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Cardil A, Rodrigues M, Barbero R, Ramírez J, Stoof C, Silva CA, Mohan M, Gelabert P, Ortega M, de-Miguel S. Reply to: Satellite artifacts modulate FireCCILT11 global burned area. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2080. [PMID: 38459028 PMCID: PMC10923893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cardil
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO - CERCA, Solsona, Spain.
- Technosylva Inc, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Forest and Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Marcos Rodrigues
- Department of Geography and Land Management, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Renaud Barbero
- INRAE, RECOVER, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, 13182, France
| | | | - Cathelijne Stoof
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Alberto Silva
- Forest Biometrics and Remote Sensing Laboratory (Silva Lab), School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Midhun Mohan
- Department of Geography, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94709, USA
| | - Pere Gelabert
- Department of Forest and Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Macarena Ortega
- Forest Fire Laboratory, Department of Forest Engineering, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sergio de-Miguel
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO - CERCA, Solsona, Spain.
- Department of Forest and Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
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2
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Andersen P, Barksdale S, Barclay RA, Smith N, Fernandes J, Besse K, Goldfarb D, Barbero R, Dunlap R, Jones-Roe T, Kelly R, Miao S, Ruhunusiri C, Munns A, Mosavi S, Sanson L, Munns D, Sahoo S, Swahn O, Hull K, White D, Kolb K, Noroozi F, Seelam J, Patnaik A, Lepene B. Magnetic hydrogel particles improve nanopore sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2163. [PMID: 36750714 PMCID: PMC9903261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Presented here is a magnetic hydrogel particle enabled workflow for capturing and concentrating SARS-CoV-2 from diagnostic remnant swab samples that significantly improves sequencing results using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencing platform. Our approach utilizes a novel affinity-based magnetic hydrogel particle, circumventing low input sample volumes and allowing for both rapid manual and automated high throughput workflows that are compatible with Nanopore sequencing. This approach enhances standard RNA extraction protocols, providing up to 40 × improvements in viral mapped reads, and improves sequencing coverage by 20-80% from lower titer diagnostic remnant samples. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach works for contrived influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus samples, suggesting that it can be used to identify and improve sequencing results of multiple viruses in VTM samples. These methods can be performed manually or on a KingFisher automation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Andersen
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - S Barksdale
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - R A Barclay
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - N Smith
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - J Fernandes
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - K Besse
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - D Goldfarb
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - R Barbero
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - R Dunlap
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - T Jones-Roe
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - R Kelly
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - S Miao
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - C Ruhunusiri
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - A Munns
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - S Mosavi
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - L Sanson
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - D Munns
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - S Sahoo
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - O Swahn
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - K Hull
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - D White
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - K Kolb
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - F Noroozi
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - J Seelam
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - A Patnaik
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - B Lepene
- Ceres Nanosciences, Inc., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
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3
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Cardil A, Rodrigues M, Tapia M, Barbero R, Ramírez J, Stoof CR, Silva CA, Mohan M, de-Miguel S. Climate teleconnections modulate global burned area. Nat Commun 2023; 14:427. [PMID: 36702835 PMCID: PMC9879971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate teleconnections (CT) remotely influence weather conditions in many regions on Earth, entailing changes in primary drivers of fire activity such as vegetation biomass accumulation and moisture. We reveal significant relationships between the main global CTs and burned area that vary across and within continents and biomes according to both synchronous and lagged signals, and marked regional patterns. Overall, CTs modulate 52.9% of global burned area, the Tropical North Atlantic mode being the most relevant CT. Here, we summarized the CT-fire relationships into a set of six global CT domains that are discussed by continent, considering the underlying mechanisms relating weather patterns and vegetation types with burned area across the different world's biomes. Our findings highlight the regional CT-fire relationships worldwide, aiming to further support fire management and policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cardil
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Solsona, Spain.
- Technosylva Inc, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Marcos Rodrigues
- Department of Geography and Land Management, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- GEOFOREST Research Group, University Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences of Aragon (IUCA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Renaud Barbero
- INRAE, RECOVER, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, 13182, France
| | | | - Cathelijne R Stoof
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Alberto Silva
- Forest Biometrics and Remote Sensing Laboratory (Silva Lab), School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Midhun Mohan
- Department of Geography, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94709, USA
| | - Sergio de-Miguel
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Solsona, Spain.
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
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Barucca L, Hering W, Perez Martin S, Bubelis E, Del Nevo A, Di Prinzio M, Caramello M, D'Alessandro A, Tarallo A, Vallone E, Moscato I, Quartararo A, D'amico S, Giannetti F, Lorusso P, Narcisi V, Ciurluini C, Montes Pita M, Sánchez C, Rovira A, Santana D, Gonzales P, Barbero R, Zaupa M, Szogradi M, Normann S, Vaananen M, Ylatalo J, Lewandowska M, Malinowski L, Martelli E, Froio A, Arena P, Tincani A. Maturation of critical technologies for the DEMO balance of plant systems. Fusion Engineering and Design 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Pimont F, Fargeon H, Opitz T, Ruffault J, Barbero R, Martin-StPaul N, Rigolot E, RiviÉre M, Dupuy JL. Prediction of regional wildfire activity in the probabilistic Bayesian framework of Firelihood. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02316. [PMID: 33636026 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modeling wildfire activity is crucial for informing science-based risk management and understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of fire-prone ecosystems worldwide. Models help disentangle the relative influences of different factors, understand wildfire predictability, and provide insights into specific events. Here, we develop Firelihood, a two-component, Bayesian, hierarchically structured, probabilistic model of daily fire activity, which is modeled as the outcome of a marked point process: individual fires are the points (occurrence component), and fire sizes are the marks (size component). The space-time Poisson model for occurrence is adjusted to gridded fire counts using the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) combined with the stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) approach. The size model is based on piecewise-estimated Pareto and generalized Pareto distributions, adjusted with INLA. The Fire Weather Index (FWI) and forest area are the main explanatory variables. Temporal and spatial residuals are included to improve the consistency of the relationship between weather and fire occurrence. The posterior distribution of the Bayesian model provided 1,000 replications of fire activity that were compared with observations at various temporal and spatial scales in Mediterranean France. The number of fires larger than 1 ha across the region was coarsely reproduced at the daily scale, and was more accurately predicted on a weekly basis or longer. The regional weekly total number of larger fires (10-100 ha) was predicted as well, but the accuracy degraded with size, as the model uncertainty increased with event rareness. Local predictions of fire numbers or burned areas also required a longer aggregation period to maintain model accuracy. The estimation of fires larger than 1 ha was also consistent with observations during the extreme fire season of the 2003 unprecedented heat wave, but the model systematically underrepresented large fires and burned areas, which suggests that the FWI does not consistently rate the actual danger of large fire occurrence during heat waves. Firelihood enabled a novel analysis of the stochasticity underlying fire hazard, and offers a variety of applications, including fire hazard predictions for management and projections in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Pimont
- Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), INRAe, Avignon, 84914, France
| | - Héléne Fargeon
- Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), INRAe, Avignon, 84914, France
| | - Thomas Opitz
- Biostatistics and Spatial Processes, INRAe, Avignon, 84914, France
| | - Julien Ruffault
- Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), INRAe, Avignon, 84914, France
| | - Renaud Barbero
- Ecosystèmes Méditerranéens et Risques, INRAe, Aix-en-Provence, 13182, France
| | | | - Eric Rigolot
- Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), INRAe, Avignon, 84914, France
| | - Miguel RiviÉre
- Université de Lorraine, Université de Strasbourg, AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRAe, BETA, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dupuy
- Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), INRAe, Avignon, 84914, France
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6
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Fowler HJ, Ali H, Allan RP, Ban N, Barbero R, Berg P, Blenkinsop S, Cabi NS, Chan S, Dale M, Dunn RJH, Ekström M, Evans JP, Fosser G, Golding B, Guerreiro SB, Hegerl GC, Kahraman A, Kendon EJ, Lenderink G, Lewis E, Li X, O'Gorman PA, Orr HG, Peat KL, Prein AF, Pritchard D, Schär C, Sharma A, Stott PA, Villalobos-Herrera R, Villarini G, Wasko C, Wehner MF, Westra S, Whitford A. Towards advancing scientific knowledge of climate change impacts on short-duration rainfall extremes. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20190542. [PMID: 33641464 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A large number of recent studies have aimed at understanding short-duration rainfall extremes, due to their impacts on flash floods, landslides and debris flows and potential for these to worsen with global warming. This has been led in a concerted international effort by the INTENSE Crosscutting Project of the GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Exchanges) Hydroclimatology Panel. Here, we summarize the main findings so far and suggest future directions for research, including: the benefits of convection-permitting climate modelling; towards understanding mechanisms of change; the usefulness of temperature-scaling relations; towards detecting and attributing extreme rainfall change; and the need for international coordination and collaboration. Evidence suggests that the intensity of long-duration (1 day+) heavy precipitation increases with climate warming close to the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) rate (6-7% K-1), although large-scale circulation changes affect this response regionally. However, rare events can scale at higher rates, and localized heavy short-duration (hourly and sub-hourly) intensities can respond more strongly (e.g. 2 × CC instead of CC). Day-to-day scaling of short-duration intensities supports a higher scaling, with mechanisms proposed for this related to local-scale dynamics of convective storms, but its relevance to climate change is not clear. Uncertainty in changes to precipitation extremes remains and is influenced by many factors, including large-scale circulation, convective storm dynamics andstratification. Despite this, recent research has increased confidence in both the detectability and understanding of changes in various aspects of intense short-duration rainfall. To make further progress, the international coordination of datasets, model experiments and evaluations will be required, with consistent and standardized comparison methods and metrics, and recommendations are made for these frameworks. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes and implications for flash flood risks'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley J Fowler
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Haider Ali
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard P Allan
- Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Nikolina Ban
- Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renaud Barbero
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Peter Berg
- Hydrology Research Unit, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
| | | | - Nalan Senol Cabi
- Willis Research Network (WRN), Willis Towers Watson (WTW), London, UK
| | - Steven Chan
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Marie Ekström
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Jason P Evans
- Climate Change Research Centre and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Selma B Guerreiro
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Abdullah Kahraman
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Geert Lenderink
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, the Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Lewis
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul A O'Gorman
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | | | - Katy L Peat
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Bristol, UK
| | | | - David Pritchard
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christoph Schär
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ashish Sharma
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Stott
- Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Roberto Villalobos-Herrera
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Gabriele Villarini
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Conrad Wasko
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael F Wehner
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, San Francisco, USA
| | - Seth Westra
- School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna Whitford
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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7
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Moron V, Barbero R, Fowler HJ, Mishra V. Storm types in India: linking rainfall duration, spatial extent and intensity. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200137. [PMID: 33641468 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We examine wet events (WEs) defined from an hourly rainfall dataset based on 64 gauged observations across India (1969-2016). More than 90% of the WEs (accounting for nearly 60% of total rainfall) are found to last less than or equal to 5 h. WEs are then clustered into six canonical local-scale storm profiles (CanWE). The most frequent canonical type (CanWE#1 and #2) are associated with very short and nominal rainfall. The remaining canonical WEs can be grouped into two broad families: (i) CanWE#3 and #5 with short (usually less than or equal to 3-4 h), but very intense rainfall strongly phase-locked onto the diurnal cycle (initiation peaks in mid-afternoon) and probably related to isolated thunderstorms or small mesoscale convective clusters (MCS), and (ii) CanWE#4 and #6 with longer and lighter rainfall in mean (but not necessarily for their maximum) and more independent of the diurnal cycle, thus probably related to larger MCSs or tropical lows. The spatial extent of the total rainfall received during each CanWE, as shown by IMERG gridded rainfall, is indeed smaller for CanWE#3 and #5 than for CanWE#4 and especially #6. Most of the annual maximum 1 hour rainfalls occur during CanWE#5. Long-term trend analysis of the June-September canonical WEs across boreal monsoonal India reveals an increase in the relative frequency of the convective storm types CanWE#3 and #5 in recent years, as expected from global warming and thermodynamic considerations. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes and implications for flash flood risks'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Moron
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll. de France, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France
| | | | - Hayley J Fowler
- Centre for Earth Systems Engineering Research, School of Engineering, Cassie Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Vimal Mishra
- Civil Engineering, IIT Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, India
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8
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Lenderink G, de Vries H, Fowler HJ, Barbero R, van Ulft B, van Meijgaard E. Scaling and responses of extreme hourly precipitation in three climate experiments with a convection-permitting model. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20190544. [PMID: 33641466 PMCID: PMC7934957 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that future rainfall extremes will intensify. This expectation is tied to the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) relation, stating that the maximum water vapour content in the atmosphere increases by 6-7% per degree warming. Scaling rates for the dependency of hourly precipitation extremes on near-surface (dew point) temperature derived from day-to-day variability have been found to exceed this relation (super-CC). However, both the applicability of this approach in a long-term climate change context, and the physical realism of super-CC rates have been questioned. Here, we analyse three different climate change experiments with a convection-permitting model over Western Europe: simple uniform-warming, 11-year pseudo-global warming and 11-year global climate model driven. The uniform-warming experiment results in consistent increases to the intensity of hourly rainfall extremes of approximately 11% per degree for moderate to high extremes. The other two, more realistic, experiments show smaller increases-usually at or below the CC rate-for moderate extremes, mostly resulting from significant decreases to rainfall occurrence. However, changes to the most extreme events are broadly consistent with 1.5-2 times the CC rate (10-14% per degree), as predicted from the present-day scaling rate for the highest percentiles. This result has important implications for climate adaptation. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes and implications for flash flood risks'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Lenderink
- KNMI, RDWK, De Bilt, The Netherlands
- Geoscience & Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hayley J. Fowler
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Renaud Barbero
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- INRAE, RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
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Ruffault J, Curt T, Moron V, Trigo RM, Mouillot F, Koutsias N, Pimont F, Martin-StPaul N, Barbero R, Dupuy JL, Russo A, Belhadj-Khedher C. Increased likelihood of heat-induced large wildfires in the Mediterranean Basin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13790. [PMID: 32796945 PMCID: PMC7427790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildfire activity is expected to increase across the Mediterranean Basin because of climate change. However, the effects of future climate change on the combinations of atmospheric conditions that promote wildfire activity remain largely unknown. Using a fire-weather based classification of wildfires, we show that future climate scenarios point to an increase in the frequency of two heat-induced fire-weather types that have been related to the largest wildfires in recent years. Heat-induced fire-weather types are characterized by compound dry and warm conditions occurring during summer heatwaves, either under moderate (heatwave type) or intense (hot drought type) drought. The frequency of heat-induced fire-weather is projected to increase by 14% by the end of the century (2071–2100) under the RCP4.5 scenario, and by 30% under the RCP8.5, suggesting that the frequency and extent of large wildfires will increase throughout the Mediterranean Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ruffault
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Avignon, France. .,INRAE, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (UR 629), Avignon, France.
| | - Thomas Curt
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Vincent Moron
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll. de France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Ricardo M Trigo
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Meteorologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-916, Brazil
| | - Florent Mouillot
- CEFE, UMR 5175, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, univ. Paul Valery Montpellier 3, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nikos Koutsias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, G. Seferi 2, 30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - François Pimont
- INRAE, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (UR 629), Avignon, France
| | | | - Renaud Barbero
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dupuy
- INRAE, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (UR 629), Avignon, France
| | - Ana Russo
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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Bottero E, Benvenuti E, Ferriani R, Manassero E, Re G, Barbero R. Preliminary comparative serological evaluation of Histamine H2 receptors in dogs with an acute onset of vomiting treated with Ranitidine and healthy dogs. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 10:100138. [PMID: 32775765 PMCID: PMC7399163 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ranitidine (RT) is an antagonist against H2 histamine receptors (H2R) that weakly suppress acid secretion in patients. Despite that a clinical effect is often achieved. H2 antagonists (H2RA) also called H2 blockers, are a group of medications that block the action of histamine at the H2R of parietal cells in the stomach. Preliminary analysis indicates that the levels of H2 receptors in the serum and gastric walls are the same. Evidence suggests that the level of H2 receptors in dogs with acute vomiting is greater than in healthy dogs, thus probably contributing to a greater efficiency of ranitidine treatment.
Despite the lack of evidence of the ability to suppress gastric acid secretion in dogs, ranitidine (RT) is often used to control clinical signs in dogs with acute vomiting even if the way it happens it is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ranitidine on H2 receptors in dogs with acute vomiting. To investigate the RT activity a preliminary study was performed in dogs which underwent gastroscopy analyses, demonstrating that the level of H2R observed in the serum and gastric wall tissue was the same [1.473(1.30; 1.79) ng/ml and 1.498 (1.33; 1.85) ng/ml, respectively]. After that H2R levels in the serum of 22 healthy dogs (Group 1) and in a group of 22 dogs with acute vomiting (Group 2) were compared both before (T0), after 7–10 days (T1) of 2 mg/kg twice a day ranitidine administration and after 11 days since the drug was discontinued (T2). Significant differences (p<0.001) were detected between the level of circulating H2R among Group 1: 0.41 ng/ml (0.28;0.54) and Group 2: 2.27 ng/ml (2.11;2.49) at T0. In Group 2, no difference in the level of H2R was detected in samples collected at T0 compared to those at T1 [T1: 2.32 ng/ml (2.14; 2.49)] and T2 [T2: 2.30 ng/ml (1.99;2.69)]. In Group 2 all patients but one displayed remission of symptoms attributable to inflammatory gastropathy at the first withdrawal (T1: 7–10 days), while at the second withdrawal (T2: after 21 days), remission was detected in all dogs. Our preliminary hypothesis is that the clinical efficacy of ranitidine is related to the greater expression of H2 receptors in patients with acute vomiting. This increased expression may be due to continuous pathological stimulus at the gastric level. Further studies with a wider population are needed to better investigate the activity of RT in dogs with acute onset of vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bottero
- Endovet Group, Viale V. Marronaro, 130 - 00128 Roma, RM, Italy
| | - E Benvenuti
- Endovet Group, Viale V. Marronaro, 130 - 00128 Roma, RM, Italy
| | - R Ferriani
- Endovet Group, Viale V. Marronaro, 130 - 00128 Roma, RM, Italy.,San Francesco Veterinary Hospital, Via Newton, 2 - 20148 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - E Manassero
- Albese Veterinary Clinic, Via Vivaro n. 25. - 12051 Alba, CN, Italy
| | - G Re
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Grugliasco,10095, Turin, Italy
| | - R Barbero
- ASL TO4, Via Regio Parco 64 - 10036, Settimo Torinese, Italy
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Blenkinsop S, Fowler HJ, Barbero R, Chan SC, Guerreiro SB, Kendon E, Lenderink G, Lewis E, Li XF, Westra S, Alexander L, Allan RP, Berg P, Dunn RJH, Ekström M, Evans JP, Holland G, Jones R, Kjellström E, Klein-Tank A, Lettenmaier D, Mishra V, Prein AF, Sheffield J, Tye MR. The INTENSE project: using observations and models to understand the past, present and future of sub-daily rainfall extremes. Adv Sci Res 2018. [DOI: 10.5194/asr-15-117-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Historical in situ sub-daily rainfall observations are essential for the
understanding of short-duration rainfall extremes but records are typically
not readily accessible and data are often subject to errors and
inhomogeneities. Furthermore, these events are poorly quantified in
projections of future climate change making adaptation to the risk of flash
flooding problematic. Consequently, knowledge of the processes contributing
to intense, short-duration rainfall is less complete compared with those on
daily timescales. The INTENSE project is addressing this global challenge by
undertaking a data collection initiative that is coupled with advances in
high-resolution climate modelling to better understand key processes and
likely future change. The project has so far acquired data from over
23 000 rain gauges for its global sub-daily rainfall dataset (GSDR) and has
provided evidence of an intensification of hourly extremes over the US.
Studies of these observations, combined with model simulations, will continue
to advance our understanding of the role of local-scale thermodynamics and
large-scale atmospheric circulation in the generation of these events and how
these might change in the future.
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Parigi L, Torta M, Barbero R, Boncristiano DM, Clerici D, Meduri E, Rigano A, Vendramin S. Botulism: a case of severe intoxication. Minerva Anestesiol 2014; 80:262-263. [PMID: 24193231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Parigi
- Intensive Care Unit, Ospedale Martini, Turin, Italy -
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13
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Miciletta M, Cuniberti B, Barbero R, Re G. In vitro
enantioselective pharmacodynamics of Carprofen and Flunixin-meglumine in feedlot cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:43-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Miciletta
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department of Animal Pathology; University of Torino; Grugliasco Torino Italy
- Pfizer Animal Health Italia; Roma Italy
| | - B. Cuniberti
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department of Animal Pathology; University of Torino; Grugliasco Torino Italy
| | - R. Barbero
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department of Animal Pathology; University of Torino; Grugliasco Torino Italy
| | - G. Re
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department of Animal Pathology; University of Torino; Grugliasco Torino Italy
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Vercelli C, Barbero R, Cuniberti B, Odore R, Re G. Expression and functionality of TRPV1 receptor in human MCF-7 and canine CF.41 cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:133-42. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Vercelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Turin; Grugliasco Turin Italy
| | - R. Barbero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Turin; Grugliasco Turin Italy
| | - B. Cuniberti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Turin; Grugliasco Turin Italy
| | - R. Odore
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Turin; Grugliasco Turin Italy
| | - G. Re
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Turin; Grugliasco Turin Italy
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15
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Markin A, Barbero R, Leow J, Groen R, Skow E, Apelgren K, Kushner A, Nwomeh B. A Quantitative Analysis of Surgical Capacity of Public Hospitals in the State of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
In the present study we established a method for the determination of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in dogs and then used the assay to evaluate the adrenocortical activity in 12 dogs divided into two groups. In group A faecal samples were collected at their domestic setting. In group B, faecal samples were collected at home prior to transport to a boarding kennel, where faecal samples were then collected. In faecal samples most of the steroids were extracted with methanol and determined using a radioimmunoassay with an anti-cortisol antibody. Dogs in group A did not show any statistically significant inter-day variations in the basal levels of faecal corticoid metabolites. Faecal corticoid metabolites in dogs in group B were significantly higher on the first day at the kennel compared to animals kept at home. The peak concentration was found after 24 hours and followed by a slow decline. These results suggest that extraction with methanol and dosage with an anti-cortisol antibody by radioimmunoassay represents a valid approach technique for determination of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites and accurately reflects adrenocortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Farca
- Section of Clinical Science, Department of Animal Pathology, University of Turin, Italy.
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17
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Donalisio C, Barbero R, Cuniberti B, Vercelli C, Casalone M, Re G. Effects of flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen on mediator production in ex vivo and in vitro models of inflammation in healthy dairy cows. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:130-9. [PMID: 22724509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, ex vivo assays were carried out in dairy cows to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: ketoprofen (KETO) and flunixin meglumine (FM). Twelve healthy Holstein dairy cattle were randomly allocated to two groups (n=6): group 1 received FM and group 2 received KETO at recommended therapeutic dosages. The anti-inflammatory effects of both drugs were determined by measuring the production of coagulation-induced thromboxane B2 (TXB2 ), lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (10 μg/mL)-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), and calcium ionophore (60 μm)-induced leukotrien B4 (LTB4 ). Cytokine production was assessed by measuring tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-8 (CXCL8) concentrations after incubation in the presence of 10 μg/mL LPS. The IC50 of FM and KETO was determined in vitro by determining the concentration of TXB2 and PGE2 in the presence of scalar drug concentrations (10(-9) -10(-3) m). Both FM and KETO inhibited the two COX isoforms in vitro, but showed a preference for COX-1. FM and KETO showed similar anti-inflammatory effects in the cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Donalisio
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Animal Pathology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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18
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Cuniberti B, Odore R, Barbero R, Cagnardi P, Badino P, Girardi C, Re G. In vitro and ex vivo pharmacodynamics of selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in equine whole blood. Vet J 2012; 191:327-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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19
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Barbero R, Moron V, Mangeas M, Despinoy M, Hély C. Relationships between MODIS and ATSR fires and atmospheric variability in New Caledonia (SW Pacific). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Barbero
- CEREGE; Aix-Marseille University; Aix-en-Provence France
| | - Vincent Moron
- CEREGE; Aix-Marseille University; Aix-en-Provence France
- Institut Universitaire de France; Paris France
- International Research Institute for Climate and Society; Columbia University; Palisades New York USA
| | - Morgan Mangeas
- ESPACE-DEV; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; Nouméa New Caledonia
| | - Marc Despinoy
- ESPACE-DEV; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; Nouméa New Caledonia
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Iranzo A, Barbero R, Domingo J, Cuadra D, Costa J, Martín JF, Ullán RV, Barredo JL. Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Impeller Design Parameters on the Performance of a Multiphase Baffle-Stirred Reactor. Chem Eng Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Martín-Fuertes F, Barbero R, Martín-Valdepeñas J, Jiménez M. Analysis of source term aspects in the experiment Phebus FPT1 with the MELCOR and CFX codes. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Re G, Barbero R, Miolo A, Di Marzo V. Palmitoylethanolamide, endocannabinoids and related cannabimimetic compounds in protection against tissue inflammation and pain: Potential use in companion animals. Vet J 2007; 173:21-30. [PMID: 16324856 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids have analgesic/anti-inflammatory properties. The biology of endocannabinoids, their receptors, signalling mechanisms and role in the regulation of physiological processes have been extensively reviewed. This review focuses on the role of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous fatty acid amide analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide, in tissue protective mechanisms. PEA was first identified almost five decades ago in lipid extracts of various natural products, and its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects were established later. Evidence exists that PEA is synthesised during inflammation and tissue damage and a number of beneficial effects, including the relief of inflammation and pruritus, have been shown to be useful in the control of neurogenic and neuropathic pain. The postulated hypotheses as to the mode of action of PEA include a possible local autacoid-like mediator activity regulating mast-cell activity and putative activation of cannabinoids and vanilloid TRPV1 receptors via "entourage" effects. The large number of scientific investigations into the effects of PEA and PEA-related compounds has given rise to new therapeutic opportunities. In spite of the multitude of therapies currently employed to control inflammation, pain, pruritus and tissue damage, the possibility of using a natural compound, such as PEA to manipulate endogenous protective mechanisms may be considered a beneficial novel therapeutic strategy in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Re
- Department of Animal Pathology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
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23
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Barbero R, Badino P, Cuniberti B, Miolo A, Odore R, Girardi C, Re G. Identification of the VR-1 Vanilloid Receptor in Cell Cultures. Vet Res Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-006-0060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Barbero R, Badino P, Odore R, Galmozzi MR, Cuniberti B, Zanatta R, Re G. Mepartricin long-term administration regulates steroid hormone and adrenergic receptor concentrations in the prostate of aged rats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2006; 29:289-97. [PMID: 16846466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mepartricin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic developed as a drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in human patients. In the present study, aged rats are used as an experimental model to evaluate the effects of mepartricin on circulating hormone concentrations and prostate receptor concentrations, to compare these possible effects with clinical findings observed in long-term treated dogs. Fifty-six aged male rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups treated orally with 0 (group 1), 2 mg (group 2), 5 mg (group 3) and 20 mg (group 4) mepartricin/kg of body weight. for 28 days respectively. Serum oestradiol and testosterone concentrations were measured by radio-immune-assays methods. Binding assays were used to measure the prostate concentrations of oestrogen receptors (ER), androgen receptors (AnR), alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(1)-AR), and beta-adrenerergic receptor (beta-AR) subtypes. Mepartricin induced a significant reduction of prostate weight and serum oestradiol concentrations. Serum testosterone concentrations were unaffected. The treatment induced a significant down-regulation of ER concentrations (P < 0.05) and a significant up-regulation of AnR (P < 0.05) in rat prostate. Mepartricin induced a significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent up-regulation of alpha(1)-AR and beta(2)-AR. In contrast, the concentration of beta(3)-ARs was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in treated animals. The increase in prostate beta(2)-AR concentrations observed in subjects treated with mepartricin may be a favourable element in the evolution of BPH, because of the role exerted by these receptors in the control of prostatic smooth muscle relaxation. Curiously, beta(3)-AR concentrations were significantly reduced in treated animals. Data collected suggest that the prostatic beta-AR expression might be strongly influenced by oestrogen deprivation (mepartricin treatment); therefore, the combination of oestrogen suppression (mepartricin) and adrenergic suppression (alpha(1)-AR blockers) may be proposed as a possible nonhormonal therapeutic strategy for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barbero
- Department of Animal Pathology, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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Odore R, Badino P, Pagliasso S, Nebbia C, Cuniberti B, Barbero R, Re G. Changes in lymphocyte glucocorticoid and beta-adrenergic receptors in veal calves treated with clenbuterol and steroid hormones for growth-promoting purposes*. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2006; 29:91-7. [PMID: 16515662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify possible peripheral markers of illegal treatments with growth-promoting agents in veal calves, beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) concentrations were measured in lymphocytes of 12 male Friesian crossbred calves (six controls and six treated). The animals received a cocktail of anabolic and re-partitioning agents [17beta-oestradiol: 3 x 10 mg intramuscular (i.m.) doses at 17-day intervals; dexamethasone sodium phosphate: 4 mg/day for 6 days and 5 mg/day for six further days dissolved in milk; and clenbuterol: 20 microg/kg/day dissolved in milk for the last 40 days before slaughter]. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture at different time points and lymphocytes were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Lymphocyte beta-AR and GR levels were measured by binding assays. Treatment with re-partitioning agents caused a significant down-regulation of lymphocyte beta-ARs 19 days after the beginning of clenbuterol administration and at day 55 (after dexamethasone withdrawal, just before slaughter). This phenomenon was partially reversed at day 50, after dexamethasone administration, at which time a significant decrease in GR concentrations also occurred. For both types of receptors, no significant changes in the dissociation constant values were observed at any time point. Lymphocytes express measurable concentrations of beta-ARs and GRs and the measurement of receptor levels highlights the fluctuation of receptor expression due to the dynamic interaction of the drugs used in combination. Lymphocyte receptor determination could therefore be included in a battery of biological assays to detect illegal treatments with anabolic agents in veal calves in the light of a multivariate approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Odore
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Animal Pathology, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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26
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Barbero R, Badino P, Cuniberti B, Magistris G, Odore R, Pagliasso S, Girardi C, Re G. Effects of Inflammation upon beta-adrenoceptor concentrations in the common digital artery of the horse: an in vitro study. Vet Res Commun 2005; 29 Suppl 2:273-5. [PMID: 16244973 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-0060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Barbero
- Department of Animal Pathology, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Torino, Italy.
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27
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Jmelnitzky AC, Guidi M, Bologna A, Viola M, Soccini C, Barbero R, Belloni P, Apraiz M. [Clinic-epidemiological significance of drug hepatotoxicity in liver disease consultation]. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 2000; 30:77-84. [PMID: 10925723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
To assess epidemiological and clinical significance of drug hepatotoxicity in the setting of liver diseases consultation, ten thousand and three hundred forty two prospectively designed clinical records from patient cared for in our Liver Unit in the period 1988-1998 were incorporated into the study; 58 out of 10,342 (prevalence = 5.6%) fulfilled at least the first three of the following causality requirements: 1.--Liver injury associated in time to drug exposition; 2.--Negative evaluation of more common other etiologies; (alcohol, viruses, immunologic, metabolic, etc) 3.--Favourable response to drug withdrawal (ALT < 50% of baseline in 8 to 30 days in acute hepatitis type, and alkaline phosphatase and/or total bilirubin < 50% of baseline up to 6 months, in acute cholestasis) 4.--Inadverted or rarely prescribed positive challenge. Acute hepatitis type of injury were considered when serum ALT rise 8 times or more above normal superior level with alkaline phosphatase (APh) below 3 times; "pure" cholestasis when APh rise 3 times or more above normal with ALT below 8 times; mixed acute injury or cholestatic hepatitis when both ALT and APh were elevated above 8 and 3 times respectively, and indeterminate type when both enzymes were below the referred levels. Chronic injury were considered when six or more month of evolution and compatible liver histology happens. Clinical severity were expressed as mild (absence of major clinical complications, serum bilirubin < 5 mg/dl and prothrombin concentration > 75%), moderate (presence of clinical complications, bilirubin > 5 mg/dl and prothrombin concentration between 50-75%), and severe (major clinical complications with bilirubin > 5 mg/dl and prothrombin concentration < 50%). Female/male ratio was 1.4:1, with age average 39 years (R = 15-77) and major concentration of cases above 40. More than 50% of cases received 2 or more drugs. Jaundice was present in 60.4%, and systemic manifestations of hypersensibility (fever, adenomegalies, rush, mononucleosis like syndrome, eosinophilia) in 29.3%. Acute injury represented 91.4% of the cases: 41.4% acute hepatitis, 15.5% "pure" cholestasis, 24.1% cholestatic hepatitis, and 10.3% indeterminate type. Four patients (4.5% of acute injury cases) were presented as severe acute liver failure, leading to liver transplant in one of them, drug association (INH-rifampicin and carbamazepine-phenobarbital) and inadverted challenge (sulphonamides and pemoline) were associated to clinical severity. Chronic injury were found in five patient (8.6%), four of them associated to chronic hepatitis and the other one to a ductopenic syndrome. Six drugs represented 53.4% of our cases; oral contraceptives (7 cases), INH alone or combined with rifampicin (6 cases), sulfonamides and clorpropamida (5 cases each), carbamazepine and amiodarone (4 cases each). Normalization of liver enzymes after drug suppression took 2 to 8 weeks in acute hepatitis type (X = 4 weeks), 4 to 20 in "pure" cholestasis (X = 12 weeks) and 8 to 24 weeks in cholestatic hepatitis or mixed type (X = 16 weeks). Two cases of chronic hepatitis normalize the histological activity index in 20 and 18 month respectively, one case remains as chronic hepatitis at 10 month and the other one progress to cirrhosis; the ductopenic syndrome normalize histology in 19 months receiving urso-deoxicolic acid, 10 mg/k/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Jmelnitzky
- Hospital Interzonal San Martín, Servicio de Gastroenterología
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Petrone H, Martinoia A, Ferreiro E, Montecchia G, Belloni P, Barbero R, Pianzola H, Casaliba A, Menna ME, Nagy P. Renal transplant waiting list exclusion causes: hepatitis C virus infection and liver disease prevalence. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:3038-40. [PMID: 10578383 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Petrone
- Unidad de Trasplante de Organos CRAI Sur, Cucaiba, Bs. As., Argentina
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29
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Curciarello J, Castelletto R, Barbero R, Belloni P, Gelemur M, Castelletto E, Jmelnitzky A. Hepatic sinusoidal dilatation associated to giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's): a new case in a patient with periorbital xanthelasmas and history of celiac disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 1998; 27:76-8. [PMID: 9706777 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199807000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
We present a new case of hepatic sinusoidal dilatation associated to giant lymph node hyperplasia or Castleman's disease in a 23-year-old patient with xanthelasmas and history of celiac disease. He presented with weight loss, hepatomegaly, periorbital xanthomas, anemia, accelerated erythrosedimentation rate, hypoalbuminemia, hypergammaglobulinemia at the expense of immunoglobulin G (IgG), high titers of autoantibodies, and increase of serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity. A liver biopsy showed sinusoidal dilatation. Fifteen months later, a computed axial tomography showed a retroperitoneal tumor that turned out to be a giant lymph node hyperplasia. After resection of the tumor all clinic and biochemical manifestations had faded, suggesting an association between xanthelasmas, Castleman's disease, sinusoidal dilatation, and celiac disease. A humoral factor produced by the lymph tumor of the patient may have been responsible for the immunologic alterations he presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Curciarello
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Hospital General San Martin La Plata National University Medical School, Argentina
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Curciarello J, Apraiz M, Chiera A, Castelletto R, Vassia MA, Barbero R, Belloni P, Castelletto E, Jmelnitzky A. [Hepatitis B and C virus in chronic alcoholic patients: prevalence and influence on liver injury]. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 1997; 26:211-4. [PMID: 9335923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this prospectively designed study is to analyse the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in 115 chronic alcohol abusers, their relation to epidemiological variables, and their meaning in pathogenesis and severity of alcoholic liver injury. A prevalence of 13.9% anti-HBc and 20.0% anti-HCV reactivity (EIA II) were found, significantly higher that found in blood donors (3.75 and 0.65% respectively). It is striking our finding of 69.6% "sporadic" type of HCV infection. Histological diagnostic of chronic hepatitis was done in 3 cases, all of them reactive to anti-HCV, enhancing the ethiologic role of HCV in the so called "alcoholic chronic hepatitis". No differences in histological final diagnosis were found related to HBV and HCV markers reactivity, suggesting no clear influence of viral infections on the severity of liver damage in alcoholics in our series. Neither anti-HCV positivity ratio seemed have to influence on these results. Despite a high prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in chronic alcohol abusers, our finding suggest no clear role for them in histological damage.
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Curciarello JO, Castelletto R, Vassia MA, Viola M, Chiera A, Piscopo G, Barbero R, Belloni P, Jmelnitzky AC. [Liver histopathological characteristics in patients with HCV-positive sera]. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 1997; 27:15-18. [PMID: 9412122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to have knowledge on the histopathologic characteristics of the HCV infections in our geographical area and its relation with some epidemiologic variables, a series of 54 biopsies of Anti HCV (R) patients was analyzed. The histologic lesions found in this study correspond mostly to patients with relatively early infections, on the contrary to other studies of the some kind. The most frequent histopathologic diagnosis were chronic hepatitis 38/54 (70.4%), steatosis 4/54 (7.4%) and 12/54 (22.2%) with no changes. The presence of lymphoid follicles in the portal tracts was the most frequent histological change in this series (66.7%), followed by the alteration in bile ducts (53.7%); they occurred in a significantly higher proportion in the biopsies which had a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis (p = 0.02) (p = 0.000002). The presence of steatosis and acidophilic bodies in the acinus were found in nearly one third of the biopsies. This findings suggest that the hepatic damage in the anti HCV reactive patients might take place through immunologic mechanisms and cytopathic direct action. It was not found that histologic changes produced by HCV might differ according to epidemiologic variables (post-transfusional, drug abuse i.v. and sporadic).
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Curciarello
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospital San Martín, Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires
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Morra A, Radeschi G, Amato F, Andreetto B, Barbero R. [Air crash simulation at the Torino-Caselle airport]. Minerva Anestesiol 1995; 61:87-91. [PMID: 7675267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The simulation purpose has consisted in apparising "the aid succour quality indicators". MATERIALS AND METHODS Study of the succour chain during the air line hypothetical crash with 80 passengers on board, happened at 11:35 "H O". DESCRIPTION The alarm reaches the control-tower at 11.36. The control-tower sends it out according to an internal protocol. At 12:30 (H + 55) the number 5747 operative station reported the simulation end. ANALYSIS RESULTS: Only the succour sanitary aspects are considered. There was not an adequate arrangement and co-ordination of the rescue-succour components. CONCLUSIONS The truth is that the succours chain can be improved either in the organisation and in the operative capacity, even if is very difficult to weigh such inadequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morra
- Servizio Anestesia Rianimazione, Ospedale Martini, Regione Piemonte, USL TORINO III, Torino
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Curciarello JO, Corallini O, Adrover RE, Chiera AO, Giammona AM, Barbero R, Apraiz M, Belloni PO, Neumann M, Jmelnitzky AC. [Viral hepatitis infection and response to the hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialyzed patients]. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 1994; 25:291-296. [PMID: 7785401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Data from 219 hemodyalized patients receiving attention in our Hospital and other private centers in our city are shown. Mean age was 46.9 (range: 14-85), and 132 were male; mean time under dialysis was 20 months, and subjects received an average of 5 transfusions per patient year. Serological reactivity to HBs Ag, Anti HBs and IgG anti HBc by ELISA were investigated in all of them, and anti HCV by second generation enzimo-immunoassay (EIA II) in 73 HBe Ag/anti HBe system were determined in HBs Ag positive patients and those reactive to anti HCV (EIA II) were confirmed by LIA (immunoblotting of synthetic peptides LIA-TEK Organos Teknica). Recombinant anti HBV vaccine 40 mcg at 0-1 and six month were received by 81 cases without HBV markers in their sera and a protective response was considered when anti HBs titration of 10 mU/ml or more were obtained two months later. Prevalence for anti HBc and anti HBs were 38.8% respectively and that for HBs Ag was 21% with 78% of them reactive for HBs Ag. True reactivity for anti HCV (confirmed by LIA) was present in 35.6%, but it was 9.7% in our Hospital and 54.8% in private units (p < 0.0002). Anti HBs titration was done in 69/81 patients who received anti HBV vaccine, and a protective response in 49% were obtained; the other 12 patients underwent acute hepatitis B during the vaccination period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Curciarello
- HIGA, General San Martín de La Plata, Servicio de Gastroenterología, Argentina
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Barbero R, Tavormina R, Torta M, Morolli G, Bosco R. [Bilateral pneumonia caused by Chlamydia psittaci. Description of a clinical case]. Minerva Anestesiol 1992; 58:481-4. [PMID: 1508365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A mortal case of atypical pneumonia due to Chlamydia psittaci with acute respiratory distress, septic shock and multiple organ failure is described. Infection has been caused by an ill parrot imported clandestinely. Antibody titration with the immunofluorescence technique allowed diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barbero
- Servizio di Anestesia e Rianimazione, USSL III, Ospedale Martini, Torino
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