Alkaloids from the stem barks of Scutia buxifolia Reissek (Rhamnaceae): Structures and antimicrobial evaluation

A reinvestigation of the chemical constituents of the stem barks of Scutia buxifolia, a member of the Rhamnaceae, resulted, along with the known alkaloids scutianine C and scutianene L, in the isolation of three undescribed diastereoisomeric alkaloids - scutianine N, 27-epi-scutianine N and 3, 4, 7-tri-epi-scutianine N -, one undescribed non macrocyclic alkaloid - scutianine Q - and a neutral compound -scutianene M. Their structures were determined using extensive NMR techniques and HRMS. The absolute configurations of the stereogenic centers of the three diastereoisomeric alkaloids have been assigned by gas chromatography employing modified cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases. Scutianine Q had its structure and stereochemistry defined by single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. All tested compounds showed good to moderate antibacterial activity (MICs between 1.56 and 100 μg mL-1) when evaluated in vitro against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Some stereochemistry-activity relationships have been identified for the antibacterial activity of diastereoisomeric alkaloids against the Gram-negative bacteria Enterobacter aerogenes. The alkaloid 27-epi-scutianine N was as active as the standard antibiotic chloramphenicol (MIC = 1.56 μg mL-1), while scutianine N and 3,4,27-tris-epi-Scutianine N were inactive (>100 μg mL-1).

Synthesis of unprotected glyco-alkynones via molybdenum-catalyzed carbonylative Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction

Herein we report a novel Mo-catalyzed carbonylative Sonogashira cross-coupling between 2-iodoglycals and terminal alkynes. The reaction displays major improvements compared to a related Pd-catalyzed procedure previously published by our group, such as utilizing unprotected sugar derivatives as starting materials and tolerance to substrates bearing chelating groups. In this work we also demonstrate the utility of the glyco-alkynone products as platform for further functionalization by synthesizing glyco-flavones via Au-catalyzed 6-endo-dig cyclization.

Thermal ellipsoid representation of compound 3a.

Physicochemical characterization, released profile, and antinociceptive activity of diphenhydraminium ibuprofenate supported on mesoporous silica

The thermal, physical, and morphological properties of diphenhydraminium ibuprofenate ([DIP][IBU]) adsorbed onto mesoporous silica (SiO₂-60 Å and SiO₂-90 Å) from solution were determined. The thermal, physical, and morphological properties of [DIP][IBU] supported on silica were determined. The adsorption of [DIP][IBU] on the pores and surface of silica was proven by N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms. Additionally, release profiles were determined for all systems, and the antinociceptive activity of neat [DIP][IBU] and [DIP][IBU] supported on silica were determined. The interaction of [DIP][IBU] and silica was dependent on pore size, with the formation of a [DIP][IBU] monolayer on SiO₂-60 and a multilayer on SiO₂-90. The release profile was sustained and slow and dependent on the pore size of the silica, in which the smaller the pore size, the faster the release. The nociceptive evaluation showed that [DIP][IBU] presents a greater (99.21 ± 0.85%) antinociceptive effect than the ibuprofen (46 ± 4.3%). Additionally, [DIP][IBU] on SiO₂-60 (90 ± 5.8%) had a greater antinociceptive effect than on SiO₂-90 (73 ± 13.2%), which indicates that in vivo tests are in accordance with the in vitro experiments.

Synthesis and structural chemistry of CoII, CuII, CuI and PdII complexes containing a flexible monoselenoether ligand

A monoselenoether ligand (PySeCH₂Py) reacts with Co^II, Cu^II, Cu^I and Pd^II resulting in the formation of molecular, polymeric or cyclometallated complexes depending on the starting material used and the reaction conditions applied.

Crystal structure of 4-formylpyridine semicarbazone hemihydrate

The mol­ecule of the title compound C₇H₈N₄O·0.5H₂O, alternatively called (E)-1-(pyridin-4-yl­methyl­ene)semi­carb­azide hemihydrate, is in the E conformation and is almost planar; the r.m.s. deviation of the positions of the atoms of the pyridine ring from the best-fit plane is 0.0039 Å. The C, N and O atoms of the rest of the mol­ecule sits close on this plane with a largest deviation of 0.115 (4) Å for the O atom of the semicarbazone moiety. There is an intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into an infinite three-dimensional network by classical N—H⋯O_s (s = semicarbazone) and O_w—H⋯N (w = water) hydrogen bonds.

A new sesquiterpene lactone and other constituents of Moquiniastrum polymorphum subsp. floccosum (Asteraceae)

A new guaianolide, 1S, 3S, 5R, 6S, 7S, 11R-l-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydrozaluzanin C (1), was isolated from Moquiniastrum polymorphum subsp. floccosum trunk bark, together with fifteen known compounds, which were identified as 11α,13-dihydroglucozaluzanin C (2), 8α-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydrozaluzanin C (3), zaluzanin C (4), gochnatiolide B (5), ethyl caffeate (6), methyl chlorogenate (7), ethyl chlorogenate (8), methyl 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinate (9), ethyl 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinate (10), methyl 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinate (11), ethyl 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinate (12), ethyl 3,4-dicaffeoyl quinate (13), 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (14), 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (15), and 3,4-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (16). With the exception of 5, all known compounds are being reported for the first time in M. polymorphum.

A New Sesquiterpene Lactone and Other Constituents of Moquiniastrum polymorphum subsp. floccosum (Asteraceae)

A new guaianolide, 1 S, 3 S, 5 R, 6 S, 7 S, 11 R-1-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydrozaluzanin C (1), was isolated from Moquiniastrum polymorphum subsp. floccosum trunk bark, together with fifteen known compounds, which were identified as 11α,13-dihydroglucozaluzanin C (2), 8α-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydrozaluzanin C (3), zaluzanin C (4), gochnatiolide B (5), ethyl caffeate (6), methyl chlorogenate (7), ethyl chlorogenate (8), methyl 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinate (9), ethyl 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinate (10), methyl 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinate (11), ethyl 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinate (12), ethyl 3,4-dicaffeoyl quinate (13), 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (14), 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (15), and 3,4-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (16). With the exception of 5, all known compounds are being reported for the first time in M. polymorphum.

Nickel(II) complexes with methyl(2-pyridyl)ketone oxime: synthesis, crystal structures and DFT calculations

The synthesis and structural characterization of the three novel nickel(II) complexes [Ni(OOCPh)(2)(mpkoH)(2)] (1), [Ni(NO(3))(2)(mpkoH)(2)] (2) and [Ni(mpkoH)(3)](NO(3))(2)·½H(2)O (3·½H(2)O), with mpkoH=methyl(2-pyridyl)ketone oxime is reported. Geometry optimization and population analyses were performed by means of DFT calculations for the previously mentioned compounds as well as for [NiCl(2)(mpkoH)(2)] (4). Electronic UV-vis spectra were also simulated in the TD-DFT framework to assign the origin of the absorption bands and in doing so, to have a clear picture of the absorptive features of the coordination compounds under investigation.

(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)(phenyl)phosphinic acid

The crystal structure of the title compound, C₁₉H₁₅O₂P, features pairs of mol­ecules joined by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds across crystallographic inversion centers. In addition, π–π inter­actions, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.6273 (9) Å between the fluorene ring systems, connect the dimers into chains along [01-1]. The three rings make dihedral angles of 1.34 (9), 1.52 (10) and 1.51 (7)° with each other.

Redetermination ofcis-bis(ethylenediamine-κ2N,N′)bis(nitrito-κN)cobalt(III) (ethylenediamine-κ2N,N′)tetrakis(nitrito-κN)cobaltate(III) monohydrate

The structure of the title compound, [Co(NO₂)₂(NH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂)₂][Co(NO₂)₄(NH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂)]·H₂O, was redetermined with a modern CCD-equipped diffractometer. In comparison with the original determination based on photographic data [Kushi et al. (1976 ▶). Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 12, 629–633], the current study allows the location of reliable postions for the H atoms and thus leads to better understanding of the inter­ionic and inter­molecular inter­actions. The crystal structure consists of an octa­hedrally coordinated cationic Co^III complex ion, an octa­hedrally coordinated anionic Co^III complex ion and a lattice water mol­ecule. The complex cation, complex anion and lattice water mol­ecule are connected by an intricate network of O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional structure.

rac-Eth-yl(phen-yl)phosphinic acid

The crystal structure of the title compound, C8H11O2P, features O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link mol-ecules related by the b-glide plane into chains along [010].

Absolute configuration of franganine

The absolute configuration of franganine (1), a cyclopeptide alkaloid isolated from the methanol root bark extract of Discaria americana, was established on the basis of detailed NMR spectroscopic data and X-ray diffraction analysis of its salt (2).

Meth-yl(phen-yl)phosphinic acid

The crystal structure of the title compound, C₇H₉O₂P, displays O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding , which links individual mol­ecules related via the c-glide plane and translational symmetry along the crystallographic b-axis direction into continuous chains.

Cyclopeptide alkaloids from Scutia buxifolia Reiss

Scutianene E (1), 3,4,28-tris-epi-scutiaene E (2), 28-epi-scutianene E (3) and scutianene L (4), four neutral cyclopeptide alkaloids, were isolated from Scutia buxifolia Reiss, together with four known cyclopeptide alkaloids, scutianines B, C, D and E. Scutianenes 1-3 are diastereoisomeric compounds, with 3-hydroxyleucine as a β-hydroxy amino acid unit, which is connected to the styryl fragment via an ether bridge, β-phenylserine, as a common ring-bonded amino acid residue. Attached to the amino group of β-hydroxyamino acid is a side chain [trans-CH=CH-Ph]. The structures of the peptides were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 2D NMR studies. The stereochemistry for the diastereomeric 3,4,28-tris-epi-scutiaene E and 28-epi-scutianene E was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis of their O-acetyl derivatives.

Benzyl(phenyl)phosphinic acid

The title compound, C₁₃H₁₃O₂P, crystallized as enanti­omerically pure crystals; for the crystal measured, the P atom has R stereochemistry. The crystal structure displays O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, which links individual mol­ecules related by a 2₁ screw axis parallel to the crystallographic a-axis direction into continuous chains.

Design and microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles: Novel agents with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties

In this work, we reported the synthesis and evaluation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of novel 3- or 4-substituted 5-trifluoromethyl-5-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-carboxyamidepyrazoles (where 3-/4-substituent=H/H, Me/H, Et/H, Pr/H, i-Pr/H, Bu/H, t-Bu/H, Ph/H, 4-Br-Ph/H and H/Me) designed in the exploration of the bioisosteric replacement of benzene present in salicylamide with a 5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole scaffold. Target compounds were synthesized from the cyclocondensation of 4-alkoxy-1,1,1-trifluoromethyl-3-alken-2-ones with semicarbazide hydrochloride through a rapid one-pot reaction via microwave irradiation. In addition to spectroscopic data, the structure of the compounds was supported by X-ray diffraction. Subcutaneous administration of the 5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles decreased pain-related behavior during neurogenic and inflammatory phases of the formalin test in mice. Moreover, the more active analgesic compounds (3-/4-=Et/H and H/Me) significantly decreased carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The data obtained in this work suggest that the synthesized compounds could be promising candidates for the future development of novel analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.

Quinolone alkaloids from Waltheria douradinha

A phytochemical investigation of the stems of Waltheria douradinha resulted in isolation of two 4-quinolone alkaloids, waltherione B and vanessine, along with three known alkaloids, waltherione A, antidesmone and O-methyltembamide. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, and from X-ray crystallographic analysis of waltherione A and the O-methyl derivative of waltherione B. Additionally, waltherione B and vanessine, and the O- and N-methyl derivatives of waltherione A and waltherione B, were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities; only vanessine displayed any (weak) antimicrobial activity.

2-(4,5-Dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)quinoline

The title compound, C(12)H(10)N(2)O, is approximately planar. The angle between the quinoline and 4,5-dihydro-oxazole ring systems is 11.91 (12)°. The mol-ecules pack into a herringbone array with no significant π-π inter-actions. The dihydro-oxazole N and O atoms are disordered over two positions, with almost equal site occupancy factors.

Poly[(μ3-1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzoisothiazole-3-thiolato-κ3N:S3:S3)silver(I)]

The centrosymmetric title compound, [Ag(C(7)H(4)NO(2)S(2))]n, consists of dinuclear units in which two thiosaccharinate anions each bridge two Ag atoms via an endocyclic N atom and an exocyclic S atom across a crystallographic centre of inversion midway between the Ag atoms. The dimeric units are connected via Ag-S(exo) interactions to create two-dimensional networks. The thiosaccharinate anions bridge in a mu3-S:S:N manner. The Ag...Ag distance can be considered a strong argentophilic interaction.

Identification of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salt supramolecular aggregates in solution

The nature of the interactions between 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cations and noncoordinating anions such as tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, and tetraphenylborate has been studied in the solid state by X-ray diffraction analysis and in solution by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, conductivity, and microcalorimetry. In the solid state, these compounds show an extended network of hydrogen-bonded cations and anions in which one cation is surrounded by at least three anions and one anion is surrounded by at least three imidazolium cations. In the pure form, imidazolium salts are better described as polymeric supramolecules of the type {[(DAI)(3)(X)](2+)[(DAI)(X)(3)](2-)}(n) (where DAI is the dialkylimidazolium cation and X is the anion) formed through hydrogen bonds of the imidazolium cation with the anion. In solution, this supramolecular structural organization is maintained to a great extent, at least in solvents of low dielectric constant, indicating that mixtures of imidazolium ionic liquids with other molecules can be considered as nanostructured materials. This model is very useful for the rationalization of the majority of the unusual behavior of the ionic liquids.

Alkaloids from Melochia chamaedrys

Investigation of the chemical constituents from the roots of Melochia chamaedrys (Sterculiaceae) resulted in the isolation of two quinolinone alkaloids: a new alkaloid, named chamaedrone (1), and a known alkaloid, antidesmone (2). Their structures and stereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Furthermore, alkaloids 1 and 2, and the synthetic analogues 3-6 obtained from 2, were screened for antimicrobial activities.

Mercury Bis(phenyltellurolate) as a Precursor for the Synthesis of Binary and Ternary Nanoclusters

The reaction of Hg(TePh)2 with AgX (X = Cl, NO3) in the presence of PPh3 and PMePh2 in dimethylformamide (DMF) affords the cluster [Hg6Ag4(TePh)16] (1) at room temperature or [Hg6Ag4Te(TePh)14]2 (2) with heating. When Hg(TePh)2 is reacted with [Co(PPh3)2Cl2] or [Ni(PPh3)2Cl2], the clusters [Hg8Te(PhTe)12Cl4]Q [3; Q = [Co(DMF)6]2+ (3a), [Ni(DMF)6]2+ (3b)] are formed. The syntheses of 1 and 2 occur with the incorporation of AgI into the cluster, and the single-crystal analyses show that the two ternary clusters consist of Hg, Ag, and Te centers occupying well-defined positions. Compounds 3a and 3b do not show the incorporation of the metal into the cluster, but the CoII and NiII salts provide the Cl atom to generate the anionic cluster 3 stabilized by the [Co(DMF)6]2+ or [Ni(DMF)6]2+ ion.

catena-Poly[[(N,N-dimethylformamide-κO)(nitrato-κO)silver(I)]-μ-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane-κ2P:P′] at 100 and 293 K: temperature effects on the volume of the solvent pocket

In the title chain compound, [Ag(NO(3))(C(3)H(7)NO)(C(26)H(24)P(2))](n), the bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) components lie across centres of inversion. The dppe units link the Ag(+) ions into chains along [100]. A nitrate anion is coordinated to the Ag atom, together with one molecule of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. At room temperature, the coordinated DMF shows a long Ag-O distance [2.620 (3) A] and relatively large thermal motion, while at 100 K the Ag-O distance is shorter [2.5588 (19) A] and the thermal motion is similar to that of the rest of the complex. The behaviour of the DMF molecule is related to the size of the solvent pocket, viz. 146 A(3) at 293 K and 131 A(3) at 100 K.