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Iranmanesh R, Pourahmad A, Shabestani DS, Jazayeri SS, Sadeqi H, Akhavan J, Tounsi A. Author Correction: Wavelet-artificial neural network to predict the acetone sensing by indium oxide/iron oxide nanocomposites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19271. [PMID: 37935799 PMCID: PMC10630497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Iranmanesh
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, No. 1346, Vali Asr Street, Mirdamad Intersection, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afham Pourahmad
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamed Sadeqi
- Department of Internet and Wide Network, Iran Industrial Training Center Branch, University of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Akhavan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Abdelouahed Tounsi
- Material and Hydrology Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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Alizadeh A, Shahabi Takami SF, Iranmanesh R, Pasha P. Evaluation of AGM and FEM method for thermal radiation on nanofluid flow between two tubes in nearness of magnetism field. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16788. [PMID: 37303552 PMCID: PMC10248277 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nanofluid flow through two orbicular cylinders is explored utilizing the overall Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li (KKL) model within the nearness of a magnetic field. The impact of thermal radiation is considered in the energy equation. The novelty of this study is examining convective heat transfer for nanofluid flow between two flat tubes with the Akbari-Ganji method and Finite Element Techniques to examine the heat flux field by implies of 2D forms of temperature and velocity at unprecedented Reynolds numbers. The approaches for solving ODEs are AGM and FEM. Semi-analytical methods are assessed for specific parameters of aspect ratio, Hartmann number, Eckert number, and Reynolds quantity with various values. Adding Ha, Ec, and G causes the temperature gradient to grow, while adding the Reynolds number causes it to decrease. As the Lorentz forces increase, the velocity decreases; nevertheless, as the Reynolds number rises, the velocity decreases. With the reduction of the fluid's dynamic viscosity, the temperature will decrease, which will decrease the thermal trend along the vertical length of the pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- As'ad Alizadeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Shahabi Takami
- Department of Mathematics, Pure Mathematic, Analytical Tendency, Iran University of Science and Technology Narmak, 16846, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Iranmanesh
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 158754416, Iran
| | - Pooya Pasha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Babol, Iran
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Iranmanesh R, Pourahmad A, Shabestani DS, Jazayeri SS, Sadeqi H, Akhavan J, Tounsi A. Wavelet-artificial neural network to predict the acetone sensing by indium oxide/iron oxide nanocomposites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4266. [PMID: 36918606 PMCID: PMC10015010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study applies a hybridized wavelet transform-artificial neural network (WT-ANN) model to simulate the acetone detecting ability of the Indium oxide/Iron oxide (In2O3/Fe2O3) nanocomposite sensors. The WT-ANN has been constructed to extract the sensor resistance ratio (SRR) in the air with respect to the acetone from the nanocomposite chemistry, operating temperature, and acetone concentration. The performed sensitivity analyses demonstrate that a single hidden layer WT-ANN with nine nodes is the highest accurate model for automating the acetone-detecting ability of the In2O3/Fe2O3 sensors. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm has fine-tuned the shape-related parameters of the B-spline wavelet transfer function. This model accurately predicts the SRR of the 119 nanocomposite sensors with a mean absolute error of 0.7, absolute average relative deviation of 10.12%, root mean squared error of 1.14, and correlation coefficient of 0.95813. The In2O3-based nanocomposite with a 15 mol percent of Fe2O3 is the best sensor for detecting acetone at wide temperatures and concentration ranges. This type of reliable estimator is a step toward fully automating the gas-detecting ability of In2O3/Fe2O3 nanocomposite sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Iranmanesh
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, No. 1346, Vali Asr Street, Mirdamad Intersection, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afham Pourahmad
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamed Sadeqi
- Department of Internet and Wide Network, Iran Industrial Training Center Branch, University of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Akhavan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Abdelouahed Tounsi
- Material and Hydrology Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbès, Algeria
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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Iranmanesh R, Alizadeh A, Faraji M, Choubey G. Numerical investigation of compressible flow around nose cone with Multi-row disk and multi coolant jets. Sci Rep 2023; 13:787. [PMID: 36646787 PMCID: PMC9842636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to sever aerodynamic heating, the protection of forebody of scramjet is crucial for hypersonic flight. In present work, a new cooling system is proposed and investigated for the protection of nose cone at hypersonic flight. Computational fluid dynamic is used for the simulation of the lateral and axial coolant jet released from the spike at high-velocity condition. The primary goal is to find optimum jet location for efficient cooling of nose and spike assembly. Influence of two coolant jets (Carbon dioxide and Helium) on the mechanism of cooling system are fully investigated. For simulation, RANS equations are coupled with species transport equation and SST turbulence model. Two different jet configurations (axial disk positions) are investigated to obtain efficient condition for protection of nose cone at hypersonic flight. Our results indicate that the presence of the spike on the nose cone decreases pressure up to 33% on the main body and the shifts the maximum pressure to higher angles because of the deflection of the air stream. Maximum pressure drops about 50% by injection of the coolant disk jet (C2) at angle of 55 deg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Iranmanesh
- grid.411976.c0000 0004 0369 2065Faculty of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 158754416 Iran
| | - As’ad Alizadeh
- grid.472236.60000 0004 1784 8702Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - M. Faraji
- grid.411496.f0000 0004 0382 4574Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Gautam Choubey
- grid.494529.70000 0004 4684 9034Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management (IITRAM), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380026 India
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Iranmanesh R, Eandi CM, Peiretti E, Klais CM, Garuti S, Goldberg DE, Slakter JS, Yannuzzi LA. The Nature and Frequency of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 17:75-83. [PMID: 17294386 DOI: 10.1177/112067210701700111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to evaluate the frequency and nature of neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) utilizing the combination of digital imaging techniques, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green (ICG) angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS A complete clinical examination was performed on 100 eyes of 93 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with neovascular ARMD. Digital fluorescein angiography, ICG angiography, and OCT were also used in evaluating those patients. Comparison of the imaging techniques to determine their value in studying the nature of the lesions. RESULTS On the basis of existing fluorescein standards, 15 eyes were diagnosed with classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV), 15 with minimally classic CNV, and 70 with occult CNV. ICG angiography was superior for detecting the active vascular component in polypoidal CNV (16 eyes) and retinal angiomatous proliferation (14 eyes). OCT was more sensitive than FA for determining the presence of cystoid macular edema evident in the vast majority of eyes with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that FA, ICG angiography, and OCT, when used in combination, will assist clinicians in best determining the precise nature of the neovascular process in ARMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Iranmanesh
- The LuEsther T. Mertz Retina Research Center of Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report two cases of atypical late onset radiation chorioretinopathy occurring 15 and 25 years post exposure and the indocyanine green (ICG) angiographic findings in these patients. METHODS Clinical examination and imaging including fluorescein and ICG angiography were performed. RESULT Fundus examination of the first patient revealed microangiopathy with intraretinal hemorrhages, lipid exudation, telangiectatic and aneurysmal capillary changes. Indocyanine green angiography showed an apparent chorioretinal anastomosis and delayed perfusion of the choriocapillaris. Fundus examination of the second patient revealed a pigment epithelial detachment and retinal pigment epithelial changes. Indocyanine green angiography showed atypical, tortuous, dilated, choroidal vessels as well as areas of hypoperfusion. Both patients had multiple dot-like hyperfluorescent spots in the midphase of the ICG angiogram. CONCLUSIONS External radiation exposure may lead to both retinal and choroidal alterations which may be independent events and which may manifest after a long period of quiescence. Furthermore, ICG angiography appears to be a useful diagnostic tool to study the alterations of the choroid following external eye irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peiretti
- The Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, and LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, 460 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022, USA
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Hwang JC, Del Priore LV, Freund KB, Chang S, Iranmanesh R. Development of subretinal fibrosis after anti-VEGF treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2010; 42:6-11. [PMID: 20954648 DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20100924-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE to describe the development or progression of subfoveal fibrosis after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in the absence of significant subfoveal hemorrhage in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. PATIENTS AND METHODS retrospective case series. RESULTS seven eyes of seven patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration developed subfoveal fibrosis after anti-VEGF therapy in the absence of significant subfoveal hemorrhage. Five of seven patients experienced vision loss of 0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units or greater. CONCLUSION subfoveal fibrosis may develop or progress in neovascular age-related macular degeneration despite the absence of significant subfoveal hemorrhage and treatment with anti-VEGF. Development of anti-fibrotic therapeutics may be beneficial in reducing the incidence of subretinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Hwang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Tsang SH, Tsui I, Chou CL, Zernant J, Haamer E, Iranmanesh R, Tosi J, Allikmets R. A novel mutation and phenotypes in phosphodiesterase 6 deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 146:780-8. [PMID: 18723146 PMCID: PMC2593460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a systematic approach for the molecular diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and to report new genotype-phenotype correlations for phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6)-based RP mutations. DESIGN Clinical and molecular studies on a retrospective case series. METHODS We screened 40 unrelated RP patients with an autosomal recessive RP microarray. Individuals with RP caused by PDE6 deficiency underwent genetic segregation and phenotype analysis. RESULTS A disease-associated allele was identified in 32% of patients. Two probands (5%) had PDE6 mutations. The first proband was a compound heterozygote for known R102C and N216S alleles in PDE6A (MIM#180071). Pedigree analysis determined that the N216S variant was benign and direct sequencing discovered a novel, S303C allele. The second proband had a homozygous D600N mutation in the PDE6B gene (MIM#180072). Visual acuities of PDE6-deficient patients ranged from 20/40 to 20/200. Clinical studies showed unusual vitreomacular traction, cystoid macular edema, macular atrophy, and ring hyperfluorescence in PDE6-deficient patients. Such extensive vitreoretinal degeneration is not characteristic of photoreceptor-specific enzyme deficiencies. CONCLUSION High-throughput deoxyribonucleic acid microarray chips can be used in combination with clinical imaging to precisely characterize patients with RP. Identifying the precise mutation in RP may become the standard of care as gene therapy emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Tsang
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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Fine HF, Iranmanesh R, Iturralde D, Spaide RF. Outcomes of 77 consecutive cases of 23-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy surgery for posterior segment disease. Ophthalmology 2007; 114:1197-200. [PMID: 17544779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the initial experience, effectiveness, and safety profile of 23-gauge instrumentation for a variety of vitreoretinal conditions. DESIGN Single-center, retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-seven eyes of consecutive patients who underwent 23-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy surgery by a single surgeon at the Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital from October 2004 through October 2005. INTERVENTION All patients underwent 3-port 23-gauge vitrectomy using Dutch Ophthalmic Research Corporation instrumentation and an Alcon Accuris Vitrector. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postoperative visual acuity at months 1 and 3, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and operative time. RESULTS Mean acuity improved from 20/190 at baseline to 20/108 (P<0.0001) and 20/74 (P<0.0001) at months 1 and 3, respectively. By diagnosis, patients with epiretinal membrane (n = 20) improved from 20/124 to 20/93 (P = 0.0046), macular hole (n = 18) from 20/174 to 20/57 (P = 0.0007), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) (n = 14) from 20/248 to 20/51 (P = 0.0004), tractional RD (n = 12) from 20/175 to 20/62 (P = 0.0159), nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage (n = 12) from 20/1345 to 20/189 (P = 0.0004), vitreomacular traction (n = 4) from 20/145 to 20/124 (P = 0.7525), and retained lens fragments (n = 4) from 20/308 to 20/140 (P = 0.0972). One patient who underwent diagnostic vitrectomy had stable 20/50 acuity. Two patients had hypotony on postoperative day 1, 1 patient required a sutured sclerotomy intraoperatively, and no patients developed choroidal effusions. No intraoperative tears were noted. Surgical times collected on 17 patients during the final month of the study demonstrated a mean opening time (range) of 103 seconds (70-162), mean closing time of 75 seconds (17-470), and net operating time of 24.1 minutes (7.1-74.6). CONCLUSIONS Twenty-three-gauge instrumentation is effective for a variety of vitreoretinal surgical indications. The safety profile compared favorably with published rates for 25-gauge systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard F Fine
- Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York 10022, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Peiretti
- The Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, the LuEsther T Mertz Retinal Research Center, and Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, NY 10022, USA
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Abstract
A 24-year-old man presented with a large right frontal epidural epidermoid cyst that resulted in right hypoglobus and right upper eyelid ptosis. CT and MRI revealed a bone-destroying mass involving the right frontal bone and eroding through the right orbital roof. Complete surgical removal was performed through a frontal craniotomy. After surgery, there was near-complete resolution of the hypoglobus and ptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Iranmanesh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery, Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 80045, USA
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Iranmanesh R, Reddy S, Peiretti E, Slakter JS. Macular Hole Formation Following Thermal Laser Photocoagulation in a Patient With Choroidal Neovascular Membrane and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2006; 37:423-4. [PMID: 17017203 DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20060901-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A woman with age-related macular degeneration and an extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization was treated with thermal laser photocoagulation. Three years later, an optical coherence tomography image showed a full-thickness macular hole with some contracture toward the adjacent atrophic laser scar, suggestive of some presumptive tangential forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Iranmanesh
- Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, 460 Park Avenue, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10022, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in a series of patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS Nine eyes of six patients with acute CSC were evaluated with fluorescein angiography (FA) and FAF imaging to evaluate the nature of the focal retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) leak evident with FA. RESULTS All nine eyes in this series demonstrated hypo-autofluorescence corresponding precisely to the site of the focal RPE leak seen on FA. CONCLUSIONS In this group of patients, the acute focal RPE leaks seen with FA corresponded precisely to an area of hypo-autofluorescence imaged with FAF. This observation supports the concept that a mechanical defect or absence of the RPE accounts for the leakage from the inner choroid to the sub-neurosensory space in CSC. FAF is also a useful noninvasive diagnostic adjunct to identify the focal RPE leak in patients with acute CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara M Eandi
- The LuEsther T. Mertz Retina Research Center of Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Jen Chen
- The Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, NY 10022, USA
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Sainz J, Minassian BA, Serratosa JM, Gee MN, Sakamoto LM, Iranmanesh R, Bohlega S, Baumann RJ, Ryan S, Sparkes RS, Delgado-Escueta AV. Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy: narrowing the chromosome 6q24 locus by recombinations and homozygosities. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61:1205-9. [PMID: 9345091 PMCID: PMC1716039 DOI: 10.1086/301596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Serratosa JM, Delgado-Escueta AV, Medina MT, Zhang Q, Iranmanesh R, Sparkes RS. Clinical and genetic analysis of a large pedigree with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Ann Neurol 1996; 39:187-95. [PMID: 8967750 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410390208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is a common type of idiopathic generalized epilepsy characterized by myoclonic, generalized tonic-clonic, and in 30% of patients, absence seizures. We studied a three-generation pedigree of 33 members, 10 of whom were clinically affected with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy or presented with subclinical electroencephalographic (EEG) 3.5- to 6.0-Hz diffuse polyspike-wave or spike-wave complexes. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and the EEG trait segregated as an autosomal dominant trait with 70% penetrance. Linkage analysis using this model showed significant linkage to four microsatellite markers centromeric to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in chromosome 6p. Maximum lod scores of 3.43 at theta(m=f)=0.00 for D6S272, D6S466, D6S257, and D6S402 were obtained. Recombinant events in 2 affected members defined the gene region to a 43-cM interval flanked by D6S258 (HLA region) and D6S313 (centromere). Our results in this large family provide evidence that a gene responsible for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and the subclinical, 3.5- to 6.0-Hz, polyspike-wave or spike-wave EEG pattern is located in chromosome 6p.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Serratosa
- California Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of California, Los Angeles, 90073, USA
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