Modifying cellulose fibres with carbon dots: a promising approach for the development of antimicrobial fibres

This study focuses on the development of antimicrobial fibres for use in medical and healthcare textile industries. Carbon dots (CDs) were designed with boronic acid groups for the attachment to cellulose fibres found in cotton textiles and to enhance their attachment to glycogens on bacterial surfaces. Boronic acid-based and curcumin-based CDs were prepared and characterized using various techniques, showing a nanoscale size and zeta potential values. The CDs inhibited the growth of both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli bacteria, with UV-activated CDs demonstrating improved antibacterial activity. The antimicrobial activity of the CDs was then tested, revealing strong adherence to cellulose paper fibres with no CD diffusion and potent inhibition of bacterial growth. Cytotoxicity assays on human cell lines showed no toxicity towards cells at concentrations of up to 100 µg ml-1 but exhibited increased toxicity at concentrations exceeding 1000 µg ml-1. However, CD-modified cellulose paper fibres showed no toxicity against human cell lines, highlighting the antimicrobial properties of the CD-modified cellulose fibres are safe for human use. These findings show promising potential for applications in both industrial and clinical settings.

Cloud computing and machine learning for analysis of health care data based on neuro fuzzy logistic regression

Healthcare data is the most sensitive information for processing through machine learning and cloud computing in the various healthcare organizations. Electronic Health Record (EHR) manipulation are now on the rise, and we need to focus on using the data generated by the healthcare applications. Many sensitive data are associated with various health care domains, particularly neurology and cardiology. Previous approaches, such as manual data records, had significant disadvantages, and hence disease prediction based on the above records was found ineffective resulting with improper diagnosis on the patients. These data records require special attention, and current frameworks focused on these areas must implement sophisticated technologies to predict specific patterns. To address the above concerns, the proposed work incorporates the integration of Neuro Fuzzy Logistic Regression (NFLR) machine learning algorithm and cloud computing storage management to solve these problems. The usage of cloud storage reduces data duplication while handling the storage of EHRs where the proposed ML algorithm accurately predict the disease. In the proposed research, the features are extracted using a specific algorithm –Self-organizing Clustering (SOC) which forms a clustered data with highest weight. To select the maximum number of features, and to predict the disease risk factors, the S2NO algorithm and NFLR algorithms are used in this work. Further, the database storage estimation with fuzzy rules, logistic analysis, and other benefits such as experimental learning of different ML tools, data privacy constraints related to healthcare are considered in this paper.

Development of Liposome-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of Cardiac Troponin I

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the foremost causes of mortality in intensive care units worldwide. The development of a rapid method to quantify cardiac troponin I (cTnI)—the gold-standard biomarker of myocardial infarction (MI) (or “heart attack”)—becomes crucial in the early diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). This study investigates the development of an efficient fluorescent “sandwich” immunoassay using liposome-based fluorescent signal amplification and thereby enables the sensing and quantification of serum-cTnI at a concentration relevant to clinical settings. The calcein-loaded liposomes were utilized as fluorescent nano vehicles, and these have exhibited appropriate stability and efficient fluorescent properties. The standardized assay was sensitive and selective towards cTnI in both physiological buffer solutions and spiked human serum samples. The novel assay presented noble analytical results with sound dynamic linearity over a wide concentration range of 0 to 320 ng/mL and a detection limit of 6.5 ng/mL for cTnI in the spiked human serum.

Fluorescent Immunoassays for Detection and Quantification of Cardiac Troponin I: A Short Review

Cardiovascular diseases are considered one of the major causes of human death globally. Myocardial infarction (MI), characterized by a diminished flow of blood to the heart, presents the highest rate of morbidity and mortality among all other cardiovascular diseases. These fatal effects have triggered the need for early diagnosis of appropriate biomarkers so that countermeasures can be taken. Cardiac troponin, the central key element of muscle regulation and contraction, is the most specific biomarker for cardiac injury and is considered the “gold standard”. Due to its high specificity, the measurement of cardiac troponin levels has become the predominant indicator of MI. Various forms of diagnostic methods have been developed so far, including chemiluminescence, fluorescence immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, surface plasmon resonance, electrical detection, and colorimetric protein assays. However, fluorescence-based immunoassays are considered fast, accurate and most sensitive of all in the determination of cardiac troponins post-MI. This review represents the strategies, methods and levels of detection involved in the reported fluorescence-based immunoassays for the detection of cardiac troponin I.

pH-Dependent Thermal Stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase

BACKGROUND

pH is one of the decisive macromolecular properties of proteins that significantly affects enzyme structure, stability and reaction rate. Change in pH may protonate or deprotonate the side group of aminoacid residues in the protein, thereby resulting in changes in chemical and structural features. Hence studies on the kinetics of enzyme deactivation by pH are important for assessing the bio-functionality of industrial enzymes. L-asparaginase is one such important enzyme that has potent applications in cancer therapy and food industry.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study is to understand and analyze the influence of pH on deactivation and stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase.

METHODS

Kinetic studies were conducted to analyze the effect of pH on stability and deactivation of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase. Circular Dichroism (CD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies have been carried out to understand the pH-dependent conformational changes in the secondary structure of V. cholerae L-asparaginase.

RESULTS

The enzyme was found to be least stable at extreme acidic conditions (pH< 4.5) and exhibited a gradual increase in melting temperature from 40 to 81 °C within pH range of 4.0 to 7.0. Thermodynamic properties of protein were estimated and at pH 7.0 the protein exhibited ΔG37of 26.31 kcal mole-1, ΔH of 204.27 kcal mole-1 and ΔS of 574.06 cal mole-1 K-1.

CONCLUSION

The stability and thermodynamic analysis revealed that V. cholerae L-asparaginase was highly stable over a wide range of pH, with the highest stability in the pH range of 5.0-7.0.

Taming rogue waves in vector Bose-Einstein condensates

Using gauge transformation method, we generate rogue waves for the two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) governed by the symmetric coupled Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations and study their dynamics. We also suggest a mechanism to tame the rogue waves either by manipulating the scattering length through Feshbach resonance or the trapping frequency, a phenomenon not witnessed in the domain of BECs, and we believe that these results may have wider ramifications in the management of rogons.

Rotation of the trajectories of bright solitons and realignment of intensity distribution in the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We reconsider the collisional dynamics of bright solitons in the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We observe that apart from the intensity redistribution in the interaction of bright solitons, one also witnesses a rotation of the trajectories of bright solitons. The angle of rotation can be varied by suitably manipulating the self-phase-modulation (SPM) or cross-phase-modulation (XPM) parameters. The rotation of the trajectories of the bright solitons arises due to the excess energy that is injected into the dynamical system through SPM or XPM. This extra energy contributes not only to the rotation of the trajectories, but also to the realignment of intensity distribution between the two modes. We also notice that the angular separation between the bright solitons can also be maneuvered suitably. The above results, which exclude quantum superposition for the field vectors, may have wider ramifications in nonlinear optics, Bose-Einstein condensates, and left- and right-handed metamaterials.

Role of medicinal plant Salacia Reticulata in the management of Type II Diabetic Subjects

Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death and ranks third among the chronic diseases. Recent studies have shown that up to 10 % of India's urban population and 2 % of the rural population above the age of 15 years have diabetes and WHO had declared India as the diabetic capital of the world. India has wealth of medicinalplants, and these plants have credited to the development of therapeutic agents for various ailments and diseases. Hark of Salacia Reticulata was screened for its hypoglycemic and hypo-lipidaemic effect. A- total of 60 type II diabetics were enrolled, consisting of experimental group 30 and control group 30. Experimental group received 2 grams of Kadalazhinjil powder daily for a period of 90 days and control group did not receive any supplements. Blood glucose levels before and after medications were estimated in both groups at baseline and at 90 days. There was insignificant reduction in fasting blood glucose, HbA(1) c and lipid levels at the end of 90 days in the supplemented group. The experimental group showed encouraging results which call for long term supplementation in Diabetes Mellitus.

Hypolipidemic potential of Panicum miliare on selected cardiovascular subjects

Hypolipidemic effect of Samai (.i.e. Panicum miliare) on selected fifty cardiovascular patients were studied for a period of sixty days (25 control; 25 supplemented with Samai). Lipid profiles were analyzed before and after supplementation period for both control and experimental group. It was heartwarming to note that all the lipid values with the exception of HDL - cholesterol had reduced after supplementation with Samai and the reductions were statistically significant at 1 per cent level. There was a mild increase in the HDL cholesterol level, which was desirable.