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Xu Z, Pan X, Lu H, Lu Q, Liang Y, He Z, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Wu W, Han X, Pan C. Surface Energy-Assisted Patterning of Vapor Deposited All-Inorganic Perovskite Arrays for Wearable Optoelectronics. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2402635. [PMID: 38639419 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Solution-based methods for fabricating all-inorganic perovskite film arrays often suffer from limited control over nucleation and crystallization, resulting in poor homogeneity and coverage. To improve film quality, advanced vapor deposition techniques are employed for continuous film. Here, the vapor deposition strategy to the all-inorganic perovskite films array, enabling area-selective deposition of perovskite through substrate modulation is expanded. It can yield a high-quality perovskite film array with different pixel shapes, various perovskite compositions, and a high resolution of 423 dpi. The resulting photodetector arrays exhibit remarkable optoelectronic performance with an on/off ratio of 13 887 and responsivity of 47.5 A W-1. The device also displays long-term stability in a damp condition for up to 12 h. Moreover, a pulse monitoring sensor based on the perovskite films array demonstrates stable monitoring for pulse signals after being worn for 12 h and with a low illumination of 0.055 mW cm-2, highlighting the potential application in wearable optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsheng Xu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Pan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Hui Lu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiuchun Lu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Yegang Liang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Zeping He
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yizhi Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Wu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xun Han
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Institute of Atomic Manufacturing, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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Jiang X, Geng C, Yu X, Pan J, Zheng H, Liang C, Li B, Long F, Han L, Cheng YB, Peng Y. Doping with KBr to Achieve High-Performance CsPbBr 3 Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:19039-19047. [PMID: 38573751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Wide-bandgap semitransparent perovskite photovoltaics are emerging as one of the ideal candidates for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). However, surface defects in inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite prepared by vapor deposition severely limit the optoelectronic performance of perovskite solar cells. To address this issue, a strategy of doping a trace amount of KBr into perovskite by vapor deposition is adopted, effectively improving the quality of the film, reducing surface defect concentration, and enhancing the transportation and extraction of charge carriers. Simultaneously, fully physical vapor deposition technology is employed to fabricate perovskite solar cells with an average visible light transmittance of 44%. These devices exhibited an ultrahigh open-circuit voltage of 1.55 V and a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.28%, demonstrating excellent moisture and heat resistance. Moreover, the corresponding 5 cm × 5 cm modules achieve a PCE of 5.35% with great thermal insulation capability. This work provides an approach for fabricating highly efficient all-inorganic perovskite solar cells with high average visible light transmittance, demonstrating new insights into their application in building-integrated photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongzhuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cong Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junye Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huiren Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Li
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone), Xiangyang 441006, China
| | - Fei Long
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi-Bing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Lin D, Fang J, Yang X, Wang X, Li S, Wang D, Xie G, Li H, Wang X, Qiu L. Modulating the Distribution of Formamidinium Iodide by Ultrahigh Humidity Treatment Strategy for High-Quality Sequential Vapor Deposited Perovskite. Small 2024; 20:e2307960. [PMID: 37946615 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The quality of two-step processed perovskites is significantly influenced by the distribution of organic amine salts. Especially, modulating the distribution of organic amine salts remains a grand challenge for sequential vapor-deposited perovskites due to the blocking effect of bottom compact PbI2. Herein, an ultrahigh humidity treatment strategy is developed to facilitate the diffusion of formamidinium iodide (FAI) from the top surface to the buried bottom interface on the sequential vapor-deposited bilayer structure. Both experimental and theoretical investigations elucidate the mechanism that moisture helps to i) create FAI diffusion channels by inducing a phase transition from α- to δ-phase in the perovskite, and ii) enhance the diffusivity of FAI by forming hydrogen bonds. This ultrahigh humidity treatment strategy enables the formation of a desired homogeneous and high-quality α-phase after annealing. As a result, a champion efficiency of 22.0% is achieved and 97.5% of its initial performance is maintained after aging for 1050 h under ambient air with a relative humidity of up to 80%. This FAI diffusion strategy provides new insights into the reproducible, scalable, and high-performance sequential vapor-deposited perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jun Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Yang
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Sibo Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Daozeng Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guanshui Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Huan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Longbin Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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Sergeevichev DS, Dorovskikh SI, Vikulova ES, Chepeleva EV, Vasiliyeva MB, Koretskaya TP, Fedorenko AD, Nasimov DA, Guselnikova TY, Popovetsky PS, Morozova NB, Basova TV. Vapor-Phase-Deposited Ag/Ir and Ag/Au Film Heterostructures for Implant Materials: Cytotoxic, Antibacterial and Histological Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1100. [PMID: 38256173 PMCID: PMC10816904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Using gas-phase deposition (Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD)) methods, modern implant samples (Ti alloy and CFR-PEEK polymer, 30% carbon fiber) were functionalized with film heterostructures consisting of an iridium or gold sublayer, on the surface of which an antibacterial component (silver) was deposited: Ag/Ir(Au)/Ti(CFR-PEEK). The biocidal effect of the heterostructures was investigated, the effect of the surface relief of the carrier and the metal sublayer on antibacterial activity was established, and the dynamics of silver dissolution was evaluated. It has been shown that the activity of Ag/Ir heterostructures was due to high Ag+ release rates, which led to rapid (2-4 h) inhibition of P. aeruginosa growth. In the case of Ag/Au type heterostructures, the inhibition of the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus occurred more slowly (from 6 h), and the antibacterial activity appeared to be due to the contribution of two agents (Ag+ and Au+ ions). It was found, according to the in vitro cytotoxicity study, that heterostructures did not exhibit toxic effects (cell viability > 95-98%). An in vivo biocompatibility assessment based on the results of a morphohistological study showed that after implantation for a period of 30 days, the samples were characterized by the presence of a thin fibrous capsule without volume thickening and signs of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Sergeevichev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.S.S.); (S.I.D.); (E.S.V.); (T.P.K.); (A.D.F.); (T.Y.G.); (P.S.P.); (N.B.M.)
- NMRC Named after Academician E.N. Meshalkin of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15, Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.B.V.)
| | - Svetlana I. Dorovskikh
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.S.S.); (S.I.D.); (E.S.V.); (T.P.K.); (A.D.F.); (T.Y.G.); (P.S.P.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Evgeniia S. Vikulova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.S.S.); (S.I.D.); (E.S.V.); (T.P.K.); (A.D.F.); (T.Y.G.); (P.S.P.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Elena V. Chepeleva
- NMRC Named after Academician E.N. Meshalkin of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15, Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.B.V.)
| | - Maria B. Vasiliyeva
- NMRC Named after Academician E.N. Meshalkin of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15, Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia; (E.V.C.); (M.B.V.)
- V. Zelman’s Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, 2, Pirogov St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tatiana P. Koretskaya
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.S.S.); (S.I.D.); (E.S.V.); (T.P.K.); (A.D.F.); (T.Y.G.); (P.S.P.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Anastasiya D. Fedorenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.S.S.); (S.I.D.); (E.S.V.); (T.P.K.); (A.D.F.); (T.Y.G.); (P.S.P.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Dmitriy A. Nasimov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Y. Guselnikova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.S.S.); (S.I.D.); (E.S.V.); (T.P.K.); (A.D.F.); (T.Y.G.); (P.S.P.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Pavel S. Popovetsky
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.S.S.); (S.I.D.); (E.S.V.); (T.P.K.); (A.D.F.); (T.Y.G.); (P.S.P.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Natalya B. Morozova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.S.S.); (S.I.D.); (E.S.V.); (T.P.K.); (A.D.F.); (T.Y.G.); (P.S.P.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Tamara V. Basova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (D.S.S.); (S.I.D.); (E.S.V.); (T.P.K.); (A.D.F.); (T.Y.G.); (P.S.P.); (N.B.M.)
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5
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Halford J, Chen CF. The Role of APTES as a Primer for Polystyrene Coated AA2024-T3. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 15:93. [PMID: 38258212 PMCID: PMC10820139 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) silane possesses one terminal amine group and three ethoxy groups extending from each silicon atom, acting as a crucial interface between organic and inorganic materials. In this study, after APTES was deposited on the aluminum alloy AA2024-T3 as a primer for an optional top coating with polystyrene (PS), its role with regard to stability as a protection layer and interaction with the topcoat were studied via combinatorial experimentation. The aluminum alloy samples primed with APTES under various durations of concentrated vapor deposition (20, 40, or 60 min) with an optional post heat treatment and/or PS topcoat were comparatively characterized via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface energy. The samples top-coated with PS on an APTES layer primed for 40 min with a post heat treatment revealed excellent performance regarding corrosion impedance. A primed APTES surface with higher surface energy accounted for this higher corrosion impedance. Based on the SEM images and the surface energy calculated from the measured contact angles on the APTES-primed surfaces, four mechanisms are suggested to explain that the good protection performance of the APTES/PS coating system can be attributed to the enhanced wettability of PS on the cured APTES primer with higher surface energy. The results also suggest that, in the early stages of exposure to the corrosion solution, a thinner APTES primer (deposited for 20 min) enhances protection against corrosion, which can be attributed to the hydrolytic stability and hydrolyzation/condensation of the soaked APTES and the dissolution of the naturally formed aluminum oxide pre-existing in the bare samples. An APTES primer subjected to additional heat treatment will increase the impedance of the coating system significantly. APTES, and silanes, in general, used as adherent agents or surface modifiers, have a wide range of potential applications in micro devices, as projected in the Discussion section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng-fu Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5905, USA;
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Toyoki K, Kitaguchi D, Shiratsuchi Y, Nakatani R. Influence of long- and short-range chemical order on spontaneous magnetization in single-crystalline Fe 0.6Al 0.4compound thin films. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 36:135805. [PMID: 38112082 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad16ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
We systematically investigate the long- and short-range chemical order, lattice volume, and spontaneous magnetization in single-crystalline Fe0.6Al0.4compound thin films. The vapor-quenching method based on a molecular beam epitaxy technique is utilized to fabricate the single-crystalline Fe0.6Al0.4compound with the differentB2 long-range order parameterS. Swas varied by the deposition temperatureTd,and it increases with increasingTd. The lattice volumeVdecreased with increasingTd, while the tetragonal distortion, ∼4%, due to epitaxial strain were observed. The changes inSandVwere accompanied with the change in the magnetic moment per Fe,μFe.μFeshowed the monotonic decrease as a function ofSwhereasμFemonotonically increases withV. With considering tetragonal distortion,μFe-Vrelationship has a good agreement with the previous reports. TheμFe-Srelationship showed the steep decrease ofμFearoundS∼ 0.6. In contrast toμFe-Vrelationship,μFe-Srelationship does not match only from ours to previous studies but also among other reports. It implies the statistical number of the nearest-neighbor Fe-Fe bonds, i.e.S, cannot be an enough explanatory parameter. To clarify the structural origin of change inμFe, the short-range order (SRO) parameter inferred from the analysis of superlattice diffractions were introduced. They showed the clear difference for the films with high and lowμFe. The results suggest that the transition from the long- to the SRO state plays the significant role onμFe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Toyoki
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Spintronics Research Network Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Daigo Kitaguchi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu Shiratsuchi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Spintronics Research Network Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nakatani
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Spintronics Research Network Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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Chon S, Nakayama R, Iwamoto S, Kobayashi S, Shimizu R, Hitosugi T. Orientation Control of a Two-Dimensional Conductive Metal-Organic Framework Thin Film by a Pyridine Vapor-Assisted Dry Process. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:56057-56063. [PMID: 38009945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are attractive materials with periodic pore structures constructed by coordinating metal ions and organic ligands. Recently, Cu3(HHTP)2 (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene), a two-dimensional conductive MOF, has attracted attention as a promising device material. Owing to the anisotropy of Cu3(HHTP)2 properties, oriented thin films of this MOF are desired for evaluating its physical properties and device integration. To date, wet processes have been used to fabricate Cu3(HHTP)2 films, whereas dry processes are essential for high-quality devices. However, oriented Cu3(HHTP)2 thin films have not yet been fabricated by using dry processes. In this study, we succeed in fabricating an orientation-controlled Cu3(HHTP)2 film on Al2O3 (001) by using a two-step dry process involving (1) the multilayer deposition of copper acetate and HHTP using a vapor deposition system and (2) pyridine vapor-assisted annealing. In-plane and out-of-plane X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the successful fabrication of the (001)-oriented Cu3(HHTP)2 films. The conductivity evaluated by four-probe measurements is 2.6 × 10-2 S cm-1, comparable to that of films fabricated by wet processes. This study provides a novel guideline for the orientation control of two-dimensional conductive MOF thin films via a dry process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoungmin Chon
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakayama
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shunta Iwamoto
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryota Shimizu
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taro Hitosugi
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Wang Y, Lv P, Pan J, Chen J, Liu X, Hu M, Wan L, Cao K, Liu B, Ku Z, Cheng YB, Lu J. Grain Boundary Elimination via Recrystallization-Assisted Vapor Deposition for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304625. [PMID: 37466632 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Vapor deposition is a promising technology for the mass production of perovskite solar cells. However, the efficiencies of solar cells and modules based on vapor-deposited perovskites are significantly lower than those fabricated using the solution method. Emerging evidence suggests that large defects are generated during vapor deposition owing to a specific top-down crystallization mechanism. Herein, a hybrid vapor deposition method combined with solvent-assisted recrystallization for fabricating high-quality large-area perovskite films with low defect densities is presented. It is demonstrated that an intermediate phase can be formed at the grain boundaries, which induces the secondary growth of small grains into large ones. Consequently, perovskite films with substantially reduced grain boundaries and defect densities are fabricated. Results of temperature-dependent charge-carrier dynamics show that the proposed method successfully suppresses all recombination reactions. Champion efficiencies of 21.9% for small-area (0.16 cm2 ) cells and 19.9% for large-area (10.0 cm2 ) solar modules under AM 1.5 G irradiation are achieved. Moreover, the modules exhibit high operational stability, i.e., they retain >92% of their initial efficiencies after 200 h of continuous operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junye Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Hu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-Nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Li Wan
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Kun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Baoshun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiliang Ku
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi-Bing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, 528216, China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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9
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Yu C, Gbadago DQ, Hyeong SK, Lee SK, Hwang S, Shin N. Optimized Substrate Orientations for Highly Uniform Metal Halide Perovskite Film Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:43822-43834. [PMID: 37672479 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Uniform optoelectronic quality of metal halide perovskite (MHP) films is critical for scalable production in large-area applications, such as photovoltaics and displays. While vapor-based MHP film deposition is advantageous for this purpose, achieving film uniformity can be challenging due to uneven temperature distribution and precursor concentration over the substrate. Here, we propose optimized substrate orientations for the vapor-based fabrication of homogeneous MAPbI3 thin films, involving a PbI2 primary layer deposition and subsequent conversion using vaporized methylammonium iodide (MAI). Leveraging computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, we confirm that vertical positioning during the PbI2 layer growth yields a uniform film with a narrow temperature distribution and minimal boundary layer thickness. However, during the subsequent conversion step, horizontal substrate positioning results in spatially more uniform MAPbI3 thickness and grain size compared to the vertical placement due to enhanced MAI intercalation. From this optimized substrate positioning, we observe substantial optical homogeneity across the substrate on a centimeter scale, along with uniform and enhanced optoelectronic device performance within photodetector arrays. Our results offer a potential path toward the scalable production of highly uniform perovskite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Yu
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Smart Digital Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dela Quarme Gbadago
- Program in Smart Digital Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ki Hyeong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Ki Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Hwang
- Program in Smart Digital Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Naechul Shin
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Smart Digital Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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10
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Ferron T, Fiori ME, Ediger MD, DeLongchamp DM, Sunday DF. Composition Dictates Molecular Orientation at the Heterointerfaces of Vapor-Deposited Glasses. JACS Au 2023; 3:1931-1938. [PMID: 37502150 PMCID: PMC10369407 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Physical vapor deposition (PVD) can prepare organic glasses with a preferred molecular orientation. The relationships between deposition conditions and orientation have been extensively investigated in the film bulk. The role of interfaces on the structure is less well understood and remains a key knowledge gap, as the interfacial region can govern glass stability and optoelectronic properties. Robust experimental characterization has remained elusive due to complexities in interrogating molecular organization in amorphous, organic materials. Polarized soft X-rays are sensitive to both the composition and the orientation of transition dipole moments in the film, making them uniquely suited to probe molecular orientation in amorphous soft matter. Here, we utilize polarized resonant soft X-ray reflectivity (P-RSoXR) to simultaneously depth profile the composition and molecular orientation of a bilayer prepared through the physical vapor deposition of 1,4-di-[4-(N,N-diphenyl)amino]styryl-benzene (DSA-Ph) on a film of aluminum-tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3). The bulk orientation of the DSA-Ph layer is controlled by varying deposition conditions. Utilizing P-RSoXR to depth profile the films enables determination of both the bulk orientation of DSA-Ph and the orientation near the Alq3 interface. At the Alq3 surface, DSA-Ph always lies with its long axis parallel to the interface, before transitioning into the bulk orientation. This is likely due to the lower mobility and higher glass transition of Alq3, as the first several monolayers of DSA-Ph deposited on Alq3 appear to behave as a blend. We further show how orientation at the interface correlates with the bulk behavior of a codeposited glass of similar blend composition, demonstrating a straightforward approach to predicting molecular orientation at heterointerfaces. This work provides key insights into how molecules orient during vapor deposition and offers methods to predict this property, a critical step toward controlling interfacial behavior in soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
J. Ferron
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Marie E. Fiori
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Dean M. DeLongchamp
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Daniel F. Sunday
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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11
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Wang G, Huang J, Zhang S, Meng J, Chen J, Shi Y, Jiang J, Li J, Cheng Y, Zeng L, Yin Z, Zhang X. Wafer-Scale Single Crystal Hexagonal Boron Nitride Layers Grown by Submicron-Spacing Vapor Deposition. Small 2023; 19:e2301086. [PMID: 36919923 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The direct growth of wafer-scale single crystal two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) layer with a controllable thickness is highly desirable for 2D-material-based device applications. Here, for the first time, a facile submicron-spacing vapor deposition (SSVD) method is reported to achieve 2-inch single crystal h-BN layers with controllable thickness from monolayer to tens of nanometers on the dielectric sapphire substrates using a boron film as the solid source. In the SSVD growth, the boron film is fully covered by the same-sized sapphire substrate with a submicron spacing, leading to an efficient vapor diffusion transport. The epitaxial h-BN layer exhibits extremely high crystalline quality, as demonstrated by both a sharp Raman E2g vibration mode (12 cm-1 ) and a narrow X-ray rocking curve (0.10°). Furthermore, a deep ultraviolet photodetector and a ZrS2 /h-BN heterostructure fabricated from the h-BN layer demonstrate its fascinating properties and potential applications. This facile method to synthesize wafer-scale single crystal h-BN layers with controllable thickness paves the way to future 2D semiconductor-based electronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaokai Wang
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Huang
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Meng
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Jingren Chen
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Shi
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Ji Jiang
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhen Li
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Libin Zeng
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Joint Lab of Digital Optical Chip, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
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12
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Zhang Q, Shao R, Chen J, Huang Z, Zang D. Controlled self-cleaning aluminum surfaces mediated by anodic aluminum oxide. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:694-700. [PMID: 37070747 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Special porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes are created on Al in a phosphonic acid electrolyte solution through one-step anodic oxidation and modified with polydimethysiloxane using a vapor deposition technique. In this context, the anodic oxidation time is tuned during its process. As such, the Al surface's wettability, and self-cleaning property are controlled by the tunable anodic oxidation time, for the anodic oxidation, time can regulate the structure of the AAO and the proportion of the air-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Dongmian Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
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13
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Abstract
Customized bone scaffolds with osteogenic activities are desired for the regenerative repair of large-scale or irregularly shaped bone defects. This study developed a facile method to create osteogenic surfaces on three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds through coating-induced mineralization. The coating was synthesized using chemical vapor deposition of a polyelectrolyte containing oppositely charged groups. The opposite charges on the 3D scaffold played a crucial role in promoting the formation of nanoapatites without agglomeration, resulting in the retention of micro- and nanoscale pore openings needed for preosteoblasts to proliferate, differentiate, and migrate. The nanoapatite scaffold exhibited significant enhancement in osteoinductivity with a 107% increase in alkaline phosphatase expression and a 163% increase in osteocalcin activity compared to the pristine scaffold. The nanoapatite scaffold provided cues for preosteoblasts to grow along aligned features and migrate collectively. The findings of this study demonstrate the synergistic effect of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and mineralized nanoapatites on promoting osteogenic activities on scaffold surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Mengfan Zhu
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74106, United States
| | - James Smay
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74106, United States
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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14
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Liu W, Luo S, Qi X, Guo G, Li J, Tang H, Li X, Huang X, Tang Z, Zhong J. Inversion Symmetry and Exotic Interlayer Exciton Behavior in Twisted Trilayer MoS 2 Produced by Vapor Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:4724-4732. [PMID: 36629832 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) that are stacked vertically with a certain twist angle provide new degrees of freedom for designing novel physical properties. Twist-related properties of homogeneous bilayer and heterogeneous bilayer 2DMs, such as excitons and phonons, have been described in many pioneering works. However, twist-related properties of homogeneous trilayer 2DMs have been rarely reported. In this work, trilayer MoS2 with the twisted angle of 12° by optimized vapor deposition rather than the conventional mechanical stacking method was successfully fabricated. The inversion symmetry of trilayer MoS2 is changed by twist. Phonons and excitons produced by twist have an enormous influence on the interlayer interaction of trilayer MoS2, making trilayer MoS2 appear to have exotic optical properties. Compared with monolayer MoS2, the phonon vibration and photoluminescence intensity of trilayer MoS2 with one-interlayer-twisted are significantly improved, and the second harmonic generation response in the non-twist region of trilayer MoS2 is ∼3 times that of monolayer MoS2. In addition, interlayer coupling, inversion symmetry, and exciton behavior of the twist region show regional differences. This work provides a new way for designing twist and exploring the influence of twist on the structures of 2DMs with few layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwei Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Qi
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Gencai Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhong
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan411105, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yuan Q, Lohmann KB, Oliver RDJ, Ramadan AJ, Yan S, Ball JM, Christoforo MG, Noel NK, Snaith HJ, Herz LM, Johnston MB. Thermally Stable Perovskite Solar Cells by All-Vacuum Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:772-781. [PMID: 36563084 PMCID: PMC9837819 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum deposition is a solvent-free method suitable for growing thin films of metal halide perovskite (MHP) semiconductors. However, most reports of high-efficiency solar cells based on such vacuum-deposited MHP films incorporate solution-processed hole transport layers (HTLs), thereby complicating prospects of industrial upscaling and potentially affecting the overall device stability. In this work, we investigate organometallic copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) as alternative, low-cost, and durable HTLs in all-vacuum-deposited solvent-free formamidinium-cesium lead triodide [CH(NH2)2]0.83Cs0.17PbI3 (FACsPbI3) perovskite solar cells. We elucidate that the CuPc HTL, when employed in an "inverted" p-i-n solar cell configuration, attains a solar-to-electrical power conversion efficiency of up to 13.9%. Importantly, unencapsulated devices as large as 1 cm2 exhibited excellent long-term stability, demonstrating no observable degradation in efficiency after more than 5000 h in storage and 3700 h under 85 °C thermal stressing in N2 atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimu Yuan
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Kilian B. Lohmann
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D. J. Oliver
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra J. Ramadan
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Siyu Yan
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Ball
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M. Greyson Christoforo
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Nakita K. Noel
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M. Herz
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Institute
for Advanced Study, Technical University
of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse
2a, GarchingD-85748, Germany
| | - Michael B. Johnston
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon
Laboratory, Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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16
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Zhan Z, Lin D, Cai J, Lu Y, Chen A, Zhang T, Chen K, Liu P, Wang X, Xie W. A Perovskite Photodetector Crossbar Array by Vapor Deposition for Dynamic Imaging. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2207106. [PMID: 36193774 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the development of perovskite photodetectors, integrating photodetectors into array image sensors is the next target to pursue. The major obstacle to integrating perovskite photodiodes for dynamic imaging is the optoelectrical crosstalk among the pixels. Herein, a perovskite photodiode-blocking diode (PIN-BD) crossbar array with pixel-wise rectifying property by the vapor deposition method is presented. The PIN-BD shows a large rectification ratio of 3.3 × 102 under illumination, suppressing electrical crosstalk to as small as 8.0% in the imaging array. The fast response time of 72.8 ns allows real-time image acquisition by over 25 frames per second. The imaging sensor exhibits excellent imaging capability with a large linear dynamic range of 112 dB with 4096 gray levels and weak light sensitivity under 1.2 lux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Zhan
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dongxu Lin
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Juntao Cai
- Guangzhou Research Institute of Optical, Mechanical and Electronical Technologies Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, P.R. China
| | - Yueheng Lu
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Aidi Chen
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Tiankai Zhang
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, 58183, Sweden
| | - Ke Chen
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Pengyi Liu
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Weiguang Xie
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
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17
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Yoon Y, Lee J, Lee S, Kim S, Choi HC. Ultrasmooth Organic Films Via Efficient Aggregation Suppression by a Low-Vacuum Physical Vapor Deposition. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7247. [PMID: 34885402 PMCID: PMC8658267 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Organic thin films with smooth surfaces are mandated for high-performance organic electronic devices. Abrupt nucleation and aggregation during film formation are two main factors that forbid smooth surfaces. Here, we report a simple fast cooling (FC) adapted physical vapor deposition (FCPVD) method to produce ultrasmooth organic thin films through effectively suppressing the aggregation of adsorbed molecules. We have found that thermal energy control is essential for the spread of molecules on a substrate by diffusion and it prohibits the unwanted nucleation of adsorbed molecules. FCPVD is employed for cooling the horizontal tube-type organic vapor deposition setup to effectively remove thermal energy applied to adsorbed molecules on a substrate. The organic thin films prepared using the FCPVD method have remarkably ultrasmooth surfaces with less than 0.4 nm root mean square (RMS) roughness on various substrates, even in a low vacuum, which is highly comparable to the ones prepared using conventional high-vacuum deposition methods. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the role of thermal energy employed to substrates during organic film growth using the PVD process and pave the way for cost-effective and high-performance organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hee Cheul Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (S.L.); (S.K.)
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18
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Chakrabarty K, Baker PA, Vijayan VM, Catledge SA. Bias-Enhanced Formation of Metastable and Multiphase Boron Nitride Coating in Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7167. [PMID: 34885322 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) is primarily a synthetically produced advanced ceramic material. It is isoelectronic to carbon and, like carbon, can exist as several polymorphic modifications. Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) of metastable wurtzite boron nitride is reported for the first time and found to be facilitated by the application of direct current (DC) bias to the substrate. The applied negative DC bias was found to yield a higher content of sp3 bonded BN in both cubic and metastable wurtzite structural forms. This is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nano-indentation measurements reveal an average coating hardness of 25 GPa with some measurements as high as 31 GPa, consistent with a substantial fraction of sp3 bonding mixed with the hexagonal sp2 bonded BN phase.
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19
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Zhan X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Chen C, Kong L, Jiang S, Xi S, Liao G, Liu X. Boosting the Performance of Self-Powered CsPbCl 3-Based UV Photodetectors by a Sequential Vapor-Deposition Strategy and Heterojunction Engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:45744-45757. [PMID: 34545739 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic CsPbCl3 perovskite in ultraviolet (UV) detection is drawing increasing interest owing to its UV-matchable optical band gap, ultrahigh UV stability, and superior inherent optoelectronic properties. Almost all of the reported CsPbCl3 photodetectors employ CsPbCl3 nano- or microstructures as sensitive components, while CsPbCl3 polycrystalline film-based self-powered photodetectors are rarely studied on account of the terrible precursor solubility. Herein, a novel sequential vapor-deposition technique is demonstrated to fabricate CsPbCl3 polycrystalline film for the first time. High-quality CsPbCl3 films with excellent optical, electronic, and morphological features are obtained. A self-powered photodetector based on the CsPbCl3 film is constructed without any charge transport layer, showing a high UV detection performance. A thin p-type PbS buffer layer is further introduced to passivate the surface defects of the CsPbCl3 layer and decrease the interfacial energy barrier by forming a type-II heterojunction, contributing to a faster hole extraction rate and a suppressed dark current level. The best-performing device achieves an ultrafast response time of 1.92 μs, an ultrahigh on/off ratio of 2.22 × 105, and a responsivity of 0.22 A/W upon 375 nm UV illumination at 0 V bias. This comprehensive performance is the best among all of the CsPbCl3 photodetectors reported to date. The as-prepared photodetectors also present an eminent UV irradiation and long-term durability in ambient air. Furthermore, a large-area and uniform 625-pixel UV image sensor is fabricated and attains a prominent imaging capability. Our work opens a new avenue for the scalable production of CsPbCl3-based optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lingxian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shulan Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuang Xi
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guanglan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
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She Y, Wu Z, You S, Du Q, Chu X, Niu L, Ding C, Zhang K, Zhang L, Huang S. Multiple-Dimensionally Controllable Nucleation Sites of Two-Dimensional WS 2/Bi 2Se 3 Heterojunctions Based on Vapor Growth. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:15518-15524. [PMID: 33769777 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) heterojunctions have attracted great attention due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Until now, precisely controlling the nucleation density and stacking area of 2D heterojunctions has been of critical importance but still a huge challenge. It hampers the progress of controlled growth of 2D heterojunctions for optoelectronic devices because the potential relation between numerous growth parameters and nucleation density is always poorly understood. Herein, by cooperatively controlling three parameters (substrate temperature, gas flow rate, and precursor concentration) in modified vapor deposition growth, the nucleation density and stacking area of WS2/Bi2Se3 vertical heterojunctions were successfully modulated. High-quality WS2/Bi2Se3 vertical heterojunctions with various stacking areas were effectively grown from single and multiple nucleation sites. Moreover, the potential nucleation mechanism and efficient charge transfer of WS2/Bi2Se3 vertical heterojunctions were systematically studied by utilizing the density functional theory and photoluminescence spectra. This modified vapor deposition strategy and the proposed mechanism are helpful in controlling the nucleation density and stacking area of other heterojunctions, which plays a key role in the preparation of electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong She
- School of Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance Scientific Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance Scientific Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Shengdong You
- School of Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance Scientific Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Quan Du
- School of Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance Scientific Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Xiaohong Chu
- School of Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance Scientific Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Lijuan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Changchun Ding
- School of Science, Key Laboratory of High Performance Scientific Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Kenan Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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21
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Lee CY, Hu SM, Xiao JQ, Chang YM, Kusanagi T, Wu TY, Chiu YR, Yang YC, Huang CW, Chen HY. Vapor Sublimation and Deposition to Fabricate a Porous Methyl Propiolate-Functionalized Poly- p-xylylene Material for Copper-Free Click Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:786. [PMID: 33806497 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional porous materials are mostly synthesized in solution-based methods involving solvents and initiators, and the functionalization of these porous materials usually requires additional and complex steps. In the current study, a methyl propiolate-functionalized porous poly-p-xylylene material was fabricated based on a unique vapor sublimation and deposition process. The process used a water solution and ice as the template with a customizable shape and dimensions, and the conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization of poly-p-xylylene on such an ice template formed a three-dimensional, porous poly-p-xylylene material with interconnected porous structures. More importantly, the functionality of methyl propiolate was well preserved by using methyl propiolate-substituted [2,2]-paracyclophane during the vapor deposition polymerization process and was installed in one step on the final porous poly-p-xylylene products. This functionality exhibited an intact structure and reactivity during the proposed vapor sublimation and deposition process and was proven to have no decomposition or side products after further characterization and conjugation experiments. The electron-withdrawing methyl propiolate group readily provided efficient alkynes as click azide-terminated molecules under copper-free and mild conditions at room temperature and in environmentally friendly solvents, such as water. The resulting methyl propiolate-functionalized porous poly-p-xylylene exhibited interface properties with clickable specific covalent attachment toward azide-terminated target molecules, which are widely available for drugs and biomolecules. The fabricated functional porous materials represent an advanced material featuring porous structures, a straightforward synthetic approach, and precise and controlled interface click chemistry, rendering long-term stability and efficacy to conjugate target functionalities that are expected to attract a variety of new applications.
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Abstract
Molecular layer deposition (MLD) is an attractive, vapor-phase deposition method for applications requiring ultrathin organic materials, such as photolithography, lithium batteries, and microelectronics. By using sequential self-limiting surface reactions, MLD offers excellent control over thickness and conformality, but there are also challenges such as a limited range of possible film compositions and long deposition times. In this study, we introduce a modified technique, termed ionic liquid assisted MLD (IL-MLD), that can overcome these barriers. By performing the surface reactions inside of an ultrathin layer of a compatible ionic liquid (IL), solvent effects are replicated inside a vacuum system, broadening the possible reactions to a much wider suite of chemistries. Using this strategy, the MLD of polyetherketoneketone, an industrially and research-relevant, high-performance thermoplastic, is reported. With this proof-of-concept, we demonstrate that IL-MLD can enable the synthesis of polymers via solvent- or catalyst-mediated reactions and establish an approach that may allow solution chemistries to be accessed in other vapor deposition techniques as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Stacey F Bent
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Abid, Sehrawat P, Julien CM, Islam SS. Interface Kinetics Assisted Barrier Removal in Large Area 2D-WS 2 Growth to Facilitate Mass Scale Device Production. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:220. [PMID: 33467037 PMCID: PMC7829995 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growth of monolayer WS2 of domain size beyond few microns is a challenge even today; and it is still restricted to traditional exfoliation techniques, with no control over the dimension. Here, we present the synthesis of mono- to few layer WS2 film of centimeter2 size on graphene-oxide (GO) coated Si/SiO2 substrate using the chemical vapor deposition CVD technique. Although the individual size of WS2 crystallites is found smaller, the joining of grain boundaries due to sp 2-bonded carbon nanostructures (~3-6 nm) in GO to reduced graphene-oxide (RGO) transformed film, facilitates the expansion of domain size in continuous fashion resulting in full coverage of the substrate. Another factor, equally important for expanding the domain boundary, is surface roughness of RGO film. This is confirmed by conducting WS2 growth on Si wafer marked with few scratches on polished surface. Interestingly, WS2 growth was observed in and around the rough surface irrespective of whether polished or unpolished. More the roughness is, better the yield in crystalline WS2 flakes. Raman mapping ascertains the uniform mono-to-few layer growth over the entire substrate, and it is reaffirmed by photoluminescence, AFM and HRTEM. This study may open up a new approach for growth of large area WS2 film for device application. We have also demonstrated the potential of the developed film for photodetector application, where the cycling response of the detector is highly repetitive with negligible drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India; (A.); (P.S.)
| | - Poonam Sehrawat
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India; (A.); (P.S.)
| | - Christian M. Julien
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmologie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7590, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Saikh S. Islam
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India; (A.); (P.S.)
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Liu X, Yu Y, Yuan F, Zhao C, Dong H, Jiao B, Wu Z. Vacuum Dual-Source Thermal-Deposited Lead-Free Cs 3Cu 2I 5 Films with High Photoluminescence Quantum Yield for Deep-Blue Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:52967-52975. [PMID: 33175517 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deep-blue emitters are greatly desirable for preparing white light-emitting diodes and enhancing the color gamut of full-color display. The deep-blue lead halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) exhibit far inferior performance compared to green and red counterparts and suffer from lead toxicity, hampering their applications. Nontoxic, stable, and wide band gap zero-dimensional (0D) Cs3Cu2I5 with relatively high exciton binding energy has great potential as deep-blue emitters. However, the development of PeLEDs remains a huge challenge due to the difficulties in preparing a high-quality Cs3Cu2I5 film and device design, arising from an inherent wide band gap together with deep ionization potential. Here, a continuous and pin-hole-free Cs3Cu2I5 thin film with deep-blue emission centered at 440 nm was prepared by the dual-source thermal evaporation approach, and a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 58% was achieved, corresponding to significant enhancement of 61% compared with that of the Cs3Cu2I5 thin film synthesized by solution processes. Furthermore, saturated deep-blue PeLEDs at the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates (0.15, 0.08) were obtained by employing an electron-transfer layer composed of a 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexa-azatriphenylene hexacarboni-trile (HAT-CN) and N,N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB) organic heterojunction to realize the effective hole blocking, rendering an external quantum efficiency of approximately 0.1%. These results will be extensively beneficial to wide band gap material and device preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chenjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hua Dong
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shaanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shaanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shaanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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25
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Morrison SM, Hazen RM. An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part II: Interstellar and solar nebula primary condensation mineralogy (>4.565 Ga). Am Mineral 2020; 105:1508-1535. [PMID: 33958805 PMCID: PMC8098038 DOI: 10.2138/am-2020-7447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary system of mineralogy relies on varied physical and chemical attributes, including trace elements, isotopes, solid and fluid inclusions, and other information-rich characteristics, to understand processes of mineral formation and to place natural condensed phases in the deep-time context of planetary evolution. Part I of this system reviewed the earliest refractory phases that condense at T > 1000 K within the turbulent expanding and cooling atmospheres of highly evolved stars. Part II considers the subsequent formation of primary crystalline and amorphous phases by condensation in three distinct mineral-forming environments, each of which increased mineralogical diversity and distribution prior to the accretion of planetesimals >4.5 billion years ago. INTERSTELLAR MOLECULAR SOLIDS (1)Varied crystalline and amorphous molecular solids containing primarily H, C, O, and N are observed to condense in cold, dense molecular clouds in the interstellar medium (10 < T < 20 K; P < 10-13 atm). With the possible exception of some nanoscale organic condensates preserved in carbonaceous meteorites, the existence of these phases is documented primarily by telescopic observations of absorption and emission spectra of interstellar molecules in radio, microwave, or infrared wavelengths. NEBULAR AND CIRCUMSTELLAR ICE (2)Evidence from infrared observations and laboratory experiments suggest that cubic H2O ("cubic ice") condenses as thin crystalline mantles on oxide and silicate dust grains in cool, distant nebular and circumstellar regions where T ~100 K. PRIMARY CONDENSED PHASES OF THE INNER SOLAR NEBULA (3)The earliest phase of nebular mineralogy saw the formation of primary refractory minerals that solidified through high-temperature condensation (1100 < T < 1800 K; 10-6 < P < 10-2 atm) in the solar nebula more than 4.565 billion years ago. These earliest mineral phases originating in our solar system formed prior to the accretion of planetesimals and are preserved in calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions, ultra-refractory inclusions, and amoeboid olivine aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunna M. Morrison
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, U. S. A
| | - Robert M. Hazen
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, U. S. A
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Liu H, Wang X, Wu J, Chen Y, Wan J, Wen R, Yang J, Liu Y, Song Z, Xie L. Vapor Deposition of Magnetic Van der Waals NiI 2 Crystals. ACS Nano 2020; 14:10544-10551. [PMID: 32806048 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of van der Waals magnetic materials has attracted great attention in materials science and spintronics. The preparation of ultrathin magnetic layers down to atomic thickness is challenging and is mostly by mechanical exfoliation. Here, we report vapor deposition of magnetic van der Waals NiI2 crystals. Two-dimensional (2D) NiI2 flakes are grown on SiO2/Si substrates with a thickness of 5-40 nm and on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) down to monolayer thickness. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy reveals robust magnetic phase transitions in the as-grown 2D NiI2 crystals down to trilayer. Electrical measurements show a semiconducting transport behavior with a high on/off ratio of 106 for the NiI2 flakes. Lastly, density functional theory calculation shows an intralayer ferromagnetic and interlayer antiferromagnetic ordering in 2D NiI2. This work provides a feasible approach to epitaxy 2D magnetic transition metal halides and also offers atomically thin materials for spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Juanxia Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuansha Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liming Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Chakrabarty K, Chen WC, Baker PA, Vijayan VM, Chen CC, Catledge SA. Superhard Boron-Rich Boron Carbide with Controlled Degree of Crystallinity. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13163622. [PMID: 32824358 PMCID: PMC7475823 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Superhard boron-rich boron carbide coatings were deposited on silicon substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) under controlled conditions, which led to either a disordered or crystalline structure, as measured by X-ray diffraction. The control of either disordered or crystalline structures was achieved solely by the choice of the sample being placed either directly on top of the sample holder or within an inset of the sample holder, respectively. The carbon content in the B-C bonded disordered and crystalline coatings was 6.1 at.% and 4.5 at.%, respectively, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystalline coating provided a good match with a B50C2-type structure in which two carbon atoms replaced boron in the α-tetragonal B52 structure, or in which the carbon atoms occupied different interstitial sites. Density functional theory predictions were used to evaluate the dynamical stability of the potential B50C2 structural forms and were consistent with the measurements. The measured nanoindentation hardness of the coatings was as high as 64 GPa, well above the 40 GPa threshold for superhardness.
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28
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Abstract
Minerals preserve records of the physical, chemical, and biological histories of their origins and subsequent alteration, and thus provide a vivid narrative of the evolution of Earth and other worlds through billions of years of cosmic history. Mineral properties, including trace and minor elements, ratios of isotopes, solid and fluid inclusions, external morphologies, and other idiosyncratic attributes, represent information that points to specific modes of formation and subsequent environmental histories-information essential to understanding the co-evolving geosphere and biosphere. This perspective suggests an opportunity to amplify the existing system of mineral classification, by which minerals are defined solely on idealized end-member chemical compositions and crystal structures. Here we present the first in a series of contributions to explore a complementary evolutionary system of mineralogy-a classification scheme that links mineral species to their paragenetic modes. The earliest stage of mineral evolution commenced with the appearance of the first crystals in the universe at >13 Ga and continues today in the expanding, cooling atmospheres of countless evolved stars, which host the high-temperature (T > 1000 K), low-pressure (P < 10-2 atm) condensation of refractory minerals and amorphous phases. Most stardust is thought to originate in three distinct processes in carbon- and/or oxygen-rich mineral-forming stars: (1) condensation in the cooling, expanding atmospheres of asymptotic giant branch stars; (2) during the catastrophic explosions of supernovae, most commonly core collapse (Type II) supernovae; and (3) classical novae explosions, the consequence of runaway fusion reactions at the surface of a binary white dwarf star. Each stellar environment imparts distinctive isotopic and trace element signatures to the micro- and nanoscale stardust grains that are recovered from meteorites and micrometeorites collected on Earth's surface, by atmospheric sampling, and from asteroids and comets. Although our understanding of the diverse mineral-forming environments of stars is as yet incomplete, we present a preliminary catalog of 41 distinct natural kinds of stellar minerals, representing 22 official International Mineralogical Association (IMA) mineral species, as well as 2 as yet unapproved crystalline phases and 3 kinds of non-crystalline condensed phases not codified by the IMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Hazen
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, U.S.A
| | - Shaunna M. Morrison
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, U.S.A
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29
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Arash A, Tawfik SA, Spencer MJS, Kumar Jain S, Arash S, Mazumder A, Mayes E, Rahman F, Singh M, Bansal V, Sriram S, Walia S, Bhaskaran M, Balendhran S. Electrically Activated UV-A Filters Based on Electrochromic MoO 3-x. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:16997-17003. [PMID: 32203662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromism-based optical filters is a niche field of research, due to there being only a handful of electrochromic materials. Typically, electrochromic transition metal oxides such as MoO3 and WO3 are utilized in applications such as smart windows and electrochromic devices (ECD). Herein, we report MoO3-x-based electrically activated ultraviolet (UV) filters. The MoO3-x grown on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate is mechanically assembled onto an electrically activated proton exchange membrane. Reversible H+ injection/extraction in MoO3-x is employed to switch the optical transmittance, enabling an electrically activated optical filter. The devices exhibit broadband transmission modulation (325-800 nm), with a peak of ∼60% in the UV-A range (350-392 nm). Comparable switching times of 8 s and a coloration efficiency of up to 116 cm2 C-1 are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Arash
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | | | | | - Shubhendra Kumar Jain
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Saba Arash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States of America
| | - Aishani Mazumder
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Edwin Mayes
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, School of Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Fahmida Rahman
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Sir Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory (NBRL), School of Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Vipul Bansal
- Sir Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory (NBRL), School of Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Sharath Sriram
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Sumeet Walia
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Madhu Bhaskaran
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Sivacarendran Balendhran
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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30
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Abstract
At the biointerface where materials and microorganisms meet, the organic and synthetic worlds merge into a new science that directs the design and safe use of synthetic materials for biological applications. Vapor deposition techniques provide an effective way to control the material properties of these biointerfaces with molecular-level precision that is important for biomaterials to interface with bacteria. In recent years, biointerface research that focuses on bacteria-surface interactions has been primarily driven by the goals of killing bacteria (antimicrobial) and fouling prevention (antifouling). Nevertheless, vapor deposition techniques have the potential to create biointerfaces with features that can manipulate and dictate the behavior of bacteria rather than killing or deterring them. In this review, we focus on recent advances in antimicrobial and antifouling biointerfaces produced through vapor deposition and provide an outlook on opportunities to capitalize on the features of these techniques to find unexplored connections between surface features and microbial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor B. Donadt
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rong Yang
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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31
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Hoerantner MT, Wassweiler EL, Zhang H, Panda A, Nasilowski M, Osherov A, Swartwout R, Driscoll AE, Moody NS, Bawendi MG, Jensen KF, Bulović V. High-Speed Vapor Transport Deposition of Perovskite Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:32928-32936. [PMID: 31416312 PMCID: PMC6748557 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research of hybrid metal-halide perovskite materials for use as photoactive materials has resulted in an unmatched increase in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) over the last couple of years. Now that lab-fabricated perovskite devices rival the efficiency of silicon PVs, the next challenge of scalable mass manufacturing of large perovskite PV panels remains to be solved. For that purpose, it is still unclear which manufacturing method will provide the lowest processing cost and highest quality solar cells. Vapor deposition has been proven to work well for perovskites as a controllable and repeatable thin-film deposition technique but with processing speeds currently too slow to adequately lower the production costs. Addressing this challenge, in the present work, we demonstrate a high-speed vapor transport processing technique in a custom-built reactor that produces high-quality perovskite films with unprecedented deposition speed exceeding 1 nm/s, over 10× faster than previous vapor deposition demonstrations. We show that the semiconducting perovskite films produced with this method have excellent crystallinity and optoelectronic properties with 10 ns charge carrier lifetime, enabling us to fabricate the first photovoltaic devices made by perovskite vapor transport deposition. Our experiments are guided by computational fluid dynamics simulations that also predict that this technique could lead to deposition rates on the order of micrometers per second. This, in turn, could enable cost-effective scalable manufacturing of the perovskite-based solar technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian T. Hoerantner
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ella L. Wassweiler
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Haomiao Zhang
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anurag Panda
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michel Nasilowski
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anna Osherov
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard Swartwout
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Aidan E. Driscoll
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicole S. Moody
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moungi G. Bawendi
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Department of Chemical
Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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32
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Lee D, Hwang B, Lee JS. Impact of Grain Sizes on Programmable Memory Characteristics in Two-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Memory. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:20225-20231. [PMID: 31117475 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have been used in resistive switching memory applications because of current-voltage hysteresis that originated from ion migration in the perovskite film. As the density of the memory devices continues to increase, the size of the devices approaches that of the individual grains of the polycrystalline films. Thus, the effects of the grain boundary and the grain size will become important to investigate the influence on the switching behaviors. Here, we report the effects of grain sizes on the resistive switching property of (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4 (BA2PbBr4) films. The BA2PbBr4 films were formed by using sequential vapor deposition. First, a lead bromide (PbBr2) film was deposited by thermal evaporation, and then the film was exposed to organic vapor to form BA2PbBr4 films. The grain sizes were controlled by changing the transformation temperatures ( TT = 100, 150, and 200 °C). When the TT values were 100, 150, and 200 °C, the grain sizes of BA2PbBr4 were ∼180 nm, ∼1, and ∼30 μm, respectively. In the memory device based on BA2PbBr4, the off current decreased from ∼10-4 to ∼10-8 A as the grain size increased from ∼180 nm to ∼30 μm. This method to synthesize BA2PbBr4 films provides a simple way to control the grain sizes, and understanding of the effects of grain sizes on memory characteristics will provide an insight to improve the reliability of the OIHP-based memory as the electronic devices are scaled down to the sizes of grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Bohee Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Jang-Sik Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 , Korea
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33
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Guan ZY, Wu CY, Chen TY, Huang ST, Chiang YC, Chen HY. Clickable and Photo-Erasable Surface Functionalities by Using Vapor-Deposited Polymer Coatings. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1753-1761. [PMID: 33405551 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A prospective design for interface properties is enabled to perform precise functionalization, erasure capability for existing properties, reactivation of surface functionality to a second divergent property. A vapor-deposited, 2-nitro-5-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)methylbenzyl carbamate-functionalized poly-para-xylylene coating is synthesized in this study to realize such tasks by offering the accessibility of the azide/alkyne click reaction, an integrated photochemical decomposition/cleavage moiety, and the reactivation sites of amines behind the cleavage that allow the installation of a second surface function. With the benefits from the mild processing conditions used for the coatings and the rapid response of the photochemical reaction, the creation of sophisticated interface properties and localized chemical compositions was elegantly demonstrated with a hybrid functionality including a confined hydrophlic/hydrophobic wetting property and/or a cell adherent/repellent platform on such a coating surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting-Yo Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tung Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Chiang
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
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34
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Zhang L, Yuan F, Dong H, Jiao B, Zhang W, Hou X, Wang S, Gong Q, Wu Z. One-Step Co-Evaporation of All-Inorganic Perovskite Thin Films with Room-Temperature Ultralow Amplified Spontaneous Emission Threshold and Air Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:40661-40671. [PMID: 30394084 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15962/suppl_file/am8b15962_si_001.pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite has been successfully applied in the optoelectronic field due to its remarkable optical gain properties. Unfortunately, conventional solution-processed CsPbX3 films suffer unavoidable pinhole defects and poor surface morphology, severely limiting their performance on amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and lasing applications. Herein, a dual-source thermal evaporation approach is explored to achieve a uniform and high-coverage CsPbX3 polycrystalline thin film. It was found that one-step co-evaporated CsPbBr3 (OC-CsPbBr3) thin films without post-annealing exhibit an ultralow ASE threshold of ∼3.3 μJ/cm2 and a gain coefficient above 300 cm-1. The coexistence of cubic and orthorhombic phases in these materials naturally form an energy cascade for the exciton transfer process, which enables rapid accumulation of excitons. Stable ASE intensity without degradation for at least 7 h is also realized from OC-CsPbBr3 thin films under continuous excitation, which is superior to that in the solution-processed CsPbBr3 thin films. Notably, a Fabry-Pérot cavity laser based on the OC-CsPbBr3 thin film is first achieved, featuring an ultralow lasing threshold (1.7 μJ/cm2) and directional output (a beam divergence of ∼3.8°). This work highlights the noteworthy optical properties of OC-CsPbBr3 thin films, leading to potential available applications in integrated optoelectronic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Hua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering , Xi'an University of Post & Telecommunication , Xi'an 710121 , China
| | - Xun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
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35
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Zhang L, Yuan F, Dong H, Jiao B, Zhang W, Hou X, Wang S, Gong Q, Wu Z. One-Step Co-Evaporation of All-Inorganic Perovskite Thin Films with Room-Temperature Ultralow Amplified Spontaneous Emission Threshold and Air Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:40661-40671. [PMID: 30394084 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite has been successfully applied in the optoelectronic field due to its remarkable optical gain properties. Unfortunately, conventional solution-processed CsPbX3 films suffer unavoidable pinhole defects and poor surface morphology, severely limiting their performance on amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and lasing applications. Herein, a dual-source thermal evaporation approach is explored to achieve a uniform and high-coverage CsPbX3 polycrystalline thin film. It was found that one-step co-evaporated CsPbBr3 (OC-CsPbBr3) thin films without post-annealing exhibit an ultralow ASE threshold of ∼3.3 μJ/cm2 and a gain coefficient above 300 cm-1. The coexistence of cubic and orthorhombic phases in these materials naturally form an energy cascade for the exciton transfer process, which enables rapid accumulation of excitons. Stable ASE intensity without degradation for at least 7 h is also realized from OC-CsPbBr3 thin films under continuous excitation, which is superior to that in the solution-processed CsPbBr3 thin films. Notably, a Fabry-Pérot cavity laser based on the OC-CsPbBr3 thin film is first achieved, featuring an ultralow lasing threshold (1.7 μJ/cm2) and directional output (a beam divergence of ∼3.8°). This work highlights the noteworthy optical properties of OC-CsPbBr3 thin films, leading to potential available applications in integrated optoelectronic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Hua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering , Xi'an University of Post & Telecommunication , Xi'an 710121 , China
| | - Xun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
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36
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Lee T, Sanzogni A, Zhangzhou N, Burn PL, Mark AE. Morphology of a Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cell with Low Donor Concentration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:32413-32419. [PMID: 30152227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atomistic nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been used to model the morphology of small-molecule bulk heterojunction films formed by vapor deposition as used in organic photovoltaics. Films comprising C60 and 1, 5, 10, and 50 wt % of 1,1-bis[4-bis(4-methylphenyl)aminophenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) were compared to films of neat C60. The simulations suggest that if holes can hop between donor molecules separated by as little as 1.2-1.5 nm, then a TAPC concentration of 5 wt % is sufficient to form a percolating donor network and facilitate charge extraction. The results provide an explanation for why low donor content organic photovoltaics can still have high efficiencies. In addition, the roughness, porosity, and crystallinity of the films were found to decrease with increasing TAPC content.
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37
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Lee T, Caron B, Stroet M, Huang DM, Burn PL, Mark AE. The Molecular Origin of Anisotropic Emission in an Organic Light-Emitting Diode. Nano Lett 2017; 17:6464-6468. [PMID: 28891653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atomistic nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been used to model the induction of molecular orientation anisotropy within the emission layer of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) formed by vapor deposition. Two emitter species were compared: racemic fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) (Ir(ppy)3) and trans-bis(2-phenylpyridine)(acetylacetonate)iridium(III) (Ir(ppy)2(acac)). The simulations show that the molecular symmetry axes of both emitters preferentially align perpendicular to the surface during deposition. The molecular arrangement formed on deposition combined with consideration of the transition dipole moments provides insight into experimental reports that Ir(ppy)3 shows isotropic emission, while Ir(ppy)2(acac) displays improved efficiency due to an apparent preferential alignment of the transition dipole vectors parallel to the substrate. The simulations indicate that this difference is not due to differences in the extent of emitter alignment, but rather differences in the direction of the transition dipoles within the two complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David M Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide 5005, Australia
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38
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Xu T, Waehler T, Vecchietti J, Bonivardi A, Bauer T, Schwegler J, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P, Libuda J. Gluing Ionic Liquids to Oxide Surfaces: Chemical Anchoring of Functionalized Ionic Liquids by Vapor Deposition onto Cobalt(II) Oxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9072-9076. [PMID: 28600894 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (IL) hold a great potential as novel electrolytes for applications in electronic materials and energy technology. The functionality of ILs in these applications relies on their interface to semiconducting nanomaterials. Therefore, methods to control the chemistry and structure of this interface are the key to assemble new IL-based electronic and electrochemical materials. Here, we present a new method to prepare a chemically well-defined interface between an oxide and an IL film. An imidazolium-based IL, which is carrying an ester group, is deposited onto cobalt oxide surface by evaporation. The IL binds covalently to the surface by thermally activated cleavage of the ester group and formation of a bridging carboxylate. The anchoring reaction shows high structure sensitivity, which implies that the IL film can be adhered selectively to specific oxide surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Waehler
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Vecchietti
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) UNL-CONICET, Güemes 3450, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Adrian Bonivardi
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) UNL-CONICET, Güemes 3450, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Tanja Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwegler
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter S Schulz
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joerg Libuda
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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39
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Chen HY. Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:1366-1374. [PMID: 28900592 PMCID: PMC5530612 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vapor-deposition processes and the resulting thin polymer films provide consistent coatings that decouple the underlying substrate surface properties and can be applied for surface modification regardless of the substrate material and geometry. Here, various ways to structure these vapor-deposited polymer thin films are described. Well-established and available photolithography and soft lithography techniques are widely performed for the creation of surface patterns and microstructures on coated substrates. However, because of the requirements for applying a photomask or an elastomeric stamp, these techniques are mostly limited to flat substrates. Attempts are also conducted to produce patterned structures on non-flat surfaces with various maskless methods such as light-directed patterning and direct-writing approaches. The limitations for patterning on non-flat surfaces are resolution and cost. With the requirement of chemical control and/or precise accessibility to the linkage with functional molecules, chemically and topographically defined interfaces have recently attracted considerable attention. The multifunctional, gradient, and/or synergistic activities of using such interfaces are also discussed. Finally, an emerging discovery of selective deposition of polymer coatings and the bottom-up patterning approach by using the selective deposition technology is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yeh Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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40
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Jiang L, Tang Z, Clinton RM, Breedveld V, Hess DW. Two-Step Process To Create "Roll-Off" Superamphiphobic Paper Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:9195-9203. [PMID: 28225585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of cellulose-based paper, which displays roll-off properties for water and oils (surface tension ≥23.8 mN·m-1) and good repellency toward n-heptane (20.1 mN·m-1), is reported. Droplets of water, diiodomethane, motor oil, hexadecane, and decane all "bead up", i.e., exhibit high contact angles, and roll off the treated surface under the influence of gravity. Unlike widely used approaches that rely on the deposition of nanoparticles or electrospun nanofibers to create superamphiphobic surfaces, our method generates a hierarchical structure as an inherent property of the substrate and displays good adhesion between the film and substrate. The two-step combination of plasma etching and vapor deposition used in this study enables fine-tuning of the nanoscale roughness and thereby facilitates enhanced fundamental understanding of the effect of micro- and nanoscale roughness on the paper wetting properties. The surfaces maintain their "roll-off" properties after dynamic impact tests, demonstrating their mechanical robustness. Furthermore, the superamphiphobic paper has high gas permeability due to pore-volume enhancement by plasma etching but maintains the mechanical flexibility and strength of untreated paper, despite the presence of nanostructures. The unique combination of the chemical and physical properties of the resulting superamphiphobic paper is of practical interest for a range of applications such as breathable and disposable medical apparel, antifouling biomedical devices, antifingerprint paper, liquid packaging, microfluidic devices, and medical testing strips through a simple surface etching plus coating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , 500 10th Street Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Zhenguan Tang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , 500 10th Street Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Rahmat M Clinton
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Victor Breedveld
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dennis W Hess
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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41
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Moni P, Al-Obeidi A, Gleason KK. Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:723-735. [PMID: 28487816 PMCID: PMC5389201 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vapor phase syntheses, including parylene chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and initiated CVD, enable the deposition of conformal polymer thin films to benefit a diverse array of applications. This short review for nanotechnologists, including those new to vapor deposition methods, covers the basic theory in designing a conformal polymer film vapor deposition, sample preparation and imaging techniques to assess film conformality, and several applications that have benefited from vapor deposited, conformal polymer thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Moni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Obeidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karen K Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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42
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Xue M, Li F, Chen D, Yang Z, Wang X, Ji J. High-Oriented Polypyrrole Nanotubes for Next-Generation Gas Sensor. Adv Mater 2016; 28:8265-8270. [PMID: 27387035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly oriented PPy nanotubes are grown by in situ vapor phase polymerization within a nanoscale template under low temperature. As-fabricated PPy nanotubes are used for gas sensing, where an ultralow detection limit (0.05 ppb) and very fast response are achieved. Such an in situ mass-productive method for synthesizing highly oriented conducting polymers may pave a new step toward next-generation gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianqi Xue
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Fengwang Li
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhanhai Yang
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junhui Ji
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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43
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Chiang YH, Cheng HM, Li MH, Guo TF, Chen P. Low-Pressure Vapor-Assisted Solution Process for Thiocyanate-Based Pseudohalide Perovskite Solar Cells. ChemSusChem 2016; 9:2620-2627. [PMID: 27530767 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we fabricated thiocyanate-based perovskite solar cells with low-pressure vapor-assisted solution process (LP-VASP) method. Photovoltaic performances are evaluated with detailed materials characterizations. Scanning electron microscopy images show that SCN-based perovskite films fabricated using LP-VASP have long-range uniform morphology and large grain sizes up to 1 μm. The XRD and Raman spectra were employed to observe the characteristic peaks for both SCN-based and pure CH3 NH3 PbI3 perovskite. We observed that the Pb(SCN)2 film transformed to PbI2 before the formation of perovskite film. X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS) show that only a small amount of S remained in the film. Using LP-VASP method, we fabricated SCN-based perovskite solar cells and achieved a power conversion efficiency of 12.72 %. It is worth noting that the price of Pb(SCN)2 is only 4 % of PbI2 . These results demonstrate that pseudo-halide perovskites are promising materials for fabricating low-cost perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Min Cheng
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Li
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Fang Guo
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy (RCETS), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Advanced Optoelectronics Technology Center (AOCT), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy (RCETS), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Advanced Optoelectronics Technology Center (AOCT), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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44
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Lim K, Abdul Hamid MA, Shamsudin R, Al-Hardan NH, Mansor I, Chiu W. Temperature-Driven Structural and Morphological Evolution of Zinc Oxide Nano-Coalesced Microstructures and Its Defect-Related Photoluminescence Properties. Materials (Basel) 2016; 9:E300. [PMID: 28773425 DOI: 10.3390/ma9040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we address the synthesis of nano-coalesced microstructured zinc oxide thin films via a simple thermal evaporation process. The role of synthesis temperature on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the prepared zinc oxide samples was deeply investigated. The obtained photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy outcomes will be used to discuss the surface structure defects of the prepared samples. The results indicated that the prepared samples are polycrystalline in nature, and the sample prepared at 700 °C revealed a tremendously c-axis oriented zinc oxide. The temperature-driven morphological evolution of the zinc oxide nano-coalesced microstructures was perceived, resulting in transformation of quasi-mountain chain-like to pyramidal textured zinc oxide with increasing the synthesis temperature. The results also impart that the sample prepared at 500 °C shows a higher percentage of the zinc interstitial and oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, the intensity of the photoluminescence emission in the ultraviolet region was enhanced as the heating temperature increased from 500 °C to 700 °C. Lastly, the growth mechanism of the zinc oxide nano-coalesced microstructures is discussed according to the reaction conditions.
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45
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Snyder KL, Holmes HR, McCarthy C, Rajachar RM. Bioactive vapor deposited calcium-phosphate silica sol-gel particles for directing osteoblast behavior. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2135-48. [PMID: 27087349 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Silica-based materials are being developed and used for a variety of applications in orthopedic tissue engineering. In this work, we characterize the ability of a novel silica sol vapor deposition system to quickly modify biomaterial substrates and modulate surface hydrophobicity, surface topography, and composition. We were able to show that surface hydrophobicity, surface roughness, and composition could be rapidly modified. The compositional modification was directed towards generating apatitic-like surface mineral compositions (Ca/P ratios ∼1.30). Modified substrates were also capable of altering cell proliferation and differentiation behavior of preosteoblasts (MC3T3) and showed potential once optimized to provide a simple means to generate osteo-conductive substrates for tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2135-2148, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, 49931
| | - Hallie R Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, 49931
| | - Connor McCarthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, 49931
| | - Rupak M Rajachar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, 49931
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46
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Xu J, Li Y, Zhou X, Li Y, Gao ZD, Song YY, Schmuki P. Graphitic C3 N4 -Sensitized TiO2 Nanotube Layers: A Visible-Light Activated Efficient Metal-Free Antimicrobial Platform. Chemistry 2016; 22:3947-51. [PMID: 26789421 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we use a facile procedure to graft a thin graphitic C3N4 (g-C3N4) layer on aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiNT) by a one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach. This provides a platform to enhance the visible-light response of TiO2 nanotubes for antimicrobial applications. The formed g-C3N4/TiNT binary nanocomposite exhibits excellent bactericidal efficiency against Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a visible-light activated antibacterial coating, without the use of additional bactericides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110004, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110004, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- Department of Materials Science, WW4-LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yuzhen Li
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110004, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Da Gao
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110004, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Song
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110004, P. R. China.
| | - Patrik Schmuki
- Department of Materials Science, WW4-LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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Camera KL, Gómez-Zayas J, Yokoyama D, Ediger MD, Ober CK. Photopatterning of Indomethacin Thin Films: a Solvent-Free Vapor-Deposited Photoresist. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:23398-23401. [PMID: 26406303 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report indomethacin as a photoresist that can be dry-deposited (as well as spin-coated), and developed in weak aqueous base. This is the first reported patterning of indomethacin as a resist material. Nanometer-scale patterns were achieved through DUV photolithography and the underlying patterning mechanism was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaritza Gómez-Zayas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daisuke Yokoyama
- Department of Organic Device Engineering, Yamagata University , 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - M D Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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48
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Goktas H, Wang X, Ugur A, Gleason KK. Water-Assisted Vapor Deposition of PEDOT Thin Film. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1283-9. [PMID: 25882241 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) using water-assisted vapor phase polymerization (VPP) and oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) are reported. For the VPP PEDOT, the oxidant, FeCl3 , is sublimated onto the substrate from a heated crucible in the reactor chamber and subsequently exposed to 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer and water vapor in the same reactor. The oCVD PEDOT was produced by introducing the oxidant, EDOT monomer, and water vapor simultaneously to the reactor. The enhancement of doping and crystallinity is observed in the water-assisted oCVD thin films. The high doping level observed at UV-vis-NIR spectra for the oCVD PEDOT, suggests that water acts as a solubilizing agent for oxidant and its byproducts. Although the VPP produced PEDOT thin films are fully amorphous, their conductivities are comparable with that of the oCVD produced ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Goktas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Asli Ugur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Karen K Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Schamel D, Mark AG, Gibbs JG, Miksch C, Morozov KI, Leshansky AM, Fischer P. Nanopropellers and their actuation in complex viscoelastic media. ACS Nano 2014; 8:8794-8801. [PMID: 24911046 DOI: 10.1021/nn502360t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue and biological fluids are complex viscoelastic media with a nanoporous macromolecular structure. Here, we demonstrate that helical nanopropellers can be controllably steered through such a biological gel. The screw-propellers have a filament diameter of about 70 nm and are smaller than previously reported nanopropellers as well as any swimming microorganism. We show that the nanoscrews will move through high-viscosity solutions with comparable velocities to that of larger micropropellers, even though they are so small that Brownian forces suppress their actuation in pure water. When actuated in viscoelastic hyaluronan gels, the nanopropellers appear to have a significant advantage, as they are of the same size range as the gel's mesh size. Whereas larger helices will show very low or negligible propulsion in hyaluronan solutions, the nanoscrews actually display significantly enhanced propulsion velocities that exceed the highest measured speeds in Newtonian fluids. The nanopropellers are not only promising for applications in the extracellular environment but small enough to be taken up by cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Schamel
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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50
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Kim H, Kwon Y, Choe Y. Fabrication of nanostructured ZnO film as a hole-conducting layer of organic photovoltaic cell. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:240. [PMID: 23680100 PMCID: PMC3663721 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of fibrous nanostructured ZnO film as a hole-conducting layer on the performance of polymer photovoltaic cells. By increasing the concentration of zinc acetate dihydrate, the changes of performance characteristics were evaluated. Fibrous nanostructured ZnO film was prepared by sol-gel process and annealed on a hot plate. As the concentration of zinc acetate dihydrate increased, ZnO fibrous nanostructure grew from 300 to 600 nm. The obtained ZnO nanostructured fibrous films have taken the shape of a maze-like structure and were characterized by UV-visible absorption, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The intensity of absorption bands in the ultraviolet region was increased with increasing precursor concentration. The X-ray diffraction studies show that the ZnO fibrous nanostructures became strongly (002)-oriented with increasing concentration of precursor. The bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells were fabricated using poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and indene-C60 bisadduct as active layer, and their electrical properties were investigated. The external quantum efficiency of the fabricated device increased with increasing precursor concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyomin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Yiseul Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Youngson Choe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
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