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Grau-Pujol B, Cano J, Marti-Soler H, Casellas A, Giorgi E, Nhacolo A, Saute F, Giné R, Quintó L, Sacoor C, Muñoz J. Neighbors' use of water and sanitation facilities can affect children's health: a cohort study in Mozambique using a spatial approach. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:983. [PMID: 35578273 PMCID: PMC9109333 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impact evaluation of most water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions in health are user-centered. However, recent research discussed WASH herd protection - community WASH coverage could protect neighboring households. We evaluated the effect of water and sanitation used in the household and by household neighbors in children's morbidity and mortality using recorded health data. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort including 61,333 children from a district in Mozambique during 2012-2015. We obtained water and sanitation household data and morbidity data from Manhiça Health Research Centre surveillance system. To evaluate herd protection, we estimated the density of household neighbors with improved facilities using a Kernel Density Estimator. We fitted negative binomial adjusted regression models to assess the minimum children-based incidence rates for every morbidity indicator, and Cox regression models for mortality. RESULTS Household use of unimproved water and sanitation displayed a higher rate of outpatient visit, diarrhea, malaria, and anemia. Households with unimproved water and sanitation surrounded by neighbors with improved water and sanitation high coverage were associated with a lower rate of outpatient visit, malaria, anemia, and malnutrition. CONCLUSION Household and neighbors' access to improve water and sanitation can affect children's health. Accounting for household WASH and herd protection in interventions' evaluation could foster stakeholders' investment and improve WASH related diseases control. Distribution of main water and sanitation facilities used during study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Grau-Pujol
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, C/Rosselló 132 4°1ª, 08036 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.452366.00000 0000 9638 9567Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique ,Mundo Sano Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Cano
- grid.463718.f0000 0004 0639 2906Expanded Special Project for Elimination of NTDs, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Helena Marti-Soler
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, C/Rosselló 132 4°1ª, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Casellas
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, C/Rosselló 132 4°1ª, 08036 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Departament de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emanuele Giorgi
- grid.9835.70000 0000 8190 6402Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW UK
| | - Ariel Nhacolo
- grid.452366.00000 0000 9638 9567Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Francisco Saute
- grid.452366.00000 0000 9638 9567Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ricard Giné
- grid.454010.40000 0001 1009 1661Stockholm International Water Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Llorenç Quintó
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, C/Rosselló 132 4°1ª, 08036 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.452366.00000 0000 9638 9567Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Charfudin Sacoor
- grid.452366.00000 0000 9638 9567Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jose Muñoz
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, C/Rosselló 132 4°1ª, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Grau-Pujol B, Sacoor C, Nhabomba A, Casellas A, Quintó L, Subirà C, Giné R, Valentín A, Muñoz J. WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION CONDITIONS IN RURAL SOUTHERN MOZAMBIQUE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY INDICATORS, 2012–2015. BMJ Glob Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000260.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Cabrera JC, Martí M, Toledo L, Giné R, Vázquez C. [West's syndrome associated with inversion duplication of chromosome 15]. Rev Neurol 1998; 26:77-9. [PMID: 9533212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a five year old boy with inversion duplication of chromosome 15 (inv dup (15)) who, at the age of six months had started to develop West's syndrome. He later developed cryptogenic myoclonic epilepsy which was resistant to medication. On examination there was dysmorphia, overall hypotonia and diffuse pyramidalism. On starting ACTH the crises of flexion spasms were reduced but these were soon followed by myoclonic crises, both tonic and atonic, which did not respond to the various anticonvulsive treatments given. We comment on the changes in chromosome 15 linked to convulsions, and particularly the phenotypes of the inv dup (15) which depend on the size and genetic composition of the anomaly. This is the third case described in the literature of a patient with West's syndrome associated with supernumerary inversion duplication of chromosome 15. It is suggested that the karyotype be included when studying convulsive encephalopathies and cryptogenic refractory epilepsy, especially in infantile spasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Cabrera
- Sección de Neuropediatria, Hospital Materno-Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
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Cabrera López JC, Martí M, Toledo Bravo de Laguna L, Giné R, Vázquez C. Síndrome de West asociado a inversión duplicación del cromosoma 15. Rev Neurol 1998. [DOI: 10.33588/rn.26149.981089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Milà M, Castellví-Bel S, Giné R, Vazquez C, Badenas C, Sánchez A, Estivill X. A female compound heterozygote (pre- and full mutation) for the CGG FMR1 expansion. Hum Genet 1996; 98:419-21. [PMID: 8792815 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of inherited mental retardation. The incidence has been estimated to be 1 in 1250 males and 1 in 2000 females. Molecular studies have shown that 95% of fragile X syndrome cases are caused by the expansion of a CGG triplet in the FMR1 gene with hypermethylation of the adjacent CpG island. In spite of the high incidence of this syndrome, a female with both FMR1 genes in the expanded form has never been reported. We presenting mental retardation and attention problems. Molecular analysis has revealed that both of her FMR1 genes have the CGG expansion, one with a premutation and the other with a full mutation. We have studied the CGG repeat in the FMR1 gene in 64 members of her family and detected 33 normal individuals, 14 carriers with the premutation (1 male and 13 females), and 18 individuals with full mutations (8 males and 10 females). The index case illustrates that the possibility of both parents being carriers of the fragile X syndrome premutation should be considered in consanguineous families or in small communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Milà
- Servei de Genètica, Hospital Clìnic, Barcelona, Spain.
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Robinson WP, Binkert F, Giné R, Vazquez C, Müller W, Rosenkranz W, Schinzel A. Clinical and molecular analysis of five inv dup(15) patients. Eur J Hum Genet 1993; 1:37-50. [PMID: 8069650 DOI: 10.1159/000472386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Five patients with inv dup(15) chromosomes were investigated with molecular probes on proximal 15q to determine the parental origin and extent of the duplicated segment. Cytogenetic investigation showed that four patients carried one and a fifth patient had two extra chromosomes derived from number 15 in all cells. In situ hybridization with a chromosome 15 library and a centromere 15 probe confirmed that the entire inv dup chromosomes were derived from chromosome 15. Molecular analysis using probes mapping in the region deleted in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) patients implied that in at least two patients the extra chromosomes were asymmetric with one copy of the PWS region on the extra marker chromosome but two copies of the region centromeric to the PWS region. Three other cases had an inv dup(15) with two extra copies of the PWS region, but in one of these, heteromorphisms clearly demonstrated that the two centromeres derived from two different chromosomes. The inv dup(15) presumably resulted from an illegitimate recombination event between two different chromosomes 15 in most or all of these cases. All patients showed a maternal origin of the duplicated chromosome. The clinical severity appears to be associated with dosage of the PWS/AS region rather than with differences in the extent of the duplicated segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Robinson
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik, Universität Zürich, Schwerz
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Giné R, Espinás ML, Antich J, Carballo M. [The molecular genetics of the fragile X syndrome. Its molecular diagnosis by DNA probes]. Med Clin (Barc) 1992; 98:121-4. [PMID: 1552760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytogenetic analysis of the fragile X affected shows a break point in the q27.3 region of chromosome X. However many carrier females and normal carrier males remain refractory to cytogenetic diagnosis. New DNA probes tightly linked to the fragile X point are now available allowing by the familiar RFLP analysis to detect the carrier members. METHODS Fragile X syndrome affected families were studied cytogenetically and by the use of DNA probes flanking the fragile X region: 1A1, U6.2, VK21 in the distal region and RN1, 4D-8, cX55.7 in the proximal. RESULTS The haplotypes from two X fragile syndrome affected families were obtained. These families were informatives for all the DNA probes used. The cytogenetic results obtained agree with the previously inheritance pattern reported. CONCLUSIONS It is very important to detect the normal male carriers. The determination in one family of the origin of the fragile X mutation is possible by the use of DNA probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Giné
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo, Hospital de la Seguridad Social de Las Palmas
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