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Lei P, Ayton S, Appukuttan AT, Moon S, Duce JA, Volitakis I, Cherny R, Wood SJ, Greenough M, Berger G, Pantelis C, McGorry P, Yung A, Finkelstein DI, Bush AI. Lithium suppression of tau induces brain iron accumulation and neurodegeneration. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:396-406. [PMID: 27400857 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is a first-line therapy for bipolar affective disorder. However, various adverse effects, including a Parkinson-like hand tremor, often limit its use. The understanding of the neurobiological basis of these side effects is still very limited. Nigral iron elevation is also a feature of Parkinsonian degeneration that may be related to soluble tau reduction. We found that magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation time changes in subjects commenced on lithium therapy were consistent with iron elevation. In mice, lithium treatment lowers brain tau levels and increases nigral and cortical iron elevation that is closely associated with neurodegeneration, cognitive loss and parkinsonian features. In neuronal cultures lithium attenuates iron efflux by lowering tau protein that traffics amyloid precursor protein to facilitate iron efflux. Thus, tau- and amyloid protein precursor-knockout mice were protected against lithium-induced iron elevation and neurotoxicity. These findings challenge the appropriateness of lithium as a potential treatment for disorders where brain iron is elevated (for example, Alzheimer's disease), and may explain lithium-associated motor symptoms in susceptible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lei
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, China.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S Ayton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A T Appukuttan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S Moon
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - J A Duce
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - I Volitakis
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - R Cherny
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - S J Wood
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Greenough
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - G Berger
- ORYGEN Research Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Pantelis
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - P McGorry
- ORYGEN Research Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A Yung
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester and Greater Manchester West NHS Mental Health Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - D I Finkelstein
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A I Bush
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Masters C, Robert B, Ryan T, Lind M, Li QX, Watt A, Cherny R, Barnham K. 49 Aβ oligomers as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hung L, Roberts B, Wilkins S, George J, Pham C, Lim S, Crouch P, Nurjono M, Gunawan L, Critch N, Sherratt N, Cherny R, Bush A, Masters C, Culvenor J, Cappai R, White A, Donnelly P, Villemagne V, Finkelstein D, Barnham K. P2.097 A reactive nitrogen species scavenger is neuroprotective in multiple Parkinson's disease animal models. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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George J, Wilkins S, Critch N, Gunawan L, Cortes M, Liu X, Laughton K, Nurjono M, Volitakis I, Huggins P, Parsons J, McNaughton M, Adlard P, Masters C, Cappai R, Barnham K, Gautier E, Bush A, Cherny R, Finkelstein D. P1.050 Novel neuroprotective agents for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Evered L, Silbert B, Scott D, Maruff P, Laughton K, Volitakis I, Cowie T, Cherny R, Masters C, Li Q. Plasma amyloid β
42
and amyloid β
40
levels are associated with early cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Evered
- St Vincent's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - B. Silbert
- St Vincent's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - D. Scott
- St Vincent's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
- University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - P. Maruff
- University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - K. Laughton
- University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | | | - T. Cowie
- University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - R. Cherny
- University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - C. Masters
- University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Q. Li
- University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
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Caragounis A, Du T, Filiz G, Laughton K, Volitakis I, Sharples R, Cherny R, Masters C, Drew S, Hill A, Li QX, Crouch P, Barnham K, White A. Differential modulation of Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta-peptide accumulation by diverse classes of metal ligands. Biochem J 2007; 407:435-50. [PMID: 17680773 PMCID: PMC2275059 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Biometals have an important role in AD (Alzheimer's disease) and metal ligands have been investigated as potential therapeutic agents for treatment of AD. In recent studies the 8HQ (8-hydroxyquinoline) derivative CQ (clioquinol) has shown promising results in animal models and small clinical trials; however, the actual mode of action in vivo is still being investigated. We previously reported that CQ-metal complexes up-regulated MMP (matrix metalloprotease) activity in vitro by activating PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and JNK (c-jun N-terminal kinase), and that the increased MMP activity resulted in enhanced degradation of secreted Abeta (amyloid beta) peptide. In the present study, we have further investigated the biochemical mechanisms by which metal ligands affect Abeta metabolism. To achieve this, we measured the effects of diverse metal ligands on cellular metal uptake and secreted Abeta levels in cell culture. We report that different classes of metal ligands including 8HQ and phenanthroline derivatives and the sulfur compound PDTC (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) elevated cellular metal levels (copper and zinc), and resulted in substantial loss of secreted Abeta. Generally, the ability to inhibit Abeta levels correlated with a higher lipid solubility of the ligands and their capacity to increase metal uptake. However, we also identified several ligands that potently inhibited Abeta levels while only inducing minimal change to cellular metal levels. Metal ligands that inhibited Abeta levels [e.g. CQ, 8HQ, NC (neocuproine), 1,10-phenanthroline and PDTC] induced metal-dependent activation of PI3K and JNK, resulting in JNK-mediated up-regulation of metalloprotease activity and subsequent loss of secreted Abeta. The findings in the present study show that diverse metal ligands with high lipid solubility can elevate cellular metal levels resulting in metalloprotease-dependent inhibition of Abeta. Given that a structurally diverse array of ligands was assessed, the results are consistent with the effects being due to metal transport rather than the chelating ligand interacting directly with a receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphrodite Caragounis
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ‡Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tai Du
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ‡Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gulay Filiz
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ‡Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Katrina M. Laughton
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Irene Volitakis
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ‡Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn A. Sharples
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- §Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robert A. Cherny
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ‡Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Simon C. Drew
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- §Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- §Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ∥Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J. Crouch
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ‡Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Barnham
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- §Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anthony R. White
- *Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- †The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ‡Centre for Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Caine J, Volitakis I, Cherny R, Varghese J, Macreadie I. Aβ Produced as a Fusion to Maltose Binding Protein Can Be Readily Purified and Stably Associates with Copper and Zinc. Protein Pept Lett 2007; 14:83-6. [PMID: 17266654 DOI: 10.2174/092986607779117263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 42 amino acid Alzheimer's Abeta peptide has been produced in E. coli as a soluble fusion to maltose binding protein (MBP). Affinity purification on amylose columns of MBP-Abeta and MBP led to the recovery of proteins at purities that were suited for physicochemical analyses. MBP-Abeta was able to bind approximately 2 mole equivalents of copper or 4 mole equivalents of zinc, while MBP alone bound negligible amounts of zinc or copper. We conclude that Abeta can bind 2 copper or 4 zinc ions in its fusion format. Because MBP-Abeta is a convenient protein to work with, this system is well suited for further studies on the structure of Abeta and its interactions with metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caine
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Parkville, Australia.
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Abstract
Corticotrophs were long thought to be a static, homogeneous population of cells that respond positively to hypothalamic stimulation, are inhibited by glucocorticoid feedback and secrete a single biologically active peptide, ACTH(1-39). Our current understanding is that this is an oversimplification and corticotrophs are a dynamic and more complex group of cells. The biosynthetic precursors of ACTH and other cleavage products of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) have been found to be secreted by anterior pituitary cells, to circulate and to have biological activity. POMC and the biosynthetic intermediate, pro-ACTH, exert activity antagonistic to ACTH(1-39) on glucocorticoid secretion by adrenal cells, and other derivatives of POMC are mitogenic to adrenocortical cells. In terms of responses to hypothalamic and peripheral factors, corticotrophs are functionally heterogeneous. This is reflected in the sensitivity of individual subtypes of corticotrophs to CRH, vasopressin and glucocorticoids. There is a functional plasticity amongst the various types of corticotrophs. During gestation, in fetal sheep, changes occur in the overall ACTH-secretory responses to CRH relative to vasopressin, the proportions of total corticotrophs that respond to the respective peptides and the average secretory response of individual cells. Corticotrophs also respond to locally produced pituitary factors. Local actions of leukaemia inhibitory factor are demonstrated by the effects of immunoneutralization of the peptide in pituitary cells. Urocortin and preproTRH(178-199) are locally produced peptides with potent stimulatory and inhibitory actions on corticotrophs, respectively. The specific roles of these peptides are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schwartz
- Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Damron
- Department of Orthopedics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse 13202, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schwartz
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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