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Cameron R, Swart L, Rasouli M, Heidenreich O. Targeting the unique barcode of MLL/AF4. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Cameron
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the
Netherlands
| | - L Swart
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the
Netherlands
| | - M Rasouli
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the
Netherlands
| | - O Heidenreich
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the
Netherlands
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, United
Kingdom
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2
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Altabee R, Carr S, Turner D, Abbott J, Cameron R, Office D, Matthews J, Simmonds N, Whitty J. 295: Exploring the nature of perceived treatment burden in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Rippel RA, Cameron R, Benamore RE. Re: Financial implications of CT-guided lung biopsy in a tertiary centre: a radiologist's perspective. A reply. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:780. [PMID: 34303517 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R A Rippel
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - R Cameron
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - R E Benamore
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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4
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Talley NJ, Walker MM, Jones M, Keely S, Koloski N, Cameron R, Fairlie T, Burns G, Shah A, Hansen T, Harris G, Holtmann G. Letter: budesonide for functional dyspepsia with duodenal eosinophilia-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 53:1332-1333. [PMID: 34029411 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N J Talley
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - M M Walker
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - M Jones
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - S Keely
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - N Koloski
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Princess Alexander Hospital, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - R Cameron
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - T Fairlie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Princess Alexander Hospital, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - G Burns
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - A Shah
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Princess Alexander Hospital, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - T Hansen
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - G Harris
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - G Holtmann
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Princess Alexander Hospital, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
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Rippel RA, Cameron R, Benamore RE. Financial implications of CT-guided lung biopsy in a tertiary centre: a radiologists' perspective. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:447-451. [PMID: 33691951 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the financial costs of performing computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsies in a large tertiary centre to help guide service development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Local financial data were collected to create a balance sheet, considering all expenses as well as revenue sources associated with the procedure. Data were based on accurate pricing and income data and evaluated on a per-procedure basis, with consideration of additional costs arising from post-procedural complications. Revenue data were estimated based on reimbursement information. A small coding quality audit was also performed to check if reimbursement claims were filed correctly. RESULTS This study demonstrated a healthy income generated from CT-guided lung biopsy procedures with a profit margin of 50%. Notably different financial impact was observed when comparing the same procedure undertaken on an outpatient as opposed to inpatient basis with inpatient procedures generating a net loss of - £2,146.79 a year. Overall, the activity generated a profit of £157,015.25, after accounting for loss generated by inpatient activity. CONCLUSION This analysis furthered understanding of the financial impact from performing CT-guided lung biopsy and will enable better planning and expansion of the service in the future, with emphasis around day-case and ambulatory service development, the positive intended consequence being an improved patient pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Rippel
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - R Cameron
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - R E Benamore
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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6
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Britto K, Cheung W, Cameron R, Roberts SK, Kemp W. Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: Rare vascular tumor following treatment for hepatitis C with direct-acting antivirals. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1912. [PMID: 28771829 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Britto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Cheung
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Cameron
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S K Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Kemp
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Bull M, Maddock T, Acquaye E, Hnynnsi P, Thompson T, Wild S, Wiseman K, Cosgrove E, Cameron R, Wojtowicz A, Mannion H. 57COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: IMPROVING ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE MEDICAL CLERKING PROFORMA. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx055.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Acinar cells of exocrine glands are highly specialized for producing, storing, and discharging secretory proteins for use on surfaces that represent interfaces between the organism and the surrounding environment. These functions are achieved through the secretory pathway that includes a series of functionally distinct intracellular compartments — the endoplasmic reticulum, subcompartments of the Golgi complex, and the secretion granule in which exportable macromolecules are stored at high concentrations. Most secretion occurs by granule exocytosis in response to external hormonal or neural stimuli. Although these processes have been traced in a variety of morphological and biochemical studies, very Utile is known about the mechanisms involved in facilitating and maintaining secretory storage, orchestrating discharge at the apical cell surface, and in ensuring conservation and re-internalization of the granule membrane. Recent studies initiated on cell fractions obtained from the rat parotid gland have provided significant insight into the protein storage conditions that prevail in the granule interior and the components of the granule membrane that are likely to be involved in general secretory function such as exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Castle
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - P. Arvan
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - R. Cameron
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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Abstract
Pre-reading kindergartners ( n = 64) were divided equally into experimental and control groups of similar age and IQ. The experimentals discriminated the reversible letters, b, d, p, q, using special left and right markers plus brief instruction in both up-down and left-right discrimination. The controls had no markers and no instruction. The experimentals improved significantly on the over-all discrimination of letters, but the significant reduction of left-right reversal errors was partly offset by a significant increase of up-down inversion errors. These results held for both a detection task and a recognition task, and there were no interactions with age or sex. The results were interpreted as evidence that the difficulty that young children have in discriminating left-right orientation is due simply to the lack of obvious directional reference points.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Lyle
- University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R. Cameron
- University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Quirk M, Abtin F, Han S, Kim G, Hsu W, Suh R, Genshaft S, Cameron R. Percutaneous cryoablation for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma: intermediate-term efficacy and predictors of local recurrence. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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11
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Kishan A, Cameron R, Wang J, Alexander S, Qi X, Kupelian P, Steinberg M, Lee J, Selch M, Lee P. Tomotherapy Improves Local Control and Changes Failure Patterns in Locally Advanced Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Zheng R, Diver R, Caldwell D, Fritz B, Cameron R, Humble P, TeGrotenhuis W, Dagle R, Wegeng R. Integrated Solar Thermochemical Reaction System for Steam Methane Reforming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Rossi A, Molen TVD, Olmo RD, Papi A, Webhe L, Quinn M, Lu C, Young D, Cameron R, Bucchioni E, Altman P. S103 No Loss In Efficacy Following Switch From Salmeterol/fluticasone Combination To Indacaterol Monotherapy In Patients With Moderate Copd: The Instead Study. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Franco C, Sweredoski M, Kudtarkar P, Cameron R, Hess S. Proteomics approach to study neuronal regeneration events of the sequenced sea star
Patiria miniata
(153.7). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.153.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Franco
- Beckman Institute California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUnited States
| | - Michael Sweredoski
- Beckman Institute California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUnited States
| | - Parul Kudtarkar
- Beckman Institute California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUnited States
| | - R. Cameron
- Beckman Institute California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUnited States
| | - Sonja Hess
- Beckman Institute California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUnited States
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Viehbeck S, Potvin L, Cameron R, Edwards N, Di Ruggiero E, McGuire M, Govier A. Peer review guidelines for Population Health Intervention Research: An adapted Delphi approach. Eur J Public Health 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt123.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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16
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Best JA, Brown KS, Cameron R, Manske SM, Santi S. Gender and Predisposing Attributes as Predictors of Smoking Onset: Implications for Theory and Practice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10556699.1995.10603149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Best
- a Wilson Banwell , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - K. S. Brown
- b Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
| | - R. Cameron
- c Department of Health Studies and Gerontology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
| | - S. M. Manske
- c Department of Health Studies and Gerontology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
| | - S. Santi
- d Applied Health Research , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
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Thompson PL, Chretin S, Bugnard F, Maier WC, Cameron R, Fisher M, Giot C, Hill C, Kausar I. P127 Prevalence and Incidence of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in UK Healthcare Databases, GPRD and THIN; The Need For an IPF Registry. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Kausar I, Cameron R, Eastmond NC. P129 Patient and Physician Demographics in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Results of a UK Physician Survey. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Kausar I, Cameron R, Eastmond NC. P128 Practise Patterns in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Results of a UK Physician Survey. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Korn S, Buhl R, Kornmann O, Owen R, Cameron R, Brookman L, Higgins M, Seyfried S. Kardiale Verträglichkeit von Indacaterol bei Asthma-Patienten. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1213962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleural effusions and empyema may complicate lower respiratory tract infections. Treatment of these collections of pus includes surgical drainage and the use of intra-pleural fibrinolysis to break down fibrin bands that may cause loculation. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of the benefit of adding intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy to intercostal tube drainage in the treatment of complicated para pneumonic effusions and empyema to reduce mortality or the need for subsequent surgical debridement of the pleural space. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE. Trial authors were contacted for further information and details regarding the possibility of unpublished trials was requested. The most recent search was conducted in November 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA All studies in the review were Randomised Controlled Trials in adult patients with post-pneumonic empyema or complicated parapneumonic effusions who had not had prior surgical intervention or trauma. The intervention was an intrapleural fibrinolytic agent (streptokinase or urokinase) via an intercostal chest drain (ICD) versus control, or a comparison of the two agents. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data . Study authors were contacted for further information. MAIN RESULTS Seven studies met the eligibility criteria of the review, recruiting 761 participants. The only consistent end points in all trials were treatment failure, as gauged by the requirement for additional intervention including surgery or death. In studies where patients had either loculation and empyema, there was no significant difference in the risk of death with fibrinolytics (RR 1.08; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.68). When treatment failure was considered as surgical intervention, fibrinolytics reduced the risk of this outcome (RR 0.63; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.85), but there is discordance between earlier positive studies and the more recent negative study by Maskell. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy confers significant benefit in reducing the requirement for surgical intervention for patients in the early studies included in this review but not in the more recently published Maskell study. The reasons for this difference are uncertain. Separate subgroup analysis of proven loculated/septated effusions from the available data in our meta-analysis suggests a potential overall treatment benefit with fibrinolytics, but these results should be treated with caution as the data are incomplete and the benefit is not significant in the subgroup of high quality trials (Cochrane Grade A). Intrapleural fibrinolytics have not been shown to significantly increase adverse events, but the confidence interval is too wide to firmly exclude this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cameron
- Northern Sydney Central Coast Area Health Service, NSW, Australia.
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22
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LaForce C, Alexander M, Deckelmann R, Fabbri LM, Aisanov Z, Cameron R, Owen R, Higgins M. Indacaterol provides sustained 24 h bronchodilation on once-daily dosing in asthma: a 7-day dose-ranging study. Allergy 2008; 63:103-11. [PMID: 18053019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indacaterol is a novel, once-daily beta(2)-agonist in development for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Studies were required to determine optimal dose(s) for continuing investigation. OBJECTIVE A dose-ranging study was undertaken to evaluate efficacy and safety of indacaterol. METHODS A total of 436 patients with persistent asthma receiving inhaled corticosteroids were randomized to 7 days treatment with once-daily indacaterol 50, 100, 200, or 400 microg via multi-dose dry-powder inhaler (MDDPI; Certihaler), indacaterol 400 microg via single-dose dry-powder inhaler (SDDPI), or placebo. Serial 24-h spirometry was performed on days 1 and 7. Vital signs, laboratory evaluations, and adverse events were monitored. RESULTS All doses of indacaterol increased the mean time-standardized area under the curve of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) from 22 to 24 h postdose (P <or= 0.001 vs placebo) on days 1 and 7, with clinically relevant treatment-placebo differences of 240, 260, 350, 300, and 380 ml on day 1 and 230, 220, 320, 250, and 270 ml on day 7 for indacaterol 50, 100, 200, and 400 microg via MDDPI and 400 microg via SDDPI, respectively. All doses increased mean FEV(1) (P < 0.05 vs placebo) from 5 min to 24 h postdose on days 1 and 7. All doses were well tolerated. Most adverse events were mild-to-moderate in severity: most frequently reported were respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders. CONCLUSION Once-daily dosing with indacaterol provided sustained 24-h bronchodilation in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma, with a satisfactory overall safety profile. Indacaterol 200 microg appears the optimum dose, offering the best efficacy/safety balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C LaForce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, North Carolina Clinical Research, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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23
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O’Donoghue M, Kenney P, Oestreicher E, Anwaruddin S, Baggish AL, Krauser DG, Chen A, Tung R, Cameron R, Januzzi JL. Usefulness of aminoterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide testing for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of dyspneic patients with diabetes mellitus seen in the emergency department (from the PRIDE Study). Am J Cardiol 2007; 100:1336-40. [PMID: 17950786 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2007] [Revised: 06/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread testing, the utility of aminoterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) for diagnosis or risk assessment in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the emergency department (ED) remains unclear. NT-pro-BNP was measured in subjects with dyspnea in the ED. A final diagnosis of acute heart failure (HF) was determined by blinded study physicians using all available hospital records. Vital status was assessed at 1 year; independent predictors of death were identified using Cox analysis. Of 599 subjects, 157 (26.2%) had DM, which was an independent predictor of a final diagnosis of acute HF. In patients diagnosed with acute HF, median concentrations of NT-pro-BNP were similar in patients with and without DM (4,784 vs 3,382 pg/ml, respectively, p = 0.93). In dyspneic subjects without acute HF, median concentrations of NT-pro-BNP were significantly higher in patients with DM (242 vs 115 pg/ml, p = 0.01), but this difference was no longer significant after adjusting for relevant covariates. The area under the curve for NT-pro-BNP to diagnose acute HF in subjects with DM was 0.94 (p <0.001). Using age-adjusted cutpoints, NT-pro-BNP was 92% sensitive and 90% specific for the diagnosis of HF in diabetic subjects. In diabetic patients, a NT-pro-BNP level > or =986 pg/ml was independently associated with an increased risk of death at 1 year (hazard ratio 3.42, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 10.7, p <0.001). In conclusion, NT-pro-BNP testing offers valuable diagnostic and prognostic information in the evaluation of dyspneic patients with DM in the ED, using identical cutpoints as the population as whole.
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Abstract
The rotation of the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light by chiral molecules in solution is due to a forward scattering event. Ordinary optical rotation, a single-photon effect, is independent of intensity. As the light intensity is increased, other effects can appear, such as two-photon scattering or alignment of the molecule by one photon and scattering with a change of polarization by another. Both of these effects result in intensity-dependent (or nonlinear) optical rotation. A polarimeter was used to measure the nonlinear optical rotation of solutions in a heterodyne experiment. No nonlinear optical rotation was found in molecules lacking an absorption band near the laser frequency. In the three pyrimidine nucleosides studied, which do have such an absorption band, a nonlinear optical rotation was identified that was cumulative with each laser pulse. The effect persisted with a time constant that was on the order of seconds and characteristic of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cameron
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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25
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Beeh KM, Derom E, Kanniess F, Cameron R, Higgins M, van As A. Indacaterol, a novel inhaled beta2-agonist, provides sustained 24-h bronchodilation in asthma. Eur Respir J 2007; 29:871-8. [PMID: 17251236 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00060006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the bronchodilator and safety profiles of single-dose indacaterol in intermittent or persistent asthma. In the present double-blind crossover study, 42 patients were randomised to receive single doses of indacaterol (50, 100, 200 and 400 microg) or placebo via a hydrofluoroalkane pressurised metered-dose inhaler. The primary efficacy comparisons were the per cent changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1 )) between indacaterol and placebo 30 min and 21 h post-dose. All doses resulted in prolonged bronchodilation, with indacaterol 200 and 400 microg meeting pre-specified efficacy criteria. The mean percentage increases in FEV(1) from placebo with indacaterol 200 and 400 microg were 7.6 and 14.9%, respectively, at 30 min, and 7.5 and 10.4%, respectively, at 21 h post-dose. At these doses, changes in mean FEV(1) relative to placebo were statistically significant from 5 min to 25 h, inclusive. At 5 min, the geometric least squares mean values for FEV(1) were 3.08 and 3.22 L for the 200 and 400 microg doses, respectively, compared with 2.99 L for placebo. At 24 h after dosing, the baseline-adjusted geometric least square mean FEV(1) was 3.13, 3.11, 3.24 and 3.30 L for indacaterol 50, 100, 200 and 400 microg, respectively, and 2.98 L for placebo. All treatments were well tolerated. Once-daily indacaterol at doses of 200 and 400 microg provided sustained 24-h bronchodilation, with a rapid onset and a good tolerability and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Beeh
- insaf Respiratory Research Institute, Biebricher Allee 34, D-65187 Wiesbaden, Germany.
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Melanson SEF, Laposata M, Camargo CA, Chen AA, Tung R, Krauser D, Anwaruddin S, Baggish A, Cameron R, Sluss P, Lewandrowski KB, Lee-Lewandrowski E, Januzzi JL. Combination of D-dimer and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic Peptide testing for the evaluation of dyspneic patients with and without acute pulmonary embolism. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006; 130:1326-9. [PMID: 16948519 DOI: 10.5858/2006-130-1326-codaap] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT D-dimer concentration can be used to exclude a diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. However, clinicians frequently order unnecessary supplemental testing in patients with low concentrations of D-dimer. Elevations in natriuretic peptides have also been described in the setting of pulmonary embolism. OBJECTIVE We investigated the integrative role of D-dimer with amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide for the evaluation of patients with and without acute pulmonary embolism. DESIGN Patients were selected for analysis from a previous study in which levels of D-dimer and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were measured. The presence of pulmonary embolism was determined by computed tomographic angiography. RESULTS The median levels of D-dimer were significantly higher in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Similarly, the median levels of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were higher in patients with pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSIONS The Roche Tina-quant D-Dimer immunoturbidimetric assay provides a high negative predictive value and can be used to exclude acute pulmonary embolism in patients with dyspnea. Measurement of amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in addition to D-dimer improves specificity for acute pulmonary embolism without sacrificing negative predictive value. A combination of both markers may offer reassurance for excluding acute pulmonary embolism, and thus avoid redundant, expensive confirmatory tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy E F Melanson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA
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Siebert U, Januzzi JL, Beinfeld MT, Cameron R, Gazelle GS. Cost-effectiveness of using N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide to guide the diagnostic assessment and management of dyspneic patients in the emergency department. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98:800-5. [PMID: 16950189 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cost-effectiveness of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) in dyspneic patients in emergency departments (EDs) is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of NT-pro-BNP testing for the evaluation and initial management of patients with dyspnea in the ED setting. A decision model was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic assessment and patient management guided by NT-pro-BNP, compared with standard clinical assessment. The model includes the diagnostic accuracy of the 2 strategies for congestive heart failure and resulting events at 60-day follow-up. Clinical data were obtained from a prospective blinded study of 599 patients presenting to the ED with dyspnea. Costs were based on the Massachusetts General Hospital cost accounting database. The model predicted serious adverse events during follow-up (i.e., urgent care visits, repeat ED presentations, rehospitalizations) and direct medical costs for echocardiograms and hospitalizations. NT-pro-BNP-guided assessment was associated with a 1.6% relative reduction of serious adverse event risk and a 9.4% reduction in costs, translating into savings of $474 per patient, compared with standard clinical assessment. In a sensitivity analysis considering mortality, NT-pro-BNP testing was associated with a 1.0% relative reduction in post-discharge mortality. The optimal use of NT-pro-BNP guidance could reduce the use of echocardiography by up to 58%, prevent 13% of initial hospitalizations, and reduce hospital days by 12%. In conclusion, on the basis of this model, the use of NT-pro-BNP in the diagnostic assessment and subsequent management of patients with dyspnea in the ED setting could lead to improved patient care while providing substantial cost savings to the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Siebert
- Institute for Technology Assessment and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Januzzi JL, Sakhuja R, O'donoghue M, Baggish AL, Anwaruddin S, Chae CU, Cameron R, Krauser DG, Tung R, Camargo CA, Lloyd-Jones DM. Utility of Amino-Terminal Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide Testing for Prediction of 1-Year Mortality in Patients With Dyspnea Treated in the Emergency Department. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 166:315-20. [PMID: 16476871 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.166.3.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is useful for diagnosis and triage of patients with dyspnea, but its role for predicting outcomes in such patients remains undefined. METHODS A total of 599 breathless patients treated in the emergency department were prospectively enrolled, and a sample of blood was obtained for NT-proBNP measurements. After 1 year, the vital status of each patient was ascertained, and the association between NT-proBNP values at presentation and mortality was assessed. RESULTS At 1 year, 91 patients (15.2%) had died. Median NT-proBNP concentrations at presentation among decedents were significantly higher than those of survivors (3277 vs 299 pg/mL; P<.001). The optimal NT-proBNP cut point for predicting 1-year mortality was 986 pg/mL. In a multivariable model, an NT-proBNP concentration greater than 986 pg/mL at presentation was the single strongest predictor of death at 1 year (hazard ratio [HR], 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.64-5.06; P<.001), independent of a diagnosis of heart failure. Other factors associated with death included age (by decade; HR, 1.20), heart rate (by decile; HR, 1.13), urea nitrogen level (by decile; HR, 1.20), systolic blood pressure less than 100 mm Hg (HR, 1.94), heart murmur (HR, 1.92), and New York Heart Association classification (HR, 1.38 for each increase in class). The NT-proBNP concentration alone had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.76 for predicting mortality; the other significant covariates combined had an AUC of 0.80. The final model for predicting death, combining NT-proBNP with other covariates associated with mortality, had a superior AUC of 0.82. CONCLUSION In addition to assisting in emergency department diagnosis and triage, NT-proBNP concentrations at presentation are strongly predictive of 1-year mortality in dyspneic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Januzzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Abstract
The variation with sliding speed of the traction transmitted by E.H.L. oil films has been measured in a rolling contact disc machine, at contact pressures up to 260,000 lbf/in2and at various rolling speeds and disc temperatures. From the traction measurements at very low sliding speeds, under isothermal conditions, the variation in apparent viscosity of the oil with pressure and temperature has been found. The variation with temperature at high pressure was exponential with an index similar to that at low pressure. The variation with pressure showed a striking reduction in the rate of increase with pressure in the high pressure region (> 105lbf/in2).At high sliding speeds the traction coefficient was found to approach a common ‘ceiling’, which was largely independent of contact pressure, rolling speed and disc temperature. The ceiling appears to be a function of sliding speed only; it falls from 0.07 at 5 in/s to 0.04 at 60 in/s.Using the measurements of apparent viscosity obtained at low rolling speed, it has been shown conclusively that the limitation (or ceiling) in traction at intermediate sliding speeds cannot be explained by Crook's theory of a reduction in Newtonian viscosity by frictional heating. Alternative explanations based upon plastic shear of the lubricant when a critical shear stress is reached are much more consistent with the observations. But further work is necessary to elucidate fully the behaviour of E.H.L. films in sliding.
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Baggish AL, Siebert U, Lainchbury JG, Cameron R, Anwaruddin S, Chen A, Krauser DG, Tung R, Brown DF, Richards AM, Januzzi JL. A validated clinical and biochemical score for the diagnosis of acute heart failure: the ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) Acute Heart Failure Score. Am Heart J 2006; 151:48-54. [PMID: 16368291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2004] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No method integrating amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) testing with clinical assessment for the evaluation of patients with suspected acute heart failure (HF) has been described. METHODS Amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide results and clinical factors from 599 patients with dyspnea were analyzed. The beta coefficients of the 8 independent predictors of HF were used to assign a weighted integeric score for predictor. The sum of these integers provided a diagnostic HF "score" for each patient. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined the optimal cut point for the diagnosis of acute HF. The performance of the score was evaluated in the development cohort and subsequently in a patient population from a separate clinical trial of patients with dyspnea conducted in Christchurch, New Zealand. RESULTS Eight factors comprised the score: elevated NT-proBNP (4 points), interstitial edema on chest x-ray (2 points), orthopnea (2 points), absence of fever (2 points), loop diuretic use, age > 75 years, rales, and absence of cough (all 1 point). Median scores in patients with acute HF were higher than those without acute HF (9 vs 3 points, P < .001). At a cut point of > or = 6 points, the score had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 84% for the diagnosis of acute HF (P < .001). The score improved diagnostic accuracy over NT-proBNP testing alone and retained discriminative capacity in patients in whom clinical uncertainty was present. Lastly, the accuracy of the score was validated in the external data set of patients with suspected acute HF. CONCLUSION We report a simple and accurate scoring system combining NT-proBNP testing and clinical assessment for the diagnosis or exclusion of acute HF in patients with dyspnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Baggish
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chung SW, Greig PD, Cattral MS, Taylor BR, Sheiner PA, Wanless I, Cameron R, Phillips MJ, Blendis LM, Langer B, Levy GA. Evaluation of liver transplantation for high-risk indications. Br J Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.1997.02488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a long period of development, there are still considerable variations in the spectral output, the levels of irradiance, and irradiated area provided by commercial phototherapy systems. These variations depend on the types and output of the lamps used to produce the phototherapy, along with the design of the systems, and principally on whether the phototherapy is provided from overhead or underneath. OBJECTIVE To see whether commercially available phototherapy systems produce sufficient irradiance over the surface area of the neonate. METHODS Surface plots of the output irradiance were made on a number of systems and used to calculate the effective irradiance on the surface of a premature or term baby, using mapped outlines. RESULTS A 10-fold difference in peak central irradiances was found between the systems tested, with a fourfold to fivefold difference in effective irradiance to the baby surfaces. Although work published over 20 years ago showed that levels of irradiance should reach 2 mW/cm2 to achieve optimal effectiveness, some of the commercial systems tested do not appear to achieve this level. CONCLUSION Purchasers of neonatal phototherapy systems need to take into account whether the systems will produce sufficient irradiance over the area to ensure maximal effect, to keep the treatment time to a minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hart
- Medical Physics Department, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK.
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Tastan Bishop Ő, Tsekoa T, Sewell T, Cameron R, Sayed M, Cowan D. Crystal structure of nitrile hydratases: possible industrial usage. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305090914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Januzzi JL, Camargo CA, Anwaruddin S, Baggish AL, Chen AA, Krauser DG, Tung R, Cameron R, Nagurney JT, Chae CU, Lloyd-Jones DM, Brown DF, Foran-Melanson S, Sluss PM, Lee-Lewandrowski E, Lewandrowski KB. The N-terminal Pro-BNP investigation of dyspnea in the emergency department (PRIDE) study. Am J Cardiol 2005; 95:948-54. [PMID: 15820160 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 836] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The utility of aminoterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) testing in the emergency department to rule out acute congestive heart failure (CHF) and the optimal cutpoints for this use are not established. We conducted a prospective study of 600 patients who presented in the emergency department with dyspnea. The clinical diagnosis of acute CHF was determined by study physicians who were blinded to NT-proBNP results. The primary end point was a comparison of NT-proBNP results with the clinical assessment of the managing physician for identifying acute CHF. The median NT-proBNP level among 209 patients (35%) who had acute CHF was 4,054 versus 131 pg/ml among 390 patients (65%) who did not (p <0.001). NT-proBNP at cutpoints of >450 pg/ml for patients <50 years of age and >900 pg/ml for patients >or=50 years of age were highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of acute CHF (p <0.001). An NT-proBNP level <300 pg/ml was optimal for ruling out acute CHF, with a negative predictive value of 99%. Increased NT-proBNP was the strongest independent predictor of a final diagnosis of acute CHF (odds ratio 44, 95% confidence interval 21.0 to 91.0, p <0.0001). NT-proBNP testing alone was superior to clinical judgment alone for diagnosing acute CHF (p = 0.006); NT-proBNP plus clinical judgment was superior to NT-proBNP or clinical judgment alone. NT-proBNP measurement is a valuable addition to standard clinical assessment for the identification and exclusion of acute CHF in the emergency department setting.
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Krauser DG, Lloyd-Jones DM, Chae CU, Cameron R, Anwaruddin S, Baggish AL, Chen A, Tung R, Januzzi JL. Effect of body mass index on natriuretic peptide levels in patients with acute congestive heart failure: a ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) substudy. Am Heart J 2005; 149:744-50. [PMID: 15990762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with lower B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in healthy individuals and patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Neither the mechanism of natriuretic peptide suppression in the obese patient nor whether obesity affects natriuretic peptide levels among patients with acute CHF is known. METHODS The associations of amino-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), BNP, and body mass index (BMI) were examined in 204 subjects with acute CHF. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently related to NT-proBNP and BNP levels. RESULTS Across clinical strata of normal (<25 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (> or =30 kg/m2) patients, median NT-proBNP and BNP levels decreased with increasing BMI (both P values < .001). In multivariable analyses adjusting for covariates known to affect BNP levels, the inverse relationship between BMI and both NT-proBNP and BNP remained ( P < .05 for both). Using a cut point of 900 pg/mL, NT-proBNP was falsely negative in up to 10% of CHF cases in overweight patients (25-29.9 kg/m2) and 15% in obese patients (> or =30 kg/m2). Using the standard cut point of 100 pg/mL, BNP testing was falsely negative in 20% of CHF cases in both overweight and obese patients. The assays for NT-proBNP and BNP exhibited similar overall sensitivity for the diagnosis of CHF. CONCLUSIONS When adjusted for relevant covariates, compared with normal counterparts, overweight and obese patients with acute CHF have lower circulating NT-proBNP and BNP levels, suggesting a BMI-related defect in natriuretic peptide secretion. NT-proBNP fell below the diagnostic cutoff for CHF less often than BNP in overweight and obese individuals; however, when used as a diagnostic tool to identify CHF in such patients, both markers may have reduced sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Krauser
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02114, USA
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Alphonso N, Tan C, Utley M, Cameron R, Dussek J, Lang-Lazdunski L, Treasure T. A prospective randomized controlled trial of suction versus non-suction to the under-water seal drains following lung resection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 27:391-4. [PMID: 15740944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2004] [Revised: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Practice varies as to whether or not suction is applied to under-water seal drains following lung surgery. We tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference with respect to air leak duration. METHODS Patients undergoing thoracotomy or video assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lobectomy or wedge resection had either low-pressure suction or no suction applied to their underwater seal bottles postoperatively. Patients were allocated using minimization, a method of unbiased allocation ensuring balance between the arms of a trial with respect to known or suspected confounding factors. The trial was powered for duration of air leak. If an air leak persisted on the 7th post-operative day, the surgeon determined further management. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of air leak duration and a log rank test were performed on an intention-to-treat basis, with observations censored at 144h (6 complete days). RESULTS Of the 254 patients that entered the trial, data were available for analysis for 239 (123 no-suction and 116 suction). There was no significant difference in the cumulative persistence of air leaks between the two groups (P=0.62) and inspection of the Kaplan-Meier curves suggests that any difference is negligible. CONCLUSIONS Applying suction to the underwater seal drains following lung surgery makes no difference in terms of air leak duration. In the light of this finding we have adopted a uniform policy of no suction being applied to the underwater seal, from the time of surgery, unless a specific clinical judgment is made to use it. The anticipated gains are that this will reduce work and cost and aid mobilization.
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Wells R, Scott P, Harrison D, Cameron R, Johnston SD, D'Occhio MJ. 306. Testicular growth factor expression after hemicastration in the neonatal boar. Reprod Fertil Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/srb05abs306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms associated with testicular hypertrophy after hemicastration are poorly understood. Sertoli cells in culture underwent increased proliferation when exposed to fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2)1 and transforming growth factor-α (TGFα).2 To determine whether FGF2 and TGFα expression is upregulated during accelerated testicular growth after hemicastration in the boar animals were assigned to (a) control (n = 12), no treatment; (b) hemicastrated (n=14), left testis removed on Day 10 after birth. The right testis was removed from half the control and hemicastrated boars, respectively, on Days 15 and 20 after birth. RNA was extracted from sections of frozen testis, cDNA synthesised using TaqMan® Reverse Transcription, and real-time PCR performed. FGF2 expression was determined using forward (5′GTG TTA CAG ACG AGT GTT TCT TTT TTG3′), internal (5′acg act gga atc taa t3′) and reverse (5′TTC CTC GAC CGG TAA GTA TTG TAG T3′) primers. TGFα expression was similarly determined using forward (5′GGC TGT CCT CAT CAT CAC ATG T3′), internal (5′tgc tga tac act gct gc3′) and reverse (5′CGG CAC CAC TCA CAG TGT TT3′) primers. Data were analysed by ANOVA and LSD test (testis weight) and unpaired two-tailed t-tests assuming equal variance (FGF2, TGFα). There was no difference (P > 0.05) in testis weight between hemicastrated (3.9 ± 0.3 g; mean ± SEM) and control (3.6 ± 0.5 g) boars on Day 5 but on Day 10 hemicastrated boars had a greater (P = 0.01) testis weight (6.2 ± 0.8 g) than controls (4.3 ± 0.4 g). There were no differences (P > 0.05) between control and hemicastrated boars in TGFα or FGF2 expression on Days 5 and 10. It is concluded from the findings that upregulation of TGFα or FGF2 gene expression is not required for testicular hypertrophy subsequent to hemicastration in the neonatal boar.
(1)Biol Reprod (1987); 37: 665–674.(2)Mol Cell Endocrinol (2001); 181: 221–227.
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Baggish AL, Cameron R, Anwaruddin S, Chen AA, Krauser DG, Tung R, Januzzi JL. A clinical and biochemical critical pathway for the evaluation of patients with suspected acute congestive heart failure: The ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) algorithm. Crit Pathw Cardiol 2004; 3:171-176. [PMID: 18340169 DOI: 10.1097/01.hpc.0000145817.68289.a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dyspnea is a primary clinical manifestation of acute congestive heart failure (CHF) among patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Unfortunately, other critical illnesses, including acute coronary syndromes, pulmonary embolism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia, may present with clinical symptoms and signs similar to acute CHF. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has proven to be a powerful tool in the diagnostic assessment of dyspnea as a result of its ability to confirm or exclude the presence of acute CHF. However, many of the disorders that mimic acute CHF may result in elevated NT-proBNP levels as well. Results from the ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) study recently demonstrated that a strategy integrating NT-proBNP testing into routine clinical assessment demonstrated a better diagnostic yield than each strategy used in isolation. We present a diagnostic algorithm integrating NT-proBNP testing with clinical assessment for use in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Baggish
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Effusions and empyema may complicate lower respiratory tract infections. Loculation of fluid is a major problem with this condition and treatments have included surgical drainage and the use of intra-pleural fibrinolysis to break down fibrin bands that may cause loculation. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of the benefit of adding intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy to intercostal tube drainage in the treatment of complicated para pneumonic effusions and empyema. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register was initially searched for relevant RCT's. Trial authors were contacted for further information and details regarding the possibility of unpublished trials was requested. The most recent search was conducted in July 2003. SELECTION CRITERIA All studies in the review were Randomised Controlled Trials in adult patients with empyema or complicated para pneumonic effusions who had not had prior surgical intervention or trauma. The intervention was an intrapleural fibrinolytic agent (streptokinase or urokinase) versus control or a comparison of the two. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS All identified studies were reviewed independently by two reviewer and all data collected. Reviews were scored according to the Cochrane assessment of allocation concealment and the Jadad scale of methodological quality. Disagreements between reviewers were referred to a third reviewer. Where further information was required, authors of trial papers were contacted for further details. MAIN RESULTS Four studies were included, one which directly compared the fibrinolytics streptokinase and urokinase. Three small RCTs (total 104 patients) compared streptokinase or urokinase versus normal saline control. The pooled data showed significant benefits in terms of hospital stay, time to defervescence, improvement in chest radiograph, requirement for surgery, but the results were not always consistent across studies. Complications attributable to therapy were not observed. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS The numbers of patients in the controlled trials are small. In meta-analysis of these trials, intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy confers significant benefit when compared with normal saline control. Although lesser levels of evidence suggest that intrapleural fibrinolysis can be considered as an important adjunctive therapy to intercostal tube drainage in these conditions, on the basis of RCT evidence alone, we cannot recommend the routine use of fibrinolysis in their management as the trial numbers are too small. Both streptokinase and urokinase are equally efficacious but streptokinase has a slightly higher non-fatal complication rate. Life-threatening complications are rare and were not seen in the RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cameron
- Intensive Care, Gosford Hospital, PO Box 361, Gosford, NSW, Australia, 2250
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Vallis KA, Reilly RM, Chen P, Oza A, Hendler A, Cameron R, Hershkop M, Iznaga-Escobar N, Ramos-Suzarte M, Keane P. A phase I study of 99mTc-hR3 (DiaCIM), a humanized immunoconjugate directed towards the epidermal growth factor receptor. Nucl Med Commun 2002; 23:1155-64. [PMID: 12464779 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-200212000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A phase I trial was conducted to evaluate the safety, tumour and normal tissue localization, pharmacokinetics and radiation dosimetry of Tc-hR3, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed towards the epidermal growth factor receptor, in 12 patients with recurrent or metastatic epithelial malignancies. Patients were injected intravenously with 3.0 mg or 6.0 mg (1010 MBq) of Tc-hR3. Blood and plasma concentrations of radioactivity were measured and a complete 24 h urine collection was obtained. Whole-body images were acquired up to 24 h post-injection and normal organ uptake quantified. Radiation dosimetry was estimated using MIRDose. Safety was evaluated by clinical observation, biochemical/haematological testing and by measuring immune response to Tc-hR3. There were no adverse effects, no changes in biochemical/haematological indices and no immune response to Tc-hR3. Tc-hR3 was rapidly cleared from the blood with a distribution half-life of 10.8+/-3.8 min. The volume of distribution, and clearance, were 180+/-37 ml.kg and 14+/-3 ml.kg.min, respectively. The elimination phase could not be discerned due to increasing blood radioactivity at later times. About 19-24% was excreted in the urine. Normal tissue uptake was mainly in the liver (44-50%), spleen (3-4%) and kidneys (3%). Imaging was positive in one patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth and an involved cervical lymph node. The whole-body radiation dose from Tc-hR3 was 1.34+/-0.02x10 mSv.Bq. We conclude that Tc-hR3 exhibited an excellent safety profile. Future studies to determine the sensitivity and specificity of imaging with Tc-hR3 in a larger group of patients with pre-selection for epidermal growth factor receptor positivity are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Vallis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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Strahan EJ, White K, Fong GT, Fabrigar LR, Zanna MP, Cameron R. Enhancing the effectiveness of tobacco package warning labels: a social psychological perspective. Tob Control 2002; 11:183-90. [PMID: 12198266 PMCID: PMC1759023 DOI: 10.1136/tc.11.3.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To outline social psychological principles that could influence the psychosocial and behavioural effects of tobacco warning labels, and to inform the development of more effective tobacco warning labels. DATA SOURCES PsycInfo and Medline literature searches and expert guided selection of principles and theories in social psychology and of tobacco warning labels, including articles, books, and reports. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco warning labels represent a potentially effective method of influencing attitudes and behaviours. This review describes social psychological principles that could be used to guide the creation of more effective warning labels. The potential value of incorporating warning labels into a broader public health education campaign is discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Strahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Asano TK, McLeod RS, Blitz M, Butts C, Kneteman N, Bigam D, Oosthuizen JFM, Phang PT, Gouthro D, Ravid A, Liu M, O'Connor BI, MacRae HM, Cohen Z, McLeod RS, Al-Obeed O, Penning J, Stern HS, Colquhoun P, Nogueras J, Dipasquale B, Petras J, Wexner S, Woodhouse S, Raval MJ, Heine JA, May GR, Bass S, Brown CJ, MacLean AR, Asano T, Cohen Z, MacRae HM, O'Connor BI, McLeod RS, Asano TK, Toma D, Stern HS, McLeod RS, Irshad K, Ghitulescu GA, Gordon PH, MacLean AR, Lilly L, Cohen Z, O'Connor B, McLeod RS, Ravid A, O'Connor BI, Liu M, MacRae HM, Cohen Z, McLeod RS, St Germaine RL, de Gara CJ, Fox R, Kenwell Z, Blitz S, Wong JT, Mc-Mulkin HM, Porter GA, Jayaraman S, Gray D, Burpee SE, Schlachta CM, Mamazza J, Pace K, Poulin EC, Freeman J, Tranqui P, Trottier D, Bodurtha A, Sarma A, Bheerappa N, Sastry RA, de Gara CJ, Hanson J, Hamilton S, Taylor MC, Haase E, Stevens J, Rigo V, Richards J, Bigam DL, Cheung PY, Burpee SE, Schlachta CM, Mamazza J, Pace K, Poulin EC, Grace DM, Gupta S, Sarma A, Bheerappa N, Radhakrishna P, Sastry RA, Malik S, Duffy P, Schulte P, Cameron R, Pace KT, Dyer S, Phan V, Poulin E, Schlachta C, Mamazza J, Stewart R, Honey RJ, Kanthan R, Kanthan SC, Jayaraman S, Aarts MA, Solomon MJ, McLeod RS, Ong S, Pitt D, Stephen W, Latulippe J, Girotti M, Bloom S, Pace K, Dyer S, Stewart R, Honey RJ, Poulin E, Schlachta C, Mamazza J, Furlan JC, Rosen IB, Asano TK, Haigh PI, McLeod RS, Al Saleh N, Taylor B, Karimuddin AA, Marschall J, McFadden A, Pollett WG, Dicks E, Tranqui P, Trottier D, Freeman J, Bodurtha A, Urbach DR, Bell CM, Austin PC, Cleary SP, Gyfe R, Greig P, Smith L, Mackenzie R, Strasberg S, Hanna S, Taylor B, Langer B, Gallinger S, Marschall J, Nechala P, Chibbar R, Colquhoun P, Zhou J, Lee TDG, Meneghetti AT, McKenna GJ, Owen D, Scudamore CH, McMaster RM, Chung SW, Aarts MA, Granton J, Cook DJ, Bohnen JMA, Marshall JC, Colquhoun P, Weiss E, Efron J, Nogueras J, Vernava A, Wexner S, Poulin EC, Schlachta CM, Burpee SE, Pace KT, Mamazza J, Rosen IB, Furlan JC, Charghi R, Schricker T, Backman S, Rouah F, Christou NV, Obayan A, Keith R, Juurlink BHJ, Skaro AI, Liwski RS, Zhou J, Lee TDG, Hirsch GM, Powers KA, Khadaroo RG, Papia G, Kapus A, Rotstein OD, Furlan JC, Rosen IB, Stratford AFC, George RL, VanManen L, Klassen DR, Feldman LS, Mayrand S, Mercier L, Stanbridge D, Fried GM, Nanji SA, Hancock WW, Anderson C, Shapiro AMJ, Butter A, Martins L, Taylor B, Ott MC, Rycroft K, Wall WJ, Burpee SE, Schlachta CM, Mamazza J, Pace K, Poulin EC, Taylor MC, Christou NV, Jarand J, Sylvestre JL, McLean APH, Behzadi A, Tan L, Unruh H, Brandt MG, Darling GE, Miller L, Seely AJE, Maziak DE, Gunning D, Do MT, Bukhari M, Shamji FM, Abdurahman A, Darling G, Ginsberg R, Johnston M, Waddell T, Keshavjee S, Cuccarolo G, Charyk-Stewart T, Inaba K, Malthaner R, Gray D, Girotti M, Grondin SC, Tutton SM, Sichlau MJ, Pozdol C, McDonough TJ, Masters GA, Ray DW, Liptay MJ. Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Canadian Association of General Surgeons Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons: Canadian Surgery Forum, London, Ont., Sept. 19 to 22, 2002. Can J Surg 2002; 45:3-26. [PMID: 37381180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D Pitt
- Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
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Banks E, Beral V, Cameron R, Hogg A, Langley N, Barnes I, Bull D, Elliman J, Harris CL. Agreement between general practice prescription data and self-reported use of hormone replacement therapy and treatment for various illnesses. J Epidemiol Biostat 2002; 6:357-63. [PMID: 12036270 DOI: 10.1080/13595220152601837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies of the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) often rely on exposure data and information on past health from self-administered questionnaires. The accuracy with which women report current use of HRT and the specific preparation in use is not known. This study aims to compare aspects of self-reported use of HRT and treatment for various conditions with data from general practice prescription records. METHODS Reported questionnaire data on use of HRT were compared with those on the general practice prescription record for 570 women participating in the Million Women Study from two general practices in the UK. RESULTS There was excellent agreement between data from the self-administered questionnaire and the prescription record: 96% agreement (kappa = 0.91) for current use of HRT, 95% agreement (kappa = 0.90) for any use of HRT during the period covered by the prescription record, and 97% agreement (kappa = 0.95) among current users for whether the HRT preparation contained oestrogen alone, combined oestrogen/progestogen, or some other constituents. Among former HRT users who provided questionnaire information on the preparation they used most recently, there was 69% agreement on the proprietary preparation used and 97% agreement (kappa = 0.93) on the hormonal constituents used. Agreement between reported treatment for various conditions and the presence of a prescription appropriate for that condition ranged from 89-99% (kappa 0.53-0.92), and was highest for thyroid disease and asthma. CONCLUSION Important aspects of use of HRT, such as type of preparation currently being used, are reported very reliably by women completing a self-administered questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Banks
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK
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Riley B, Elliott S, Taylor M, Cameron R, Walker R. Dissemination of heart health promotion: lessons from the Canadian Heart Health Initiative Ontario Project. Promot Educ 2002; Suppl 1:26-30. [PMID: 11677820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Situated in central-eastern Canada, Ontario is the largest province with a population of 11 million. Ontario is considered a fairly rich province at the centre of Canada's manufacturing and financial sectors. Public health services in Ontario are primarily delivered through public health departments, each administered by a local board of health and regulated by provincial legislation and program guidelines. The Canadian Heart Health Initiative Ontario Project (CHHIOP) was a four year project (1994 to 1998) undertaken as part of the dissemination phase of the Canadian Heart Health Initiative (CHHI) (see O'Loughlin et al., p.4). CHHIOP is one component of a long-term process to develop and implement effective heart health programs in Ontario.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Riley
- RRJ Health Management Associates, 460 Frederick St., Kitchener, ON, Canada N2H 2P5.
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O'Loughlin J, Elliott SJ, Cameron R, Eyles J, Harvey D, Robinson K, Hanusaik N. From diversity comes understanding: health promotion capacity-building and dissemination research in Canada. Promot Educ 2002; Suppl 1:4-8. [PMID: 11677823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases are the major cause of preventable death in industrialized countries and a growing concern elsewhere (Singapore Declaration, 1998). Modifiable risk factors for these diseases are prevalent [e.g., in Canada, 75% of adults have at least one modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)] (Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, 1997).
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Affiliation(s)
- J O'Loughlin
- Direction de la santé publique de Montréal-Centre UOT Santé Physique 1301, rue Sherbrooke Est Montréal, Québec, Canada H2L 1M3.
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Wang J, Chen P, Su ZF, Vallis K, Sandhu J, Cameron R, Hendler A, Reilly RM. Amplified delivery of indium-111 to EGFR-positive human breast cancer cells. Nucl Med Biol 2001; 28:895-902. [PMID: 11711308 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(01)00262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A method is described to amplify the delivery of 111In to human breast cancer cells utilizing a novel human serum albumin-human EGF (HSA-hEGF) bioconjugate substituted preferentially in the HSA domain with multiple DTPA metal chelators for 111In. 111In-DTPA-HSA-hEGF exhibited a lower receptor-binding affinity than 111In-DTPA-hEGF but was rapidly and specifically bound, internalized and translocated to the nucleus in EGFR-positive MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. 111In-DTPA-HSA-hEGF was cytotoxic in vitro mainly through the emission of short-range Auger electrons and partially through the effects of the hEGF moiety to MDA-MB-468 cells overexpressing EGFR (1-2 x 10(6) receptors/cell) but not towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells with a 100-fold lower level of EGFR on their surface. The cytotoxicity in vitro against MDA-MB-468 cells of 111In-DTPA-HSA-hEGF substituted with nine DTPA chelators was enhanced 4-fold compared to 111In-DTPA-hEGF monosubstituted with DTPA. Studies are planned to further evaluate 111In-DTPA-HSA-hEGF in vivo as a new imaging and targeted radiotherapeutic agent for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
In this review we examine the modifying effect of specific drugs on apoptosis. Apoptosis is a type of cell death prevalent during many physiological and pathological conditions, consisting of several steps, namely, initiating stimuli, transduction pathways, effector mechanisms, nuclear fragmentation, and phagocytosis. Pharmacological substances such as glucocorticoids can either induce or inhibit the process of apoptosis in various cells depending on the type of drug and its concentration. Understanding the mechanisms of interaction of drugs with cells undergoing apoptosis could encourage novel therapeutic approaches to human diseases in which apoptosis has a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cameron
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, Canada
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Cameron R, Best JA, Brown KS. Re: Hutchinson Smoking Prevention Project: long-term randomized trial in school-based tobacco use prevention--results on smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93:1267-8; author reply 1269-71. [PMID: 11504773 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/93.16.1267-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bollag RJ, Zhong Q, Ding KH, Phillips P, Zhong L, Qin F, Cranford J, Mulloy AL, Cameron R, Isales CM. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide is an integrative hormone with osteotropic effects. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001; 177:35-41. [PMID: 11377818 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is a gut-derived hormone known to be important in modulating glucose-induced insulin secretion. In addition, GIP receptors are widely distributed and may have effects on multiple other tissues: fat cells, adrenal glands, endothelium and brain. We have demonstrated recently that GIP also has anabolic effects on bone-derived cells. We now demonstrate that GIP administration prevents the bone loss associated with ovariectomy. We propose that GIP plays a unique role in signaling the bone about nutrient availability, indicating the importance of the gut hormones in directing absorbed nutrients to the bone, and suggesting the concept of an 'entero-osseous axis'. Thus, GIP plays an integrative role helping coordinate efficient and targeted nutrient absorption and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bollag
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Malkan G, Humar A, Lilly L, Greig PD, Grant D, Wanless IW, Cameron R, Levy GA, Cattrall MS. Natural history of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:1468. [PMID: 11267376 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Malkan
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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