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Onuh G, Adu JK, Bekoe SO, Johnson R, Adosraku RK, Asare-Nkansah S. Bioequivalence studies of cetirizine tablets using the urine excretion data of healthy Ghanaian male volunteers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12665. [PMID: 36691524 PMCID: PMC9860417 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the wake of economic challenges, the role of generic medicines has become crucial in meeting the healthcare needs of people. Their use, however, can only be guaranteed if established to be bioequivalent to their corresponding innovator products. Aim In this study, we assess the suitability of a generic brand of cetirizine hydrochloride tablet to be used in place of the innovator brand on the Ghanaian market through bioequivalence assessment. Method An HPLC bioanalytical method was developed and validated for the detection and quantitation of cetirizine in a urine matrix. This was then used to quantify the amount of cetirizine excreted unchanged in urine samples of 12 healthy male volunteers collected over a 24-h period using a two-way crossover design approach. Results Chromatographic separation was successfully achieved with an isocratic elution on a reverse-phase column. The mean retention time for cetirizine was 2.890 ± 0.243 min. The mean cumulative amounts of cetirizine in the reference and test drugs excreted were 5.69 ± 0.98 mg and 5.82 ± 1.96 mg respectively. Other pharmacokinetic parameters including mean relative Areas Under Curve (AUC0-24) of 13.32 and 13.05 μg/mL, and peak Concentration (Cmax) of 3.378 and 3.043 μg/mL at the times at which Cmax was observed (Tmax) being 7.25 and 7.42 min were established respectively for the reference and test drugs. The relative bioavailability was determined to be 102.28, making the locally manufactured brand bioequivalent to the innovator brand. Conclusion The locally manufactured test Cetirizine drug was found to be bioequivalent with the innovator brand and could serve as a suitable alternative to the latter. Additionally, relevant pharmacokinetic parameters for cetirizine has been established using urinary excretion data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Onuh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana,Corresponding author.
| | - Joseph K. Adu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel O. Bekoe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Raphael Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Reimmel K. Adosraku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Asare-Nkansah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana,Corresponding author.
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Adusei EBA, Adosraku RK, Oppong-Kyekyeku J, Amengor CDK, Jibira Y. Resistance Modulation Action, Time-Kill Kinetics Assay, and Inhibition of Biofilm Formation Effects of Plumbagin from Plumbago zeylanica Linn. J Trop Med 2019; 2019:1250645. [PMID: 31885632 PMCID: PMC6899278 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1250645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to the prevention and treatment of the increasing range of infectious diseases. There is therefore the need for renewed efforts into antimicrobial discovery and development to combat the menace. The antimicrobial activity of plumbagin isolated from roots of Plumbago zeylanica against selected organisms was evaluated for resistance modulation antimicrobial assay, time-kill kinetics assay, and inhibition of biofilm formation. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of plumbagin and standard drugs were determined via the broth microdilution method to be 0.5 to 8 μg/mL and 0.25-128 μg/mL, respectively. In the resistance modulation study, MICs of the standard drugs were redetermined in the presence of subinhibitory concentration of plumbagin (4 μg/mL), and plumbagin was found to either potentiate or reduce the activities of these standard drugs with the highest potentiation recorded up to 12-folds for ketoconazole against Candida albicans. Plumbagin was found to be bacteriostatic and fungistatic from the time-kill kinetics study. Plumbagin demonstrated strong inhibition of biofilm formation activity at concentrations of 128, 64, and 32 μg/mL against the test microorganisms compared with ciprofloxacin. Plumbagin has been proved through this study to be a suitable lead compound in antimicrobial resistance drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel B. A. Adusei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Reimmel K. Adosraku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - James Oppong-Kyekyeku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Cedric D. K. Amengor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Yakubu Jibira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Ameyaw EO, Woode E, Boakye-Gyasi E, Abotsi WKM, Kyekyeku JO, Adosraku RK. Anti-allodynic and Anti-hyperalgesic effects of an ethanolic extract and xylopic acid from the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica in murine models of neuropathic pain. Pharmacognosy Res 2014; 6:172-9. [PMID: 24761123 PMCID: PMC3996755 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.129041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fruit extracts of Xylopia aethiopica are used traditionally in the management of pain disorders including headache and neuralgia. An animal model of vincristine-induced sensory neuropathy was developed after repeated intraperitoneal injection in rats and used in the present work to study the effects of the ethanolic extract of X. aethiopica (XAE) and its diterpene xylopic acid (XA) in vincristine-induced neuropathic pain. Materials and Methods: Vincristine (0.1 mg kg-1 day-1) was administered during two cycles of five consecutive days to induce chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Static tactile anti-allodynic, anti-hyperalgesic, and cold anti-allodynic effects of XAE (30-300 mg kg-1) and XA (10-100 mg kg-1) were assessed using Von Frey filaments of bending forces of 4, 8, and 15 g, the Randall-Selitto paw pressure test, and cold water (4.5°C), respectively. Results: Administration of vincristine caused the development of allodynia and hyperalgesia with no significant motor deficit, spontaneous pain, and foot deformity. XAE (30-300 mg kg-1) and XA (10-100 mg kg-1) exhibited anti-hyperalgesic, tactile, and cold anti-allodynic properties with XA exhibiting greater potency than XAE. Pregabalin (10-100 mg kg-1) used as control produced similar effect. Conclusion: These findings establish the anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects of the ethanolic fruit XAE and its major diterpene XA in vincristine-induced neuropathtic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis O Ameyaw
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Boakye-Gyasi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wonder K M Abotsi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - James Oppong Kyekyeku
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Reimmel K Adosraku
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Lemaire PA, Adosraku RK. An HPLC method for the direct assay of the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytrophan, in seeds of Griffonia simplicifolia. Phytochem Anal 2002; 13:333-337. [PMID: 12494751 DOI: 10.1002/pca.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptophan (1) is a naturally occurring amino acid found in significant levels in seeds of Griffonia simplicifolia and used in the treatment of the numerous effects of serotonin deficiency syndrome. An HPLC method has been developed for the direct assay of 1 in seeds of G. simplicifolia which overcomes the problems associated with previous techniques. By optimising the solvent extraction procedures and the HPLC conditions, levels of 1 could be estimated following a single-step seed extraction. The chromatographic conditions, solvent system and the extraction technique developed make this method relatively simple, fast and efficient. Using the described methods, the highest ever levels of 1 (namely, 20.83% on a fresh weight basis) have been determined in seeds of G. simplicifolia obtained in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Lemaire
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Adosraku RK, Smith JD, Nicolaou A, Gibbons WA. Tetrahymena thermophila: analysis of phospholipids and phosphonolipids by high-field 1H-NMR. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996; 1299:167-74. [PMID: 8555261 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(95)00181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The phospholipids of control and lipid-modified Tetrahymena thermophila were identified and quantified, using 1-D and 2-D COSY proton NMR spectroscopy on intact lipids, before and after HPLC separation. The results are comparable to those obtained using classical lipid analytical techniques. The results indicate that the study of enzyme pathways and other metabolic processes involving phospholipids in Tetrahymena and related protozoa can be carried out using proton NMR spectroscopy as the investigating technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Adosraku
- University-Industry Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK
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Abstract
A combination of high-resolution one-dimensional and two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods and high pressure liquid chromatography have been used to analyse qualitatively and quantitatively the phospholipids, cholesterol and fatty acid composition of normal human blood platelets. The major phospholipids present were identified and quantified. Information on the nature and composition of the different classes of structural phospholipids and unsaturated fatty acids was obtained and was similar to that reported by others using different analytical procedures. This work showed that the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy approach to lipid analysis could provide rapid, comprehensive and detailed information on the roles of lipids in pathological conditions in which platelets have been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Yeboah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK
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Adosraku RK, Choi GT, Constantinou-Kokotos V, Anderson MM, Gibbons WA. NMR lipid profiles of cells, tissues, and body fluids: proton NMR analysis of human erythrocyte lipids. J Lipid Res 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Adosraku RK, Choi GT, Constantinou-Kokotos V, Anderson MM, Gibbons WA. NMR lipid profiles of cells, tissues, and body fluids: proton NMR analysis of human erythrocyte lipids. J Lipid Res 1994; 35:1925-31. [PMID: 7868971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One- and two-dimensional high resolution NMR spectroscopy was applied to determine quantitatively and qualitatively the lipids extracted from human erythrocyte membranes. The relative amounts of the major lipids were determined from the spectra of unfractionated lipid extracts. After HPLC fractionation of the lipid extracts and NMR analysis of the fractions, it was possible to determine the features of the component lipids of each lipid class and to compare, especially, the fatty acid types and composition of the individual major glycerophospholipids. The results of this proton NMR analysis were compared to those obtained elsewhere using classical lipid analytical techniques and found to be in substantial agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Adosraku
- University Industry Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London
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Adosraku RK, Anderson MM, Anderson GJ, Choi G, Croft SL, Yardley V, Phillipson JD, Gibbons WA. Proton NMR lipid profile of Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1993; 62:251-62. [PMID: 8139618 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(93)90114-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lipid profile of Leishmania donovani was obtained in the one-dimensional and two-dimensional modes. Partial assignments of lipid classes and individual lipids were obtained purely from the proton NMR spectrum of the mixture. A more complete assignment and quantitative analysis was achieved by prior separation of the lipids by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by proton NMR analysis of the fractions. This work showed that proton NMR spectroscopy could facilitate lipid analysis and classification of various parasitic protozoa and serve as a basis for rapid studies of comparative lipid metabolism in parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Adosraku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, London, UK
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