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Patel HP, Desai PH, Patel RV, Lodha SN, Gore AH, Patil PO, Desai BV, Desai DT, Vyas BA, Willcox MDP, Maulvi FA. Clozapine-laden carbon dots delivered to the brain via an intranasal pathway: Synthesis, characterization, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 237:113862. [PMID: 38518556 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Clozapine, which is widely used to treat schizophrenia, shows low bioavailability due to poor solubility and high first-pass metabolism. The study aimed to design clozapine-loaded carbon dots (CDs) to enhance availability of the clozapine to the brain via intranasal pathway. The CDs were synthesized by pyrolysis of citric acid and urea at 200 °C by hydrothermal technique and characterized by photoluminescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). The optimized clozapine-loaded CDs (CLZ-CDs-1:3-200) showed a quasi-spherical shape (9-12 nm) with stable blue fluorescence. The CDs showed high drug solubilization capacity (1.5 mg drug in 1 mg/ml CDs) with strong electrostatic interaction with clozapine (drug loading efficiency = 94.74%). The ex vivo release study performed using nasal goat mucosa showed sustained release of clozapine (43.89%) from CLZ-CDs-1:3-200 for 30 h. The ciliotoxicity study (histopathology) confirmed no toxicity to the nasal mucosal tissues using CDs. In the rat model (in vivo pharmacokinetic study), when CDs were administrated by the intranasal route, a significantly higher concentration of clozapine in the brain tissue (Cmax = 58.07 ± 5.36 μg/g and AUCt (µg/h*g) = 105.76 ± 12.31) was noted within a short time (tmax = 1 h) compared to clozapine suspension administered by intravenous route (Cmax = 20.99 ± 3.91 μg/g, AUC t (µg/h*g) = 56.89 ± 12.31, and tmax = 4 h). The high value of drug targeting efficiency (DTE, 486%) index and direct transport percentage (DTP, 58%) indicates the direct entry of clozapine-CDs in the brain via the olfactory route. In conclusion, designed CDs demonstrated a promising dosage form for targeted nose-to-brain delivery of clozapine for the effective treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetal P Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India.
| | - Priya H Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | | | - Sandesh N Lodha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Anil H Gore
- Tarsadia Institute of Chemical Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Surat 394350, India
| | - Pravin O Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, India
| | - Bhargavi V Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Ditixa T Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Bhavin A Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Furqan A Maulvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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Han S, Patel RV, Ismaily SK, Jones HL, Gold JE, Noble PC. Micromotion and Migration of Cementless Tibial Trays Under Functional Loading Conditions. J Arthroplasty 2021; 36:349-355. [PMID: 32741712 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of cementless total knee arthroplasty (TKA) relies on successful bony ingrowth into the implant surfaces. Failures due to aseptic loosening are still reported, especially in younger and more active patients. The objective of this study is to quantify the micromotion of a commercially available design of cementless tibial tray under loading conditions simulating walking and stair descent. METHOD A commercially available design of cementless total knee arthroplasty was implanted in 7 cadaveric knees which were preconditioned with 500 cycles of 0°-100° flexion under a vertical load of 1050 N in a custom-built, multiaxial functional activity simulator. This was followed by application of the peak forces and moments occurring during walking and stair descent. During each loading procedure, 3-dimensional motion at the bone-prosthesis interface was measured using digital image correlation. RESULTS The tray migrated 101 ± 25 μm on average during preconditioning, which was dominated by rotation in the sagittal plane (92% of total migration), combined with posterior translation (28%) and minimal rotation in the transverse plane (14%). The migration varied 2.7-fold (61-167 μm) between the 6 measurement zones. Stair descent produced significantly higher total micromotion than walking in zone #5 (62 ± 9 vs 51 ± 10 μm, P < .05) and zone #6 (68 ± 17 vs 37 ± 10 μm, P < .05). In addition, during stair descent, the tray exhibited significantly more tilting (anterior zones: 31 ± 17 vs -16 ± 20 μm, P < .05; posterior zones: -60 ± 8 vs -40 ± 7 μm, P < .05) and more anteroposterior displacement in the anterior zones (-25 ± 3 vs -13 ± 2 μm, P < .05) when compared to walking. CONCLUSION The relative motion at the bone-prosthesis interface varied substantially around the periphery of the cementless tray. Under the loading conditions evaluated, the tray primarily underwent a rocking motion in the sagittal plane. Compared with walking, stair descent produced significantly more micromotion, especially in the posterior zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Han
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Education, Houston, Texas; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Rikin V Patel
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Education, Houston, Texas
| | - Sabir K Ismaily
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Education, Houston, Texas; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Hugh L Jones
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Education, Houston, Texas; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan E Gold
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Education, Houston, Texas; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Philip C Noble
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Education, Houston, Texas; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
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Han S, Owens VL, Patel RV, Ismaily SK, Harrington MA, Incavo SJ, Noble PC. The continuum of hip range of motion: From soft-tissue restriction to bony impingement. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1779-1786. [PMID: 31965588 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Traditional studies of hip kinematics have not identified which anatomic structures limit the range of motion (ROM) when the hip is placed in different maneuvers. In this study, we attempted to answer two questions: (a) During which maneuvers is the motion of the hip limited by bony impingement between the femur and pelvis? (b) When is hip ROM determined by the constraint of soft tissues and to what extent? ROM of eight cadaveric hips was measured in 17 maneuvers using a motion capture system. The maneuvers were recreated in silico using 3D CT models of each specimen to detect the occurrence of bony impingement. If bony impingement was not detected, the variable component of 3D hip motion was increased until a collision was detected. The difference between the virtual ROM at the point of bony impingement and the initial ROM measured experimentally was termed as the soft-tissue restriction. The results showed that bony impingement was present in normal hips during maneuvers consisting of high abduction with flexion, and high flexion combined with adduction and internal rotation. At impingement-free maneuvers, the degree of soft tissue restriction varies remarkably, ranging from 4.9° ± 3.8° (internal rotation) at 90° of flexion to 80.0° ± 12.5° (internal rotation) at maximum extension. The findings shed light on the relative contributions of osseous and soft tissues to the motion of the hip in different maneuvers and allow for a better understanding of physical exams of different purposes in diagnosing bone- or soft tissue-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Han
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Education, Houston, Texas.,McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Rikin V Patel
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Education, Houston, Texas
| | - Sabir K Ismaily
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Education, Houston, Texas.,McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Melvyn A Harrington
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Philip C Noble
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Education, Houston, Texas.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Patel RV, Asmaro R. 0503 Standardizing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening in Primary Care Clinic: Effects of implementing STOP-BANG. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R V Patel
- Hahnemann University Hospital, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - R Asmaro
- Hahnemann University Hospital, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
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Sinha CK, Basson S, Patel RV, Mathur AB. Norwich paediatric triad: malrotation, intussusception and small intestinal lymphoma. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2013-201110. [PMID: 25432904 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-201110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C K Sinha
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, NNUH, Norwich, UK
| | - S Basson
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, NNUH, Norwich, UK
| | - R V Patel
- Department of Paediatric Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A B Mathur
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, NNUH, Norwich, UK
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Boutong S, Ashby E, Patel RV. Iliacus pyomyositis. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2013; 74:531. [PMID: 24022558 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2013.74.9.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Boutong
- Core Surgical Trainee in the Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University College Hospital, London
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Talasaz A, Patel RV. Integration of force reflection with tactile sensing for minimally invasive robotics-assisted tumor localization. IEEE Trans Haptics 2013; 6:217-228. [PMID: 24808305 DOI: 10.1109/toh.2012.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tactile sensing and force reflection have been the subject of considerable research for tumor localization in soft-tissue palpation. The work presented in this paper investigates the relevance of force feedback (presented visually as well as directly) during tactile sensing (presented visually only) for tumor localization using an experimental setup close to one that could be applied for real robotics-assisted minimally invasive surgery. The setup is a teleoperated (master-slave) system facilitated with a state-of-the-art minimally invasive probe with a rigidly mounted tactile sensor at the tip and an externally mounted force sensor at the base of the probe. The objective is to capture the tactile information and measure the interaction forces between the probe and tissue during palpation and to explore how they can be integrated to improve the performance of tumor localization. To quantitatively explore the effect of force feedback on tactile sensing tumor localization, several experiments were conducted by human subjects to locate artificial tumors embedded in the ex vivo bovine livers. The results show that using tactile sensing in a force-controlled environment can realize, on average, 57 percent decrease in the maximum force and 55 percent decrease in the average force applied to tissue while increasing the tumor detection accuracy by up to 50 percent compared to the case of using tactile feedback alone. The results also show that while visual presentation of force feedback gives straightforward quantitative measures, improved performance of tactile sensing tumor localization is achieved at the expense of longer times for the user. Also, the quickness and intuitive data mapping of direct force feedback makes it more appealing to experienced users.
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Azimian H, Patel RV, Naish MD, Kiaii B. A semi-infinite programming approach to preoperative planning of robotic cardiac surgery under geometric uncertainty. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2012; 17:172-82. [PMID: 23033329 DOI: 10.1109/titb.2012.2220557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a computational framework for patient-specific preoperative planning of Robotics-Assisted Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (RAMICS) is presented. It is expected that preoperative planning of RAMICS will improve the success rate by considering robot kinematics, patient-specific thoracic anatomy, and procedure-specific intraoperative conditions. Given the significant anatomical features localized in the preoperative computed tomography images of a patients thorax, port locations and robot orientations (with respect to the patients body coordinate frame) are determined to optimize qualities such as dexterity, reachability, tool approach angles and maneuverability. To address intraoperative geometric uncertainty, the problem is formulated as a Generalized Semi-Infinite Program (GSIP) with a convex lower-level problem to seek a plan that is less sensitive to geometric uncertainty in the neighborhood of surgical targets. It is demonstrated that with a proper formulation of the problem, the GSIP can be replaced by a tractable constrained nonlinear program that uses a multi-criteria objective function to balance between the nominal task performance and robustness to collisions and joint limit violations. Finally, performance of the proposed formulation is demonstrated by a comparison between the plans generated by the algorithm and those recommended by an experienced surgeon for several case studies.
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Abstract
Concentric-tube robots have the potential to become an important surgical tool for robot-assisted percutaneous interventions. They can provide dexterous operation in a small constrained environment. The kinematic model of a concentric-tube robot has been well developed in terms of accuracy, but the computational cost places limitations on real-time implementation. In this paper, we propose a new technique that will substantially improve the computational efficiency of evaluating the kinematics of a concentric-tube robot in the context of developing a control strategy without sacrificing the accuracy of the results. In this paper we develop a torsionally compliant kinematic model using global variables. The model is validated by comparing the results obtained by computing the kinematic model corresponding to an experimental setup of a concentric-tube robot to which a force/torque sensor has been mounted at its base with those obtained directly from the experimental setup. The results indicate that it is feasible to compute the kinematics of the concentric-tube robot fast enough to allow the position/force control loop to be implemented at a rate of 1 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Xu
- CSTAR, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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Jayender J, Patel RV, Michaud GF, Hata N. Optimal transseptal puncture location for robot-assisted left atrial catheter ablation. Int J Med Robot 2011; 7:193-201. [PMID: 21538767 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preferred method of treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) is by catheter ablation, in which a catheter is guided into the left atrium through a transseptal puncture. However, the transseptal puncture constrains the catheter, thereby limiting its manoeuvrability and increasing the difficulty in reaching various locations in the left atrium. In this paper, we address the problem of choosing the optimal transseptal puncture location for performing cardiac ablation to obtain maximum manoeuvrability of the catheter. METHODS We have employed an optimization algorithm to maximize the global isotropy index (GII) to evaluate the optimal transseptal puncture location. As part of this algorithm, a novel kinematic model for the catheter has been developed, based on a continuum robot model. Pre-operative MR/CT images of the heart are segmented using the open source image-guided therapy software, 3D Slicer, to obtain models of the left atrium and septal wall. These models are input to the optimization algorithm to evaluate the optimal transseptal puncture location. RESULTS The continuum robot model accurately describes the kinematics of the catheter. Simulation and experimental results for the optimal transseptal puncture location are presented in this paper. The optimization algorithm generates discrete points on the septal wall for which the dexterity of the catheter in the left atrium is maximum, corresponding to a GII of 0.4362. CONCLUSION We have developed an optimization algorithm based on the GII to evaluate the optimal position of the transseptal puncture for left atrial cardiac ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jayender
- Surgical Planning Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Incavo SJ, Thompson MT, Gold JE, Patel RV, Icenogle KD, Noble PC. Which procedure better restores intact hip range of motion: total hip arthroplasty or resurfacing? A combined cadaveric and computer simulation study. J Arthroplasty 2011; 26:391-7. [PMID: 20378308 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous comparisons of hip range of motion (ROM) after THA and surface replacement arthroplasty (SRA) are inconclusive due to the lack of soft tissue considerations and dissimilar control groups. The normal ROMs of 8 intact cadaveric hips were determined by placing specimens in 6 discrete, predefined positions of rotation at a standard torque. In each position, the limiting factor of ROM, either bony impingement or soft tissue restriction, could be determined. Total hip arthroplasty and SRA components were virtually implanted, and ROM until impingement was determined. With a THA, the ROM was comparable to that of the intact hip. With an SRA, flexion (111° ± 13°) was less than for the intact hip (131° ± 6°). Surface replacement arthroplasty, but not THA, significantly decreases the ROM compared to intact hips.
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Perri MT, Trejos AL, Naish MD, Patel RV, Malthaner RA. New tactile sensing system for minimally invasive surgical tumour localization. Int J Med Robot 2010; 6:211-20. [PMID: 20309845 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) suffers from the inability to directly palpate organs for tumour localization. A tactile sensing system (TSS), consisting of a probe and a visualization interface, was developed to present an active pressure map of the contact surface to locate tumours during MIS. METHODS The TSS performance was compared to MIS graspers to locate occult 10 mm phantom tumours in ex vivo bovine liver and ex vivo porcine lung. Performance assessment included applied pressure, localization distance and accuracy. RESULTS The TSS realized a relative 71% reduction in maximum applied pressure and a 31% increase in detection accuracy in liver tissue (when compared to MIS graspers) and demonstrated no significant differences in performance when palpating lung tissue. CONCLUSIONS The TSS may help surgeons to identify occult tumours during surgery by restoring some of the haptic information lost during MIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Perri
- London Health Sciences Centre, Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), London, Ontario, Canada
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Atlas H, Safa N, Denis R, Garneau P, Moustarah F, Marceau S, Lebel S, Biertho L, Hould F, Marceau P, Biron S, Anvari M, Sharma A, Goldsmith CH, Lacobellis G, Cadeddu M, Misra M, Taylor V, Tarride J, Hubert E, Tiboni M, Hong D, Wiebe S, Klassen D, Bonjer J, Lawlor D, Plowman J, Ransom T, Vallis M, Ellsmere J, Graham PJ, Kaban GK, Vizhul A, Birch DW, Menezes AC, Shi X, Karmali S, Seth R, MacKenzie L, Kus A, Bell J, Carrier M, Atkins H, Boushey R, Auer R, Croome KP, Yamashita M, Aarts MA, Okrainec A, Glicksman A, Pearsall E, Pitzul K, Huang H, McLeod RS, Sarkhosh K, Robertson M, Boctor D, Lam V, Sigalet D, Johner A, Faulds J, Wiseman SM, Pemberton J, Gordon ML, Prashad C, Rambaran M, Cameron B, Neville A, Sarosi GA, Wei Y, Gibbs JO, Reda DJ, McCarthy M, Fitzgibbons RJ, Barkun JST, Fenech DS, Forbes S, Pearsall E, Chung J, Glickman A, Victor JC, Nathens A, McLeod RS, Fitzmaurice GJ, Mone F, Brown R, Cranley B, Conlon EF, Todd RAJ, O'Donnell ME, Tran TT, Kaneva PA, Finch LE, Fried GM, Mayo NE, Feldman LS, VanHouwellingen L, Vogt KN, Stewart TC, Williamson J, Parry N, DeRose G, Gray D, Harriman S, Rodych N, Hayes P, Moser M, Jamal MH, Doi S, Rousseau M, Snell L, Meterissian S, Zolfaghari S, Friedlich MS, Kurashima Y, Al-Sabah S, Kaneva PA, Feldman LS, Fried GM, Vassiliou MC, Tran TT, Kaneva PA, Mayo NE, Fried GM, Feldman LS, Pearsall E, Sheth U, Fenech D, McKenzie M, Victor JC, McLeod RS, Ghaderi I, Vaillancourt M, Sroka G, Kaneva PA, Vassiliou MC, Seagull FJ, Sutton E, Godinez C, George I, Park A, Choy I, Okrainec A, Brintzenhoff R, Prabhu A, Heniford BT, Stefanidis D, Fried GM, Feldman LS, Igric A, Vogt KN, Girotti M, Parry NG, Vinden C, Kim SHH, Zhang NN, Russo JJ, El-Salfiti IK, Kowalczuk M, Rajaee AN, Bal M, Gill MS, Lysecki PJ, Hoogenes J, Dath D, Nassar AK, Reid S, Mohaisen KN, Winch J, Omar D, Hanna WC, Mulder DS, El-Hilali MM, Khwaja KA, Jamal MH, Rayment J, Doi SA, Megueditchian A, Meterissian S, Tso D, Langer M, Blair G, Butterworth S, Vaillancourt M, Vassiliou MC, Bergman S, Fried GM, Kaneva PA, Feldman LS, Davenport E, Haggar F, Trottier D, Huynh H, Soto C, Shamji FM, Seely A, Sundaresan S, Pagliarello G, Tadros S, Yelle JD, Maziak D, Moloo H, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Knowlton LM, Chackungal S, MacQueen KA, Anvari M, Allen C, Goldsmith C, Ghaderi I, Madani A, de Gara C, Schlachta CM, Zakrison TL, Tee MC, Chan S, Nguyen V, Yang J, Holmes D, Levine D, Bugis S, Wiseman SM, Sandhu L, Zhai J, Kennedy ED, Baxter NN, Gagliardi AR, Urbach DR, Wei AC, Sabalbal M, McAlister VC, Balayla J, Bergman S, Feldman LS, Ghitulescu G, Fraser SA, Daigle R, Urquart R, Cox M, Grunfeld E, Porter G, Hallet J, Labidi S, Clairoux A, Gagné JP, Gill RS, Manouchehri N, Liu JQ, Lee TF, Bigam DL, Cheung PY, Van Koughnett JA, Colquhoun PH, Gordon ML, Cornacchi S, Farrokhyar F, Hodgson N, Porter G, Quan ML, Wright F, Lovrics P, Datta I, Brar SS, Ball CG, Heine JA, Rothwell B, Crozier M, Ting H, Boone D, O'Regan N, Brown C, Bandrauk N, Hapgood J, Hogan M, McDonald LA, Da'as S, Sorensen PHB, Berman JN, Ameer A, Jamal M, Aljiffry M, Doi S, Hasanain M, Chaudhury P, Metrakos P, Tchervenkov J, Lapierre S, Mohammad W, Balaa N, Akil M, Mimeault R, Fairfull-Smith R, Teague BD, Butler MS, Garneau PY, Sample CB, Kapoor A, Cadeddu MO, Anvari M, Hanna WC, Jamal MH, Nguyen L, Fraser SA, Kwan K, Wallis CJD, Jones S, Fraser T, Masterso J, Blair G, Duffy D, Roberts DJ, Kirkpatrick AW, Datta I, Feliciano DV, Kortbeek JB, Laupland KB, Ball CG, Haggar F, Davenport E, Moloo H, Mamazza J, Manouchehri N, Bigam D, Churchill T, Joynt C, Cheung PY, Al-Sairafi R, Sample CB, Paquette F, Fraser SA, Feldman LS, Fried GM, Weissglas I, Ghitulescu G, Meterissian S, Bergman S, Al-Dohayan A, Al-Naami M, Bamehriz F, Madkhali A, Hallet J, LeBlanc M, Gilbert A, Daigle C, Tien G, Atkins MS, Zheng B, Tanin H, Swindells C, Meneghetti A, Panton ONM, Qayumi AK, Chhiv M, Drolet S, Sirois-Giguère É, Gilbert A, Doyle JD, Sheth U, Huang H, Pearsall E, McLeod RS, Nathens AB, Suri RR, Vora P, Kirby JM, Chan K, Smith S, Ruo L, Faryniuk A, Hochman D, Ball CG, Kirkpatrick AW, Broderick TJ, Williams DR, Kholdebarin R, Helewa R, Bracken J, Zabolotny B, Hochman D, Merchant S, Hameed M, Melck A, McGuire AL, Wilson C, Mercer D, Sharma B, Orzech N, Grantcharov T, Johner A, Taylor DC, Buczkowski AK, Chung SW, Lumb KJ, Trejos AL, Ward CDW, Naish MD, Patel RV, Schlachta CM, Davenport E, Haggar F, Moloo H, Boushey RP, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Graybiel KM, Fernandes VT, Hoogenes J, Dath D, Mohammad W, Trottier D, Nadolny K, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Balaa F, Diederichs B, Turner S, de Gara C, Ghitulescu GA, Filip I, Bergman S, Fraser S, Finley RJ, Mayo J, Clifton J, Yee J, Evans K, MacWilliams A, Lam S, English J, Finley C, Jacks L, Darling G, Hanna WC, Sudarshan M, Roberge D, David M, Waschke KA, Mayrand S, Ferri LE, Coughlin S, Emmerton-Coughlin H, Malthaner R, Grover HS, Basi S, Chiasson P, Basi S, Irshad K, Emmerton-Coughlin HMA, Vogt KN, Malthaner RA, Spicer JD, McDonald B, Perera R, Rousseau MC, Chan CHF, Hsu RYC, Giannias B, Ferri LE, Ahmed S, Birnbaum AE, Berz D, Fontaine JP, Dipetrillo TA, Ready NE, Ng T, Alhussaini A, Oberoi M, Threader J, Villeneuve J, Gilbert S, Shamji FM, Sundaresan S, Maziak D, Seely A, Rammohan KS, Hunt I, Chuck A, Gazala S, Valji A, Stewart K, Bedard ELR, Plourde M, Fortin D, Arab A, Inculet RI, Malthaner RA, Bharadwaj SC, Hamin T, Tan LA, Unruh HW, Srinathan SK, McGuire AL, Petsikas D, Reid K, Hopman W, Levine P, Rousseau M, Spicer J, Ferri LE, Ashrafi AS, Bond RJ, Ong SR, Ahmadi SY, Partington SL, Graham AJ, Owen S, Kelly EJ, Gelfand G, Grondin SC, McFadden SD, Paolucci EO, Weeks SG, Davis PJ, Molinari M, Topp T, Walsh MJ, Simoneau E, Hassanain M, Cabrera T, Chaudhury P, Dumitra S, Aljiffry M, Feteih I, Leduc S, Rivera J, Jamal M, Valenti D, Metrakos P, Elgadi K, Cherniak W, Chan D, Wei AC, Gallinger S, Mohammad W, Mimeault R, Fairfull-Smith R, Auer R, Balaa F, Kwan J, Hassanain M, Chaudhury P, Dey C, Gadahadh R, Salman A, Simoneau E, Meti N, Aljiffry M, Jamal M, Cabrera T, Bouganim N, Kavan P, Alcindor T, Valenti D, Metrakos P, Brar B, Sutherland F, Bégin A, Bourdonnais D, Lapointe R, Plasse M, Létourneau R, Roy A, Dagenais M, Vandenbroucke-Menu F, Bégin A, Bourdonnais D, Lapointe R, Plasse M, Létourneau R, Dagenais M, Roy A, Vandenbroucke-Menu F, Bégin A, Ismail S, Vandenbroucke-Menu F, Létourneau R, Plasse M, Roy A, Dagenais M, Lapointe R, Greco EF, Nanji S, Shah SA, Wei AC, Greig PD, Gallinger S, Cleary SP, Al-Adra DP, Anderson C, Nanji S, Ryan P, Guindi M, Selvarajah S, Greig P, McGilvray I, Taylor B, Wei A, Moulton C, Cleary SP, Gallinger S, Sandroussi C, Brace C, Kennedy E, Baxter N, Gallinger S, Wei AC, Yamashita T, Leslie K, McLean SR, Karsanji D, Dixon E, Sutherland FR, Bathe OF, Suri RR, Marcaccio MJ, Ruo L, Jamal MH, Simoneau E, Khalil JA, Hassanain M, Chaudhury P, Tchervenkov J, Metrakos P, Doi SA, Barkun JS, Barnett C, Marcaccio MJ, Hankinson JJ, Ruo L, Alawashez A, Ellsmere J, Neville A, Boutros M, Barkun J, Wiebe ME, Sandhu L, Takata JL, Kennedy ED, Baxter NN, Gagliardi AR, Urbach DR, Wei AC, Chan G, Kocha W, Reid R, Wall W, Quan D, Lovrics P, Hodgson N, Ghola G, Franic S, Goldsmith C, McCready D, Cornacchi S, Garnett A, Reedijk M, Scheer AS, McSparron JI, Schulman AR, Tuorto S, Gonen M, Gonsalves J, Fong Y, Auer RAC, Francescutti V, Coates A, Thabane L, Goldsmith CH, Levine M, Simunovic M, Richardson DP, Porter G, Johnson PM, Leon-Carlyle M, Schmocker S, O'Connor BI, Victor JC, Baxter NN, Smith AJ, McLeod RS, Kennedy ED, Chan CHF, Arabzadeh A, DeMarte L, Spicer JD, Turbide C, Brodt P, Beauchemin N, Ferri LE, Zih F, Panzarella T, Hummel C, Petronis J, McCart A, Swallow C, Mathieson A, Ridgway PF, Ko YJ, Smith AJ, Gieni M, Dickson L, Sne N, Avram R, Farrokhyar F, Smith M, Giacomantonio C, Hoskin D, Doyon C, Martin G, Patocskai E, Brar SS, Wright F, Okrainec A, Smith AJ, Bischof DA, Maier B, Fitch M, Wright FC, Baliski CR, Kluftinger A, MacLeod M, Kwong S, Racz JM, Fortin A, Latosinsky S, Messenger DE, Kirsch R, McLeod RS, Aslani N, Heidary B, Prabhu KL, Raval M, Phang PT, Brow C, Richardson DP, Porter G, Johnson PM, Moloo H, Haggar F, Duhaime S, Hutton B, Grimshaw J, Coyle D, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Boushey RP, Paun BC, Shaheen AAM, Dixon E, Maclean AR, Buie WD, Moustarah F, Talarico J, Zink J, Gatmaitan P, Schauer P, Chand B, Brethauer S, Martel G, Duhaime S, Ramsay CR, Barkun JS, Ferguson DA, Boushey RP, Palter VN, MacRae HM, Grantcharov TP, Messenger DE, Victor JC, O'Connor BI, MacRae HM, McLeod RS, Al-Sabah S, Feldman LS, Charlebois P, Stein B, Kaneva PA, Fried GM, Liberman AS, Borowiec AM, Karmal S, Apriasz I, Mysliwiec B, Hussain N, Ott M, Reynolds R, Lum A, Williams LJ, Morash R, Shin S, Smylie J, Moloo H, Auer R, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Watters J, Fung-Kee-Fung M, Boushey RP, Pelletier JS, de Gara CJ, White J, Ghosh S, Schiller D, Drolet S, Paolucci EO, Heine J, Buie WD, Maclean AR, Barnes A, Liang S, Auer R, Moloo H, Mamazza J, Poulin EC, Boushey RP, Klevan AE, Dalvi AA, Ramsay JA, Stephen WJ, Nhan C, Driman DK, Raby M, Smith AJ, Hunter A, Srigley J, McLeod RS, Zolfaghari S, Auer R, Moloo H, Mamazza J, Friedlich M, Poulin EC, Stern HS, Boushey RP, Scheer AS, Boushey RP, Liang S, Doucette S, O'Connor AM, Moher D. Canadian Surgery Forum. Can J Surg 2010; 53:S51-S104. [PMID: 35488396 PMCID: PMC2912011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Atlas
- From the Department of Surgery, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal University, Montréal, Que
| | - N Safa
- From the Department of Surgery, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal University, Montréal, Que
| | - R Denis
- From the Department of Surgery, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal University, Montréal, Que
| | - P Garneau
- From the Department of Surgery, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal University, Montréal, Que
| | - F Moustarah
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, Département de chirurgie, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Que
| | - S Marceau
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, Département de chirurgie, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Que
| | - S Lebel
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, Département de chirurgie, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Que
| | - L Biertho
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, Département de chirurgie, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Que
| | - F Hould
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, Département de chirurgie, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Que
| | - P Marceau
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, Département de chirurgie, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Que
| | - S Biron
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, Département de chirurgie, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Que
| | - M Anvari
- From the Departments of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Sharma
- From the Departments of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C H Goldsmith
- From the Departments of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - G Lacobellis
- From the Departments of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - M Cadeddu
- From the Departments of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - M Misra
- From the Departments of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - V Taylor
- From the Departments of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J Tarride
- From the Departments of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - E Hubert
- From the Departments of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - M Tiboni
- From the Departments of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D Hong
- From the Departments of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Wiebe
- From the Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - D Klassen
- From the Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - J Bonjer
- From the Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - D Lawlor
- From the Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - J Plowman
- From the Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - T Ransom
- From the Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - M Vallis
- From the Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - J Ellsmere
- From the Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - P J Graham
- From the Department of Surgery, Regina General Hospital, Regina, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - G K Kaban
- From the Department of Surgery, Regina General Hospital, Regina, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - A Vizhul
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A C Menezes
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - X Shi
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Karmali
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R Seth
- From the Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - L MacKenzie
- From the Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Kus
- From the Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Bell
- From the Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Carrier
- From the Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Atkins
- From the Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- From the Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From the Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - K P Croome
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - M Yamashita
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and the School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - M-A Aarts
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Glicksman
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - E Pearsall
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Pitzul
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Huang
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Sarkhosh
- From the Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - M Robertson
- From the Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - D Boctor
- From the Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - V Lam
- From the Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - D Sigalet
- From the Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A Johner
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Faulds
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - S M Wiseman
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Pemberton
- From the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation, Georgetown, Guyana, and the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M L Gordon
- From the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation, Georgetown, Guyana, and the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - C Prashad
- From the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation, Georgetown, Guyana, and the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Rambaran
- From the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation, Georgetown, Guyana, and the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - B Cameron
- From the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation, Georgetown, Guyana, and the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Neville
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | - Y Wei
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J O Gibbs
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - D J Reda
- From McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | | | | | - D S Fenech
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Forbes
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - E Pearsall
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Chung
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Glickman
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J C Victor
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Nathens
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G J Fitzmaurice
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Radiology, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, Northern Ireland
| | - F Mone
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Radiology, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, Northern Ireland
| | - R Brown
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Radiology, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, Northern Ireland
| | - B Cranley
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Radiology, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, Northern Ireland
| | - E F Conlon
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Radiology, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, Northern Ireland
| | - R A J Todd
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Radiology, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, Northern Ireland
| | - M E O'Donnell
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Radiology, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, Northern Ireland
| | - T T Tran
- From the Departments of Surgery and of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P A Kaneva
- From the Departments of Surgery and of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Finch
- From the Departments of Surgery and of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- From the Departments of Surgery and of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - N E Mayo
- From the Departments of Surgery and of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- From the Departments of Surgery and of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L VanHouwellingen
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, Division of Critical Care, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K N Vogt
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, Division of Critical Care, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - T C Stewart
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, Division of Critical Care, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - J Williamson
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, Division of Critical Care, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N Parry
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, Division of Critical Care, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - G DeRose
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, Division of Critical Care, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - D Gray
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, Division of Critical Care, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - S Harriman
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - N Rodych
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - P Hayes
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - M Moser
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - M H Jamal
- From the Centre for Medical Education, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Doi
- From the Centre for Medical Education, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M Rousseau
- From the Centre for Medical Education, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L Snell
- From the Centre for Medical Education, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Meterissian
- From the Centre for Medical Education, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Zolfaghari
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital - General Campus, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M S Friedlich
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital - General Campus, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Y Kurashima
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Al-Sabah
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P A Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M C Vassiliou
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - T T Tran
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P A Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - N E Mayo
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - E Pearsall
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - U Sheth
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Fenech
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M McKenzie
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J C Victor
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - I Ghaderi
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - M Vaillancourt
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - G Sroka
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - P A Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - M C Vassiliou
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - F J Seagull
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - E Sutton
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - C Godinez
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - I George
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - A Park
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - I Choy
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - R Brintzenhoff
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - A Prabhu
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - B T Heniford
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - D Stefanidis
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - G M Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - L S Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., the University of Western Ontario, London, the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md., and the Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - A Igric
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K N Vogt
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M Girotti
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N G Parry
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C Vinden
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - S H H Kim
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - N N Zhang
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - J J Russo
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - I K El-Salfiti
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Kowalczuk
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A N Rajaee
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Bal
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M S Gill
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - P J Lysecki
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - J Hoogenes
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - D Dath
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A K Nassar
- From the Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and the Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Reid
- From the Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and the Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - K N Mohaisen
- From the Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and the Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - J Winch
- From the Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and the Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - D Omar
- From the Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., and the Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - W C Hanna
- From the Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - D S Mulder
- From the Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M M El-Hilali
- From the Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - K A Khwaja
- From the Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M H Jamal
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - J Rayment
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S A Doi
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | | | - S Meterissian
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - D Tso
- From the University of British Columbia, the Division of Pediatric Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Langer
- From the University of British Columbia, the Division of Pediatric Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - G Blair
- From the University of British Columbia, the Division of Pediatric Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Butterworth
- From the University of British Columbia, the Division of Pediatric Surgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Vaillancourt
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M C Vassiliou
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Bergman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P A Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - E Davenport
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Haggar
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D Trottier
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Huynh
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - C Soto
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F M Shamji
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Seely
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Sundaresan
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - G Pagliarello
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Tadros
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J D Yelle
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D Maziak
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - L M Knowlton
- From the Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Boston, Mass., the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - S Chackungal
- From the Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Boston, Mass., the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K A MacQueen
- From the Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Boston, Mass., the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M Anvari
- From the Departments of Surgery, Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - C Allen
- From the Departments of Surgery, Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - C Goldsmith
- From the Departments of Surgery, Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - I Ghaderi
- From the Division of General Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont., and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Madani
- From the Division of General Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont., and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C de Gara
- From the Division of General Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont., and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C M Schlachta
- From the Division of General Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont., and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - T L Zakrison
- From the Ryder Trauma Center, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - M C Tee
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Chan
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - V Nguyen
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Yang
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - D Holmes
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - D Levine
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Bugis
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - S M Wiseman
- From the University of British Columbia, Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - L Sandhu
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Zhai
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - E D Kennedy
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N N Baxter
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A R Gagliardi
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D R Urbach
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A C Wei
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Sabalbal
- From the Canadian Forces Medical Service, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - V C McAlister
- From the Canadian Forces Medical Service, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - J Balayla
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Bergman
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G Ghitulescu
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S A Fraser
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - R Daigle
- From the Department of Surgery, Victoria General Hospital, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - R Urquart
- From the Department of Surgery, Victoria General Hospital, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - M Cox
- From the Department of Surgery, Victoria General Hospital, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - E Grunfeld
- From the Department of Surgery, Victoria General Hospital, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - G Porter
- From the Department of Surgery, Victoria General Hospital, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - J Hallet
- From the Centre de chirurgie min-imalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universi-taire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - S Labidi
- From the Centre de chirurgie min-imalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universi-taire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - A Clairoux
- From the Centre de chirurgie min-imalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universi-taire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - J-P Gagné
- From the Centre de chirurgie min-imalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universi-taire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - R S Gill
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - N Manouchehri
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J Q Liu
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - T F Lee
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D L Bigam
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - P-Y Cheung
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J A Van Koughnett
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P H Colquhoun
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M L Gordon
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Cornacchi
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - F Farrokhyar
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - N Hodgson
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - G Porter
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M L Quan
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - F Wright
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - P Lovrics
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - I Datta
- From LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK, and the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S S Brar
- From LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK, and the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - C G Ball
- From LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK, and the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J A Heine
- From LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK, and the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - B Rothwell
- From LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK, and the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - M Crozier
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - H Ting
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - D Boone
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - N O'Regan
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - C Brown
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - N Bandrauk
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - J Hapgood
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - M Hogan
- From the Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - L A McDonald
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - S Da'as
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P H B Sorensen
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - J N Berman
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - A Ameer
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M Jamal
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M Aljiffry
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Doi
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M Hasanain
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P Chaudhury
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P Metrakos
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J Tchervenkov
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Lapierre
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - W Mohammad
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - N Balaa
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Akil
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Mimeault
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Fairfull-Smith
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - B D Teague
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., the Service de chirurgie générale, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., and the Centre for Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - M S Butler
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., the Service de chirurgie générale, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., and the Centre for Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - P Y Garneau
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., the Service de chirurgie générale, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., and the Centre for Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C B Sample
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., the Service de chirurgie générale, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., and the Centre for Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Kapoor
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., the Service de chirurgie générale, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., and the Centre for Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - M O Cadeddu
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., the Service de chirurgie générale, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., and the Centre for Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - M Anvari
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., the Service de chirurgie générale, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., and the Centre for Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - W C Hanna
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M H Jamal
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L Nguyen
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S A Fraser
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - K Kwan
- From the Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, the Division of Pediatric General Surgery, and the Office of Pediatric Surgical Evaluation and Innovation, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - C J D Wallis
- From the Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, the Division of Pediatric General Surgery, and the Office of Pediatric Surgical Evaluation and Innovation, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Jones
- From the Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, the Division of Pediatric General Surgery, and the Office of Pediatric Surgical Evaluation and Innovation, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - T Fraser
- From the Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, the Division of Pediatric General Surgery, and the Office of Pediatric Surgical Evaluation and Innovation, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Masterso
- From the Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, the Division of Pediatric General Surgery, and the Office of Pediatric Surgical Evaluation and Innovation, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - G Blair
- From the Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, the Division of Pediatric General Surgery, and the Office of Pediatric Surgical Evaluation and Innovation, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - D Duffy
- From the Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, the Division of Pediatric General Surgery, and the Office of Pediatric Surgical Evaluation and Innovation, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - D J Roberts
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., and Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - A W Kirkpatrick
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., and Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - I Datta
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., and Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - D V Feliciano
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., and Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - J B Kortbeek
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., and Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - K B Laupland
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., and Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - C G Ball
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., and Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - F Haggar
- From The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Davenport
- From The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - N Manouchehri
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D Bigam
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - T Churchill
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Joynt
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - P-Y Cheung
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R Al-Sairafi
- From the University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Edmonton, Alta
| | - C B Sample
- From the University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Edmonton, Alta
| | - F Paquette
- From the Department of Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S A Fraser
- From the Department of Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- From the Department of Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- From the Department of Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - I Weissglas
- From the Department of Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - G Ghitulescu
- From the Department of Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Meterissian
- From the Department of Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Bergman
- From the Department of Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - A Al-Dohayan
- From the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Al-Naami
- From the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Bamehriz
- From the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Madkhali
- From the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Hallet
- From the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Pavillon Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Québec, Que
| | - M LeBlanc
- From the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Pavillon Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Québec, Que
| | - A Gilbert
- From the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Pavillon Hôtel-Dieu-de-Québec, Québec, Que
| | - C Daigle
- From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, The School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, and the University of Victoria and Locarna Systems, Inc., Victoria, BC
| | - G Tien
- From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, The School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, and the University of Victoria and Locarna Systems, Inc., Victoria, BC
| | - M S Atkins
- From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, The School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, and the University of Victoria and Locarna Systems, Inc., Victoria, BC
| | - B Zheng
- From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, The School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, and the University of Victoria and Locarna Systems, Inc., Victoria, BC
| | - H Tanin
- From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, The School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, and the University of Victoria and Locarna Systems, Inc., Victoria, BC
| | - C Swindells
- From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, The School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, and the University of Victoria and Locarna Systems, Inc., Victoria, BC
| | - A Meneghetti
- From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, The School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, and the University of Victoria and Locarna Systems, Inc., Victoria, BC
| | - O N M Panton
- From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, The School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, and the University of Victoria and Locarna Systems, Inc., Victoria, BC
| | - A K Qayumi
- From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, The School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, and the University of Victoria and Locarna Systems, Inc., Victoria, BC
| | - M Chhiv
- From the Département de chirurgie générale, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - S Drolet
- From the Département de chirurgie générale, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - É Sirois-Giguère
- From the Département de chirurgie générale, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - A Gilbert
- From the Département de chirurgie générale, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - J D Doyle
- From the Department of Surgery and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - U Sheth
- From the Department of Surgery and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Huang
- From the Department of Surgery and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - E Pearsall
- From the Department of Surgery and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the Department of Surgery and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A B Nathens
- From the Department of Surgery and the Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R R Suri
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - P Vora
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - J M Kirby
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - K Chan
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Smith
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - L Ruo
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Faryniuk
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Hochman
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - C G Ball
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., the Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A W Kirkpatrick
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., the Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - T J Broderick
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., the Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - D R Williams
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., the Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - R Kholdebarin
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - R Helewa
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - J Bracken
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - B Zabolotny
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Hochman
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - S Merchant
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Hameed
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Melck
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A L McGuire
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - C Wilson
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - D Mercer
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Radiation Oncology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - B Sharma
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Orzech
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Grantcharov
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Johner
- Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - D C Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A K Buczkowski
- Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - S W Chung
- Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - K J Lumb
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, and the Departments of Surgery, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A L Trejos
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, and the Departments of Surgery, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C D W Ward
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, and the Departments of Surgery, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M D Naish
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, and the Departments of Surgery, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R V Patel
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, and the Departments of Surgery, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, and the Departments of Surgery, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - E Davenport
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Haggar
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - K M Graybiel
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ont
| | - V T Fernandes
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ont
| | - J Hoogenes
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ont
| | - D Dath
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ont
| | - W Mohammad
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D Trottier
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - K Nadolny
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Balaa
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - B Diederichs
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Turner
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C de Gara
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - G A Ghitulescu
- From the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - I Filip
- From the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Bergman
- From the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Fraser
- From the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - R J Finley
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Mayo
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Clifton
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Yee
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - K Evans
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - A MacWilliams
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Lam
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - J English
- From the University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Finley
- From the Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Jacks
- From the Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Darling
- From the Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - W C Hanna
- From the Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Sudarshan
- From the Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - D Roberge
- From the Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M David
- From the Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - K A Waschke
- From the Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Mayrand
- From the Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Ferri
- From the Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Coughlin
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | | | - R Malthaner
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - H S Grover
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Basi
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - P Chiasson
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Basi
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - K Irshad
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - K N Vogt
- From the Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - R A Malthaner
- From the Department of Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - J D Spicer
- From the L.D. Maclean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - B McDonald
- From the L.D. Maclean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - R Perera
- From the L.D. Maclean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M C Rousseau
- From the L.D. Maclean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - C H F Chan
- From the L.D. Maclean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - R Y C Hsu
- From the L.D. Maclean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - B Giannias
- From the L.D. Maclean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Ferri
- From the L.D. Maclean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Ahmed
- From the Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - A E Birnbaum
- From the Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - D Berz
- From the Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - J P Fontaine
- From the Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - T A Dipetrillo
- From the Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - N E Ready
- From the Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - T Ng
- From the Brown University Oncology Group, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - A Alhussaini
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Oberoi
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Threader
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Villeneuve
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Gilbert
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F M Shamji
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Sundaresan
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D Maziak
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Seely
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - K S Rammohan
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - I Hunt
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Chuck
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Gazala
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Valji
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - K Stewart
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - E L R Bedard
- From the Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - M Plourde
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - D Fortin
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - A Arab
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - R I Inculet
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - R A Malthaner
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - S C Bharadwaj
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - T Hamin
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - L A Tan
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - H W Unruh
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - S K Srinathan
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - A L McGuire
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - D Petsikas
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - K Reid
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - W Hopman
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - P Levine
- From the Department of Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M Rousseau
- From the Department of Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J Spicer
- From the Department of Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Ferri
- From the Department of Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - A S Ashrafi
- From the Surrey Thoracic Surgery Group, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - R J Bond
- From the Surrey Thoracic Surgery Group, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - S R Ong
- From the Surrey Thoracic Surgery Group, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - S Y Ahmadi
- From the Surrey Thoracic Surgery Group, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC
| | - S L Partington
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Thoracic Surgery, the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A J Graham
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Thoracic Surgery, the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S Owen
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Thoracic Surgery, the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - E J Kelly
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Thoracic Surgery, the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - G Gelfand
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Thoracic Surgery, the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S C Grondin
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Thoracic Surgery, the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S D McFadden
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Thoracic Surgery, the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - E Oddone Paolucci
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Thoracic Surgery, the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S G Weeks
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Thoracic Surgery, the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - P J Davis
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - M Molinari
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - T Topp
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - M J Walsh
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - E Simoneau
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Hassanain
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - T Cabrera
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Chaudhury
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Dumitra
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Aljiffry
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - I Feteih
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Leduc
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - J Rivera
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Jamal
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - D Valenti
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Metrakos
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Endocrinology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - K Elgadi
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - W Cherniak
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Chan
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A C Wei
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Gallinger
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - W Mohammad
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Mimeault
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Fairfull-Smith
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Balaa
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Kwan
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Hassanain
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Chaudhury
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - C Dey
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - R Gadahadh
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - A Salman
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - E Simoneau
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - N Meti
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Aljiffry
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Jamal
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - T Cabrera
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - N Bouganim
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Kavan
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - T Alcindor
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - D Valenti
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Metrakos
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Radiology and Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - B Brar
- From the Department of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta
| | - F Sutherland
- From the Department of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta
| | - A Bégin
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - D Bourdonnais
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - R Lapointe
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - M Plasse
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - R Létourneau
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - A Roy
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - M Dagenais
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - F Vandenbroucke-Menu
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - A Bégin
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - D Bourdonnais
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - R Lapointe
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - M Plasse
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - R Létourneau
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - M Dagenais
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - A Roy
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - F Vandenbroucke-Menu
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - A Bégin
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - S Ismail
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - F Vandenbroucke-Menu
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - R Létourneau
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - M Plasse
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - A Roy
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - M Dagenais
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - R Lapointe
- From the Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, Montréal, Que
| | - E F Greco
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Nanji
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S A Shah
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A C Wei
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P D Greig
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Gallinger
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S P Cleary
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D P Al-Adra
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Anderson
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Nanji
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University Health Network, and the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Ryan
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University Health Network, and the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Guindi
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University Health Network, and the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Selvarajah
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University Health Network, and the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Greig
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University Health Network, and the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - I McGilvray
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University Health Network, and the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - B Taylor
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University Health Network, and the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Wei
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University Health Network, and the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Moulton
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University Health Network, and the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S P Cleary
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University Health Network, and the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Gallinger
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University Health Network, and the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Sandroussi
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Brace
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - E Kennedy
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Baxter
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Gallinger
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A C Wei
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Yamashita
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Leslie
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - S R McLean
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - D Karsanji
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - E Dixon
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - F R Sutherland
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - O F Bathe
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - R R Suri
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M J Marcaccio
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - L Ruo
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M H Jamal
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., and the School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E Simoneau
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., and the School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Abou Khalil
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., and the School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Hassanain
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., and the School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P Chaudhury
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., and the School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Tchervenkov
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., and the School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P Metrakos
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., and the School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S A Doi
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., and the School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J S Barkun
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., and the School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Barnett
- From the Departments of Surgery and Anesthesia, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M J Marcaccio
- From the Departments of Surgery and Anesthesia, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ont
| | - J J Hankinson
- From the Departments of Surgery and Anesthesia, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ont
| | - L Ruo
- From the Departments of Surgery and Anesthesia, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Alawashez
- From the Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - J Ellsmere
- From the Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - A Neville
- From the McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M Boutros
- From the McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J Barkun
- From the McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M E Wiebe
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Sandhu
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J L Takata
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - E D Kennedy
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N N Baxter
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A R Gagliardi
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D R Urbach
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A C Wei
- From the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Chan
- From the Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Hospital, London Regional Cancer Program, Victoria Hospital, London, Ont
| | - W Kocha
- From the Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Hospital, London Regional Cancer Program, Victoria Hospital, London, Ont
| | - R Reid
- From the Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Hospital, London Regional Cancer Program, Victoria Hospital, London, Ont
| | - W Wall
- From the Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Hospital, London Regional Cancer Program, Victoria Hospital, London, Ont
| | - D Quan
- From the Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Hospital, London Regional Cancer Program, Victoria Hospital, London, Ont
| | - P Lovrics
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, and the Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Hodgson
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, and the Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Ghola
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, and the Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Franic
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, and the Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Goldsmith
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, and the Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - D McCready
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, and the Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Cornacchi
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, and the Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Garnett
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, and the Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Reedijk
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, and the Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - A S Scheer
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and the Weill Cornell Medical College, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - J I McSparron
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and the Weill Cornell Medical College, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A R Schulman
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and the Weill Cornell Medical College, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - S Tuorto
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and the Weill Cornell Medical College, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M Gonen
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and the Weill Cornell Medical College, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - J Gonsalves
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and the Weill Cornell Medical College, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Y Fong
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and the Weill Cornell Medical College, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - R A C Auer
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and the Weill Cornell Medical College, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - V Francescutti
- From the Department of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Coates
- From the Department of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - L Thabane
- From the Department of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - C H Goldsmith
- From the Department of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Levine
- From the Department of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Simunovic
- From the Department of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - D P Richardson
- From the Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - G Porter
- From the Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P M Johnson
- From the Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - M Leon-Carlyle
- From the Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, St. Michael's Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Schmocker
- From the Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, St. Michael's Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - B I O'Connor
- From the Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, St. Michael's Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J C Victor
- From the Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, St. Michael's Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N N Baxter
- From the Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, St. Michael's Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A J Smith
- From the Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, St. Michael's Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, St. Michael's Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - E D Kennedy
- From the Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, St. Michael's Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C H F Chan
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, and the Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - A Arabzadeh
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, and the Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L DeMarte
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, and the Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J D Spicer
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, and the Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - C Turbide
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, and the Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P Brodt
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, and the Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - N Beauchemin
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, and the Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Ferri
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, and the Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - F Zih
- From the Department of Surgical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Panzarella
- From the Department of Surgical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Hummel
- From the Department of Surgical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Petronis
- From the Department of Surgical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A McCart
- From the Department of Surgical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Swallow
- From the Department of Surgical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Mathieson
- From the Departments of Surgery and Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - P F Ridgway
- From the Departments of Surgery and Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Y J Ko
- From the Departments of Surgery and Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - A J Smith
- From the Departments of Surgery and Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Gieni
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - L Dickson
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - N Sne
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - R Avram
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - F Farrokhyar
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Smith
- From the Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centres, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - C Giacomantonio
- From the Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centres, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - D Hoskin
- From the Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centres, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - C Doyon
- From the Département de chirurgie oncologique et hépatobiliaire, Centres hospitaliers universitaires, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - G Martin
- From the Département de chirurgie oncologique et hépatobiliaire, Centres hospitaliers universitaires, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - E Patocskai
- From the Département de chirurgie oncologique et hépatobiliaire, Centres hospitaliers universitaires, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - S S Brar
- From the London School of Economics, London, UK, and the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - F Wright
- From the London School of Economics, London, UK, and the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the London School of Economics, London, UK, and the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A J Smith
- From the London School of Economics, London, UK, and the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D A Bischof
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - B Maier
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Fitch
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - F C Wright
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C R Baliski
- From the Departments of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Diagnostic Imaging, Kelowna General Hospital, BC Cancer Agency, Kelowna, BC
| | - A Kluftinger
- From the Departments of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Diagnostic Imaging, Kelowna General Hospital, BC Cancer Agency, Kelowna, BC
| | - M MacLeod
- From the Departments of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Diagnostic Imaging, Kelowna General Hospital, BC Cancer Agency, Kelowna, BC
| | - S Kwong
- From the Departments of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Diagnostic Imaging, Kelowna General Hospital, BC Cancer Agency, Kelowna, BC
| | - J M Racz
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - A Fortin
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - S Latosinsky
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - D E Messenger
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Pathology, Dr. Zane Cohen Clinical Research Centre, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Kirsch
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Pathology, Dr. Zane Cohen Clinical Research Centre, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Pathology, Dr. Zane Cohen Clinical Research Centre, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Aslani
- From the University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - B Heidary
- From the University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - K Lobo Prabhu
- From the University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Raval
- From the University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Brow
- From the University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - D P Richardson
- From the Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - G Porter
- From the Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P M Johnson
- From the Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - H Moloo
- From the Departments of Surgery and Epidemiology, The Ottawa Hospital and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Haggar
- From the Departments of Surgery and Epidemiology, The Ottawa Hospital and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Duhaime
- From the Departments of Surgery and Epidemiology, The Ottawa Hospital and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - B Hutton
- From the Departments of Surgery and Epidemiology, The Ottawa Hospital and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Grimshaw
- From the Departments of Surgery and Epidemiology, The Ottawa Hospital and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D Coyle
- From the Departments of Surgery and Epidemiology, The Ottawa Hospital and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From the Departments of Surgery and Epidemiology, The Ottawa Hospital and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the Departments of Surgery and Epidemiology, The Ottawa Hospital and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From the Departments of Surgery and Epidemiology, The Ottawa Hospital and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont
| | - B C Paun
- From the Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A A M Shaheen
- From the Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - E Dixon
- From the Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A R Maclean
- From the Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - W D Buie
- From the Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - F Moustarah
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - J Talarico
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - J Zink
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - P Gatmaitan
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - P Schauer
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - B Chand
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - S Brethauer
- From the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - G Martel
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, and the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Duhaime
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, and the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - C R Ramsay
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, and the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J S Barkun
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, and the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - D A Ferguson
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, and the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - R P Boushey
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, and the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - V N Palter
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - H M MacRae
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - T P Grantcharov
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - D E Messenger
- From the Department of General Surgery, Dr. Zane Cohen Clinical Research Centre, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - J C Victor
- From the Department of General Surgery, Dr. Zane Cohen Clinical Research Centre, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - B I O'Connor
- From the Department of General Surgery, Dr. Zane Cohen Clinical Research Centre, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - H M MacRae
- From the Department of General Surgery, Dr. Zane Cohen Clinical Research Centre, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the Department of General Surgery, Dr. Zane Cohen Clinical Research Centre, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Al-Sabah
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Charlebois
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - B Stein
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P A Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - A S Liberman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - A M Borowiec
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Karmal
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - I Apriasz
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Gastroenterology and Radiology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - B Mysliwiec
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Gastroenterology and Radiology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N Hussain
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Gastroenterology and Radiology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M Ott
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Gastroenterology and Radiology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R Reynolds
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Gastroenterology and Radiology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Lum
- From the Departments of General Surgery, Gastroenterology and Radiology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - L J Williams
- From the Department of Surgery, Regional Cancer Program, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Morash
- From the Department of Surgery, Regional Cancer Program, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Shin
- From the Department of Surgery, Regional Cancer Program, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Smylie
- From the Department of Surgery, Regional Cancer Program, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From the Department of Surgery, Regional Cancer Program, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From the Department of Surgery, Regional Cancer Program, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From the Department of Surgery, Regional Cancer Program, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the Department of Surgery, Regional Cancer Program, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Watters
- From the Department of Surgery, Regional Cancer Program, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Fung-Kee-Fung
- From the Department of Surgery, Regional Cancer Program, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From the Department of Surgery, Regional Cancer Program, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J S Pelletier
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, and the Department of Biostatistics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C J de Gara
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, and the Department of Biostatistics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J White
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, and the Department of Biostatistics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Ghosh
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, and the Department of Biostatistics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D Schiller
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, and the Department of Biostatistics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Drolet
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - E O Paolucci
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J Heine
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - W D Buie
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A R Maclean
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A Barnes
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Liang
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A E Klevan
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A A Dalvi
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - J A Ramsay
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - W J Stephen
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - C Nhan
- From the Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D K Driman
- From the Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Raby
- From the Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A J Smith
- From the Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Hunter
- From the Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Srigley
- From the Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, and the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Zolfaghari
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Friedlich
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H S Stern
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From the Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A S Scheer
- From the Division of General Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From the Division of General Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Liang
- From the Division of General Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Doucette
- From the Division of General Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A M O'Connor
- From the Division of General Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D Moher
- From the Division of General Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
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Nenshi R, Kennedy E, Baxter NN, Saskin R, Sutradhar R, Urbach DR, Sroka G, Feldman LS, Vassiliou MC, Kaneva PA, Fayez R, Fried GM, Krajewski SA, Brown CJ, Hur C, McCrea PH, Mitchell A, Porter G, Grushka J, Razek T, Khwaja K, Fata P, Martel G, Moloo H, Picciano G, Boushey RP, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Haas B, Xiong W, Brennan-Barnes M, Gomez D, Nathens AB, Yang I, Forbes SS, Stephen WJ, Loeb M, Smith R, Christoffersen EP, McLean RF, Westerholm J, Garcia-Osogobio S, Farrokhyar F, Cadeddu M, Anvari M, Ponton-Carss A, Hutchison C, Violato C, Segedi M, Mittleman M, Fisman D, Kinlin L, Rousseau M, Saleh W, Ferri LE, Feldman LS, Stanbridge DD, Mayrand S, Fried GM, Pandya A, Gagliardi A, Nathens A, Ahmed N, Tran T, Demyttenaere SV, Polyhronopoulos G, Seguin C, Artho GP, Kaneva P, Fried GM, Feldman LS, Demyttenaere SV, Bergman S, Anderson J, Mikami DJ, Melvin WS, Racz JM, Dubois L, Katchky A, Wall WJ, Faryniuk A, Hochman D, Clarkson CA, Rubiano AM, Clarkson CA, Boone D, Ball CG, Dixon E, Kirkpatrick AW, Sutherland FR, Feliciano DV, Wyrzykowski AD, Nicholas JM, Dente CJ, Ball CG, Feliciano DV, Ullah SM, McAlister VC, Malik S, Ramsey D, Pooler S, Teague B, Misra M, Cadeddu M, Anvari M, Kaminsky M, Vergis A, Gillman LM, Gillman LM, Vergis A, Altaf A, Ellsmere J, Bonjer HJ, Klassen D, Orzech N, Palter V, Aggarwal R, Okrainec A, Grantcharov TP, Ghaderi I, Feldman LS, Sroka G, Kaneva PA, Fried GM, Shlomovitz E, Reznick RK, Kucharczyk W, Lee L, Iqbal S, Barayan H, Lu Y, Fata P, Razek T, Khwaja K, Boora PS, White JS, Vogt KN, Charyk-Stewart T, Minuk L, Eckert K, Chin-Yee I, Gray D, Parry N, Humphrey RJ, Bütter A, Schmidt J, Grieci T, Gagnon R, Han V, Duhaime S, Pitt DF, Palter V, Orzech N, Aggarwal R, Okrainec A, Grantcharov TP, Dubois L, Vogt KN, Davies W, Schlachta CM, Shi X, Birch DW, Gu Y, Moser MA, Swanson TW, Schaeffer DF, Tang BQ, Rusnak CH, Amson BJ, Vogt KN, Dubois L, Hobbs A, Etemad-Rezai R, Schlachta CM, Claydon E, McAlister V, Grushka J, Sur W, Laberge JM, Tchervenkov J, Bell L, Flageole H, Labidi S, Gagné JP, Gowing R, Kahnamoui K, McAlister CC, Marble A, Coughlin S, Karanicolas P, Emmerton-Coughlin H, Kanbur B, Kanbur S, Colquhoun P, Trottier DC, Doucette S, Huynh H, Soto CM, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Boushey RP, Jamal MH, Rousseau M, Meterissian S, Snell L, Racz JM, Davies E, Aminazadeh N, Farrokhyar F, Reid S, Naeeni A, Naeeni M, Kashfi A, Kahnamoui K, Martin K, Weir M, Taylor B, Martin KM, Girotti MJ, Parry NG, Hanna WC, Fraser S, Weissglas I, Ghitulescu G, Bilek A, Marek J, Galatas C, Bergman S, Chiu CG, Nguyen NH, Bloom SW, Wiebe S, Klassen D, Bonjer J, Lawlor D, Plowman J, Ransom T, Vallis M, Ellsmere J, Menezes AC, Karmali S, Birch DW, Forbes SS, Eskicioglu C, Brenneman FD, McLeod RS, Fraser SA, Bergman S, Garzon J, Gomez D, Lawless B, Haas B, Nathens AB, Lumb KJ, Harkness L, Williamson J, Charyk-Stewart T, Gray D, Malthaner RA, Van Koughnett JA, Vogt KN, Gray DK, Parry NG, Teague B, Cadeddu M, Anvari M, Misra M, Pooler S, Malik S, Swain P, Chackungal S, Vogt KN, Yoshy C, Etemad-Rezai R, Cunningham I, Dubois L, Schlachta CM, Scott L, Vinden C, Okrainec A, Henao O, Azzie G, Deen S, Hameed M, Ramirez V, Veillette C, Bray P, Jewett M, Okrainec A, Pagliarello G, Brenneman F, Buczkowski A, Nathens A, Razek T, Widder S, Anderson I, Klassen D, Saadia R, Johner A, Hameed SM, Qureshi AP, Vergis A, Jimenez CM, Green J, Pryor AD, Schlachta CM, Okrainec A, Perri MT, Trejos AL, Naish MD, Patel RV, Malthaner RA, Stanger J, Stewart K, Yasui Y, Cass C, Damaraju S, Graham K, Bharadwaj S, Srinathan S, Tan L, Unruh H, Finley C, Miller L, Ferri LE, Urbach DR, Darling G, Spicer J, Ergun S, McDonald B, Rousseau M, Kaneva P, Ferri LE, Spicer J, Andalib A, Benay C, Rousseau M, Kushner Y, Marcus V, Ferri LE, Hunt I, Gazala S, Razzak R, Chuck A, Valji A, Stewart K, Tsuyuki R, Bédard ELR, Bottoni DA, Campbell G, Malthaner RA, Rousseau M, Guevremont P, Chasen M, Spicer J, Eckert E, Alcindor T, Ades S, Ferri LE, McGory R, Nagpal D, Fortin D, Inculet RI, Malthaner RA, Ko M, Shargall Y, Compeau C, Razzak R, Gazala S, Hunt I, Veenstra J, Valji A, Stewart K, Bédard ELR, Davis PJ, Mancuso M, Mujoomdar AA, Gazala S, Bédard ELR, Lee L, Spicer J, Robineau C, Sirois C, Mulder D, Ferri LE, Cools-Lartigue J, Chang SY, Mayrand S, Marcus V, Fried GM, Ferri LE, Perry T, Hunt I, Allegretto M, Maguire C, Abele J, Williams D, Stewart K, Bédard ELR, Grover HS, Basi S, Chiasson P, Basi S, Gregory W, Irshad K, Schieman C, MacGregor JH, Kelly E, Gelfand G, Graham AJ, McFadden SP, Grondin SC, Croome KP, Chudzinski R, Hanto DW, Jamal MH, Doi SA, Barkun JS, Wong SL, Kwan AHL, Yang S, Law C, Luo Y, Spiers J, Forse A, Taylor W, Apriasz I, Mysliwiec B, Sarin N, Gregor J, Moulton CE, McLeod RS, Barnett H, Nhan C, Gallinger S, Demyttenaere SV, Nau P, Muscarella P, Melvin WS, Ellison EC, Wiseman SM, Melck AL, Davidge KM, Eskicioglu C, Lipa J, Ferguson P, Swallow CJ, Wright FC, Edwards JP, Kelly EJ, Lin Y, Lenders T, Ghali WA, Graham A, Francescutti V, Farrokhyar F, Tozer R, Heller B, Lovrics P, Jansz G, Kahnamoui K, Spiegle G, Schmocker S, Huang H, Victor C, Law C, Kennedy ED, McCart JA, Aslani N, Swanson T, Kennecke H, Woods R, Davis N, Klevan AE, Ramsay JA, Stephen WJ, Smith M, Plourde M, Johnson PM, Yaffe P, Walsh M, Hoskin D, Huynh HP, Trottier DC, Soto C, Auer R, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Boushey RP, Moloo H, Huynh HP, Trottier DC, Soto C, Moloo H, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Boushey RP, Nhan C, Driman DK, Smith AJ, Hunter A, McLeod RS, Eskicioglu C, Fenech DS, Victor C, McLeod RS, Trottier DC, Huynh H, Sabri E, Soto C, Scheer A, Zolfaghari S, Moloo H, Mamazza J, Poulin EC, Boushey RP, Hallet J, Guénette-Lemieux M, Bouchard A, Grégoire RC, Thibault C, Dionne G, Côté F, Langis P, Gagné JP, Raval MJ, Phang PT, Brown CJ, Kuzmanovic A, Planting A, Raval MJ, Phang PT, Brown CJ, Huynh HP, Trottier DC, Moloo H, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Friedlich M, Stern HS, Boushey RP, Tang BQ, Moloo H, Bleier J, Goldberg SM, Alsharif J, Martel G, Bouchard A, Sabri E, Ramsay CR, Mamazza J, Poulin EC, Boushey RP, Richardson D, Porter G, Johnson P, Al-Sukhni E, Ridgway PF, O'Connor B, McLeod RS, Swallow CJ, Forbes SS, Urbach DR, Sutradhar R, Paszat L, Rabeneck L, Baxter NN, Chung W, Ko D, Sun C, Brown CJ, Raval M, Phang PT, Pao JS, Woods R, Raval MJ, Phang PT, Brown CJ, Power A, Francescutti V, Ramsey D, Kelly S, Stephen W, Simunovic M, Coates A, Goldsmith CH, Thabane L, Reeson D, Smith AJ, McLeod RS, DeNardi F, Whelan TJ, Levine MN, Al-Khayal KA, Buie WD, Wallace L, Sigalet D, Eskicioglu C, Gagliardi A, Fenech DS, Victor C, McLeod RS. Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Association of General Surgeons Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons Canadian Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Society Canadian Society of Surgical Oncology Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons: Victoria, BC Sept. 10-13, 2009. Can J Surg 2009; 52:S1-S48. [PMID: 35488397 PMCID: PMC2726442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Nenshi
- From the Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - E Kennedy
- From the Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - N N Baxter
- From the Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Saskin
- From the Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Sutradhar
- From the Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - D R Urbach
- From the Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Sroka
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M C Vassiliou
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P A Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - R Fayez
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S A Krajewski
- From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, and the Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - C J Brown
- From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, and the Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - C Hur
- From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, and the Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - P H McCrea
- From the Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - A Mitchell
- From the Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - G Porter
- From the Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - J Grushka
- From the Division of General Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - T Razek
- From the Division of General Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - K Khwaja
- From the Division of General Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P Fata
- From the Division of General Surgery, Montréal General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G Martel
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - G Picciano
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - B Haas
- From the Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - W Xiong
- From the Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Brennan-Barnes
- From the Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D Gomez
- From the Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A B Nathens
- From the Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ont
| | - I Yang
- From the Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S S Forbes
- From the Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ont
| | - W J Stephen
- From the Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Loeb
- From the Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ont
| | - R Smith
- From the Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ont
| | - E P Christoffersen
- From the Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ont
| | - R F McLean
- From the Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ont
| | - J Westerholm
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Garcia-Osogobio
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - F Farrokhyar
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Cadeddu
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Anvari
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Ponton-Carss
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - C Hutchison
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - C Violato
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - M Segedi
- From the Harvard School of Public Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, and The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Mittleman
- From the Harvard School of Public Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, and The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Fisman
- From the Harvard School of Public Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, and The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Kinlin
- From the Harvard School of Public Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, and The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Rousseau
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - W Saleh
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Ferri
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - D D Stanbridge
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Mayrand
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - A Pandya
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Gagliardi
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Nathens
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Ahmed
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Tran
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S V Demyttenaere
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | | | - C Seguin
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G P Artho
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P Kaneva
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S V Demyttenaere
- From the Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Bergman
- From the Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J Anderson
- From the Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - D J Mikami
- From the Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - W S Melvin
- From the Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J M Racz
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - L Dubois
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Katchky
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - W J Wall
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Faryniuk
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Hochman
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - C A Clarkson
- From the Neiva City University Hospital, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - A M Rubiano
- From the Neiva City University Hospital, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - C A Clarkson
- From the Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - D Boone
- From the Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL
| | - C G Ball
- From the Departments of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - E Dixon
- From the Departments of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A W Kirkpatrick
- From the Departments of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - F R Sutherland
- From the Departments of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - D V Feliciano
- From the Departments of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga., and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A D Wyrzykowski
- From the Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - J M Nicholas
- From the Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - C J Dente
- From the Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - C G Ball
- From the Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - D V Feliciano
- From the Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - S M Ullah
- From the Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - V C McAlister
- From the Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - S Malik
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - D Ramsey
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Pooler
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - B Teague
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Misra
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Cadeddu
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Anvari
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Kaminsky
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the Department of Critical Care Medicine and Regional Trauma Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., and the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Vergis
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the Department of Critical Care Medicine and Regional Trauma Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., and the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L M Gillman
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the Department of Critical Care Medicine and Regional Trauma Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., and the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L M Gillman
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Regional Trauma Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., and the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Vergis
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Regional Trauma Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., and the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Altaf
- From the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - J Ellsmere
- From the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - H J Bonjer
- From the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - D Klassen
- From the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - N Orzech
- From the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College, London, Ont
| | - V Palter
- From the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College, London, Ont
| | - R Aggarwal
- From the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College, London, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College, London, Ont
| | - T P Grantcharov
- From the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College, London, Ont
| | - I Ghaderi
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - L S Feldman
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - G Sroka
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - P A Kaneva
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - G M Fried
- From the Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., and the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - E Shlomovitz
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R K Reznick
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - W Kucharczyk
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Lee
- From the Departments of Surgery and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Iqbal
- From the Departments of Surgery and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - H Barayan
- From the Departments of Surgery and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - Y Lu
- From the Departments of Surgery and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Fata
- From the Departments of Surgery and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - T Razek
- From the Departments of Surgery and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - K Khwaja
- From the Departments of Surgery and Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P S Boora
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J S White
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - K N Vogt
- From the Divisions of General Surgery and Hematology, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - T Charyk-Stewart
- From the Divisions of General Surgery and Hematology, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - L Minuk
- From the Divisions of General Surgery and Hematology, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - K Eckert
- From the Divisions of General Surgery and Hematology, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - I Chin-Yee
- From the Divisions of General Surgery and Hematology, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - D Gray
- From the Divisions of General Surgery and Hematology, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - N Parry
- From the Divisions of General Surgery and Hematology, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - R J Humphrey
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Bütter
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - J Schmidt
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - T Grieci
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R Gagnon
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - V Han
- From the Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - S Duhaime
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D F Pitt
- From the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - V Palter
- From the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, and Imperial College, London, Ont
| | - N Orzech
- From the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, and Imperial College, London, Ont
| | - R Aggarwal
- From the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, and Imperial College, London, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, and Imperial College, London, Ont
| | - T P Grantcharov
- From the Departments of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, and Imperial College, London, Ont
| | - L Dubois
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K N Vogt
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - W Davies
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - X Shi
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Y Gu
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - M A Moser
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - T W Swanson
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - D F Schaeffer
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - B Q Tang
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C H Rusnak
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - B J Amson
- From the Department of Surgery, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, BC, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - K N Vogt
- From the Divisions of General Surgery and Radiology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - L Dubois
- From the Divisions of General Surgery and Radiology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - A Hobbs
- From the Divisions of General Surgery and Radiology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - R Etemad-Rezai
- From the Divisions of General Surgery and Radiology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- From the Divisions of General Surgery and Radiology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - E Claydon
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - V McAlister
- From the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - J Grushka
- From the Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Montréal Children's Hospital, and the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - W Sur
- From the Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Montréal Children's Hospital, and the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J-M Laberge
- From the Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Montréal Children's Hospital, and the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J Tchervenkov
- From the Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Montréal Children's Hospital, and the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L Bell
- From the Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Montréal Children's Hospital, and the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - H Flageole
- From the Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Montréal Children's Hospital, and the Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Labidi
- From the Québec Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - J P Gagné
- From the Québec Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - R Gowing
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - K Kahnamoui
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - C C McAlister
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - A Marble
- From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - S Coughlin
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | | | | | - B Kanbur
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - S Kanbur
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - P Colquhoun
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - D C Trottier
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Doucette
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Huynh
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - C M Soto
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M H Jamal
- From the Centre for Medical Education, Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M Rousseau
- From the Centre for Medical Education, Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Meterissian
- From the Centre for Medical Education, Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L Snell
- From the Centre for Medical Education, Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J M Racz
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - E Davies
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N Aminazadeh
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - F Farrokhyar
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Reid
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Naeeni
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Naeeni
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Kashfi
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - K Kahnamoui
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - K Martin
- From the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - M Weir
- From the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - B Taylor
- From the London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - K M Martin
- From the London Health Sciences Centre, Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M J Girotti
- From the London Health Sciences Centre, Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N G Parry
- From the London Health Sciences Centre, Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - W C Hanna
- From the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Fraser
- From the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - I Weissglas
- From the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G Ghitulescu
- From the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - A Bilek
- From the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J Marek
- From the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - C Galatas
- From the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Bergman
- From the Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - C G Chiu
- From the Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - N H Nguyen
- From the Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - S W Bloom
- From the Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - S Wiebe
- From the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (QEIIHSC), Halifax, NS
| | - D Klassen
- From the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (QEIIHSC), Halifax, NS
| | - J Bonjer
- From the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (QEIIHSC), Halifax, NS
| | - D Lawlor
- From the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (QEIIHSC), Halifax, NS
| | - J Plowman
- From the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (QEIIHSC), Halifax, NS
| | - T Ransom
- From the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (QEIIHSC), Halifax, NS
| | - M Vallis
- From the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (QEIIHSC), Halifax, NS
| | - J Ellsmere
- From the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (QEIIHSC), Halifax, NS
| | - A C Menezes
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Alberta Health Services, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Karmali
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Alberta Health Services, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Alberta Health Services, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S S Forbes
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Eskicioglu
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - F D Brenneman
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S A Fraser
- From the Department of General Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Bergman
- From the Department of General Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J Garzon
- From the Department of General Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - D Gomez
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - B Lawless
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - B Haas
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A B Nathens
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K J Lumb
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - L Harkness
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - J Williamson
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - T Charyk-Stewart
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - D Gray
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - R A Malthaner
- From the Department of Surgery, Trauma Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - J A Van Koughnett
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K N Vogt
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - D K Gray
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N G Parry
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - B Teague
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Cadeddu
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Anvari
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Misra
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Pooler
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Malik
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - P Swain
- From the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Chackungal
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Radiology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K N Vogt
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Radiology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C Yoshy
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Radiology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R Etemad-Rezai
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Radiology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - I Cunningham
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Radiology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - L Dubois
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Radiology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Radiology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - L Scott
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Radiology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C Vinden
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Radiology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - O Henao
- From the Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Azzie
- From the Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Deen
- From the Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Hameed
- From the Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - V Ramirez
- From the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Veillette
- From the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Bray
- From the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Jewett
- From the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Okrainec
- From the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Pagliarello
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que, Dalhousie University, CAGS Committee on Acute Surgery and Critical Care, Halifax, NS
| | - F Brenneman
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que, Dalhousie University, CAGS Committee on Acute Surgery and Critical Care, Halifax, NS
| | - A Buczkowski
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que, Dalhousie University, CAGS Committee on Acute Surgery and Critical Care, Halifax, NS
| | - A Nathens
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que, Dalhousie University, CAGS Committee on Acute Surgery and Critical Care, Halifax, NS
| | - T Razek
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que, Dalhousie University, CAGS Committee on Acute Surgery and Critical Care, Halifax, NS
| | - S Widder
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que, Dalhousie University, CAGS Committee on Acute Surgery and Critical Care, Halifax, NS
| | - I Anderson
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que, Dalhousie University, CAGS Committee on Acute Surgery and Critical Care, Halifax, NS
| | - D Klassen
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que, Dalhousie University, CAGS Committee on Acute Surgery and Critical Care, Halifax, NS
| | - R Saadia
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que, Dalhousie University, CAGS Committee on Acute Surgery and Critical Care, Halifax, NS
| | - A Johner
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que, Dalhousie University, CAGS Committee on Acute Surgery and Critical Care, Halifax, NS
| | - S M Hameed
- From the Departments of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., McGill University, Montréal, Que, Dalhousie University, CAGS Committee on Acute Surgery and Critical Care, Halifax, NS
| | - A P Qureshi
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, the Departments of Surgery and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - A Vergis
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, the Departments of Surgery and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - C M Jimenez
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, the Departments of Surgery and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - J Green
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, the Departments of Surgery and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - A D Pryor
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, the Departments of Surgery and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - C M Schlachta
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, the Departments of Surgery and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - A Okrainec
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, the Departments of Surgery and Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - M T Perri
- From CSTAR, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A L Trejos
- From CSTAR, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M D Naish
- From CSTAR, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R V Patel
- From CSTAR, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R A Malthaner
- From CSTAR, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - J Stanger
- From the Department of Surgery, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - K Stewart
- From the Department of Surgery, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - Y Yasui
- From the Department of Surgery, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Cass
- From the Department of Surgery, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Damaraju
- From the Department of Surgery, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - K Graham
- From the Department of Surgery, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Bharadwaj
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - S Srinathan
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - L Tan
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - H Unruh
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - C Finley
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Miller
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L E Ferri
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D R Urbach
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Darling
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Spicer
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Ergun
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - B McDonald
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Rousseau
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Kaneva
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Ferri
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - J Spicer
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - A Andalib
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - C Benay
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Rousseau
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - Y Kushner
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - V Marcus
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Ferri
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - I Hunt
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Cardiology, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Gazala
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Cardiology, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R Razzak
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Cardiology, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Chuck
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Cardiology, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Valji
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Cardiology, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - K Stewart
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Cardiology, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R Tsuyuki
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Cardiology, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - E L R Bédard
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Cardiology, University of Alberta, Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D A Bottoni
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - G Campbell
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R A Malthaner
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M Rousseau
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P Guevremont
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Chasen
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - J Spicer
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - E Eckert
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - T Alcindor
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S Ades
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Ferri
- From the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - R McGory
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - D Nagpal
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - D Fortin
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - R I Inculet
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - R A Malthaner
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont
| | - M Ko
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, St. Joseph's Health Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Y Shargall
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, St. Joseph's Health Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Compeau
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, St. Joseph's Health Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Razzak
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - S Gazala
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - I Hunt
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J Veenstra
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - A Valji
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - K Stewart
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - E L R Bédard
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - P J Davis
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Moncton Hospital, Moncton, NB, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - M Mancuso
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Moncton Hospital, Moncton, NB, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - A A Mujoomdar
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Moncton Hospital, Moncton, NB, and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - S Gazala
- From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | | | - L Lee
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - J Spicer
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - C Robineau
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - C Sirois
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - D Mulder
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Ferri
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - J Cools-Lartigue
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S-Y Chang
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Mayrand
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - V Marcus
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Ferri
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - T Perry
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - I Hunt
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - M Allegretto
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Maguire
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J Abele
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D Williams
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - K Stewart
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - E L R Bédard
- From the Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - H S Grover
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Basi
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - P Chiasson
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Basi
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - W Gregory
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - K Irshad
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - C Schieman
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J H MacGregor
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - E Kelly
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - G Gelfand
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A J Graham
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S P McFadden
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S C Grondin
- From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - K P Croome
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Center for Transplant Outcomes and Quality Improvement, The Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - R Chudzinski
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Center for Transplant Outcomes and Quality Improvement, The Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - D W Hanto
- From the Department of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Center for Transplant Outcomes and Quality Improvement, The Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - M H Jamal
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S A Doi
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J S Barkun
- From the Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que., School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S L Wong
- From the Department of Surgery, Health Science Centre, St. John's, NL
| | - A H L Kwan
- From the Department of Surgery, Health Science Centre, St. John's, NL
| | - S Yang
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Law
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Y Luo
- From the Hôtel-Dieu Grace Hospital, Windsor, Ont
| | - J Spiers
- From the Hôtel-Dieu Grace Hospital, Windsor, Ont
| | - A Forse
- From the Hôtel-Dieu Grace Hospital, Windsor, Ont
| | - W Taylor
- From the Hôtel-Dieu Grace Hospital, Windsor, Ont
| | - I Apriasz
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - B Mysliwiec
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - N Sarin
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - J Gregor
- From the Departments of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C E Moulton
- From Cancer Care Ontario HPB Surgical Oncology Community of Practice, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From Cancer Care Ontario HPB Surgical Oncology Community of Practice, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Barnett
- From Cancer Care Ontario HPB Surgical Oncology Community of Practice, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Nhan
- From Cancer Care Ontario HPB Surgical Oncology Community of Practice, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Gallinger
- From Cancer Care Ontario HPB Surgical Oncology Community of Practice, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - S V Demyttenaere
- From the Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Centre, Columbus, Ohio
| | - P Nau
- From the Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Centre, Columbus, Ohio
| | - P Muscarella
- From the Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Centre, Columbus, Ohio
| | - W S Melvin
- From the Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Centre, Columbus, Ohio
| | - E C Ellison
- From the Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Centre, Columbus, Ohio
| | - S M Wiseman
- From St. Paul's Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A L Melck
- From St. Paul's Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - K M Davidge
- From the Divisions of Plastic, Orthopedic, and General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Eskicioglu
- From the Divisions of Plastic, Orthopedic, and General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Lipa
- From the Divisions of Plastic, Orthopedic, and General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Ferguson
- From the Divisions of Plastic, Orthopedic, and General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C J Swallow
- From the Divisions of Plastic, Orthopedic, and General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - F C Wright
- From the Divisions of Plastic, Orthopedic, and General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J P Edwards
- From the Department of Surgery, Medicine, Community Health Sciences, Health Information Network Calgary, Centre for Health Policy Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - E J Kelly
- From the Department of Surgery, Medicine, Community Health Sciences, Health Information Network Calgary, Centre for Health Policy Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Y Lin
- From the Department of Surgery, Medicine, Community Health Sciences, Health Information Network Calgary, Centre for Health Policy Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - T Lenders
- From the Department of Surgery, Medicine, Community Health Sciences, Health Information Network Calgary, Centre for Health Policy Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - W A Ghali
- From the Department of Surgery, Medicine, Community Health Sciences, Health Information Network Calgary, Centre for Health Policy Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A Graham
- From the Department of Surgery, Medicine, Community Health Sciences, Health Information Network Calgary, Centre for Health Policy Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - V Francescutti
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - F Farrokhyar
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - R Tozer
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - B Heller
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - P Lovrics
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - G Jansz
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - K Kahnamoui
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Medical Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - G Spiegle
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Schmocker
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Huang
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Victor
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Law
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - E D Kennedy
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J A McCart
- From the Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Aslani
- From the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - T Swanson
- From the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - H Kennecke
- From the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - R Woods
- From the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - N Davis
- From the British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - A E Klevan
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - J A Ramsay
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - W J Stephen
- From the Departments of Surgery, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Smith
- From the Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - M Plourde
- From the Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P M Johnson
- From the Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P Yaffe
- From the Departments of Medical Sciences, Surgery, Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - M Walsh
- From the Departments of Medical Sciences, Surgery, Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - D Hoskin
- From the Departments of Medical Sciences, Surgery, Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - H P Huynh
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D C Trottier
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - C Soto
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Auer
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H P Huynh
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D C Trottier
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - C Soto
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - C Nhan
- From the Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - D K Driman
- From the Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A J Smith
- From the Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Hunter
- From the Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the Surgical Oncology Program, Cancer Care Ontario, the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, and the Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - C Eskicioglu
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D S Fenech
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Victor
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D C Trottier
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Huynh
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Sabri
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - C Soto
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Scheer
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Zolfaghari
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Hallet
- From the Centre de chirurgie minimalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - M Guénette-Lemieux
- From the Centre de chirurgie minimalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - A Bouchard
- From the Centre de chirurgie minimalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - R C Grégoire
- From the Centre de chirurgie minimalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - C Thibault
- From the Centre de chirurgie minimalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - G Dionne
- From the Centre de chirurgie minimalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - F Côté
- From the Centre de chirurgie minimalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - P Langis
- From the Centre de chirurgie minimalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - J-P Gagné
- From the Centre de chirurgie minimalement invasive de Québec, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - M J Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C J Brown
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Kuzmanovic
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Planting
- From the Department of Colorectal Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M J Raval
- From the Department of Colorectal Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the Department of Colorectal Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C J Brown
- From the Department of Colorectal Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - H P Huynh
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D C Trottier
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - M Friedlich
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H S Stern
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - B Q Tang
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC
| | - H Moloo
- From the Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and the Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - J Bleier
- From the Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and the Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - S M Goldberg
- From the Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., the Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., and the Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - J Alsharif
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - G Martel
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Bouchard
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Sabri
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - C R Ramsay
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- From the Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Group, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D Richardson
- From the Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - G Porter
- From the Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P Johnson
- From the Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - E Al-Sukhni
- From the Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P F Ridgway
- From the Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - B O'Connor
- From the Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C J Swallow
- From the Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S S Forbes
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D R Urbach
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Sutradhar
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Paszat
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Rabeneck
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N N Baxter
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - W Chung
- From the Division of General Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - D Ko
- From the Division of General Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C Sun
- From the Division of General Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C J Brown
- From the Division of General Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Raval
- From the Division of General Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the Division of General Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J S Pao
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - R Woods
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - M J Raval
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - C J Brown
- From the Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC
| | - A Power
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - V Francescutti
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - D Ramsey
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - S Kelly
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - W Stephen
- From the Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M Simunovic
- From the Department of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Coates
- From the Department of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - C H Goldsmith
- From the Department of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - L Thabane
- From the Department of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - D Reeson
- From the Department of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A J Smith
- From the Department of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the Department of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - F DeNardi
- From the Department of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - T J Whelan
- From the Department of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M N Levine
- From the Department of Surgery, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - K A Al-Khayal
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - W D Buie
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - L Wallace
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - D Sigalet
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - C Eskicioglu
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Gagliardi
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D S Fenech
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Victor
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- From the Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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Lin AW, Trejos AL, Mohan S, Bassan H, Kashigar A, Patel RV, Malthaner RA. Electromagnetic navigation improves minimally invasive robot-assisted lung brachytherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 13:114-23. [PMID: 18317960 DOI: 10.3109/10929080801969725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent advances in minimally invasive thoracic surgery have renewed an interest in the role of interstitial brachytherapy for lung cancer. Our previous work has demonstrated that a minimally invasive robot-assisted (MIRA) lung brachytherapy system produced results that were equal to or better than those obtained with standard video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and comparable to results with open surgery. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the performance of an integrated system for MIRA lung brachytherapy that incorporated modified electromagnetic navigation and ultrasound image guidance with robotic assistance. METHODS The experimental test-bed consisted of a VATS box, ZEUS and AESOP surgical robotic arms, a seed injector, an ultrasound machine, video monitors, a computer, and an endoscope. Our previous custom-designed electromagnetic navigational software and the robotic controller were modified and incorporated into the MIRA III system to become the next-generation MIRA IV. Inactive brachytherapy seeds were injected as close as possible to a small metal ball target embedded in an opaque agar cube. The completion time, the number of attempts, and the accuracy of seed deployment were compared for manual placement, standard VATS, MIRA III, and the new MIRA IV system. RESULTS The MIRA IV system significantly reduced the median procedure time by 61% (104 s to 41 s), tissue trauma by 75% (4 attempts to 1 attempt), and mean seed placement error by 64% (2.5 mm to 0.9 mm) when compared to a standard VATS. MIRA IV also reduced the mean procedure time by 48% (85 s to 44 s) and the seed placement error by 68% (2.8 mm to 0.9 mm) compared to the MIRA III system. CONCLUSIONS A modified integrated system for performing minimally invasive robot-assisted lung brachytherapy was developed that incorporated electromagnetic navigation and an improved robotic controller. The MIRA IV system performed significantly better than standard VATS and better than MIRA III.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Lin
- Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics, London, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Tavakoli M, Aziminejad A, Patel RV, Moallem M. Tool/tissue interaction feedback modalities in robot-assisted lump localization. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2008; 2006:3854-7. [PMID: 17946205 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.260672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Providing a surgeon with information regarding contacts made between tools and tissue during robot-assisted interventions can improve task efficiency and reliability. It is hypothesized that various modalities of contact feedback have the potential to enhance performance in a robot-assisted minimally invasive environment. In this paper, (kinesthetic) haptic feedback is compared with visual feedback of haptic information in terms of several performance metrics. Using a haptics-capable master-slave test-bed for endoscopic surgery, experiments involving a lump localization task are conducted and the performance of human subjects is compared for these two modalities of contact feedback. It is shown that the two feedback modalities result in comparable localization accuracies--an advantage of visual haptic feedback due to the lower system complexity required--while the task completion times are significantly shorter with haptic feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tavakoli
- London Health Sci. Centre, Canadian Surg. Technol. & Adv. Robotics, London, Ont
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17
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Crawford MJ, Dy CJ, Alexander JW, Thompson M, Schroder SJ, Vega CE, Patel RV, Miller AR, McCarthy JC, Lowe WR, Noble PC. The 2007 Frank Stinchfield Award. The biomechanics of the hip labrum and the stability of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2007; 465:16-22. [PMID: 17906586 DOI: 10.1097/blo.0b013e31815b181f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We explored the mechanical factors leading to the formation of labral tears and the effect of these lesions on hip kinematics at the extremes of joint motion. Using a 3D motion analysis system, the stability of six cadaveric hips was measured during loading maneuvers known to impose anterior loads on the joint margin. These measurements were repeated following venting of the capsule, and after creation of a 15-mm tear in the intact labrum. Compared to the intact hip, 43% and 60% less force was required to distract the femur by 3 mm after venting and creation of a tear. An ER torque of 177 in-lbf in 30 degrees of flexion caused the vented and torn specimens to rotate 1.5 degrees +/- 2.7 degrees and 7.1 degrees +/- 4.7 degrees more than the intact specimen, and the femoral head to displace 1.21 +/- 0.53 mm and 0.67 +/- 0.35 mm, respectively. A breach of the integrity of labral function is shown to lead to decreased femoral stability relative to the acetabulum during extreme ranges of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Crawford
- The Barnhart Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Patel
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, North East Thames Rotation, London
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19
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Devon KM, Vergara O, Victor JC, Swallow CJ, Cohen Z, Gryfe R, MacRae HM, McLeod RS, Murata A, Phang PT, Jones K, Merritt N, Belliveau P, Hurlbut D, Scheer A, Sabri E, Moloo H, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Boushey R, Brown CJ, Zhang H, Gallinger S, Gryfe R, McLeod RS, Walters TD, Steinhart AH, Bernstein C, Tremaine W, Wolff BG, Ross S, Parkes R, McKenzie M, McLeod RS, Richardson D, deMontbrun S, McIntyre PB, Johnson PM, Shum J, Colquhoun PHD, Taylor BM, Polyhronopoulos GN, Feldman LS, McCluney AL, Buithieu J, Martinie J, Metrakos P, Fried GM, Chiasson PM, Burpee SE, Corrigan R, Manson P, Omiccioli A, Singh R, Hegge SG, McKinley CA, Lemieux P, Rhéaume P, Lévesque I, Bujold E, Brochu G, Mrad BA, Stoklossa CJ, Birch DW, Chen J, Christou NV, Turcotte S, Forget MA, Beauseigle D, Lapointe R, Garzon PM, Shah SA, Wei AC, Girgrah N, Levy GA, Wong P, Lilly LB, Grant DR, Cattral MS, McGilvary I, Greig PD, Tawadros PS, Wang Z, Birch S, Szaszi K, Kapus A, Rotstein OD, Mihailovic A, Nansamba C, Coyte P, Howar A, Urbach D, Govindarajan A, Cranford V, Wirtzfeld D, Gallinger S, Law CHL, Smith AJ, Gagliardi AR, Haggar F, Moloo H, Grimshaw J, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Boushey RP, McConnell Y, Johnson P, Porter G, Govindarajan A, Kiss A, Rabeneck L, Smith AJ, Hodgson D, Law CHL, White C, Taylor MC, Borowiec AM, Fedorak RN, Polyhronopoulos GN, Feldman LS, Kaneva PA, Fried GM, Keshoofy M, Gutauskas A, Smith RF, Christou NV, Al-Sabah S, Ladouceur M, Christou NV, Thompson SK, Ruszkiewicz AR, Jamieson GG, Wijnhoven BPL, Game PA, Devitt PG, Watson DI, Poole B, Ehlen TG, Davis NL, Tuma F, Smith T, Hamoud M, Elfeitori A, Boushey R, Poulin E, Mamazza J, MacKenzie JR, Teel W, Reinhartz A, Schieman J, Brophy J, Hsu KE, Ferri LE, Feldman LS, Fried GM, Hsu KE, Man FY, Gizicki RA, Feldman LS, Fried GM, Taylor MC, Bruce S, Burtally A, Brochu G, Gagné JP, Martel G, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Boushey RP, Deen S, Griffith O, Masoudi H, Wiseman SM, Cox H, Pasieka JL, Parr ZE, Thompson SK, Jamieson GG, Myers JC, Game PA, Devitt PG, Bélanger M, Brochu G, Moloo H, Haggar F, Grimshaw J, Coyle D, Graham ID, Sabri E, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Balaa F, Stern H, Boushey RP, Moloo H, Sabri E, Wassif E, Haggar F, Poulin EC, Mamazza J, Boushey RP, Reso A, Estifanos D, Church N, Mitchell P, O'Neill C, Colquhoun P, Schlachta CM, Etemad-Rezai R, Jayaraman S, Passi R, Hodder AS, Pace DE, Chuah TK, Wirtzfeld D, Lee TYY, Pollett W, Trottier D, May G, Moloo H, Haggar F, Boushey R, Poulin E, Mamazza J, Singh R, Boutross-Tadross O, Deif B, Elias R, Stephen WJ, Omiccioli A, Singh R, Hegge SG, McKinley CA, Singh R, Omiccioli A, Hegge SG, McKinley CA, Sampath S, Segal BE, Carter JJ, Nguyen NH, Frimer M, Houston G, Bloom SW, Lemieux P, Couture C, Simard S, Lebel S, El Fitori A, Sabri E, Wassif E, Mamazza J, Poulin E, Boushey R, Warnock GL, Waddell J, Proctor G, Krajewski SA, Brown JA, Phang PT, Raval MJ, Brown CJ, Simunovic M, Major D, Qui F, To T, Baxter N, Urbach D, McGuire A, George R, Berg R, George R, Hristov H, McAlister ED, George R, Jones K, Bardell A, Isotalo P, Stotland PK, Chia S, Cyriac JS, Hagen JA, Klein LV, Hodgson N, Holowaty E, Lee G, Sussman J, Whelan T, Simunovic M, Apriasz I, Mohan S, Mccreery G, Patel R, Schlachta CM, Schlachta CM, Sorsdahl AK, Lefebvre KL, McCune ML, Hebbard PC, Wirtzfeld DA, Huynh QHP, Klein LV, Hagen JA, Xeroulis G, Dubrowski A, Leslie K, Mihailovic A, Howard A, Willan A, Coyte P, Urbach D, Sawisky G, Stoklossa CJ, Birch DW, Dickie BH, Stoklossa CJ, Davey D, Birch DW, Bohacek L, Pace DE, Karanicolas PJ, Colquhoun PH, Dahlke E, Guyatt GH, Butler MS, de Gara CJ, Boutros M, Zabalotny B, Charlin B, Meterissian S, Finley C, Clifton J, Fitzgerald M, Yee J, Quadri S, Knox J, Wong R, Xu W, Hornby J, Keshavjee S, Darling G, Schieman C, Tiruta C, Blitz M, Graham A, Gelfand G, McFadden S, Grondin S, de Perrot M, Anraku M, Feld R, Bezjak A, Burkes R, Roberts H, Cho J, Visbal A, Leighl N, Keshavjee S, Johnston M, Villeneuve PJ, Sundaresan RS, Gray DA, Rakovich G, Brigand C, Gaboury L, Martin J, Ferraro P, Duranceau A, Low D, Huang J, Cantone N, Schembre D, Mohan S, Trejos AL, Bassan H, Lin AW, Patel RV, Malthaner RA, Blitz M, Graham AJ, Gelfand G, McFadden SD, Grondin SC, Kondra J, Clifton J, Suarez G, Ross B, Evans K, Finley RJ, Yee J, Sugimura H, Spratt EH, Compeau CG, Shargall Y, Lara-Guerra H, Leighl N, Salvarrey A, Sakurada A, Paul N, Boerner S, Geddie W, Pond G, Shepherd FA, Tsao MS, Waddell TK. Abstracts of presentations to the Annual Meetings of the Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Canadian Association of General Surgeons Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons: Canadian Surgery Forum, Toronto, Ont., September 6-9, 2007. Can J Surg 2007; 50:1-32. [PMID: 37353894 PMCID: PMC10390043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K M Devon
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - O Vergara
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J C Victor
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - C J Swallow
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Z Cohen
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Gryfe
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H M MacRae
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- Dr. Zane Cohen Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Murata
- Division of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- Division of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - K Jones
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - N Merritt
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - P Belliveau
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - D Hurlbut
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - A Scheer
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Sabri
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - C J Brown
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Zhang
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Gallinger
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Gryfe
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T D Walters
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - A H Steinhart
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Bernstein
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - W Tremaine
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - B G Wolff
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Ross
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Parkes
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - M McKenzie
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R S McLeod
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Richardson
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - S deMontbrun
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P B McIntyre
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P M Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - J Shum
- London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - P H D Colquhoun
- London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - B M Taylor
- London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - G N Polyhronopoulos
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - A L McCluney
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J Buithieu
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - J Martinie
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P Metrakos
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - P M Chiasson
- Southern Arizona Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Northwest Medical Center, Tucson, Ariz., USA
| | - S E Burpee
- Southern Arizona Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Northwest Medical Center, Tucson, Ariz., USA
| | - R Corrigan
- Southern Arizona Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Northwest Medical Center, Tucson, Ariz., USA
| | - P Manson
- Southern Arizona Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Northwest Medical Center, Tucson, Ariz., USA
| | - A Omiccioli
- Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - R Singh
- Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - S G Hegge
- Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - C A McKinley
- Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - P Lemieux
- Surgery Department, CHUQ (St-François d'Assise and CHUL pavilions), Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - P Rhéaume
- Surgery Department, CHUQ (St-François d'Assise and CHUL pavilions), Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - I Lévesque
- Surgery Department, CHUQ (St-François d'Assise and CHUL pavilions), Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - E Bujold
- Surgery Department, CHUQ (St-François d'Assise and CHUL pavilions), Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - G Brochu
- Surgery Department, CHUQ (St-François d'Assise and CHUL pavilions), Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - B A Mrad
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Johnson Stoklossa
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - J Chen
- Section of Bariatric Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - N V Christou
- Section of Bariatric Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Turcotte
- Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CHUM Research Center and Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - M-A Forget
- Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CHUM Research Center and Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - D Beauseigle
- Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CHUM Research Center and Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - R Lapointe
- Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, CHUM Research Center and Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - P M Garzon
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S A Shah
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A C Wei
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Girgrah
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G A Levy
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Wong
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L B Lilly
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D R Grant
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M S Cattral
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - I McGilvary
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P D Greig
- Multi-Organ Transplant Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P S Tawadros
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Z Wang
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Birch
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - K Szaszi
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Kapus
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - O D Rotstein
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Mihailovic
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Injury Control Center - Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - C Nansamba
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Injury Control Center - Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P Coyte
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Injury Control Center - Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A Howar
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Injury Control Center - Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - D Urbach
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Injury Control Center - Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A Govindarajan
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - V Cranford
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - D Wirtzfeld
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - S Gallinger
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - C H L Law
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - A J Smith
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - A R Gagliardi
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ont., Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - F Haggar
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Grimshaw
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Y McConnell
- Division of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - P Johnson
- Division of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - G Porter
- Division of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
| | - A Govindarajan
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Kiss
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - L Rabeneck
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - A J Smith
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Hodgson
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - C H L Law
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - C White
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - M C Taylor
- Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - A M Borowiec
- Departments of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - R N Fedorak
- Departments of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta
| | - G N Polyhronopoulos
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - P A Kaneva
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Keshoofy
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Gutauskas
- Department of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | - N V Christou
- Section of Bariatric Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - S Al-Sabah
- Section of Bariatric Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - M Ladouceur
- Section of Bariatric Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - N V Christou
- Section of Bariatric Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Que
| | - S K Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - A R Ruszkiewicz
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - G G Jamieson
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - B P L Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P A Game
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P G Devitt
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - D I Watson
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - B Poole
- Department of Surgical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - T G Ehlen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - N L Davis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - F Tuma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, St. Clare's Mercy Hospital, St. John's, Nfld
| | - T Smith
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, St. Clare's Mercy Hospital, St. John's, Nfld
| | - M Hamoud
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - A Elfeitori
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J R MacKenzie
- Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers, Sarnia, Ont
| | - W Teel
- Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers, Sarnia, Ont
| | - A Reinhartz
- Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers, Sarnia, Ont
| | - J Schieman
- Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers, Sarnia, Ont
| | - J Brophy
- Occupational Health Clinic for Ontario Workers, Sarnia, Ont
| | - K E Hsu
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L E Ferri
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - K E Hsu
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - F Y Man
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - R A Gizicki
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - L S Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - G M Fried
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - M C Taylor
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - S Bruce
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy and the Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - A Burtally
- Québec Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - G Brochu
- Québec Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - J P Gagné
- Québec Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Que
| | - G Martel
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Group, Division of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Group, Division of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Group, Division of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Group, Division of General Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S Deen
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - O Griffith
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - H Masoudi
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - S M Wiseman
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - H Cox
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J L Pasieka
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Z E Parr
- Departments of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta., Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S K Thompson
- Departments of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta., Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - G G Jamieson
- Departments of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta., Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J C Myers
- Departments of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta., Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P A Game
- Departments of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta., Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P G Devitt
- Departments of Surgery, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta., Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M Bélanger
- Service de chirurgie générale, CHUL-CHUQ, Québec, Que
| | - G Brochu
- Service de chirurgie générale, CHUL-CHUQ, Québec, Que
| | - H Moloo
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Haggar
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Grimshaw
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D Coyle
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - I D Graham
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Sabri
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E C Poulin
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - F Balaa
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Stern
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R P Boushey
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Sabri
- Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Reso
- Division of General Surgery, Peter Lougheed Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - D Estifanos
- Division of General Surgery, Peter Lougheed Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - N Church
- Division of General Surgery, Peter Lougheed Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - P Mitchell
- Division of General Surgery, Peter Lougheed Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - C O'Neill
- Division of General Surgery and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - P Colquhoun
- Division of General Surgery and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- Division of General Surgery and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - R Etemad-Rezai
- Division of General Surgery and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - S Jayaraman
- Division of General Surgery and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - R Passi
- Division of General Surgery and Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - A S Hodder
- Division of General Surgery, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - D E Pace
- Division of General Surgery, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - T K Chuah
- Discipline of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - D Wirtzfeld
- Discipline of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - T Y Y Lee
- Discipline of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - W Pollett
- Discipline of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - D Trottier
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - G May
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Moloo
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - F Haggar
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Singh
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - O Boutross-Tadross
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - B Deif
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - R Elias
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - W J Stephen
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - A Omiccioli
- The Center for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - R Singh
- The Center for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - S G Hegge
- The Center for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - C A McKinley
- The Center for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - R Singh
- The Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - A Omiccioli
- The Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - S G Hegge
- The Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - C A McKinley
- The Centre for Minimal Access Surgery, North Bay General Hospital, North Bay, Ont
| | - S Sampath
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - B E Segal
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - J J Carter
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - N H Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - M Frimer
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - G Houston
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - S W Bloom
- Department of Surgery, Richmond Hospital, Richmond, BC
| | - P Lemieux
- Surgery and Pathology Departments, Hôpital Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - C Couture
- Surgery and Pathology Departments, Hôpital Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - S Simard
- Surgery and Pathology Departments, Hôpital Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - S Lebel
- Surgery and Pathology Departments, Hôpital Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Que
| | - A El Fitori
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Sabri
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Wassif
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Mamazza
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - E Poulin
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R Boushey
- Department of Surgery, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - G L Warnock
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canadian Medical Association, Ottawa, Ont
| | - J Waddell
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canadian Medical Association, Ottawa, Ont
| | - G Proctor
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canadian Medical Association, Ottawa, Ont
| | - S A Krajewski
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J A Brown
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - P T Phang
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M J Raval
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - C J Brown
- Departments of Surgery and Radiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Simunovic
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Que., Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Major
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Que., Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - F Qui
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Que., Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T To
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Que., Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Baxter
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Que., Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Urbach
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Que., Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A McGuire
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - R George
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - R Berg
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - R George
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - H Hristov
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - E D McAlister
- Department of Surgery and Oncology and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - R George
- Department of Surgery and Oncology and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - K Jones
- Department of Surgery and Oncology and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - A Bardell
- Department of Surgery and Oncology and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - P Isotalo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont
| | - P K Stotland
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Chia
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - J S Cyriac
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - J A Hagen
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - L V Klein
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Humber River Regional Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Hodgson
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - E Holowaty
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Lee
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Sussman
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Whelan
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Simunovic
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - I Apriasz
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - S Mohan
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - G Mccreery
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - R Patel
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont
| | - C M Schlachta
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont., Stratford General Hospital, Stratford, Ont
| | - A K Sorsdahl
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont., Stratford General Hospital, Stratford, Ont
| | - K L Lefebvre
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont., Stratford General Hospital, Stratford, Ont
| | - M L McCune
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Ont., Stratford General Hospital, Stratford, Ont
| | - P C Hebbard
- Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - D A Wirtzfeld
- Department of Surgery, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld
| | - Q H P Huynh
- The Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Humber River Regional Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - L V Klein
- The Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Humber River Regional Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J A Hagen
- The Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Humber River Regional Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Xeroulis
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Dubrowski
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - K Leslie
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A Mihailovic
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Howard
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Willan
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | - P Coyte
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | - D Urbach
- Departments of Surgery and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Sawisky
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Johnson Stoklossa
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - B H Dickie
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C Johnson Stoklossa
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D Davey
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - D W Birch
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - L Bohacek
- Department of Surgery, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - D E Pace
- Department of Surgery, Memorial University, St. John's, Nfld
| | - P J Karanicolas
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - P H Colquhoun
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - E Dahlke
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - G H Guyatt
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - M S Butler
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital and University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - C J de Gara
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital and University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alta
| | - M Boutros
- Centre for Medical Education and the Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Centre for Medical Education, Univeristé de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - B Zabalotny
- Centre for Medical Education and the Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Centre for Medical Education, Univeristé de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - B Charlin
- Centre for Medical Education and the Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Centre for Medical Education, Univeristé de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - S Meterissian
- Centre for Medical Education and the Division of General Surgery, McGill University, Centre for Medical Education, Univeristé de Montréal, Montréal, Que
| | - C Finley
- Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Clifton
- Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - M Fitzgerald
- Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Yee
- Vancouver General Hospital and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - S Quadri
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Knox
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Wong
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - W Xu
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Hornby
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Keshavjee
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Darling
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - C Schieman
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - C Tiruta
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - M Blitz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A Graham
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - G Gelfand
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S McFadden
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S Grondin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - M de Perrot
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Anraku
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Feld
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Bezjak
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - R Burkes
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Roberts
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - J Cho
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Visbal
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Leighl
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Keshavjee
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M Johnston
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - P J Villeneuve
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - R S Sundaresan
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - D A Gray
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - G Rakovich
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service anatomo-pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Service chirurgie digestive, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Brigand
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service anatomo-pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Service chirurgie digestive, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - L Gaboury
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service anatomo-pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Service chirurgie digestive, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Martin
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service anatomo-pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Service chirurgie digestive, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Ferraro
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service anatomo-pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Service chirurgie digestive, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Duranceau
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service anatomo-pathologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Service chirurgie digestive, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Low
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - J Huang
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - N Cantone
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - D Schembre
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Wash., USA
| | - S Mohan
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A L Trejos
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - H Bassan
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - A W Lin
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R V Patel
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - R A Malthaner
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), University of Western Ontario, London, Ont
| | - M Blitz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - A J Graham
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - G Gelfand
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S D McFadden
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - S C Grondin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - J Kondra
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Clifton
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - G Suarez
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - B Ross
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - K Evans
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - R J Finley
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - J Yee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - H Sugimura
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - E H Spratt
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - C G Compeau
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Y Shargall
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - H Lara-Guerra
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Leighl
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Salvarrey
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - A Sakurada
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - N Paul
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - S Boerner
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - W Geddie
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - G Pond
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - F A Shepherd
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M S Tsao
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - T K Waddell
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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Patel RV, Haddad FS. Technique of knee joint aspiration. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2007; 68:M100-1. [PMID: 17639831 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2007.68.sup6.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R V Patel
- North East Thames Rotation, London and Mr FS Haddad is Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, UCLH Trust, London
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Patel RV, Haddad FS. Injuries of the carpus and scaphoid. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2007; 68:M116-9. [PMID: 17663310 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2007.68.sup7.23989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The scaphoid is one of eight carpal bones which lie in two rows (Figure 1). They are articulated together to form a semicircle, the convexity of which is proximal and articulates with the forearm bones. The scaphoid occupies the most radial position (thumb side) in the proximal row. It is a boat-shaped bone, which articulates directly with the radius proximally and is a critical link in the mechanism of the carpus. The scaphoid is commonly divided into four distinct parts: the proximal pole, the waist, the distal body and the tuberosity. It is a key bone to both wrist motion and stability.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper presents a novel alternative for the treatment of lung cancer. The method consists of accessing the lung through small incisions in a minimally invasive manner in order to insert radioactive seeds directly into the lung using a robotic surgical system. METHODS An experimental test-bed to evaluate the feasibility of this approach has been developed. It consists of two surgical robotic systems, a device specifically designed to robotically implant radioactive seeds, needle tracking software, ultrasound imaging, electromagnetic tracking, and a surgical box that mimics a patient's thorax. A detailed comparison has been performed between currently available access options and robot-assisted minimally invasive access. RESULTS The results show insignificant differences in accuracy between the methods, with the exception of a significant improvement when electromagnetic (EM) guidance was added to the non-robotic techniques. The navigation system reduced the number of attempts for all seed delivery methods. Significant reductions in time were achieved in the minimally invasive procedures by the addition of EM guidance. CONCLUSIONS The performance achieved when using robotic systems and image guidance for minimally-invasive brachytherapy is clinically comparable to that achieved in an open surgery procedure, while reducing the invasiveness of the procedure, improving ergonomic conditions for the clinician and reducing radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Trejos
- Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Tavakoli M, Aziminejad A, Patel RV, Moallem M. Methods and mechanisms for contact feedback in a robot-assisted minimally invasive environment. Surg Endosc 2006; 20:1570-9. [PMID: 16897288 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-005-0582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Providing a surgeon with information regarding contacts made between instruments and tissue during robot-assisted interventions can improve task efficiency and reliability. In this report, different methods for feedback of such information to the surgeon are discussed. It is hypothesized that various methods of contact feedback have the potential to enhance performance in a robot-assisted minimally invasive environment. To verify the hypothesis, novel mechanisms needed for incorporating contact feedback were designed, including a surgeon-robot interface with full force feedback capabilities and a surgical end-effector with full force sensing capabilities, that are suitable for minimally invasive applications. These two mechanisms were used to form a robotic "master-slave" test bed for studying the effect of contact feedback on the system and user performance. Using the master-slave system, experiments for surgical tasks involving soft tissue palpation were conducted. The performance of the master-slave system was validated in terms of criteria that assess the accurate transmission of task-related information to the surgeon, which is critical in the context of soft tissue surgical applications. Moreover, using a set of experiments involving human subjects, the performance of several users in carrying out the task was compared among different methods of contact feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tavakoli
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada
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Tavakoli M, Aziminejad A, Patel RV, Moallem M. Multi-sensory force/deformation cues for stiffness characterization in soft-tissue palpation. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2006; 2006:837-840. [PMID: 17946425 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.260292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the commercially available robot-assisted surgical systems, camera vision constitutes the only flow of data from the patient side to the surgeon side. This paper studies how various modalities for feedback of interaction between a surgical tool and soft tissue can improve the efficiency of a typical surgical task. Utilizing a haptics-enabled master-slave test-bed for minimally invasive surgery, user performance during a telemanipulated soft tissue stiffness discrimination task is compared under visual, haptic, graphical, and graphical plus haptic feedback modes in terms of task success rate and completion time and the amount of energy transfer and consequently trauma to tissue. While no significant difference is found in terms of the task completion times, graphical cueing and visual cueing are found to lead to the highest success rate and the highest risk of tissue damage (proportional to energy), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tavakoli
- Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Compartment syndrome occurs when pressure within a closed muscle compartment exceeds the perfusion pressure and results in muscle and nerve ischaemia. Two distinct conditions are recognized: acute and chronic (exertional) compartment syndromes. Differences in aetiology, pathophysiology and management are elaborated on in this article.
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Whitworth KM, Agca C, Kim JG, Patel RV, Springer GK, Bivens NJ, Forrester LJ, Mathialagan N, Green JA, Prather RS. Transcriptional Profiling of Pig Embryogenesis by Using a 15-K Member Unigene Set Specific for Pig Reproductive Tissues and Embryos1. Biol Reprod 2005; 72:1437-51. [PMID: 15703372 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.037952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential mRNA expression patterns were evaluated between germinal vesicle oocytes (pgvo), four-cell (p4civv), blastocyst (pblivv), and in vitro-produced four-cell (p4civp) and in vitro-produced blastocyst (pblivp) stage embryos to determine key transcripts responsible for early embryonic development in the pig. Five comparisons were made: pgvo to p4civv, p4civv to pblivv, pgvo to pblivv, p4civv to p4civp, and pblivv to pblivp. ANOVA (P < 0.05) was performed with the Benjamini and Hochberg false-discovery-rate multiple correction test on each comparison. A comparison of pgvo to p4civv, p4civv to pblivv, and pgvo to pblivv resulted in 3214, 1989, and 4528 differentially detected cDNAs, respectively. Real-time PCR analysis on seven transcripts showed an identical pattern of changes in expression as observed on the microarrays, while one transcript deviated at a single cell stage. There were 1409 and 1696 differentially detected cDNAs between the in vitro- and in vivo-produced embryos at the four-cell and blastocyst stages, respectively, without the Benjamini and Hochberg false-discovery-rate multiple correction test. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis on four genes at the four-cell stage showed an identical pattern of gene expression as found on the microarrays. Real-time PCR analysis on four of five genes at the blastocyst stage showed an identical pattern of gene expression as found on the microarrays. Thus, only 1 of the 39 comparisons of the pattern of gene expression exhibited a major deviation between the microarray and the real-time PCR. These results illustrate the complex mechanisms involved in pig early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Whitworth
- Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Tavakkoli Attar F, Patel RV, Moallem M. Haptic interaction and visualization of elastic deformation. Stud Health Technol Inform 2005; 111:556-9. [PMID: 15718796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we represent a new method to model real-time local and global deformations on a variety of three-dimensional sculptured surfaces governed by physical principles. The deformable objects are highly elastic with linear behavior in the range of typical haptic forces. A deformation model is developed for incompressible material based on a mapping technique and the superposition principle. The law of energy conservation is used to calculate real-time force reflection. Using the divergence theorem, force reflection is calculated for volumetric deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tavakkoli Attar
- Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9.
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Abstract
Conventional endoscopic surgery has some drawbacks that can be addressed by using robots. The robotic systems used for surgery are still in their infancy. A major deficiency is the lack of haptic feedback to the surgeon. In this paper, the benefits of haptic feedback in robot-assisted surgery are discussed. A novel robotic end-effector is then described that meets the requirements of endoscopic surgery and is sensorized for force/ torque feedback. The endoscopic end-effector is capable of non-invasively measuring its interaction with tissue in all the degrees of freedom available during endoscopic manipulation. It is also capable of remotely actuating a tip and measuring its interaction with the environment without using any sensors on the jaws. The sensorized end-effector can be used as the last arm of a surgical robot to incorporate haptic feedback and/or to evaluate skills and learning curves of residents and surgeons in endoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tavakoli
- Canadian Surgical Technologies & Advanced Robotics (CSTAR), London Health Sciences Centre, 339 Windermere Rd., London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada
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Abstract
In this paper, we address the problem of stable tracking control of a flexible macro-micro manipulator (M(3)) system. A two-layer neural network is utilized to approximate the nonlinear robot dynamic behavior of the M(3) system, and the controllers for the macro and micro arms are developed without any need for prior knowledge of the dynamic model of the controlled M(3) system. A learning algorithm for the neural network using Lyapunov stability theory is derived. It is shown that both the tracking error and the weight-tuning error are uniformly ultimately bounded under this new control scheme. Simulation results are presented and compared to those obtained using a PD controller.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada N6A 5B9
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Abstract
In the UK the three commonest bony injuries around the knee are tibial plateau fractures, supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of the femur and patellar fractures. This review will summarize the initial management of these injuries and of rarer but significant more minor fractures that must not be missed. The review will concentrate on the injury to the knee, but every trauma patient must be assessed fully following advanced trauma life support guidelines.
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Abstract
There is good evidence that the primary assessment of knee injuries is poor (Bollen and Scott, 1996). The knee is the most commonly injured joint in sport and exercise, and soccer and rugby carry the highest risk (Nicholl et al, 1991). A basic approach comprising a thorough history and a full examination, including ‘look, feel, move and special tests’, is usually all that is needed (Apley and Solomon, 1994).
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Patel
- University College London Hospitals, London W1N 8AA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the durability of both autologous and cadaveric fascia using an animal model. The pubovaginal sling procedure can be performed using autologous, cadaveric, or synthetic materials. Few data are available about the strength and durability of these materials. METHODS Rectus abdominus fascia harvested from 6 female Sprague-Dawley rats was processed by Tutogen Medical. In 20 female Sprague-Dawley rats, three different types of fascia were implanted subcutaneously into each animal: autologous rectus abdominus fascia harvested at the time of surgery; rat cadaveric fascia processed by Tutogen; and human cadaveric fascia (Tutogen). The rats were killed at 2 months (10 rats) and 4 months (10 rats) after implantation. The mechanical properties of the tissue were assessed using the trouser tear test, and the fracture toughness was calculated. RESULTS Compared with the fracture toughness before implantation, the implanted rat autologous fascia decreased in toughness from 1763 to 1243 J/m(2) (P = 0.12), the implanted rat cadaveric fascia decreased in toughness from 1539 to 1022 J/m(2) (P = 0.02), and the implanted human cadaveric fascia decreased in toughness from 2120 to 1145 J/m(2) (P = 0.09). The fracture toughness of the implanted rat cadaveric fascia and rat autologous fascia did not differ significantly (P = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS The changes in strength or elasticity can be detected using the trouser tear test to calculate the fracture toughness. Both cadaveric and autologous fascial grafts may decrease in toughness with time. The long-term durability of the graft may only be a minor factor in determining the success of the pubovaginal sling procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Hu K, Radhakrishnan P, Patel RV, Mao JJ. Regional structural and viscoelastic properties of fibrocartilage upon dynamic nanoindentation of the articular condyle. J Struct Biol 2001; 136:46-52. [PMID: 11858706 DOI: 10.1006/jsbi.2001.4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibrocartilage,a tissue with macromaterial properties between dense fibrous tissue and hyaline cartilage, is not well understood in its ultrastructure and regional viscoelastic properties. Here nanoindentation with atomic force microscopy was performed on fresh fibrocartilage samples of rabbit jaw joint condyles. Each sample was divided into anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, and posterolateral regions for probing and topographic imaging in 2 x 2 microm and 10 x 10 microm scan sizes. Young's moduli differed significantly among these regions in a descending gradient from the anteromedial (2.34 +/- 0.26 MPa) to the posterolateral (0.95 +/- 0.06 MPa). The Poisson ratio, defined as lateral strain over axial strain, had the same gradient distribution: highest for the anteromedial region (0.46 +/- 0.05) and lowest for the posterolateral region (0.31 +/- 0.05). The same four regions showed a descending gradient of surface roughness: highest for the anteromedial (321.6 +/- 13.8 nm) and lowest for the posterolateral (155.6 +/- 12.6 nm). Thus, the regional ultrastructural and viscoelastic properties of fibrocartilage appear to be coregulated. Based on these region-specific gradient distributions, fibrocartilage is constructed to withstand tissue-borne shear stresses, which likely propagate across its different regions. A model of shear gradient and concentric gradient is proposed to describe the region-specific capacity of fibrocartilage to sustain shear stresses in tendons, ligaments, joints, and the healing bone across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Jabbour N, Genyk Y, Mateo R, Peyre C, Patel RV, Thomas D, Ralls P, Palmer S, Kanel G, Selby RR. Live-donor liver transplantation: the USC experience. Acta Chir Belg 2001; 101:220-3. [PMID: 11758104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is currently the standard of care for patients with end stage liver disease. However due to the cadaveric organ shortage, live donor liver transplantation (LDLT), has been recently introduced as a potential solution. We analyzed and support our initial experience with this procedure at USC. MATERIAL AND METHODS From September 1998 until July 2000, a total of 27 patients underwent LDLT at USC University Hospital and Los Angeles Children's Hospital. There were 12 children with the median age of 10 months (4-114) and 15 adults with the median age of 56 years (35-65). The most common indication for transplantation was biliary atresia for children and hepatitis C for adults. RESULTS All donors did well postoperatively; the median postoperative stay was five days (5-7) for left lateral segmentectomy and seven days (4-12) for lobar donation. None of the donors required blood transfusion, re-operation or postoperative invasive procedure. However, five of them (18%) experienced minor complications. The survival rate in pediatric patients was 100% and only one graft was lost at nine months due to rejection. Two adult recipients died in the postoperative period, one from graft non-function and one from necrotizing fascitis. 37% of adult recipients experienced postoperative complications, mainly related to biliary reconstruction. Also 26% of the recipients underwent reoperation for some of these complications. CONCLUSION LDLT is an excellent alternative to cadaveric transplantation with excellent results in the pediatric population. However, in adult patients it still carries a significant complication rate and it should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jabbour
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R C O'Connor
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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37
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Abstract
An extremely rare case of long, thin and sharp pin in a young boy which was inhaled initially and defied removal at branchoscopy was eventually recovered in stool after a long and variable course through alimentary tract has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Patel
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, MGM's Medical College and Hospital, Kamothe, New Mumbai
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To survey American urologists to assess practice patterns in treating female incontinence. Advances in the treatment of female incontinence have changed the way urologists practice. METHODS Postal and e-mail surveys were sent to 2502 members of the American Urological Association. RESULTS From the postal group (n = 1000), 419 (42%) responses were obtained; from the e-mail group (n = 1502), 160 (11%) responses were obtained. For types I, II, and III stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 239 (44%) of 546, 388 (68%) of 570, and 512 (94%) of 547 urologists, respectively, recommended a sling procedure. For type I SUI, 75 (53%) of the 143 respondents in practice for less than 10 years recommended a sling procedure. The sling was recommended by 62 (35%) of the 176 respondents in practice for longer than 20 years (P <0.001). Most urologists (75%, 358 of 480) referred patients with significant vaginal prolapse to a gynecologist; however, urologists in full-time academic practice were more likely to offer surgical treatment (56%, 29 of 52). Most urologists recommended medical treatment for urge incontinence (94%, 461 of 491), and the medications most commonly selected were tolterodine (41%, 202 of 491), oxybutynin (26%, 129 of 491), and extended-release oxybutynin (25%, 125 of 491). CONCLUSIONS Overall, a sling procedure was the most commonly recommended surgical procedure for all types of SUI. Most urologists referred patients with significant vaginal prolapse to a gynecologist. For type I SUI, older urologists were more likely than younger urologists to perform needle bladder neck suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Kim
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kim HL, Hollowell CM, Patel RV, Bales GT, Clayman RV, Gerber GS. Use of new technology in endourology and laparoscopy by american urologists: internet and postal survey. Urology 2000; 56:760-5. [PMID: 11068295 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the use of new technology by American urologists. METHODS Using the American Urological Association directory, surveys were sent via the U.S. postal service to 1000 randomly selected American urologists and 3065 urologists who had an Internet address listed in the directory. RESULTS Responses were received from 601 urologists (415 postal, 186 Internet). Overall, 81% of survey respondents reported performing fewer or the same number of percutaneous procedures as compared with 3 to 4 years ago and 84% reported carrying out more or the same number of ureteroscopic procedures in the treatment of patients with stone disease. Open dismembered pyeloplasty (43%) and Acucise endopyelotomy (42%) were most frequently reported as the preferred treatment for adult patients with symptomatic ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Although 60% of respondents reported that they have taken a laparoscopy course, 67% currently do not perform any laparoscopy in their practice. In addition, only 7% of urologists stated that laparoscopy comprises more than 5% of their practice. When stratified by the number of years in practice, those in practice less than 10 years were more likely than those in practice 10 to 20 years and those in practice longer than 20 years to have performed an endopyelotomy (77%, 60%, and 48%, respectively, P <0.001) and to be currently performing laparoscopy (49%, 36%, and 18%, respectively, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Compared with 3 to 4 years ago, American urologists are performing more ureteroscopy and fewer percutaneous stone procedures. Although most urologists have taken laparoscopy courses, this modality has not been widely incorporated into their practices at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Kim
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kuznetsov DD, Kim HL, Patel RV, Steinberg GD, Bales GT. Comparison of artificial urinary sphincter and collagen for the treatment of postprostatectomy incontinence. Urology 2000; 56:600-3. [PMID: 11018614 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare how urinary symptoms affect the quality of life in groups of men with postprostatectomy incontinence treated with collagen versus artificial urinary sphincter implantation. METHODS Two cohorts of men, one which received urethral collagen injection and one artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation, were surveyed with a validated quality-of-life questionnaire to assess how their urinary dysfunction impacted their daily activities. The mean impact score and bother score for the two groups were compared. In addition, the overall degree of continence between the groups was assessed. RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 19 months, 8 (20%) of 41 patients treated with collagen injections were at least socially continent, requiring one pad daily or less. In comparison, 27 (75%) of 36 men treated with an AUS were at least socially continent (P <0.001). Both the impact score and the bother score from the quality-of-life questionnaire were significantly lower in the group treated with the AUS than in the group treated with collagen. CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving an AUS achieved significantly higher continence rates. Also, the quality of life of men treated with an AUS was improved compared with that of the men treated with collagen injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Kuznetsov
- University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Hollowell CM, Patel RV, Bales GT, Gerber GS. Internet and postal survey of endourologic practice patterns among American urologists. J Urol 2000; 163:1779-82. [PMID: 10799181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We determine endourological practice patterns among American urologists for the management of distal ureteral calculi, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, staghorn calculi and the use of ureteral stents with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWLdagger). MATERIALS AND METHODS Surveys were mailed by the United States postal service to 1,000 American urologists selected randomly from the American Urological Association membership roster. The same survey was sent via the Internet to 3,065 American urologists with an electronic mail address listed in the roster. RESULTS Responses were received from 1,029 urologists (postal 601, Internet 428). Ureteroscopy was the preferred treatment for all distal ureteral calculi less than or equal to 10 mm. Acucisedouble dagger endopyelotomy was the most frequently selected therapy for adults with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (50.3%, 514 of 1,022). Open pyeloplasty was recommended by a significantly greater percentage of urologists in practice longer than 15 years compared with the remaining survey respondents (166 of 485, 34.2% versus 92 of 427, 21.5%). For patients with renal pelvic stones 10, 15 or 20 mm. who are treated with ESWL routine stent placement was preferred by 25.3% (259 of 1,022), 57.1% (584 of 1,022) and 87.1% (888 of 1, 019) of urologists, respectively. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was preferred for patients with staghorn calculi by 80.5% (828 of 1,028) of survey respondents. CONCLUSIONS Most urologists follow the American Urological Association practice guidelines for patients with distal ureteral calculi and staghorn stones. There is a significant difference of opinion regarding the use of stents with ESWL. No clear consensus has been reached concerning the management of adults with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. These data may be useful in designing physician education programs and/or future investigations to help define standard treatment practices for urological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Hollowell
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Deshmukh
- Department of Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Kamothe, New Bombay, India
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Amin NB, Padhi ID, Touchette MA, Patel RV, Dunfee TP, Anandan JV. Characterization of gentamicin pharmacokinetics in patients hemodialyzed with high-flux polysulfone membranes. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 34:222-7. [PMID: 10430966 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(99)70347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin during and after hemodialysis (using polysulfone Fresenius F-80 membranes (Fresenius USA, Inc, Walnut Creek, CA), surface area 1.6 m(2)), eight patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing chronic hemodialysis receiving the drug for therapeutic indications were enrolled. Intradialytic gentamicin half-life, clearance, and amount of gentamicin recovered during a hemodialysis session were also determined. Serum gentamicin concentrations were analyzed using fluorescence polarization immunoassay. The amount of gentamicin recovered was 64.3 +/- 14.4 mg, whereas the intradialytic gentamicin half-life was 2.24 +/- 0.83 hours, with a clearance of 116 +/- 9 mL/min. Gentamicin concentrations rebounded by 27.86% +/- 16.4% at 1. 5 +/- 0.52 hours after the end of the hemodialysis session. The decrease in gentamicin concentrations comparing maximum rebound to prehemodialysis concentrations was 53.54% +/- 9.97%. A variable yet substantial amount of gentamicin is removed during hemodialysis using F-80 membranes; hence, supplemental doses are necessary to avoid potential treatment failures. The supplemental doses of gentamicin calculated based on gentamicin concentrations obtained immediately postdialysis could be overestimated if the postdialysis rebound concentrations are not considered. A dosing regimen is suggested using the pharmacokinetic parameters defined by the present study and population estimate of volume of distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Amin
- Division of Nephrology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Patel RV, Peterson EL, Silverman N, Zarowitz BJ. Estimation of total body and extracellular water in post-coronary artery bypass graft surgical patients using single and multiple frequency bioimpedance. Crit Care Med 1996; 24:1824-8. [PMID: 8917032 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199611000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the value of bioimpedance as a clinical tool by determining the accuracy and bias of single and multiple frequency bioimpedance estimates of total body and extracellular water in comparison with values established by criterion reference techniques. DESIGN Controlled, prospective, single-blind investigation. SETTING Private, not-for-profit, university-affiliated, acute care hospital. PATIENTS Eight male, post-elective coronary artery bypass graft surgical patients. INTERVENTIONS Within 6 hrs after surgery, estimates of total body and extracellular water volumes were determined using single and multiple frequency bioimpedance techniques. These estimates were then compared with the gold standard volumes measured by deuterium oxide and bromine dilutional space determination, respectively. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The mean multiple frequency bioimpedance estimate of total body water of 47.7 +/- 9.4 L was statistically different from the single frequency bioimpedance and deuterium values of 52.5 +/- 9.4 (p < .006) and 53.3 +/- 11.6 L (p < .002), respectively. In comparison, the mean multiple and single frequency bioimpedance estimates of extracellular water, 26.3 +/- 5.4 and 29.2 +/- 5.4 L, respectively, were not statistically different from the bromine value of 27.5 +/- 6.9 L. In addition, the mean errors for multiple and single frequency bioimpedance determinations of extracellular water, -1.2 +/- 2.0 and 1.7 +/- 2.7 L, respectively, were statistically different (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS In male, post-elective coronary artery bypass graft surgical patients, single frequency bioimpedance was a more accurate and less biased predictor of total body water than multiple frequency bioimpedance. The accuracy and bias of multiple frequency bioimpedance was superior to single frequency bioimpedance for the prediction of extracellular water. Whether this observation remains true for other populations of critically ill patients remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Patel RV, Ramadan NM, Levine SR, Welch KM, Fagan SC. Effects of ramipril and enalapril on cerebral blood flow in elderly patients with asymptomatic carotid artery occlusive disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1996; 28:48-52. [PMID: 8797135 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199607000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We wished to determine in asymptomatic hypertensive patients with > or = 70% stenosis of an internal carotid artery the change in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) produced by ramipril and enalapril and to evaluate the influence of age on drug-induced changes in rCBF. In a prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled investigation, using the 133Xenon inhalation technique, we assessed baseline rCBF in 15 patients (9 men and 6 women aged 60-79 years) after a 24-h antihypertensive drug-free period. All patients then received a single 5-mg oral dose of ramipril, enalapril, or placebo. rCBF was reassessed 2 h postdose. There was no significant change in the median rCBF in any of the three treatment groups. Neither did we observe any lateralization of BF to any specific cerebral region in any of the three groups. There were no observed or patient-reported adverse events (AE). Single 5-mg oral doses of either ramipril or enalapril did not decrease CBF significantly in asymptomatic hypertensive patients with > or = 70% stenosis of an internal carotid artery and are probably safe starting doses in such patients. In addition, this effect was not modified by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Ben-Menachem T, McCarthy BD, Fogel R, Schiffman RM, Patel RV, Zarowitz BJ, Nerenz DR, Bresalier RS. Prophylaxis for stress-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a cost effectiveness analysis. Crit Care Med 1996; 24:338-45. [PMID: 8605811 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199602000-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis for stress-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. DESIGN Decision model of the cost and efficacy of sucralfate and cimetidine, two commonly used drugs for prophylaxis of stress-related hemorrhage. Outcome estimates were based on data from published studies. Cost data were based on cost of medications and costs of treatment protocols at our institutions. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The marginal cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis, as compare with no prophylaxis, was calculated separately for sucralfate and cimetidine and expressed as cost per bleeding episode averted. An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis was subsequently employed to compare the two agents. Sensitivity analyses of the effects of the major clinical outcomes on the cost per bleeding episode averted were performed. At the base-case assumptions of 6% risk of developing stress-related hemorrhage and 50% risk-reduction due to prophylaxis, the cost of sucralfate was $1,144 per bleeding episode averted. The cost per bleeding episode averted was highly dependent on the risk of hemorrhage and, to a lesser degree, on the efficacy of sucralfate prophylaxis, ranging from a cost per bleeding episode averted of $103,725 for low-risk patients to cost savings for very high-risk patients. The cost per bleeding episode averted increased significantly if the risk of nosocomial pneumonia was included in the analysis. The effect of pneumonia was greater for populations at low risk of hemorrhage. Assuming equal efficacy, the cost per bleeding episode averted of cimetidine was 6.5-fold greater than the cost per bleeding episode averted of sucralfate. CONCLUSIONS The cost of prophylaxis in patients at low risk of stress-related hemorrhage is substantial, and may be prohibitive. Further research is needed to identify patient populations that are at high risk of developing stress-related hemorrhage, and to determine whether prophylaxis increases the risk of nosocomial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ben-Menachem
- Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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Touchette MA, Patel RV, Anandan JV, Dumler F, Zarowitz BJ. Vancomycin removal by high-flux polysulfone hemodialysis membranes in critically ill patients with end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1995; 26:469-74. [PMID: 7645555 DOI: 10.1016/0272-6386(95)90493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To define the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in an acute care setting and to characterize the rebound phenomenon occurring after hemodialysis, vancomycin t1/2 during the interdialytic and intradialytic phases and intradialytic clearance were measured in eight critically ill patients undergoing high-flux hemodialysis using F-80 or F-60 polysulfone dialyzers. Intradialytic clearance was determined using the recovery method. In patients dialyzed with F-80 dialyzers, interdialytic and intradialytic t1/2 for vancomycin were 162 +/- 69.8 hours and 4.7 +/- 1.3 hours, respectively. Intradialytic clearance was 108.5 +/- 16.3 mL/min, and 238 +/- 55 mg of vancomycin was recovered in the dialysate. In patients dialyzed with F-60 dialyzers, interdialytic and intradialytic t1/2 were 211.0 +/- 166.8 and 4.6 +/- 0.4 hours, respectively. Intradialytic clearance was 100.6 +/- 18.3 mL/min and the amount of vancomycin recovered was 252 +/- 79 mg. Vancomycin concentrations rebounded by 16% to 37% between 3 and 6 hours in patients dialyzed with the F-80 dialyzer and 15% to 38% between 2 and 3 hours in patient dialyzed with F-60 dialyzers. Hemodialysis with high-flux polysulfone dialyzers removes significant amounts of vancomycin in patients dialyzed in an acute care setting. A suggested scheme for vancomycin dosage adjustments in these patients is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Touchette
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202-2689, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Patel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Child Health, Gujarat, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the electrophysiologic properties and the in vitro, ex vivo, animal, and human data regarding proarrhythmic effects of intravenous vasopressors. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive (MEDLINE) search (1960-1994) was conducted for dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and methoxamine. STUDY SELECTION In vitro and ex vivo studies and investigations performed in animals or humans reporting electrophysiologic and/or proarrhythmic effects of the above intravenous vasopressors were selected. A comprehensive search of all human studies involving these agents was conducted to reveal any proarrhythmic effects that may have been reported. In addition, case reports of proarrhythmic effects associated with these agents were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION Data regarding electrophysiologic and proarrhythmic effects of these agents were extracted from in vitro, ex vivo, animal, and human studies. Because few studies with the specific purpose of investigating proarrhythmic effects of vasopressors have been performed in humans, all studies involving these drugs for evaluation of hemodynamic effects, clinical efficacy, or other endpoints in humans were reviewed. In addition, data were extracted from case reports of proarrhythmic effects associated with these agents. DATA SYNTHESIS Dopamine increases automaticity in Purkinje fibers and has a biphasic effect on action-potential duration. Dopamine has caused both atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in animals. Human data have revealed dose-related sinus tachycardia, with few reports of clinically significant ventricular arrhythmias. Epinephrine shortens sinus cycle length, increases atrial and ventricular automaticity, promotes atrioventricular nodal conduction, and decreases ventricular effective refractory period (ERP). It is well known to induce ventricular fibrillation and decrease the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) in ex vivo models as well as intact animals. In humans, epinephrine may cause dose-related sinus tachycardia, supraventricular arrhythmias, or, more commonly, ventricular arrhythmias. Norepinephrine increases automaticity of the sinoatrial node, atria, and ventricles; promotes atrioventricular nodal conduction; and decreases ventricular ERP. In vitro/ex vivo and animal data have shown that norepinephrine significantly decreases VFT. Although electrophysiologic studies suggest that norepinephrine may be proarrhythmic, few supporting data exist in humans. Phenylephrine demonstrates differential electrophysiologic effects in atrial and ventricular tissue. Most data suggest that phenylephrine causes prolongation of the ventricular ERP. Rather than being proarrhythmic, phenylephrine may be protective against arrhythmias. The drug elevates VFT in dogs. In humans, phenylephrine effectively terminates supraventricular tachycardias and may be protective against ventricular arrhythmias. Like phenylephrine, methoxamine elevates the repetitive extrasystolic, atrial, and ventricular fibrillatory thresholds. Methoxamine also may have antiarrhythmic effects because of alpha-receptor stimulation and reflex vagal activity. Despite the relatively low risk of arrhythmogenicity associated with intravenous vasopressors, patients should be monitored for potential proarrhythmic effects and appropriate action taken as necessary. Critically ill patients often have concurrent conditions, electrolyte disturbances, and underlying arrhythmias that predispose them to a higher risk of vasopressor proarrhythmic effects. CONCLUSIONS Controlled data supporting the proarrhythmic potential of intravenous vasopressors in humans are lacking. Sinus tachycardia, asymptomatic ventricular ectopic activity, and other ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias have been reported in association with dopamine and epinephrine. Phenylephrine and methoxamine have been associated with sinus bradycardia, but otherwise may be antiarrhythmic. Intravenous vasopressors appear relatively safe w
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Tisdale
- College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Endeley EM, Enwerem EO, Holcombe C, Patel RV. Sickle-cell disease simulating Burkitt's lymphoma: case report. Indian J Med Sci 1995; 49:9-10. [PMID: 7590994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E M Endeley
- Department of Surgery, College of Medical sciences, Maiduguri, Nigeria, West Africa
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