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Lane MD, Kishnani S, Udemadu O, Danquah SE, Treadway RM, Langman A, Balevic S, Jackson WM, Laughon M, Hornik CP, Greenberg RG, Clark RH, Zimmerman KO. Comparative efficacy and safety of late surfactant preparations: a retrospective study. J Perinatol 2021; 41:2639-2644. [PMID: 34285358 PMCID: PMC8290378 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterize the use, efficacy, and safety of poractant alfa and calfactant surfactants compared to beractant in preterm infants receiving late surfactant. STUDY DESIGN We included infants <37 weeks gestational age (GA) discharged from Pediatrix Medical Group-managed neonatal intensive care units (1997-2017). Efficacy and safety outcomes of interest were analyzed. RESULTS Of 184,770 infants administered surfactant at any time, 7846 (4.23%) received late surfactant at a median (25th, 75th percentile) PNA of 8 days (3, 22); specifically, 2976 received poractant alfa (38%), 2890 beractant (37%), and 1936 calfactant (25%). We identified no significant differences in composite efficacy or safety outcomes between surfactants in the primary analysis, but 33-36 week GA infants administered poractant alfa had significantly greater odds of developing a safety event. CONCLUSIONS Compared to beractant, there is no evidence of overall superior efficacy or safety of poractant alfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D Lane
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sujata Kishnani
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Obianuju Udemadu
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Aaliyah Langman
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephen Balevic
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wesley M Jackson
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Laughon
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christoph P Hornik
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel G Greenberg
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Kanecia O Zimmerman
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Park S, Mondal K, Treadway RM, Kumar V, Ma S, Holbery JD, Dickey MD. Silicones for Stretchable and Durable Soft Devices: Beyond Sylgard-184. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:11261-11268. [PMID: 29578686 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper identifies and characterizes silicone elastomers that are well-suited for fabricating highly stretchable and tear-resistant devices that require interfacial bonding by plasma or UV ozone treatment. The ability to bond two or more pieces of molded silicone is important for creating microfluidic channels, chambers for pneumatically driven soft robotics, and other soft and stretchable devices. Sylgard-184 is a popular silicone, particularly for microfluidic applications. However, its low elongation at break (∼100% strain) and moderate tear strength (∼3 N/mm) make it unsuitable for emerging, mechanically demanding applications of silicone. In contrast, commercial silicones, such as Dragon Skin, have excellent mechanical properties yet are difficult to plasma-bond, likely because of the presence of silicone oils that soften the network yet migrate to the surface and interfere with plasma bonding. We found that extracting silicone oligomers from these soft networks allows these materials to bond but only when the Shore hardness exceeds a value of 15 A. It is also possible to mix highly stretchable silicones (Dragon Skin and Ecoflex) with Sylgard-184 to create silicones with intermediate mechanical properties; interestingly, these blends also only bond when the hardness exceeds 15 A. Eight different Pt-cured silicones were also screened; again, only those with Shore hardness above 15 A plasma-bond. The most promising silicones from this study are Sylgard-186 and Elastosil-M4130 and M4630, which exhibit a large deformation (>200% elongation at break), high tear strength (>12 N/mm), and strong plasma bonding. To illustrate the utility of these silicones, we created stretchable electrodes by injecting a liquid metal into microchannels created using such silicones, which may find use in soft robotics, electronic skin, and stretchable energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjune Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , 911 Partners Way , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Kunal Mondal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , 911 Partners Way , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Robert M Treadway
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , 911 Partners Way , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , 911 Partners Way , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Applied Sciences Group , Microsoft Corporation , Redmond 98052 , Washington , United States
| | - James D Holbery
- Applied Sciences Group , Microsoft Corporation , Redmond 98052 , Washington , United States
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , 911 Partners Way , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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Abstract
The cell surface enzyme beta 1–4 galactosyl transferase (galtase) has been implicated in a number of cellular events involving adhesion and recognition, among them migration of neural crest and mesenchymal cells as well as initiation and elongation of neurites from PC12 cells. Results presented here demonstrate that reagents that specifically alter galtase activity modulate the rate of neurite outgrowth from chick dorsal root ganglia on substrata coated with the large extracellular matrix glycoprotein, laminin (LN), a known substrate for galtase activity. Not all neurites responded equally to reagent addition, and in every experiment a subset of neurites was ostensibly unaffected by reagent, even at the highest concentration tested. Those neurites that were affected demonstrated an ability to adapt to the continued presence of reagent and resume normal elongation. These results support the hypothesis that cell surface galtase activity plays an important role in mediating neurite elongation and suggest further that differential expression of galtase at the nerve growth cone might contribute to axonal guidance through glycoconjugate-rich environments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Thomas
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
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