Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)

We study interface properties of CoPcF x and FePcFx (x = 0 or 16) on niobium-doped SrTiO3(100) surfaces using mainly X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. For all studied molecules, a rather complex, bidirectional charge transfer with the oxide substrate was observed, involving both the macrocycle and the central metal atom. For molecules of the first monolayer, an electron transfer to the central metal atom is concluded from transition metal 2p core level photoemission spectra. The number of interacting molecules in the first monolayer on the oxide surface depends on the central metal atom of the phthalocyanine, whereas the substrate preparation has minor influence on the interaction between CoPc and SrTiO3(100). Differences of the interaction mechanism to related TiO2 surfaces are discussed.

FePc and FePcF16 on Rutile TiO2(110) and (100): Influence of the Substrate Preparation on the Interaction Strength

Interface properties of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) and perfluorinated iron phthalocyanine (FePcF16) on rutile TiO2(100) and TiO2(110) surfaces were studied using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). It is demonstrated that the interaction strength at the interfaces is considerably affected by the detailed preparation procedure. Weak interactions were observed for all studied interfaces between FePc or FePcF16 and rutile, as long as the substrate was exposed to oxygen during the annealing steps of the preparation procedure. The absence of oxygen in the last annealing step only had almost no influence on interface properties. In contrast, repeated substrate cleaning cycles performed in the absence of oxygen resulted in a more reactive, defect-rich substrate surface. On such reactive surfaces, stronger interactions were observed, including the cleavage of some C-F bonds of FePcF16.

Psycho-analytic group interview and short-term group psychotherapy with post-myocardial infarction patients

Within the framework of a research project on psychodynamic personality factors and psychotherapeutic possibilities in the after-treatment of post-myocardial infarction patients also group-analytic methods are used. The <i>therapeutic</i> relevance of group-analysis is described, and a clinical survey of the development of a short-term group process is given. A new <i>diagnostic</i> approach, i.e. the ‘psycho-analytic group interview’ as an instrument of psychodynamic research, is introduced. The protocoll of each tape-recorded group session was evaluated according to a ‘systematisized description’ using a number of formal categories (‘configurations’). Strong oral-symbiotic needs, characterized specifically by needs to incorporate human objects in order to gain ‘enormous strength and fitness’ could be observed. A deep fear of loss of identity and a strong tendency to depersonalize the ‘addiction-like’ introjected (transference-)object were apparent. Defence mechanisms of rationalisation, denial, and identification with the aggressor seem to be specific. The ego-structure, especially the group-functions of the ego in patients with myocardial infarction are characterized by these personality traits. Further investigations are necessary.