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Xia Y, Katz M, Chandramohan D, Bechor E, Podgursky B, Hoxie M, Zhang Q, Chertman W, Kang J, Blue E, Chen J, Schleede J, Slotnick NR, Du X, Boostanfar R, Urcia E, Behr B, Cohen J, Siddiqui N. The first clinical validation of whole-genome screening on standard trophectoderm biopsies of preimplantation embryos. F S Rep 2024; 5:63-71. [PMID: 38524212 PMCID: PMC10958695 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To validate the performance of our laboratory-developed whole-genome screening assay within clinical preimplantation genetic testing environments. Design Perform a laboratory-developed whole-genome assay on both cell lines and trophectoderm biopsies, subsequently employing the next-generation sequencing procedure to reach a sequencing depth of 30X. Adhere to the Genome Analysis Toolkit best practices for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision calculations by comparing samples with references. Our assay was then applied to cell lines and biopsies harboring known pathogenic variants, aiming to ascertain these changes solely from the next-generation sequencing data, independent of parental genome information. Settings Clinical laboratory. Patients Coriell cell lines and research embryos with known chromosomal or genetic variants. Research trophectoderm biopsies from a couple that are heterozygous carriers for distinct variants in the same autosomal recessive gene (HOGA1). Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision were assessed by comparing the samples to their references. For samples with known variants, we calculated our sensitivity to detecting established variants. For the research embryos, noncarrier, carrier, and compound heterozygous states of inherited HOGA1 variants were distinguished independently of parental samples. Results Amplification of DNA from cell lines and embryos yielded success rates exceeding 99.9% and 98.2%, respectively, although maintaining an accuracy of >99.9% for aneuploidy assessment. The accuracy (99.99%), specificity (99.99%), sensitivity (98.0%), and precision (98.1%) of amplified genome in the bottle (reference NA12878) and embryo biopsies were comparable to results on genomic DNA, including mitochondrial heteroplasmy. Using our assay, we achieved >99.99% sensitivity when examining samples with known chromosomal and genetic variants. This encompassed pathogenic CFTR, BRCA1, and other variants, along with uniparental isodisomies and microdeletions such as DiGeorge syndrome. Our research study identified noncarrier, carrier, and compound heterozygous states within trophectoderm biopsies while simultaneously screening for 1,300 other severe monogenic diseases. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first clinical validation of whole-genome embryo screening. In this study, we demonstrated high accuracy for aneuploidy calls (>99.9%) and genetic variants (99.99%), even in the absence of parental genomes. This assay demonstrates advancements in genomic screening and an extended scope for testing capabilities in the realm of preimplantation genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xia
- Laboratory Department, Orchid Health, Palo Alto, California
| | - Maria Katz
- Laboratory Department, Orchid Health, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Elan Bechor
- Laboratory Department, Orchid Health, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Michael Hoxie
- Laboratory Department, Orchid Health, Palo Alto, California
| | - Qinnan Zhang
- Laboratory Department, Orchid Health, Palo Alto, California
| | - Willy Chertman
- Laboratory Department, Orchid Health, Palo Alto, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoli Du
- Laboratory Department, Orchid Health, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Eric Urcia
- HRC Fertility-Encino, Encino, California
| | - Barry Behr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Stanford University, Sunnyvale, California
| | | | - Noor Siddiqui
- Laboratory Department, Orchid Health, Palo Alto, California
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Westemeyer M, Saucier J, Wallace J, Prins SA, Shetty A, Malhotra M, Demko ZP, Eng CM, Weckstein L, Boostanfar R, Rabinowitz M, Benn P, Keen-Kim D, Billings P. Correction: Clinical experience with carrier screening in a general population: support for a comprehensive pan-ethnic approach. Genet Med 2020; 22:1282. [PMID: 32483296 PMCID: PMC7332416 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Munné S, Kaplan B, Frattarelli JL, Child T, Nakhuda G, Shamma FN, Silverberg K, Kalista T, Handyside AH, Katz-Jaffe M, Wells D, Gordon T, Stock-Myer S, Willman S, Lavery S, Carby A, Boostanfar R, Forman R, Sedler M, Jackson A, Jordan K, Schoolcraft W, Katz-Jaffe M, McReynolds S, Schnell V, Loy R, Chantilis S, Ku L, Kaplan B, Frattarelli J, Morales A, Craig HR, Perloe M, Witz C, Wang WH, Wilcox J, Norian J, Thompson SM, Chen S, Garrisi J, Walmsley R, Mendola R, Shamma FN, Pang S, Sakkas D, Rooney K, Sneeringer R, Glassner M, Stock-Myer S, Wilton L, Martic M, Coleman P, Shepley S, Nakhuda G, Child T, Mounce G, Griffiths T, Feinberg RF, Blauer K, Reggio B, Rhinehart R, Ziegler W, Ahmed H, Kratka S, Willman S, Rosenbluth E, Ivani K, Thyer A, Silverberg K, Minter T, Miller C, Gysler M, Saunders P, Casper R, Conway D, Gordon T, Hughes M, Large M, Blazek J, Munné S, Wells D, Fragouli E, Alfarawati S. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy versus morphology as selection criteria for single frozen-thawed embryo transfer in good-prognosis patients: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Fertil Steril 2019; 112:1071-1079.e7. [PMID: 31551155 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the benefit of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) for embryo selection in frozen-thawed embryo transfer. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Women aged 25-40 years undergoing IVF with at least two blastocysts that could be biopsied. INTERVENTION(S) Randomization for single frozen-thawed embryo transfer with embryo selection based on PGT-A euploid status versus morphology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) at 20 weeks' gestation per embryo transfer. RESULT(S) A total of 661 women (average age 33.7 ± 3.6 years) were randomized to PGT-A (n = 330) or morphology alone (n = 331). The OPR was equivalent between the two arms, with no significant difference per embryo transfer (50% [137/274] vs. 46% [143/313]) or per intention to treat (ITT) at randomization (41.8% [138/330] vs. 43.5% [144/331]). Post hoc analysis of women aged 35-40 years showed a significant increase in OPR per embryo transfer (51% [62/122] vs. 37% [54/145]) but not per ITT. CONCLUSION(S) PGT-A did not improve overall pregnancy outcomes in all women, as analyzed per embryo transfer or per ITT. There was a significant increase in OPR per embryo transfer with the use of PGT-A in the subgroup of women aged 35-40 years who had two or more embryos that could be biopsied, but this was not significant when analyzed by ITT. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02268786.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Munné
- Cooper Genomics, Livingston, New Jersey; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Brian Kaplan
- Highland Park IVF Center, Fertility Centers of Illinois, Highland Park, Illinois
| | | | - Tim Child
- Oxford Fertility, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Nakhuda
- Olive Fertility Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Kaylen Silverberg
- Texas Fertility Center, Austin, Texas; Ovation Fertility, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Alan H Handyside
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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Griesinger G, Boostanfar R, Gordon K, Gates D, McCrary Sisk C, Stegmann BJ. Corifollitropin alfa versus recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:56-60. [PMID: 27178762 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted of individual patient data (n = 3292) from three randomized controlled trials of corifollitropin alfa versus rFSH: Engage (150 µg corifollitropin alfa n = 756; 200 IU rFSH n = 750), Ensure (100 µg corifollitropin alfa n = 268; 150 IU rFSH n = 128), and Pursue (150 µg corifollitropin alfa n = 694; 300 IU rFSH n = 696). Women with regular menstrual cycles aged 18-36 and body weight >60 kg (Engage) or ≤60 kg (Ensure), or women aged 35-42 years and body weight ≥50 kg (Pursue), received a single injection (100 µg or 150 µg) of corifollitropin alfa (based on body weight and age) or daily rFSH. The difference (corifollitropin alfa minus rFSH) in the number of oocytes retrieved was +1.0 (95% CI: 0.5-1.5); vital pregnancy rate: -2.2% (95% CI: -5.3%-0.9%); ongoing pregnancy rate: -1.7% (95% CI: -4.7%-1.4%); and live birth rate: -2.0% (95% CI: -5.0%-1.1%). The odds ratio for overall OHSS was 1.15 (95% CI: 0.82-1.61), and for moderate-to-severe OHSS: 1.29 (95% CI: 0.81-2.05). A single dose of corifollitropin alfa for the first 7 days of ovarian stimulation is a generally well-tolerated and similarly effective treatment compared with daily rFSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Griesinger
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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Boostanfar R, Gates D, Guan Y, Gordon K, McCrary Sisk C, Stegmann BJ. Efficacy and safety of frozen-thawed embryo transfer in women aged 35 to 42 years from the PURSUE randomized clinical trial. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:300-305.e5. [PMID: 27090863 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy and safety of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FTET) cycles with supernumerary embryos cryopreserved during a randomized clinical trial (PURSUE). DESIGN Follow-up clinical study. SETTING In vitro fertilization (IVF) centers. PATIENT(S) Infertile women 35 to 42 years of age. INTERVENTION(S) In PURSUE, women were randomized to a single injection of 150 μg of corifollitropin alfa (n = 694) or daily 300 IU of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (recombinant FSH; n = 696) for the first 7 days of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cumulative vital pregnancy rate per-patient by treatment group, cumulative live-birth rate per-patient by treatment group, and occurrence of adverse events in (pregnant) women and their fetuses/infants and the incidence of congenital malformations in the infants. RESULT(S) Of the 1,390 treated women in PURSUE, 307 were enrolled in the FTET study. In PURSUE or a subsequent FTET cycle, the cumulative vital pregnancy rate (per patient) was 31.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.7%; 34.7%) with corifollitropin alfa versus 33.0% (95% CI: 29.6%; 36.7%) with recombinant FSH; treatment difference, -1.8% (95% CI, -6.5%; 3.0%), and the cumulative live-birth rate (per patient) was 28.2% (95% CI, 24.9%; 31.8%) with corifollitropin alfa versus 29.5% (95% CI, 26.1%; 33.0%) with recombinant FSH; treatment difference, -1.2% (95% CI, -5.7%; 3.4%). There were no clinically relevant differences in safety outcomes collected from pregnant women or their infants after transfer of cryopreserved embryos obtained by treatment with corifollitropin alfa or recombinant FSH. CONCLUSION(S) The cumulative vital pregnancy and live-birth rates (from fresh cycles and FTET) were similar in women treated with corifollitropin alfa and recombinant FSH. No new safety signals were detected in this follow-up FTET study. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01146418.
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Boostanfar R, Gates D, Guan Y, Gordon K, Stegmann B. Efficacy and safety of frozen-thawed embryo transfer in older women from the pursue trial. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shapiro D, Boostanfar R, Silverberg K, Yanushpolsky EH. Examining the evidence: progesterone supplementation during fresh and frozen embryo transfer. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 29 Suppl 1:S1-14; quiz S15-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(14)50063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Boostanfar R, Frederick J. Successful outcomes of fresh and frozen donor ovum cycles among recipients using oral estradiol and vaginal progesterone GEL vs intramuscular and vaginal progesterone. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Devroey P, Boostanfar R, Koper N, Mannaerts B, Verweij P, Stegmann B, IJzerman-Boon P, Fauser B. A double-blind, non-inferiority RCT comparing corifollitropin alfa and recombinant FSH during the first seven days of ovarian stimulation using a GnRH antagonist protocol. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:1116-1120. [PMCID: PMC4989382 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Devroey
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B.C.J.M. Fauser
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gordon K, Boostanfar R, Stegmann B, Verweij P. Adverse Events and OHSS by Age Category in IVF Centers in North America: Data from the Pursue and Engage Trials. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Conaghan J, Chen AA, Willman SP, Ivani K, Chenette PE, Boostanfar R, Baker VL, Adamson GD, Abusief ME, Gvakharia M, Loewke KE, Shen S. Improving embryo selection using a computer-automated time-lapse image analysis test plus day 3 morphology: results from a prospective multicenter trial. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:412-9.e5. [PMID: 23721712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the first computer-automated platform for time-lapse image analysis and blastocyst prediction and to determine how the screening information may assist embryologists in day 3 (D3) embryo selection. DESIGN Prospective, multicenter, cohort study. SETTING Five IVF clinics in the United States. PATIENT(S) One hundred sixty women ≥ 18 years of age undergoing fresh IVF treatment with basal antral follicle count ≥ 8, basal FSH <10 IU/mL, and ≥ 8 normally fertilized oocytes. INTERVENTION(S) A noninvasive test combining time-lapse image analysis with the cell-tracking software, Eeva (Early Embryo Viability Assessment), was used to measure early embryo development and generate usable blastocyst predictions by D3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Improvement in the ability of experienced embryologists to select which embryos are likely to develop to usable blastocysts using D3 morphology alone, compared with morphology plus Eeva. RESULT(S) Experienced embryologists using Eeva in combination with D3 morphology significantly improved their ability to identify embryos that would reach the usable blastocyst stage (specificity for each of three embryologists using morphology vs. morphology plus Eeva: 59.7% vs. 86.3%, 41.9% vs. 84.0%, 79.5% vs. 86.6%). Adjunctive use of morphology plus Eeva improved embryo selection by enabling embryologists to better discriminate which embryos would be unlikely to develop to blastocyst and was particularly beneficial for improving selection among good-morphology embryos. Adjunctive use of morphology plus Eeva also reduced interindividual variability in embryo selection. CONCLUSION(S) Previous studies have shown improved implantation rates for blastocyst transfer compared with cleavage-stage transfer. Addition of Eeva to the current embryo grading process may improve the success rates of cleavage-stage ETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Conaghan
- Pacific Fertility Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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Chen A, Loewke K, Willman S, Chenette P, Boostanfar R, Shen S. Prediction of embryo viability using validated cell division time intervals measured by time-lapse imaging. Fertil Steril 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Boostanfar R. Contemporary Outcomes of Fresh Donor Ovum Cycles Among Recipients Using Oral Estradiol and Vaginal Progesterone Gel. Fertil Steril 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ingerslev H, Hindkjaer J, Kirkegaard K, Teranishi Y, Ando H, Takayanagi T, Suzuki N, Moroi H, Mukai M, Shen S, Chen AA, Willman SP, Chenette PE, Boostanfar R, Baker VL, Abusief M, Suraj V, Wirka K, Loewke K, Meseguer M, Tejera A, Herrero J, de los Santos M, Viloria T, Remohi J, Gamiz P, Basile N, Munoz M, Marcos J, Requena A, Meseguer M. SESSION 16: EMBRYOLOGY - EMBRYO IN MOTION. Hum Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/27.s2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Boostanfar R, Mannaerts B, Witjes H, Devroey P. international differences in IVF live birth rates and cumulative ongoing pregnancy rates following ovarian stimulation with corifollitropin alfa or recombinant FSH. Fertil Steril 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Boostanfar R, Devroey P, Oberye J, Mannaerts B, Hamoda H, Sunkara S, Khalaf Y, Braude P, El-Toukhy T, Clark E, Metwally M, Lashen H, Jonsdottir I, Lundin K, Bergh C, Garrido N, Bellver J, Remohi J, Simon C, Pellicer A, Datta AK, Vitthala S, Tozer A, Zosmer A, Sabatini L, Davis C, Al-Shawaf T. Session 32: Efficacy in ART. Hum Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/de.25.s1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Werthman P, Boostanfar R, Chang W, Chung K, Danzer H, Koopersmith T, Ringler G, Shamonki M, Surrey M, Vermesh M. Use of Testicular Sperm/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Yields High Pregnancy Rates in Couples who Failed Multiple In Vitro Fertilization Cycles Owing to High Levels of Sperm DNA Fragmentation. Fertil Steril 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Devroey P, Boostanfar R, Koper NP, Mannaerts BMJL, Ijzerman-Boon PC, Fauser BCJM. A double-blind, non-inferiority RCT comparing corifollitropin alfa and recombinant FSH during the first seven days of ovarian stimulation using a GnRH antagonist protocol. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:3063-72. [PMID: 19684043 PMCID: PMC2777786 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corifollitropin alfa, a fusion protein lacking LH activity, has a longer elimination half-life and extended time to peak levels than recombinant FSH (rFSH). A single injection of corifollitropin alfa may replace seven daily gonadotrophin injections during the first week of ovarian stimulation. METHODS In this large, double-blind, randomized, non-inferiority trial the ongoing pregnancy rates were assessed after one injection of 150 µg corifollitropin alfa during the first week of stimulation and compared with daily injections of 200 IU rFSH using a standard GnRH antagonist protocol. RESULTS The study population comprised 1506 treated patients with mean age of 31.5 years and body weight of 68.6 kg. Ongoing pregnancy rates of 38.9% for the corifollitropin alfa group and 38.1% for rFSH were achieved, with an estimated non-significant difference of 0.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): −3.9; 5.7] in favor of corifollitropin alfa. Stratified analyses of pregnancy rates confirmed robustness of this primary outcome by showing similar results regardless of IVF or ICSI, or number of embryos transferred. A slightly higher follicular response with corifollitropin alfa resulted in a higher number of cumulus–oocyte-complexes compared with rFSH [estimated difference 1.2 (95% CI: 0.5; 1.9)], whereas median duration of stimulation was equal (9 days) and incidence of (moderate/severe) ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was the same (4.1 and 2.7%, respectively P = 0.15). CONCLUSION Corifollitropin alfa is a novel and effective treatment option for potential normal responder patients undergoing ovarian stimulation with GnRH antagonist co-treatment for IVF resulting in a high ongoing pregnancy rate, equal to that achieved with daily rFSH. The trial was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NTC00696800.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Devroey
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Koper N, Boostanfar R, Devroey P, Fauser B, IJzerman-Boon P, Mannaerts B. Corifollitropin alfa demonstrates similar pregnancy rates as compared to daily recombinant FSH treatment in a controlled ovarian stimulation regimen for IVF/ICSI. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Potter D, Khoury C, Frederick J, Boostanfar R, Tourgeman D, Behr B. Microsort® improves per cycle pregnancy rates in patients undergoing in vitro fertiliztion/pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for gender selection. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Boostanfar R, Tourgeman D, Feinman M. Patient Friendly IVF — A Gonadotropin Stimulation Protocol of 10-Injections Total. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Le A, Boostanfar R, Feinman M, Behr B. P-6. Fertil Steril 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang H, Wen Y, Polan ML, Boostanfar R, Feinman M, Behr B. Regulation of cyclooxygenase activity in cultured endometrial stromal cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Fertil Steril 2006; 85 Suppl 1:1118-24. [PMID: 16616083 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Revised: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to regulate cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme activity and prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis, specifically PGE2 production in stromal cells, neither of which have been addressed in the literature. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Department of obstetrics and gynecology at a university hospital. PATIENT(S) Human luteal phase endometrium was obtained from surgical specimens (n = 6) for clinical indications. INTERVENTION(S) Confluent stromal cells were stimulated with GM-CSF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Expression of COX mRNA, COX enzyme activity, and PGE2 level in cultured stromal cells. RESULT(S) Confluent stromal cell cultures treated with P and E2 for 9 days were stimulated with GM-CSF. After treatment of 12 hours, low-dose GM-CSF (0.001-0.1 ng/mL) increased COX-2 mRNA levels in stromal cell, whereas high dose GM-CSF (1-100 ng/mL) decreased COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA levels. After treatment of 48 hours, low concentrations of GM-CSF (0.001-0.1 ng/mL) increased total COX and COX-2 enzyme activity, whereas high concentrations of GM-CSF (1-100 ng/mL) inhibited COX and COX-2 activity; The PGE2 levels decreased by 31% to 393.3 pg/mL (P < .05) with concentrations of GM-CSF increasing from 1 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL. CONCLUSION(S) There appeared to be a biphasic pattern of COX-2 enzyme response to GM-CSF with low concentrations increasing activity and high concentrations inhibiting activity. It is possible that GM-CSF may provide critical regulation of PG production in the preimplantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Huntington Reproductive Center, Westlake Village, California 91361, USA.
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Wang H, Le A, Boostanfar R, Feinman M, Behr B. Postthaw Embryo Compaction is Predictive of the Success of Frozen-Thawed Transfer. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang H, Wen Y, Polan ML, Boostanfar R, Feinman M, Behr B. Exogenous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes follicular development in the newborn rat in vivo. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2749-56. [PMID: 15958400 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression and selective cellular localization of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and its receptor in ovarian tissue imply an autocrine/paracrine role in ovarian function. Evidence indicating a functional role for GM-CSF in ovarian follicular cell function has been provided by studies with GM-CSF knockout (GM-/-) mice, which suggest that GM-CSF influences events associated with murine follicular maturation. METHODS Immature female rats were treated with GM-CSF, FSH or saline for 5 or 10 days. Ovaries were collected for histologic examination and immunostaining determination of CYP17, a theca cell marker. In addition, ovarian section slides were evaluated by immunofluorescence for CD45, an ovarian leukocyte marker. To investigate the possible mechanism of GM-CSF action on follicular development, theca-interstitial cells (T-I) were separated and cultured. Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of GM-CSF, then evaluated for CYP17 mRNA and protein expression assays. RESULTS After 10 days of treatment with GM-CSF, the number of small preantral and large preantral follicles was significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, treatment with FSH increased the number of small preantral and large preantral follicles (P < 0.05). CD45 expression measured by immunofluorescence was not different in the three groups, indicating that the distribution of leukocytes was unchanged. In addition, CYP17 was increased in the T-I cells both in vivo and in vitro after GM-CSF treatment. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that GM-CSF may play a significant role in follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Huntington Reproductive Center, Westlake Village, CA 91361, USA.
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Wang H, Le A, Boostanfar R, Feinman M, Behr B. Regulation of CYP17 Expression in Theca-Interstitial Cells by GM-CSF. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang H, Le A, Boostanfar R, Feinman M, Behr B. The Clinical Outcomes of Cryopreserved Pronuclear Embryos from Standard IVF and ICSI. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the incidence of monozygotic twins following blastocyst versus day-3 embryo transfer (ET). METHODS A retrospective analysis of the outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles utilizing blastocyst ET during 1999-2000 was compared to a similar group of patients undergoing day-3 ET during 1997-1998. RESULTS Blastocyst ET was used in 75 cycles with 2.0 +/- 2 embryos transferred. The comparison group consisted of 90 cycles with day-3 ET and 3.0 +/- 2 embryos transferred. CONCLUSIONS High pregnancy rates are maintained with blastocyst ET even though fewer embryos are transferred. The rate of monozygotic twins is higher with blastocyst ET than with day-3 ET. This increase may partially negate the benefit of reduced high-order multiple gestations attributed to blastocyst ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Jain
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Feinman M, Boostanfar R, Le A, Potter D, Khoury C, Behr B. Culturing cryopreserved cleavage stage embryos to blastocysts is a cost-effective method of utilizing frozen embryos. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Feinman M, Boostanfar R, Le A, Gao C. A comparison of down-regulation vs. antagonist protocols in ovum donor ccycles. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Saadat P, Boostanfar R, Slater CC, Tourgeman DE, Stanczyk FZ, Paulson RJ. Accelerated endometrial maturation in the luteal phase of cycles utilizing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: impact of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists versus antagonists. Fertil Steril 2004; 82:167-71. [PMID: 15237007 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2003] [Revised: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the endometrium obtained during the luteal phase of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycles utilizing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists, and to compare these findings with those obtained in cycles utilizing a GnRH agonist and with artificial cycles among recipients. DESIGN Prospective evaluation of oocyte donors. SETTING University-based in vitro fertilization (IVF) center. PATIENT(S) Fifteen oocyte donors undergoing standard COH were enrolled in 1 of 3 COH groups, and 40 recipients of oocyte donation were used as a control group. INTERVENTION(S) Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and endometrial biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Histological dating of endometrial biopsies, serum estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone levels. RESULT(S) On the day of oocyte retrieval, endometrial maturation was advanced by an average of 5.8 +/- 0.4 days in the antagonist group and 5.9 +/- 0.7 days in the agonist group. This advancement persisted on day 7 postoocyte retrieval. Serum progesterone levels were elevated before human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, but remained similar in both groups. CONCLUSION(S) Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is associated with elevated progesterone levels in the late follicular phase and accelerated endometrial maturation in the subsequent luteal phase. No significant differences exist between preretrieval serial serum progesterone levels and luteal phase endometrial histology between cycles utilizing GnRH agonists or antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Saadat
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, and Good Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
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Boostanfar R, Feinman M, Gao C, Le A, Behr B. Standardization of transvaginal ultrasound guided embryo transfer post fellowship: a case control study. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Saadat P, Boostanfar R, Poysky J, Munevar C, Stanczyk F, Buckwalter G, Roy S. A randomized prospective study comparing the effects of micronized progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate on subjective reports of physical status. Fertil Steril 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Boostanfar R, Amezcua CA, Tourgeman DE, Roy S, Felix JC, Stanczyk FZ. Growth effects of raloxifene, estradiol, medroxy-progesterone acetate, and progesterone on human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Fertil Steril 2003; 79:223-5. [PMID: 12524096 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)04409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Paulson RJ, Boostanfar R, Saadat P, Mor E, Tourgeman DE, Slater CC, Francis MM, Jain JK. Pregnancy in the sixth decade of life: obstetric outcomes in women of advanced reproductive age. JAMA 2002; 288:2320-3. [PMID: 12425710 DOI: 10.1001/jama.288.18.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT As a result of oocyte donation, women in their sixth decade of life are now able to conceive and carry pregnancies to term. However, little is known about pregnancy outcomes in this population. OBJECTIVE To describe pregnancy outcomes in women aged 50 years or older who conceived after in vitro fertilization with donor oocytes. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective analysis of cycles conducted at a US university assisted reproduction program during calendar years 1991-2001. PATIENTS Seventy-seven postmenopausal women with no chronic medical conditions (mean [SD] age, 52.8 [2.9] years; range, 50-63 years) who underwent 121 embryo transfer procedures (89 fresh and 32 frozen). Pregnancy outcomes were ascertained by chart review and telephone follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS There were 55 clinical pregnancies for a total pregnancy rate of 45.5%. The live birth rate was 37.2%. Of the 45 live births, 31 were singletons, 12 were twins, and 2 were triplets, for which the mean (SD) gestational ages at delivery were 38.4 (2.1) weeks, 35.8 (2.8) weeks, and 32.2 weeks, respectively. Mean (SD) birth weights were 3039 g (703 g), 2254 g (581 g), and 1913 g, respectively. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were 8.2 (0.9) and 9.1 (0.5), respectively. Of singletons, 68% were delivered by cesarean, and all multiples were delivered by cesarean. Mild preeclampsia was noted in 25% of patients and severe preeclampsia in 10%. Gestational diabetes required diet modification in 17.5%, and 2.5% required insulin. CONCLUSIONS Appropriately screened women aged 50 years or older can successfully conceive via oocyte donation and experience similar pregnancy rates, multiple gestation rates, and spontaneous abortion rates as younger recipients. During pregnancy, they appear at increased risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. A majority can expect to deliver via cesarean. However, there does not appear to be any definitive medical reason for excluding these women from attempting pregnancy on the basis of age alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Paulson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Women's and Children's Hospital, 1240 N Mission Rd, Los Angeles, 90033, USA.
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Tourgeman DE, Lu JJ, Boostanfar R, Amezcua C, Felix JC, Paulson RJ. Human chorionic gonadotropin suppresses ovarian epithelial neoplastic cell proliferation in vitro. Fertil Steril 2002; 78:1096-9. [PMID: 12414000 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the in vitro effects of gonadotropins on benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian cell lines. DESIGN In vitro cell culture. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENT(S) None. INTERVENTION(S) Three hormonally sensitive ovarian neoplastic cell lines were exposed to control medium, FSH (40 mIU/mL), hCG (200 mIU/mL), and a combination of FSH and hCG. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cellular proliferation measured by a colorimetric (MTT) assay. RESULT(S) Growth of the cell lines was similar when exposed to control or FSH. In the presence of hCG alone, the cell lines demonstrated decreased proliferation when compared to control or FSH alone. When hCG was given in combination with FSH, there was decreased proliferation of the cell lines compared to control or FSH alone. CONCLUSION(S) Growth of benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian epithelial cell lines is inhibited by hCG at levels, which are commonly achieved with hCG administration during ovulation induction or as a result of trophoblastic production in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Tourgeman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
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Mor E, Boostanfar R, Saadat P, Tourgeman DE, Slater CC, Paulson RJ. Pregnancy outcome at the upper extreme of reproductive age: a comparison of two recipient groups. Fertil Steril 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Saadat P, Boostanfar R, Mor E, Zhang C, Paulson R, Roy S, Stanczyk F. Effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapy on serum free testosterone levels in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Slater CC, Zhang C, Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Boostanfar R, Shoupe D, Paulson RJ, Stanczyk FZ. Comparison of estrogen and androgen levels after oral estrogen replacement therapy. J Reprod Med 2001; 46:1052-6. [PMID: 11789085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the extent of accumulation of circulating estrone (E1), total and free estradiol (E2) and estrone sulfate (E1S) levels in postmenopausal women receiving prolonged oral E2 therapy and to determine the effect of increased estrogenicity on free testosterone levels. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study involving 14 healthy postmenopausal women during a three-year period. Group 1 (n = 7) took a placebo. Group 2 (n = 7) took 1 mg micronized E2 daily. Blood samples were taken at one, two and three years. E2, E1 and total testosterone were quantified by radioimmunoassay (RIA) following extraction and celite chromatography. Free testosterone and E2 were calculated. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and E1S were quantified by RIA. RESULTS In the control group, none of the hormone levels changed significantly. Free testosterone decreased 49% in women taking E2 replacement as compared to a 7% decline in women taking placebo. In women taking E2 replacement, E1, E2, E1S, free E2 and SHBG levels increased 10, 6, 51, 2 and 2 times, respectively, between baseline and year 3. CONCLUSION E1, E2 and E1S levels significantly increased with E2 replacement. Free testosterone levels decreased with E2 replacement. Testosterone replacement may be warranted when giving postmenopausal women estrogen replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Slater
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Boostanfar R, Jain JK, Slater CC, Tourgeman DE, Francis MM, Paulson RJ. The prognostic significance of day 3 embryo cleavage stage on subsequent blastocyst development in a sequential culture system. J Assist Reprod Genet 2001; 18:548-50. [PMID: 11702768 PMCID: PMC3455315 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011953907332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine prognostic significance of blastomere number on Day 3 of culture upon subsequent blastocyst (BL) development. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted in 37 IVF subjects undergoing standard protocols and BL transfer after sequential embryo culture in P1 and BL media. RESULTS Of Day 3 embryos containing 7 or more blastomeres, 68.9% (186/270) developed into BL compared to embryos containing 4-6 blastomeres, 38.1% (56/147), P < 0.0001. The majority of BL, 68.9% (168/244), were observed on Day 5. Extended Day 6 culture represented 31.1% (76/244) of all BLs. CONCLUSIONS The observation of 7 or more blastomeres on Day 3 yielded a significantly greater likelihood of BL development. Embryos containing 4-6 blastomeres are still relatively likely to progress to a BL. Extended culture to Day 6 still yields a significant proportion of BL. Cell cleavage stage on Day 3 appears to be a useful prognostic indicator of subsequent BL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boostanfar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
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Boostanfar R, Saadat P, Poysky J, Stanczyk F, Buckwalter G, Roy S. Serum endocrine markers and psychosexual mood in postmenopausal women: is there a difference between transdermal and oral HRT? Fertil Steril 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)02173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tourgeman DE, Boostanfar R, Chang L, Lu J, Stanczyk FZ, Paulson RJ. Is there evidence for preferential delivery of ovarian estradiol to the endometrium? Fertil Steril 2001; 75:1156-8. [PMID: 11384642 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the direction of delivery of E(2) in the female pelvis by assessing the ratio of endometrial to serum E(2) in women whose ovaries were stimulated to produce E(2) with women who received exogenous E(2). DESIGN Prospective comparative study. SETTING University-based ART program. PATIENT(S) Oocyte donors and recipients of donor oocytes. INTERVENTION(S) Micronized E(2) administered by the oral or vaginal route and oocyte donation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Serum and endometrial levels of E(2). RESULT(S) Serum E(2) levels were significantly higher in women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and women receiving exogenous E(2) by the vaginal route than in those who received oral E(2). Levels of E(2) in endometrial tissue were similar in women who underwent COH and those receiving oral E(2). Endometrial E(2) levels in women who underwent vaginal administration were significantly higher than those in the oral E(2) or COH groups. The ratio of endometrial to serum E(2) was highest in women who underwent vaginal E(2) and lowest in those undergoing COH. CONCLUSION(S) Vaginal administration of micronized E(2) results in preferential absorption of E(2) into the endometrium, consistent with a "uterine first pass" effect. Since endogenous E(2) produced the smallest ratio of E(2) between the endometrium and serum, E(2) produced by the ovaries is not preferentially delivered to the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Tourgeman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Boostanfar R, Jain JK, Mishell DR, Paulson RJ. A prospective randomized trial comparing clomiphene citrate with tamoxifen citrate for ovulation induction. Fertil Steril 2001; 75:1024-6. [PMID: 11334921 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the rates of ovulation and pregnancy after tamoxifen citrate (TMX) or clomiphene citrate (CC) among anovulatory women with infertility. DESIGN Prospective randomized trial. SETTING Infertility clinic in a university teaching hospital. PATIENT(S) Eighty-six anovulatory women under 40 years of age undergoing ovulation induction. INTERVENTION(S) The women were assigned randomly to receive either TMX or CC on cycle days 5-9. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Rates of ovulation and pregnancy for the two treatment modalities. RESULTS(S) The overall rate of ovulation in the TMX group was 50 of 113 (44.2%) and in the CC group, 41 of 91 (45.1%). There were 10 pregnancies in the TMX group and 6 pregnancies in the CC group. The cycle fecundity per ovulatory cycle was 20.0% in the TMX group and 14.6% in the CC group. CONCLUSION(S) The overall rate of ovulation and pregnancy were similar with TMX and CC. TMX is a suitable alternative agent to CC in the management of anovulatory infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boostanfar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Tourgeman D, Lu J, Boostanfar R, Zheng W, Stanczyk F, Felix J, Paulson R. Gonadotropin and Modulation of Ovarian Neoplastic Cell Proliferation In Vitro. Fertil Steril 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Boostanfar R, Sorenson L, Ambroggio J, Jain J, Slater C, Francis M, Paulson R. Pregnancy Outcome in Women 50 or More Years of Age: A Decade of Experience. Fertil Steril 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Boostanfar R, Jain J, Paulson R, Mishell D. A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Clomiphene Citrate with Tamoxifen for Ovulation Induction in Anovulatory Women. Fertil Steril 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Boostanfar R, Jain J, Tourgeman D, Slater C, Francis M, Paulson R. Blastocyst transfer is associated with an increased rate of monozygotic twins. Fertil Steril 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Boostanfar R, Jain J, Paulson R, Mishell D. O-1 A randomized trial comparing clomiphen citrate with tamoxifen for ovulation induction in obese anovulatory women. Fertil Steril 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Brown HR, Goller NL, Thormar H, Rudelli R, Tourtellotte WW, Shapshak P, Boostanfar R, Wisniewski HM. Measles virus matrix protein gene expression in a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patient brain and virus isolate demonstrated by cDNA hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Acta Neuropathol 1987; 75:123-30. [PMID: 3324622 DOI: 10.1007/bf00687072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, fatal disease of children caused by a persistent measles virus infection of the central nervous system. A defect in synthesis of measles virus matrix (M) protein may be a factor in virus persistence in the brain. This study details attempts to detect expression of M protein in the brain of an SSPE patient, in the cell-associated virus isolated from this brain, and in brains of ferrets inoculated with the isolate. In situ hybridization with a tritiated cloned cDNA probe was used to search for RNA encoding M protein. Immunostaining with monospecific antiserum and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique was done to locate the polypeptide. The data obtained indicate that although nucleotide sequences coding for M protein were detected in the patient and ferret brains, expression of M protein in these tissues could not be detected. In the culture SSPE virus isolate, the results were the same until the infected cells were examined by electron microscopy and a very limited expression of M protein was revealed. This suggests either diminished synthesis and/or rapid degradation of M protein in this cell-associated virus strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Brown
- New York State Office of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island 10314
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Shapshak P, Tourtellotte WW, Wolman M, Verity N, Verity MA, Schmid P, Syndulko K, Bedows E, Boostanfar R, Darvish M. Search for virus nucleic acid sequences in postmortem human brain tissue using in situ hybridization technology with cloned probes: some solutions and results on progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis tissue. J Neurosci Res 1986; 16:281-301. [PMID: 3746947 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490160124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain a useful and readily applicable in situ hybridization (ISH) protocol for progressive central nervous system (CNS) diseases of unknown etiology that are possibly due to persistent viral infection, known and well described diseases were studied, namely, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The procedures described were validated by confirming results obtained by other investigators using histology, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, and ISH. A number of frequently encountered problems of tissue preparation are addressed as well as techniques to reduce autoradiography exposure times. A multi-staged specific, sensitive, reliable, and valid procedure for detection of viral genomes, mRNA and proteins is approached. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) brain material from six patients who died with PML and one patient who died from SSPE were studied using ISH with a tritium-labeled cloned JC virus DNA probe and a measles-cloned nucleocapsid (NC) gene cDNA probe, respectively. This report constitutes a methodological framework as well as a detailed neuropathological analysis of identified brain cell populations within which in situ hybridization was detected. In early PML lesions, swollen nuclei or oligodendrocytes were the predominant cells labeled, whereas older lesions revealed increased numbers of reactive and bizarre hypertrophic astrocytes hybridized at the outer periphery of the demyelinated lesions. The hybridization varied greatly in intensity in different cells. Intense hybridization was noted very rarely in microglial cells, including rod cells and rarely in venular pericytes, intravascular mononuclear cells, or in vascular endothelial cells. These results, considered together with previous findings, indicate that in PML the viral infection runs different courses in the various cells: in astrocytes the viral genome persists for a long time inducing pathological changes in some cells. In oligodendrocytes the infection rapidly lyses the cells. There was a good correlation between chromatic changes observable in routinely stained sections and virus presence. In addition, in situ hybridization using a measles-NP-cloned probe in white matter from FFPE SSPE brain is presented confirming earlier results in SSPE cryopreserved brain.
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