pittois K, van der Schueren J, Brys R, Vandersmissen J, Beirinckx F, Herman S, Dokic K, Klaassen H, Narinx E, Hagers A, Laenen W, Piest I, Pavliska H, Rombout Y, Langemeijer E, Ma L, Schipper C, Raeymaeker MD, Schweicher S, Jans M, van Beeck K, Tsang IR, van de Stolpe O, Tomme P, Arts GJ, Donker J. Arrayed adenoviral expression libraries for functional screening. Nat Biotechnol 2002; 20:1154-7. [PMID: 12355097 DOI: 10.1038/nbt746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2002] [Accepted: 08/15/2002] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With the publication of the sequence of the human genome, we are challenged to identify the functions of an estimated 70,000 human genes and the much larger number of proteins encoded by these genes. Of particular interest is the identification of gene products that play a role in human disease pathways, as these proteins include potential new targets that may lead to improved therapeutic strategies. This requires the direct measurement of gene function on a genomic scale in cell-based, functional assays. We have constructed and validated an individually arrayed, replication-defective adenoviral library harboring human cDNAs, termed PhenoSelect library. The adenoviral vector guarantees efficient transduction of diverse cell types, including primary cells. The arrayed format allows screening of this library in a variety of cellular assays in search for gene(s) that, by overexpression, induce a particular disease-related phenotype. The great majority of phenotypic assays, including morphological assays, can be screened with arrayed libraries. In contrast, pooled-library approaches often rely on phenotype-based isolation or selection of single cells by employing a flow cytometer or screening for cell survival. An arrayed placental PhenoSelect library was screened in cellular assays aimed at identifying regulators of osteogenesis, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This resulted in the identification of known regulators, as well as novel sequences that encode proteins hitherto not known to play a role in these pathways. These results establish the value of the PhenoSelect platform, in combination with cellular screens, for gene function discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Michiels
- Galapagos Genomics, Archimedesweg 4, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
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Brys R, Josson K, Castelli MP, Jurzak M, Lijnen P, Gommeren W, Leysen JE. Reconstitution of the human 5-HT(1D) receptor-G-protein coupling: evidence for constitutive activity and multiple receptor conformations. Mol Pharmacol 2000; 57:1132-41. [PMID: 10825383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 1D/1B receptors have gained particular interest as potential targets for treatment of migraine and depression. G-protein coupling and other intrinsic properties of the human 5-HT(1D) receptor were studied using a baculovirus-based expression system in Sf9 cells. Coexpression of the human 5-HT(1D) receptor with Galpha(i1), alpha(i2), alpha(i3), or Galpha(o)-proteins and Gbeta(1)gamma(2)-subunits reconstituted a Gpp(NH)p-sensitive, high affinity binding of [(3)H]5-HT to this receptor, whereas the Galpha(q)beta(1)gamma(2) heterotrimer was ineffective in this respect. Competition of [(3)H]5-HT binding by various compounds confirmed that coexpression of the human 5-HT(1D) receptor with Galpha(i/o)beta(1)gamma(2) reconstitutes the receptor in a high affinity agonist binding state, having the same pharmacological profile as the receptor expressed in mammalian cells. Binding of the antagonist ocaperidone to the human 5-HT(1D) receptor in coupled or noncoupled state was analyzed. This compound competed with [(3)H]5-HT binding more potently on the human 5-HT(1D) receptor in the noncoupled state, showing its inverse agonistic character. Ocaperidone acted as a competitive inhibitor of [(3)H]5-HT binding when tested with the coupled receptor form but not so when tested with the noncoupled receptor preparation. Finally, [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding experiments using the inverse agonist ocaperidone revealed a high level of constitutive activity of the human 5-HT(1D) receptor. Taken together, the reconstitution of the human 5-HT(1D) receptor-G-protein coupling using baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells made possible the assessment of coupling specificity and the detection of different binding states of the receptor induced by G-protein coupling or ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brys
- Janssen Research Foundation, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beerse, Belgium
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Remacle JE, Brys R, Pype S, Nelles L, Huylebroeck D. A novel expression cloning method to isolate mammalian transcription factors in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:5223-4. [PMID: 9801323 PMCID: PMC147969 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.22.5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel expression cloning strategy in the fission yeast for the isolation of mammalian transcription factors using a mammalian promoter as target. This strategy is possible because of the conservation between mammalian cells and Schizosaccharomyces pombe of the mechanism that leads to the selection of the transcription start site. It also opens new perspectives to investigate the transcriptional regulation of genes for which detailed promoter analysis is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Remacle
- Department of Cell Growth, Differentiation and Development, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Schwachtgen JL, Remacle JE, Janel N, Brys R, Huylebroeck D, Meyer D, Kerbiriou-Nabias D. Oct-1 is involved in the transcriptional repression of the von willebrand factor gene promoter. Blood 1998; 92:1247-58. [PMID: 9694713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The negative regulation of transcription of the human von Willebrand factor (vWF) gene was investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HeLa cells. A fragment spanning -89 to +244 nucleotides (nt), containing the first exon, is active in HUVECs only but not in HeLa cells. The activity of this promoter is sharply reduced by mutagenesis of the GATA binding site at +221. Extension of the upstream sequences from nt -89 to -142 and to -496 results in progressive reduction of the activity of the -89 to +244 promoter identifying a negative regulatory element between nt -142 and -89. A factor present in nuclear extracts from endothelial and nonendothelial cells binds to an AT-rich sequence located between nt -133 and -125. Mutagenesis of the AT-rich sequence interferes with nuclear protein binding and restores the activity of the -142 to +244 fragment to the level of the -89 to +244 promoter. Binding of the nuclear protein to the vWF AT-rich sequence in mobility shift assays is inhibited by competition with a consensus Oct-1 binding site and with a silencer octamer-like sequence from the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) promoter. Subsequent supershift experiments identified Oct-1 as the transcription factor that binds to vWF and VCAM-1 silencer elements. These results indicate that Oct-1 acts as a transcriptional repressor of promoters of genes expressed in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Schwachtgen
- INSERM U143, Unité de Recherches sur l'Hémostase et la Thrombose, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Bicêtre, France
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Brys R, Nelles L, van der Schueren E, Silvestre N, Huylebroeck D, Remacle JE. Identical cis-acting elements and related trans-acting factors control activity of nonviral promoter in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and mammalian cells. DNA Cell Biol 1998; 17:349-58. [PMID: 9570152 DOI: 10.1089/dna.1998.17.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the transcriptional activity of the human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This promoter is active in S. pombe, and the initiation site of transcription corresponds to the site identified previously in mammalian cells. Mutations in the AP-1-binding site (PAI-1 A box) or the HLTF-binding site (the B box), which reduced the basal and phorbol ester-induced levels of PAI-1 expression in human cells, also decreased the transcriptional activity in S. pombe. Gel retardation assays showed that an S. pombe protein binds specifically to this B box element and displays the same B box sequence requirement as HLTF. Furthermore, this yeast protein binds specifically to other HLTF-binding sites in the human immunodeficiency virus-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and the simian virus 40 (SV40) enhancer. The B box (but not a mutated B box) strongly stimulated transcription when combined with adh downstream promoter elements, indicating that the S. pombe B box-binding protein, like HLTF, is a transcriptional activator. We conclude that the transcriptional activity of the nonviral PAI-1 promoter is controlled by the same promoter elements in S. pombe as in mammalian cells. In addition, mammalian trans-acting factors that bind to these promoter elements were shown to have counterparts with conserved DNA-binding activity in S. pombe. These results further illustrate the conservation of the mechanism of transcription between mammalian cells and fission yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (CELGEN), University of Leuven, Belgium
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Remacle JE, Albrecht G, Brys R, Braus GH, Huylebroeck D. Three classes of mammalian transcription activation domain stimulate transcription in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. EMBO J 1997; 16:5722-9. [PMID: 9312030 PMCID: PMC1170203 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.18.5722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Representatives of three distinct classes of mammalian protein domain activating RNA polymerase II were fused to the yeast GAL4p DNA-binding domain. The resulting fusion proteins were tested in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe for their ability to activate transcription of different reporter constructs containing GAL4-binding sites in positions close to or far from the TATA box. The acidic-rich activation domain of VP16 stimulates transcription in S.pombe from proximal and distal positions, suggesting that the mechanism of activation is conserved from man to budding and fission yeasts. Unlike in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the glutamine-rich activation domains of Sp1, Oct1 and Oct2 activate transcription in S. pombe when tested in a proximal TATA box context. Similarly to mammalian cells, these domains are inactive or weakly active when tested in a distal position. Moreover, the proline-rich activation domains of AP-2 and CTF/NF1 display strong transcriptional activities from a TATA box-proximal position, and weak activities when tested in a remote position. Consequently, proline-rich and glutamine-rich activation domains act differently in S.cerevisiae and mammalian cells, but similarly in S.pombe and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Remacle
- Department of Cell Growth, Differentiation and Development (VIB-07), Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium.
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Yvergneaux JP, Van den Boer H, De Keyser R, Brys R. Pancreas divisum: a teenager with calculi in the duct of Santorini. Report of a case treated by double drainage procedure. Acta Chir Belg 1985; 85:67-70. [PMID: 3984634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the age of sixteen, a teenager suffers from acute recurrent pancreatitis with a weight loss of 17 kg, without evident etiologic factor. At laparotomy the duct of Wirsung is absent; calculi are found in a grossly dilated duct of Santorini and the minor papilla is stenosed with periductal fibrosis and a large retention pseudocyst. Recurrent pancreatitis is cured by sphincteroplasty of the minor papilla and side-to-side pancreatico-jejunostomy. After a follow-up of 17 months the recurrent pancreatitis seems cured by sphincteroplasty of the minor papilla and side-to-side pancreatico-jejunostomy.
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41
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Jordaens L, Heyndrickx GR, Van Kerckvoorde L, Brys R, De Keyser R. Pathologic study of echocardiography and coronary atherosclerosis. Am Heart J 1983; 105:1043-1045. [PMID: 6858828 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(83)90417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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42
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Jordaens L, Brys R, de Keyser R. [A neurological complication in a patient with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1981; 125:1831-3. [PMID: 7300941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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43
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Brys R, Haemers J, Barbier F. [A patient with toxoplasmosis and chronic liver disease]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1974; 118:904-8. [PMID: 4603270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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44
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Carpentier J, Brys R, de Keyser R. [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. Acta Clin Belg 1974; 29:161-7. [PMID: 4842893 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.1974.11716922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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45
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Verbeke R, Tasson J, Lamont H, Lameire N, Brys R. [Pigeon breeder's lung (author's transl)]. Acta Tuberc Pneumol Belg 1971; 62:489-503. [PMID: 4131637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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