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Hoerantner MT, Wassweiler EL, Zhang H, Panda A, Nasilowski M, Osherov A, Swartwout R, Driscoll AE, Moody NS, Bawendi MG, Jensen KF, Bulović V. High-Speed Vapor Transport Deposition of Perovskite Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:32928-32936. [PMID: 31416312 PMCID: PMC6748557 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research of hybrid metal-halide perovskite materials for use as photoactive materials has resulted in an unmatched increase in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) over the last couple of years. Now that lab-fabricated perovskite devices rival the efficiency of silicon PVs, the next challenge of scalable mass manufacturing of large perovskite PV panels remains to be solved. For that purpose, it is still unclear which manufacturing method will provide the lowest processing cost and highest quality solar cells. Vapor deposition has been proven to work well for perovskites as a controllable and repeatable thin-film deposition technique but with processing speeds currently too slow to adequately lower the production costs. Addressing this challenge, in the present work, we demonstrate a high-speed vapor transport processing technique in a custom-built reactor that produces high-quality perovskite films with unprecedented deposition speed exceeding 1 nm/s, over 10× faster than previous vapor deposition demonstrations. We show that the semiconducting perovskite films produced with this method have excellent crystallinity and optoelectronic properties with 10 ns charge carrier lifetime, enabling us to fabricate the first photovoltaic devices made by perovskite vapor transport deposition. Our experiments are guided by computational fluid dynamics simulations that also predict that this technique could lead to deposition rates on the order of micrometers per second. This, in turn, could enable cost-effective scalable manufacturing of the perovskite-based solar technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian T. Hoerantner
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ella L. Wassweiler
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Haomiao Zhang
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anurag Panda
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michel Nasilowski
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anna Osherov
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard Swartwout
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aidan E. Driscoll
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicole S. Moody
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moungi G. Bawendi
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Mimee M, Nadeau P, Hayward A, Carim S, Flanagan S, Jerger L, Collins J, McDonnell S, Swartwout R, Citorik RJ, Bulović V, Langer R, Traverso G, Chandrakasan AP, Lu TK. An ingestible bacterial-electronic system to monitor gastrointestinal health. Science 2018; 360:915-918. [PMID: 29798884 DOI: 10.1126/science.aas9315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecular monitoring in the gastrointestinal tract could offer rapid, precise disease detection and management but is impeded by access to the remote and complex environment. Here, we present an ingestible micro-bio-electronic device (IMBED) for in situ biomolecular detection based on environmentally resilient biosensor bacteria and miniaturized luminescence readout electronics that wirelessly communicate with an external device. As a proof of concept, we engineer heme-sensitive probiotic biosensors and demonstrate accurate diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding in swine. Additionally, we integrate alternative biosensors to demonstrate modularity and extensibility of the detection platform. IMBEDs enable new opportunities for gastrointestinal biomarker discovery and could transform the management and diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mimee
- Microbiology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Phillip Nadeau
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alison Hayward
- Division of Comparative Medicine, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sean Carim
- Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sarah Flanagan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Logan Jerger
- Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Division of Pediatric Gastroentrology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joy Collins
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shane McDonnell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Richard Swartwout
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert J Citorik
- Microbiology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anantha P Chandrakasan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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