1
|
Perez-Gavilan A, de Castro JV, Arana A, Merino S, Retolaza A, Alves SA, Francone A, Kehagias N, Sotomayor-Torres CM, Cocina D, Mortera R, Crapanzano S, Pelegrín CJ, Garrigos MC, Jiménez A, Galindo B, Araque MC, Dykeman D, Neves NM, Marimón JM. Antibacterial activity testing methods for hydrophobic patterned surfaces. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6675. [PMID: 33758227 PMCID: PMC7988007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One strategy to decrease the incidence of hospital-acquired infections is to avoid the survival of pathogens in the environment by the development of surfaces with antimicrobial activity. To study the antibacterial behaviour of active surfaces, different approaches have been developed of which ISO 22916 is the standard. To assess the performance of different testing methodologies to analyse the antibacterial activity of hydrophobic surface patterned plastics as part of a Horizon 2020 European research project. Four different testing methods were used to study the antibacterial activity of a patterned film, including the ISO 22916 standard, the immersion method, the touch-transfer inoculation method, and the swab inoculation method, this latter developed specifically for this project. The non-realistic test conditions of the ISO 22916 standard showed this method to be non-appropriate in the study of hydrophobic patterned surfaces. The immersion method also showed no differences between patterned films and smooth controls due to the lack of attachment of testing bacteria on both surfaces. The antibacterial activity of films could be demonstrated by the touch-transfer and the swab inoculation methods, that more precisely mimicked the way of high-touch surfaces contamination, and showed to be the best methodologies to test the antibacterial activity of patterned hydrophobic surfaces. A new ISO standard would be desirable as the reference method to study the antibacterial behaviour of patterned surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Perez-Gavilan
- Biodonostia, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Microbiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joana Vieira de Castro
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute On Biomaterials, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal and The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ainara Arana
- Biodonostia, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Microbiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Santos Merino
- Tekniker. Iñaki Goenaga 5, 20600, Eibar, Spain.,Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad Del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | | | | | - Achille Francone
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Kehagias
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clivia M Sotomayor-Torres
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Donato Cocina
- Propagroup S.P.a. - R&D Department, via Genova 5/b, 10098, Rivoli (Turin), Italy
| | - Renato Mortera
- Propagroup S.P.a. - R&D Department, via Genova 5/b, 10098, Rivoli (Turin), Italy
| | - Salvatore Crapanzano
- Propagroup S.P.a. - R&D Department, via Genova 5/b, 10098, Rivoli (Turin), Italy
| | - Carlos Javier Pelegrín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Carmen Garrigos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alfonso Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Begoña Galindo
- AIMPLAS Technological Institute of Polymers, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Araque
- AIMPLAS Technological Institute of Polymers, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Donna Dykeman
- Materials Business Unit, Collaborative R&D Department, Ansys Inc, Cambridge, CB17EG, UK
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute On Biomaterials, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal and The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jose Maria Marimón
- Biodonostia, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Microbiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain. .,Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Paseo Dr Beguiristain s/n, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guidi P, Nigro M, Bernardeschi M, Scarcelli V, Lucchesi P, Onida B, Mortera R, Frenzilli G. Genotoxicity of amorphous silica particles with different structure and dimension in human and murine cell lines. Mutagenesis 2013; 28:171-80. [PMID: 23325795 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although amorphous silica is used in food products, cosmetics and paints and as vector for drug delivery, data on its potential health hazard are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of silica particles of different sizes (250 and 500nm) and structures (dense and mesoporous). Dense silica (DS) spheres were prepared by sol-gel synthesis, mesoporous silica particles (MCM-41) were prepared using hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as a structure-directing agent and tetraethylorthosilicate as silica source. Particles were accurately characterised by dynamic light scattering, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Murine macrophages (RAW264.7) and human epithelial lung (A549) cell lines were selected for investigation. Genotoxicity was evaluated by Comet assay and micronucleus test. Cytotoxicity was tested by the trypan blue method. Cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 µg/cm(2) of different silica powders for 4 and 24 h. The intracellular localisation of silica was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Amorphous particles penetrated into the cells, being compartmentalised within endocytic vacuoles. DS and MCM-41 particles induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in A549 and RAW264.7 although to different extent in the two cell lines. A549 were resistant in terms of cell viability, but showed a generalised induction of DNA strand breaks. RAW264.7 were susceptible to amorphous silica exposure, exhibiting both cytotoxic and genotoxic responses as DNA strand breaks and chromosomal alterations. The cytotoxic response of RAW264.7 was particularly relevant after MCM-41 exposure. The genotoxicity of amorphous silica highlights the need for a proper assessment of its potential hazard for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Guidi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Unità di Biologia applicata e Genetica, Università di Pisa, Via A. Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ariano P, Zamburlin P, Gilardino A, Mortera R, Onida B, Tomatis M, Ghiazza M, Fubini B, Lovisolo D. Interaction of spherical silica nanoparticles with neuronal cells: size-dependent toxicity and perturbation of calcium homeostasis. Small 2011; 7:766-74. [PMID: 21302356 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Stöber silica nanoparticles on neuronal survival, proliferation, and on the underlying perturbations in calcium homeostasis are investigated on the well-differentiated neuronal cell line GT1-7. The responses to nanoparticles 50 and 200 nm in diameter are compared. The 50-nm silica affects neuronal survival/proliferation in a dose-dependent way, by stimulating apoptotic processes. In contrast, the 200-nm silica does not show any toxic effect even at relatively high concentrations (292 μg mL−1). To identify the mechanisms underlying these effects, the changes in intracellular calcium concentration elicited by acute and chronic administration of the two silica nanoparticles are analyzed. The 50-nm silica at toxic concentrations generates huge and long-lasting increases in intracellular calcium, whereas the 200-nm silica only induces transient signals of much lower amplitude. These findings provide the first evidence that silica nanoparticles can induce toxic effects on neuronal cells in a size-dependent way, and that these effects are related to the degree of perturbation of calcium homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ariano
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, University of Torino, Via A. Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|