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Chun T, Pattem J, Gillis RB, Dinu VT, Yakubov GE, Corfield AP, Harding SE. Comparative hydrodynamic and nanoscale imaging study on the interactions of teicoplanin-A2 and bovine submaxillary mucin as a model ocular mucin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11367. [PMID: 37443326 PMCID: PMC10344913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycopeptide antibiotics are regularly used in ophthalmology to treat infections of Gram-positive bacteria. Aggregative interactions of antibiotics with mucins however can lead to long exposure and increases the risk of resistant species. This study focuses on the evaluation of potential interactions of the last line of defence glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin with an ocular mucin model using precision matrix free hydrodynamic and microscopic techniques: sedimentation velocity in the analytical ultracentrifuge (SV-AUC), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For the mixtures of teicoplanin at higher doses (1.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL), it was shown to interact and aggregate with bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) in the distributions of both sedimentation coefficients by SV-AUC and hydrodynamic radii by DLS. The presence of aggregates was confirmed by AFM for higher concentrations. We suggest that teicoplanin eye drop formulations should be delivered at concentrations of < 1.25 mg/mL to avoid potentially harmful aggregations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Chun
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jacob Pattem
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
- Soft Matter Biomaterials and Biointerfaces, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Richard B Gillis
- College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Food and Nutrition Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Arundel Gate, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Vlad T Dinu
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Gleb E Yakubov
- Soft Matter Biomaterials and Biointerfaces, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Anthony P Corfield
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.
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2
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Jacob PL, Brugnoli B, Del Giudice A, Phan H, Chauhan VM, Beckett L, Gillis RB, Moloney C, Cavanagh RJ, Krumins E, Reynolds-Green M, Lentz JC, Conte C, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Couturaud B, Galantini L, Francolini I, Howdle SM, Taresco V. Poly (diglycerol adipate) variants as enhanced nanocarrier replacements in drug delivery applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:1043-1057. [PMID: 36996683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Sustainably derived poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA) has been deemed to deliver all the desirable features expected in a polymeric scaffold for drug-delivery, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, self-assembly into nanoparticles (NPs) and a functionalisable pendant group. Despite showing these advantages over commercial alkyl polyesters, PGA suffers from a series of key drawbacks caused by poor amphiphilic balance. This leads to weak drug-polymer interactions and subsequent low drug-loading in NPs, as well as low NPs stability. To overcome this, in the present work, we applied a more significant variation of the polyester backbone while maintaining mild and sustainable polymerisation conditions. We have investigated the effect of the variation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments upon physical properties and drug interactions as well as self-assembly and NPs stability. For the first time we have replaced glycerol with the more hydrophilic diglycerol, as well as adjusting the final amphiphilic balance of the polyester repetitive units by incorporating the more hydrophobic 1,6-n-hexanediol (Hex). The properties of the novel poly(diglycerol adipate) (PDGA) variants have been compared against known polyglycerol-based polyesters. Interestingly, while the bare PDGA showed improved water solubility and diminished self-assembling ability, the Hex variation demonstrated enhanced features as a nanocarrier. In this regard, PDGAHex NPs were tested for their stability in different environments and for their ability to encode enhanced drug loading. Moreover, the novel materials have shown good biocompatibility in both in vitro and in vivo (whole organism) experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa L Jacob
- School of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Benedetta Brugnoli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Hien Phan
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, Université de Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Veeren M Chauhan
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Beckett
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Gillis
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; Biomaterials Group, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom; College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Food and Nutrition Group, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Cara Moloney
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute-3, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Cavanagh
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute-3, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Eduards Krumins
- School of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joachim C Lentz
- School of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Conte
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Couturaud
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, Université de Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS UMR 7182, 2 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Dept. of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Iolanda Francolini
- Dept. of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Steven M Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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3
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Abu Hammad K, Dinu V, MacCalman TE, Pattem J, Goodall M, Gillis RB, Jefferis R, Harding SE. Comparative sedimentation equilibrium analysis of two IgG1 glycoforms: IgGCri and IgGWid. Eur Biophys J 2023; 52:439-443. [PMID: 37195494 PMCID: PMC10444637 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-023-01656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The solution properties of two different glycoforms of IgG1 (IgG1Cri and IgG1Wid) are compared using primarily sedimentation equilibrium analysis with two complementary analysis routines: SEDFIT-MSTAR and MULTISIG. IgGCri bears diantennary complex-type glycans on its Fc domain that are fully core fucosylated and partially sialylated, whilst on IgGWid, they are non-fucosylated, partially galactosylated and non-sialylated. IgGWid is also Fab glycosylated. Despite these differences, SEDFIT-MSTAR analysis shows similar weight average molar masses Mw of ~ (150 ± 5) kDa for IgGCri and ~ (154 ± 5) kDa for IgGWid and both glycoforms show evidence of the presence of a small fraction of dimer confirmed by MULTISIG analysis and also by sedimentation coefficient distributions from supportive sedimentation velocity measurements. The closeness of the sedimentation equilibrium behaviour and sedimentation coefficient distributions with a main peak sedimentation coefficient of ~ 6.4S for both glycoforms at different concentrations suggest that the different glycosylation profiles do not significantly impact on molar mass (molecular weight) nor conformation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Abu Hammad
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Vlad Dinu
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Thomas E MacCalman
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jacob Pattem
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Margaret Goodall
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard B Gillis
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
- College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Food and Nutrition Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Roy Jefferis
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.
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Gillis RB, Solomon HV, Govada L, Oldham NJ, Dinu V, Jiwani SI, Gyasi-Antwi P, Coffey F, Meal A, Morgan PS, Harding SE, Helliwell JR, Chayen NE, Adams GG. Analysis of insulin glulisine at the molecular level by X-ray crystallography and biophysical techniques. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1737. [PMID: 33462295 PMCID: PMC7814034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study concerns glulisine, a rapid-acting insulin analogue that plays a fundamental role in diabetes management. We have applied a combination of methods namely X-ray crystallography, and biophysical characterisation to provide a detailed insight into the structure and function of glulisine. X-ray data provided structural information to a resolution of 1.26 Å. Crystals belonged to the H3 space group with hexagonal (centred trigonal) cell dimensions a = b = 82.44 and c = 33.65 Å with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. A unique position of D21Glu, not present in other fast-acting analogues, pointing inwards rather than to the outside surface was observed. This reduces interactions with neighbouring molecules thereby increasing preference of the dimer form. Sedimentation velocity/equilibrium studies revealed a trinary system of dimers and hexamers/dihexamers in dynamic equilibrium. This new information may lead to better understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of glulisine which might aid in improving formulation regarding its fast-acting role and reducing side effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Gillis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK.
| | - Hodaya V Solomon
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lata Govada
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Neil J Oldham
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vlad Dinu
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Shahwar Imran Jiwani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Philemon Gyasi-Antwi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Frank Coffey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Andy Meal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Paul S Morgan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.,Universitetet I Oslo, St. Olavs plass, Postboks 6762, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - John R Helliwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Naomi E Chayen
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Gary G Adams
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK.
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Wakefield JMK, Hampe R, Gillis RB, Sitterli A, Adams GG, Kutzke H, Heinze T, Harding SE. Aminoethyl substitution enhances the self-assembly properties of an aminocellulose as a potential archaeological wood consolidant. Eur Biophys J 2020; 49:791-798. [PMID: 32844285 PMCID: PMC7701074 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The 6-deoxy-6-aminocelluloses—or “aminocelluloses”—are a class of synthetic natural cellulose derivatives which are mostly aqueous soluble and have excellent film-forming properties. Recent studies have connected these properties at the molecular level with protein-like self-associative behaviour for a range of aminocelluloses including a 6-deoxy-6-(ω-aminoethyl) aminocellulose AEA-1 with the association being a two-stage process—a reversible oligomerisation followed by further (semi-reversible) aggregation into larger structures. Here, we synthesise and compare a new 6-deoxy-6-(ω-aminoethyl) aminocellulose AEA-1′ with different degree of substitution with one with further alkyl derivatisation, namely 6-deoxy-6-(ω-hydroxyethyl) aminocellulose HEA-1′. As with AEA-1, sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge still show a two-stage process for both AEA-1′ and HEA-1′, with the latter giving higher molar masses. The consequences of these properties for use as consolidants for archaeological wood are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M K Wakefield
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK. .,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Robert Hampe
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Kompetenzzentrum Polysaccharidforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Richard B Gillis
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.,Queen's Medical Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Agnes Sitterli
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Kompetenzzentrum Polysaccharidforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Gary G Adams
- Queen's Medical Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Hartmut Kutzke
- Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Postbox 6762, St. Olavs plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Kompetenzzentrum Polysaccharidforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK. .,Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Postbox 6762, St. Olavs plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
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6
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Jiwani SI, Gillis RB, Besong D, Almutairi F, Erten T, Kök MS, Harding SE, Paulsen BS, Adams GG. Isolation and Biophysical Characterisation of Bioactive Polysaccharides from Cucurbita Moschata (Butternut Squash). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081650. [PMID: 32722155 PMCID: PMC7466094 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbits are plants that have been used frequently as functional foods. This study includes the extraction, isolation, and characterisation of the mesocarp polysaccharide of Cucurbita moschata. The polysaccharide component was purified by gel filtration into three fractions (NJBTF1, NJBTF2, and NJBTF3) of different molecular weights. Characterisation includes the hydrodynamic properties, identification of monosaccharide composition, and bioactivity. Sedimentation velocity also indicated the presence of small amounts of additional discrete higher molecular weight components even after fractionation. Sedimentation equilibrium revealed respective weight average molecular weights of 90, 31, and 19 kDa, with the higher fractions (NJBTF1 and NJBTF2) indicating a tendency to self-associate. Based on the limited amount of data (combinations of 3 sets of viscosity and sedimentation data corresponding to the 3 fractions), HYDFIT indicates an extended, semi-flexible coil conformation. Of all the fractions obtained, NJBTF1 showed the highest bioactivity. All fractions contained galacturonic acid and variable amounts of neutral sugars. To probe further, the extent of glycosidic linkages in NJBTF1 was estimated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS), yielding a high galacturonic acid content (for pectin polysaccharide) and the presence of fructans—the first evidence of fructans (levan) in the mesocarp. Our understanding of the size and structural flexibility together with the high bioactivity suggests that the polysaccharide obtained from C. moschata has the potential to be developed into a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahwar Imran Jiwani
- Queen’s Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.I.J.); (G.G.A.); Tel.: +44-(0)-115-748-4098 (S.I.J.); +44-(0)-115-823-0901 (G.G.A.)
| | - Richard B. Gillis
- Queen’s Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - David Besong
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad Almutairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tayyibe Erten
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Turkey;
| | - M. Samil Kök
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Gölköy, 14300 Bolu, Turkey;
| | - Stephen E. Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK;
| | - Berit S. Paulsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Section Pharmacognosy, University of Oslo, PB 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Gary G. Adams
- Queen’s Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.I.J.); (G.G.A.); Tel.: +44-(0)-115-748-4098 (S.I.J.); +44-(0)-115-823-0901 (G.G.A.)
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Beji O, Gillis RB, Dinu V, Jiwani SI, Gyasi-Antwi P, Fisk ID, Meal A, Morgan PS, Harding SE, Huang S, Agugini G, Fedele F, Adams GG. Exploration of temperature and shelf-life dependency of the therapeutically available Insulin Detemir. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:340-347. [PMID: 32446962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin, in typical use, undergoes multiple changes in temperature; from refrigerator, to room temperature, to body temperature. Although long-term storage temperature has been well-studied, the short term changes to insulin are yet to be determined. Insulin detemir (IDet) is a clinically available, slow-acting, synthetic analogue characterised by the conjugation of a C14 fatty acid. The function of this modification is to cause the insulin to form multi-hexameric species, thus retarding the pharmacokinetic rate of action. In this investigation, the temperature dependence properties of this synthetic analogue is probed, as well as expiration. METHODS Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and viscometry were employed to assess the effect of temperature upon IDet. Mass spectrometry was also used to probe the impact of shelf-life and the presence of certain excipients. RESULTS IDet was compared with eight other insulins, including human recombinant, three fast-acting analogues and two other slow-acting analogues. Of all nine insulins, IDet was the only analogue to show temperature dependent behaviour, between 20 °C and 37 °C, when probed with non-invasive backscatter dynamic light scattering. Upon further investigation, IDet observed significant changes in size related to temperature, direction of temperature (heated/cooled) and expiration with cross-correlation observed amongst all 4 parameters. CONCLUSIONS These findings are critical to our understanding of the behaviour of this particular clinically relevant drug, as it will allow the development of future generations of peptide-based therapies with greater clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oritsegidenene Beji
- University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Richard B Gillis
- University of Nottingham, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Vlad Dinu
- University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK; University of Nottingham, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Shahwar I Jiwani
- University of Nottingham, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philemon Gyasi-Antwi
- University of Nottingham, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian D Fisk
- University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Andrew Meal
- University of Nottingham, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul S Morgan
- University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen E Harding
- University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK; University of Nottingham, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK; Universitetet I Oslo, Postboks 6762, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sha Huang
- University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Giulia Agugini
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Fedele
- University of Salento, Piazzetta Tancredi 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gary G Adams
- University of Nottingham, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham, UK.
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8
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Dinu V, Gadon A, Hurst K, Lim M, Ayed C, Gillis RB, Adams GG, Harding SE, Fisk ID. An enzymatically controlled mucoadhesive system for enhancing flavour during food oral processing. NPJ Sci Food 2019; 3:11. [PMID: 31304283 PMCID: PMC6602951 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-019-0043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While a good mucoadhesive biopolymer must adhere to a mucus membrane, it must also have a good unloading ability. Here, we demonstrate that the biopolymer pullulan is partially digested by human salivary α-amylase, thus acting as a controlled release system, in which the enzyme triggers an increased release of flavour. Our oral processing simulations have confirmed an increase in the bioavailability of aroma and salt compounds as a function of oral pullulan degradation, although the release kinetics suggest a rather slow process. One of the greatest challenges in flavour science is to retain and rapidly unload the bioactive aroma and taste compounds in the oral cavity before they are ingested. By developing a cationic pullulan analogue we have, in theory, addressed the "loss through ingestion" issue by facilitating the adhesion of the modified polymer to the oral mucus, to retain more of the flavour in the oral cavity. Dimethylaminoethyl pullulan (DMAE-pullulan) was synthesised for the first time, and shown to bind submaxillary mucin, while still retaining its susceptibility to α-amylase hydrolysis. Although DMAE-pullulan is not currently food grade, we suggest that the synthesis of a sustainable food grade alternative would be a next generation mucoadhesive targeted for the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Dinu
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Arthur Gadon
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Katherine Hurst
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Mui Lim
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Charfedinne Ayed
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Richard B. Gillis
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gary G. Adams
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen E. Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
- Universitetet i Oslo, Postboks 6762, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ian D. Fisk
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
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9
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Dinu V, Gillis RB, MacCalman T, Lim M, Adams GG, Harding SE, Fisk ID. Submaxillary Mucin: its Effect on Aroma Release from Acidic Drinks and New Insight into the Effect of Aroma Compounds on its Macromolecular Integrity. FOOD BIOPHYS 2019; 14:278-286. [PMID: 31402849 PMCID: PMC6658575 DOI: 10.1007/s11483-019-09574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Submaxillary mucin is a major component that defines the makeup and functionality of saliva. Understanding its structure and function during food intake is key to designing appropriate strategies for enhancing the delivery of flavour. In the present study, the hydrodynamic integrity of bovine submaxillary mucin was characterised under physiological and acidic conditions and it was shown to have a broad molecular weight distribution with species ranging from 100 kDa to over 2000 kDa, and a random coil type of conformation. A decrease in the pH of mucin appeared to result in aggregation and a broader molecular weight distribution, which was shown to correlate with a release of flavour compounds. Our study also provides indications that p-cresol may have an effect on the macromolecular integrity of mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Dinu
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Richard B. Gillis
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham, UK
| | - Thomas MacCalman
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Mui Lim
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Gary G. Adams
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen E. Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
- Kulturhistorisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo, Postboks 6762, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ian D. Fisk
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
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10
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Channell GA, Adams GG, Lu Y, Gillis RB, Dinu V, Grundy MML, Bajka B, Butterworth PJ, Ellis PR, Mackie A, Ballance S, Harding SE. Use of the Extended Fujita method for representing the molecular weight and molecular weight distributions of native and processed oat beta-glucans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11809. [PMID: 30087367 PMCID: PMC6081461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta 1-3, 1-4 glucans ("beta-glucans") are one of the key components of the cell wall of cereals, complementing the main structural component cellulose. Beta-glucans are also an important source of soluble fibre in foods containing oats with claims of other beneficial nutritional properties such as plasma cholesterol lowering in humans. Key to the function of beta-glucans is their molecular weight and because of their high polydispersity - molecular weight distribution. Analytical ultracentrifugation provides a matrix-free approach (not requiring separation columns or media) to polymer molecular weight distribution determination. The sedimentation coefficient distribution is converted to a molecular weight distribution via a power law relation using an established procedure known as the Extended Fujita approach. We establish and apply the power law relation and Extended Fujita method for the first time to a series of native and processed oat beta-glucans. The application of this approach to beta-glucans from other sources is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Channell
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Gary G Adams
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - YuDong Lu
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Richard B Gillis
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Vlad Dinu
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Myriam M-L Grundy
- School of Agriculture, The Sustainable Agricultural and Food Systems Research Division, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Balazs Bajka
- Biopolymers Group, Department Nutritional Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Peter J Butterworth
- Biopolymers Group, Department Nutritional Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Peter R Ellis
- Biopolymers Group, Department Nutritional Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Alan Mackie
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.
- Kulturhistorisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo, Postboks 6762, St. Olavs plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Adams GG, Meal A, Morgan PS, Alzahrani QE, Zobel H, Lithgo R, Kok MS, Besong DTM, Jiwani SI, Ballance S, Harding SE, Chayen N, Gillis RB. Characterisation of insulin analogues therapeutically available to patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195010. [PMID: 29596514 PMCID: PMC5875863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of clinical dosage insulin and its analogues were assessed. This included ‘native insulins’ (human recombinant, bovine, porcine), ‘fast-acting analogues’ (aspart, glulisine, lispro) and ‘slow-acting analogues’ (glargine, detemir, degludec). Analytical ultracentrifugation, both sedimentation velocity and equilibrium experiments, were employed to yield distributions of both molar mass and sedimentation coefficient of all nine insulins. Size exclusion chromatography, coupled to multi-angle light scattering, was also used to explore the function of these analogues. On ultracentrifugation analysis, the insulins under investigation were found to be in numerous conformational states, however the majority of insulins were present in a primarily hexameric conformation. This was true for all native insulins and two fast-acting analogues. However, glargine was present as a dimer, detemir was a multi-hexameric system, degludec was a dodecamer (di-hexamer) and glulisine was present as a dimer-hexamer-dihexamer system. However, size-exclusion chromatography showed that the two hexameric fast-acting analogues (aspart and lispro) dissociated into monomers and dimers due to the lack of zinc in the mobile phase. This comprehensive study is the first time all nine insulins have been characterised in this way, the first time that insulin detemir have been studied using analytical ultracentrifugation and the first time that insulins aspart and glulisine have been studied using sedimentation equilibrium. The structure and function of these clinically administered insulins is of critical importance and this research adds novel data to an otherwise complex functional physiological protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary G. Adams
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (GGA); (RBG)
| | - Andrew Meal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S. Morgan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Qushmua E. Alzahrani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- Taif University, Faculty of Science, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ryan Lithgo
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - M. Samil Kok
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Department of Food Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - David T. M. Besong
- Functional Nanomaterials Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahwar I. Jiwani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen E. Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Chayen
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B. Gillis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (GGA); (RBG)
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12
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Phillips-Jones MK, Lithgo R, Dinu V, Gillis RB, Harding JE, Adams GG, Harding SE. Full hydrodynamic reversibility of the weak dimerization of vancomycin and elucidation of its interaction with VanS monomers at clinical concentration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12697. [PMID: 28983082 PMCID: PMC5629194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reversibility and strength of the previously established dimerization of the important glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin in four different aqueous solvents (including a medically-used formulation) have been studied using short-column sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge and model-independent SEDFIT-MSTAR analysis across a range of loading concentrations. The change in the weight average molar mass M w with loading concentration was consistent with a monomer-dimer equilibrium. Overlap of data sets of point weight average molar masses M w(r) versus local concentration c(r) for different loading concentrations demonstrated a completely reversible equilibrium process. At the clinical infusion concentration of 5 mg.mL-1 all glycopeptide is dimerized whilst at 19 µg.mL-1 (a clinical target trough serum concentration), vancomycin was mainly monomeric (<20% dimerized). Analysis of the variation of M w with loading concentration revealed dissociation constants in the range 25-75 μM, commensurate with a relatively weak association. The effect of two-fold vancomycin (19 µg.mL-1) appears to have no effect on the monomeric enterococcal VanS kinase involved in glycopeptide resistance regulation. Therefore, the 30% increase in sedimentation coefficient of VanS on adding vancomycin observed previously is more likely to be due to a ligand-induced conformational change of VanS to a more compact form rather than a ligand-induced dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Phillips-Jones
- AMR Biophysics Group, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
| | - Ryan Lithgo
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Vlad Dinu
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Gillis
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, United Kingdom
| | - John E Harding
- Department of Architecture and the Built Environment, The University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Gary G Adams
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
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13
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Adams GG, Alzahrani Q, Jiwani SI, Meal A, Morgan PS, Coffey F, Kok S, Rowe AJ, Harding SE, Chayen N, Gillis RB. Glargine and degludec: Solution behaviour of higher dose synthetic insulins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7287. [PMID: 28779138 PMCID: PMC5544765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Single, double and triple doses of the synthetic insulins glargine and degludec currently used in patient therapy are characterised using macromolecular hydrodynamic techniques (dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation) in an attempt to provide the basis for improved personalised insulin profiling in patients with diabetes. Using dynamic light scattering and sedimentation velocity in the analytical ultracentrifuge glargine was shown to be primarily dimeric under solvent conditions used in current formulations whereas degludec behaved as a dihexamer with evidence of further association of the hexamers ("multi-hexamerisation"). Further analysis by sedimentation equilibrium showed that degludec exhibited reversible interaction between mono- and-di-hexamer forms. Unlike glargine, degludec showed strong thermodynamic non-ideality, but this was suppressed by the addition of salt. With such large injectable doses of synthetic insulins remaining in the physiological system for extended periods of time, in some case 24-40 hours, double and triple dose insulins may impact adversely on personalised insulin profiling in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary G Adams
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Qushmua Alzahrani
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Shahwar I Jiwani
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Andrew Meal
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Paul S Morgan
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Frank Coffey
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Samil Kok
- Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Department of Food Engineering, Gölköy Bolu, Turkey
| | - Arthur J Rowe
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Stephen E Harding
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Naomi Chayen
- Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Richard B Gillis
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
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14
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Kerrison G, Gillis RB, Jiwani SI, Alzahrani Q, Kok S, Harding SE, Shaw I, Adams GG. The Effectiveness of Lifestyle Adaptation for the Prevention of Prediabetes in Adults: A Systematic Review. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:8493145. [PMID: 28567425 PMCID: PMC5439262 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8493145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes prevalence is increasing exceptionally worldwide and with this come associated healthcare costs. The primary outcome of this systematic review was to assess glycaemic control and incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis after exercise and dietary intervention (measured with any validated scale). The secondary outcome assessed body mass index change, weight change, and physical exercise capacity after diet and exercise intervention (measured with any validated scale). 1,780 studies were identified from searching electronic databases. Relevant studies went through a selection process. The inclusion criteria for all studies were people with prediabetes diagnosed by either impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Lifestyle adaptation reduced the incidence of diabetes development more than standard treatment. Furthermore, better glycaemic control, improved physical exercise capacity, and increased weight reduction were observed with lifestyle intervention over standard treatment. Finally, improvements over the long term deteriorated, highlighting problems with long-term adherence to lifestyle changes. Overall, cumulative incidence of diabetes is drastically reduced in the intervention groups compared to control groups (standard care). Furthermore, glycaemic control was improved in the short term, with many participants reverting to normoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kerrison
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine South Block, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Richard B. Gillis
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine South Block, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, NCMH Building, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Shahwar I. Jiwani
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine South Block, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, NCMH Building, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Qushmua Alzahrani
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine South Block, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, NCMH Building, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Samil Kok
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, NCMH Building, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Gölköy, 14280 Bolu, Turkey
| | - Stephen E. Harding
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, NCMH Building, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ian Shaw
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gary G. Adams
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine South Block, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, NCMH Building, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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15
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Harding SE, Gillis RB, Adams GG. Assessing sedimentation equilibrium profiles in analytical ultracentrifugation experiments on macromolecules: from simple average molecular weight analysis to molecular weight distribution and interaction analysis. Biophys Rev 2016; 8:299-308. [PMID: 28003857 PMCID: PMC5135724 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-016-0232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular weights (molar masses), molecular weight distributions, dissociation constants and other interaction parameters are fundamental characteristics of proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and glycoconjugates in solution. Sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation provides a powerful method with no supplementary immobilization, columns or membranes required. It is a particularly powerful tool when used in conjunction with its sister technique, namely sedimentation velocity. Here, we describe key approaches now available and their application to the characterization of antibodies, polysaccharides and glycoconjugates. We indicate how major complications, such as thermodynamic non-ideality, can now be routinely dealt with, thanks to a great extent to the extensive contribution of Professor Don Winzor over several decades of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Richard B Gillis
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.,School of Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Gary G Adams
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.,School of Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
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16
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McHale E, Braovac S, Steindal CC, Gillis RB, Adams GG, Harding SE, Benneche T, Kutzke H. Synthesis and characterisation of lignin-like oligomers as a bio-inspired consolidant for waterlogged archaeological wood. PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe development of new materials for the consolidation of waterlogged archaeological wood from sustainable sources is an important area of research, as the most widely used consolidant today is petroleum based. Ideally a new consolidant will interact with the existing wood structure, ensuring maximum compatibility. Lignin is often the major component remaining in archaeological wood, as it is less susceptible to degradation than holocellulose. Therefore, in order to maximise the potential for interaction with the wood cells, lignin-like oligomers have been synthesized from isoeugenol using a water soluble copper salen catalyst at pH 10, giving a weight average Mw of 1.6 kDa. Analysis by NMR spectroscopy has shown that the oligomers have a lignin-like structure with β-O-4′, β-β′ and β-5′ connections. A 10 w/w% solution of the oligomers in ethyl acetate was found to thoroughly penetrate 1 cm3 samples of waterlogged archaeological wood (density of 0.146 g/mL, maximum water content of 620%) after 14 days impregnation, as determined by FTIR spectroscopy. No impregnation material could be seen by SEM, suggesting that it coats the cell walls upon drying. This indicates that dehydrogenated polymers penetrate waterlogged archaeological wood well and have the potential to be developed into consolidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily McHale
- 1Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Post Box 6762 St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
- 2Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Post Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Susan Braovac
- 1Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Post Box 6762 St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Calin C. Steindal
- 1Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Post Box 6762 St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard B. Gillis
- 3Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- 4National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Gary G. Adams
- 3Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- 4National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Stephen E. Harding
- 4National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tore Benneche
- 2Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Post Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hartmut Kutzke
- 1Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Post Box 6762 St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
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17
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Uluisik S, Chapman NH, Smith R, Poole M, Adams G, Gillis RB, Besong TMD, Sheldon J, Stiegelmeyer S, Perez L, Samsulrizal N, Wang D, Fisk ID, Yang N, Baxter C, Rickett D, Fray R, Blanco-Ulate B, Powell ALT, Harding SE, Craigon J, Rose JKC, Fich EA, Sun L, Domozych DS, Fraser PD, Tucker GA, Grierson D, Seymour GB. Corrigendum: Genetic improvement of tomato by targeted control of fruit softening. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 34:1072. [PMID: 27727231 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1016-1072d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Gillis RB, Adams GG, Alzahrani Q, Harding SE. A novel analytical ultracentrifugation based approach to the low resolution structure of gum arabic. Biopolymers 2016; 105:618-25. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Gillis
- University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre; NG7 2RD UK
- University of Nottingham, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus; Loughborough LE12 5RD UK
| | - Gary G. Adams
- University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre; NG7 2RD UK
- University of Nottingham, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus; Loughborough LE12 5RD UK
| | - Qushmua Alzahrani
- University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, School of Health Sciences, Queens Medical Centre; NG7 2RD UK
- University of Nottingham, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus; Loughborough LE12 5RD UK
| | - Stephen E. Harding
- University of Nottingham, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus; Loughborough LE12 5RD UK
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington UK
| | - Gary G. Adams
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington UK
| | - Richard B. Gillis
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington UK
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Sweeney SM, Bullen GA, Gillis RB, Adams GG, Rowe AJ, Harding SE, Tucker JH, Peacock AF, Murphy PV. Coiled coil type neoglycoproteins presenting three lactose residues. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Berwick MR, Slope LN, Smith CF, King SM, Newton SL, Gillis RB, Adams GG, Rowe AJ, Harding SE, Britton MM, Peacock AFA. Location dependent coordination chemistry and MRI relaxivity, in de novo designed lanthanide coiled coils. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2207-2216. [PMID: 29899946 PMCID: PMC5968752 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we establish for the first time the design principles for lanthanide coordination within coiled coils, and the important consequences of binding site translation. By interrogating design requirements and by systematically translating binding site residues, one can influence coiled coil stability and more importantly, the lanthanide coordination chemistry. A 10 Å binding site translation along a coiled coil, transforms a coordinatively saturated Tb(Asp)3(Asn)3 site into one in which three exogenous water molecules are coordinated, and in which the Asn layer is no longer essential for binding, Tb(Asp)3(H2O)3. This has a profound impact on the relaxivity of the analogous Gd(iii) coiled coil, with more than a four-fold increase in the transverse relaxivity (21 to 89 mM-1 s-1), by bringing into play, in addition to the outer sphere mechanism present for all Gd(iii) coiled coils, an inner sphere mechanism. Not only do these findings warrant further investigation for possible exploitation as MRI contrast agents, but understanding the impact of binding site translation on coordination chemistry has important repercussions for metal binding site design, taking us an important step closer to the predictable and truly de novo design of metal binding sites, for new functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Berwick
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK .
| | - Louise N Slope
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK .
| | - Caitlin F Smith
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK .
| | - Siobhan M King
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK .
| | - Sarah L Newton
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK .
| | - Richard B Gillis
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics , School of Biosciences , University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington , LE12 5RD , UK
- School of Health Sciences , The University of Nottingham , Queen's Medical Centre , Nottingham , NG7 2HA , UK
| | - Gary G Adams
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics , School of Biosciences , University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington , LE12 5RD , UK
- School of Health Sciences , The University of Nottingham , Queen's Medical Centre , Nottingham , NG7 2HA , UK
| | - Arthur J Rowe
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics , School of Biosciences , University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington , LE12 5RD , UK
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics , School of Biosciences , University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington , LE12 5RD , UK
| | - Melanie M Britton
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK .
| | - Anna F A Peacock
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT , UK .
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Harding SE, Gillis RB, Almutairi F, Erten T, Kök MŞ, Adams GG. Recent advances in the analysis of macromolecular interactions using the matrix-free method of sedimentation in the analytical ultracentrifuge. Biology (Basel) 2015; 4:237-50. [PMID: 25756246 PMCID: PMC4381228 DOI: 10.3390/biology4010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Sedimentation in the analytical ultracentrifuge is a matrix free solution technique with no immobilisation, columns, or membranes required and can be used to study self-association and complex or “hetero”-interactions, stoichiometry, reversibility and interaction strength of a wide variety of macromolecular types and across a very large dynamic range (dissociation constants from 10−12 M to 10−1 M). We extend an earlier review specifically highlighting advances in sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge applied to protein interactions and mucoadhesion and to review recent applications in protein self-association (tetanus toxoid, agrin), protein-like carbohydrate association (aminocelluloses), carbohydrate-protein interactions (polysaccharide-gliadin), nucleic-acid protein (G-duplexes), nucleic acid-carbohydrate (DNA-chitosan) and finally carbohydrate-carbohydrate (xanthan-chitosan and a ternary polysaccharide complex) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Richard B Gillis
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Fahad Almutairi
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Tayyibe Erten
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - M Şamil Kök
- Department of Food Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14280, Turkey.
| | - Gary G Adams
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Gillis RB, Rowe AJ, Adams GG, Harding SE. A review of modern approaches to the hydrodynamic characterisation of polydisperse macromolecular systems in biotechnology. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2015; 30:142-57. [PMID: 25686159 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2014.994870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This short review considers the range of modern techniques for the hydrodynamic characterisation of macromolecules - particularly large glycosylated systems used in the food, biopharma and healthcare industries. The range or polydispersity of molecular weights and conformations presents special challenges compared to proteins. The review is aimed, without going into any great theoretical or methodological depth, to help the Industrial Biotechnologist choose the appropriate methodology or combination of methodologies for providing the detail he/she needs for particular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Gillis
- a National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington , LE12 5RD , UK
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Harding SE, Adams GG, Almutairi F, Alzahrani Q, Erten T, Samil Kök M, Gillis RB. Ultracentrifuge Methods for the Analysis of Polysaccharides, Glycoconjugates, and Lignins. Methods Enzymol 2015; 562:391-439. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Harding SE, Abdelhameed AS, Gillis RB, Morris GA, Adams GG. Characterization of Capsular Polysaccharides and Their Glycoconjugates by Hydrodynamic Methods. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1331:211-227. [PMID: 26169743 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2874-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic methods are relevant for the characterization of carbohydrates such as capsular bacterial polysaccharides or glycoconjugates in solution. This chapter focuses on the following hydrodynamic methods: sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV AUC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation (SE AUC), size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS), and capillary viscometry-intrinsic viscosity measurement. The chapter highlights the general principle of these five methods, describes experimental details, and specifies advances in the last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK,
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Schuck P, Gillis RB, Besong TM, Almutairi F, Adams GG, Rowe AJ, Harding SE. SEDFIT-MSTAR: molecular weight and molecular weight distribution analysis of polymers by sedimentation equilibrium in the ultracentrifuge. Analyst 2014; 139:79-92. [PMID: 24244936 PMCID: PMC4064941 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01507f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sedimentation equilibrium (analytical ultracentrifugation) is one of the most inherently suitable methods for the determination of average molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of polymers, because of its absolute basis (no conformation assumptions) and inherent fractionation ability (without the need for columns or membranes and associated assumptions over inertness). With modern instrumentation it is also possible to run up to 21 samples simultaneously in a single run. Its application has been severely hampered because of difficulties in terms of baseline determination (incorporating estimation of the concentration at the air/solution meniscus) and complexity of the analysis procedures. We describe a new method for baseline determination based on a smart-smoothing principle and built into the highly popular platform SEDFIT for the analysis of the sedimentation behavior of natural and synthetic polymer materials. The SEDFIT-MSTAR procedure - which takes only a few minutes to perform - is tested with four synthetic data sets (including a significantly non-ideal system), a naturally occurring protein (human IgG1) and two naturally occurring carbohydrate polymers (pullulan and λ-carrageenan) in terms of (i) weight average molecular weight for the whole distribution of species in the sample (ii) the variation in "point" average molecular weight with local concentration in the ultracentrifuge cell and (iii) molecular weight distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schuck
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 13, Rm 3N17, 13 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-5766, USA
| | - Richard B. Gillis
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Tabot M.D. Besong
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Fahad Almutairi
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Gary G. Adams
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Arthur J. Rowe
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Stephen E. Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
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Imran S, Gillis RB, Kok SM, Harding SE, Adams GG. Application and use of Inulin as a tool for therapeutic drug delivery. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2012; 28:33-45. [DOI: 10.5661/bger-28-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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