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La Sala L, Carlini V, Conte C, Macas-Granizo MB, Afzalpour E, Martin-Delgado J, D'Anzeo M, Pedretti RFE, Naselli A, Pontiroli AE, Cappato R. Metabolic disorders affecting the liver and heart: Therapeutic efficacy of miRNA-based therapies? Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107083. [PMID: 38309383 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Liver and heart disease are major causes of death worldwide. It is known that metabolic alteration causing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) coupled with a derangement in lipid homeostasis, may exacerbate hepatic and cardiovascular diseases. Some pharmacological treatments can mitigate organ dysfunctions but the important side effects limit their efficacy leading often to deterioration of the tissues. It needs to develop new personalized treatment approaches and recent progresses of engineered RNA molecules are becoming increasingly viable as alternative treatments. This review outlines the current use of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), RNA interference (RNAi) and RNA genome editing as treatment for rare metabolic disorders. However, the potential for small non-coding RNAs to serve as therapeutic agents for liver and heart diseases is yet to be fully explored. Although miRNAs are recognized as biomarkers for many diseases, they are also capable of serving as drugs for medical intervention; several clinical trials are testing miRNAs as therapeutics for type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver as well as cardiac diseases. Recent advances in RNA-based therapeutics may potentially facilitate a novel application of miRNAs as agents and as druggable targets. In this work, we sought to summarize the advancement and advantages of miRNA selective therapy when compared to conventional drugs. In particular, we sought to emphasise druggable miRNAs, over ASOs or other RNA therapeutics or conventional drugs. Finally, we sought to address research questions related to efficacy, side-effects, and range of use of RNA therapeutics. Additionally, we covered hurdles and examined recent advances in the use of miRNA-based RNA therapy in metabolic disorders such as diabetes, liver, and heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia La Sala
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; Dept. of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Caterina Conte
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elham Afzalpour
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Clinic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jimmy Martin-Delgado
- Hospital Luis Vernaza, Junta de Beneficiencia de Guayaquil, 090603 Guayaquil, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Salud Integral, Universidad Catolica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090603, Ecuador
| | - Marco D'Anzeo
- AUO delle Marche, SOD Medicina di Laboratorio, Ancona, Italy
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2
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Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, Claeys MJ, Dan GA, Dweck MR, Galbraith M, Gilard M, Hinterbuchner L, Jankowska EA, Jüni P, Kimura T, Kunadian V, Leosdottir M, Lorusso R, Pedretti RFE, Rigopoulos AG, Rubini Gimenez M, Thiele H, Vranckx P, Wassmann S, Wenger NK, Ibanez B. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2024; 13:55-161. [PMID: 37740496 DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
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3
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Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, Claeys MJ, Dan GA, Dweck MR, Galbraith M, Gilard M, Hinterbuchner L, Jankowska EA, Jüni P, Kimura T, Kunadian V, Leosdottir M, Lorusso R, Pedretti RFE, Rigopoulos AG, Rubini Gimenez M, Thiele H, Vranckx P, Wassmann S, Wenger NK, Ibanez B. [2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2024; 25:e1-e112. [PMID: 38291910 DOI: 10.1714/4191.41785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
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4
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Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, Claeys MJ, Dan GA, Dweck MR, Galbraith M, Gilard M, Hinterbuchner L, Jankowska EA, Jüni P, Kimura T, Kunadian V, Leosdottir M, Lorusso R, Pedretti RFE, Rigopoulos AG, Rubini Gimenez M, Thiele H, Vranckx P, Wassmann S, Wenger NK, Ibanez B. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3720-3826. [PMID: 37622654 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 283.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
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5
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Pedretti RFE, Hansen D, Ambrosetti M, Back M, Berger T, Ferreira MC, Cornelissen V, Davos CH, Doehner W, de Pablo Y Zarzosa C, Frederix I, Greco A, Kurpas D, Michal M, Osto E, Pedersen SS, Salvador RE, Simonenko M, Steca P, Thompson DR, Wilhelm M, Abreu A. How to optimize the adherence to a guideline-directed medical therapy in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases: a clinical consensus statement from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:149-166. [PMID: 36098041 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A key factor to successful secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is optimal patient adherence to treatment. However, unsatisfactory rates of adherence to treatment for CVD risk factors and CVD have been observed consistently over the last few decades. Hence, achieving optimal adherence to lifestyle measures and guideline-directed medical therapy in secondary prevention and rehabilitation is a great challenge to many healthcare professionals. Therefore, in this European Association of Preventive Cardiology clinical consensus document, a modern reappraisal of the adherence to optimal treatment is provided, together with simple, practical, and feasible suggestions to achieve this goal in the clinical setting, focusing on evidence-based concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Hansen
- REVAL/BIOMED, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marco Ambrosetti
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, ASST Crema, Santa Marta Hospital, Rivolta D'Adda, Italy
| | - Maria Back
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Berger
- Cardiomed Linz, St.John of God Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Mariana Cordeiro Ferreira
- Psychologist, Centro de Reabilitação Cardiovascular do Centro Universitário Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal
| | | | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology (Virchow Klinikum), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and German, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ines Frederix
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital Hasselt Belgium, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences Diepenbeek Belgium, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Antwerp Belgium, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Andrea Greco
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Donata Kurpas
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Matthias Michal
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry & Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University & University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne S Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Simonenko
- Heart Transplantation Outpatient Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Research Department, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Patrizia Steca
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - David R Thompson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Matthias Wilhelm
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ana Abreu
- Department of Cardiology of Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Institute of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Environmental Health of the Faculty of Medicine of University of Lisbon, Centre of Cardiovascular Investigation of University of Lisbon (CCUL) and Academic Centre of Medicine of University of Lisbon (CAML), Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Gevaert AB, Wood N, Boen JRA, Davos CH, Hansen D, Hanssen H, Krenning G, Moholdt T, Osto E, Paneni F, Pedretti RFE, Plösch T, Simonenko M, Bowen TS. Epigenetics in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: influence of exercise and nutrition. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2183-2199. [PMID: 35989414 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links changes in epigenetic systems, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression, to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). These epigenetic modifications can change genetic function under influence of exogenous stimuli and can be transferred to next generations, providing a potential mechanism for inheritance of behavioural intervention effects. The benefits of exercise and nutritional interventions in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD are well established, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. In this review, we describe the acute and chronic epigenetic effects of physical activity and dietary changes. We propose exercise and nutrition as potential triggers of epigenetic signals, promoting the reshaping of transcriptional programmes with effects on CVD phenotypes. Finally, we highlight recent developments in epigenetic therapeutics with implications for primary and secondary CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Gevaert
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.T.228, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp 2610, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nathanael Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jente R A Boen
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.T.228, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.,BIOMED-REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Women's Health, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto F E Pedretti
- Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Care and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maria Simonenko
- Physiology Research and Blood Circulation Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test SRL, Federal State Budgetary Institution, 'V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre' of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - T Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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7
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Sofi F, Dinu M, Reboldi G, Stracci F, Pedretti RFE, Valente S, Gensini G, Gibson CM, Ambrosio G. Worldwide differences of hospitalization for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2021; 347:89-96. [PMID: 34740717 PMCID: PMC8561779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.10.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Discrepant data were reported about hospital admissions for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed studies reporting STEMI hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemic, investigating whether differences in COVID-19 epidemiology or public health-related factors could explain discrepant findings in different countries. Methods Search through MedLine, Embase, Scopus, Web-of-Science, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, of studies comparing STEMI admissions during COVID-19 pandemic with a reference period, without language restrictions, as registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Data independently extracted by multiple investigators were pooled using a random-effects model. Health-related metrics were from publicly-available sources. Results We included 79 articles (111,557 STEMI cases, from 57 countries). During peak COVID-19 pandemic, overall incidence rate-ratio (IRR) of STEMI hospitalizations over reference period decreased (0.80; 95% CI 0.76–0.84; p < 0.05). Although wide variations and significant heterogeneity were detected among studies (I2 = 89%; p < 0.0001), no significant differences were observed by report methodology (survey vs registry), or observation/reference period. However, large differences emerged at country level not explained by COVID-related epidemiological data, nor by public health strategies. Instead, IRRs for STEMI admissions were inversely related to hospital bed availability in each country (p < 0.05). Conclusions During COVID-19 pandemic hospitalization for STEMI significantly decreased, although to a smaller extent than initially reported. Large variability emerged across countries, unrelated to COVID-related epidemiology or social containment measures. Disparities in healthcare organization likely contributed, indicating that proper organization of emergency medicine should be preserved during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - GianPaolo Reboldi
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy; Center for Clinical and Translational Research-CERICLET, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stracci
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - C Michael Gibson
- Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MS, United States of America
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research-CERICLET, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy; Division of Cardiology, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy.
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8
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Tarro Genta F, Marcassa C, Ceresa M, Scalvini S, Dalla Vecchia LA, Bussotti M, Iannuzzi GL, Rizzo C, Pedretti RFE, Giordano A, La Rovere MT. Predictors of long-term survival in patients undergoing residential cardiac rehabilitation (rCR) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR): a multicenter retrospective study. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate exercise-based rCR derived outcome predictors in patients referred after TAVR.
Methods
Data of 232 patients (aged 82±6 years, 45%males) admitted to an average 3-week rCR program after TAVR (walking, up to 30 minutes of cycling or treadmill session twice daily, respiratory and calisthenic training) from January 2009 to December 2017 and home discharged, were retrospectively collected at 10 rCR Divisions of Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri. Comorbidity (cumulative illness rated state-comorbidity index) (CIRS-CI) score, echocardiography on admission, disability (Barthel Index) (BI) score at discharge, six minutes walking test distance (6MWT) on discharge and maximal training session intensity (MTSI expressed in METs per minutes) were collected. All-cause mortality was assessed up to 3 years after rCR discharge.
Results
During a 3-year follow-up, there were 74 (32%) deaths. At univariate analysis, at discharge non survivors compared to survivors had significantly higher comorbidity rate (CIRS-ICC 5.2±2.3 vs 4.1±1.9, p=0.000) and disability level (BI 80.4±24 vs 88.8±17, p=0.000). Moreover, they had worse renal function (creatinine 1.6±0.9mg/dl vs 1.2±0.4, p=0.000), were more often on diuretic therapy (73% vs 53.2%, p=0.003) and on beta-blocker therapy (73% vs 57,6%, p=0.042) and had a markedly reduced functional capacity (6MWTD 221±100m vs 265±105m, p=0.001). At multivariate logistic stepwise analysis a lower comorbidity (CIRS-ICC), a more preserved renal function (creatinine level), a reduced use of diuretic therapy and 6MWT at discharge confirmed their power as independent predictors of survival at follow up (Table, Harrel's C = 0.707)
Conclusions
Patients attending rCR after TAVR are very old with significant comorbidity; overall mortality at 3-year follow-up after CR discharge is substantial. Our results suggest the need to implement ad-hoc long-term care strategies based on residual exercise capacity, comorbidity score and renal function for tailoring follow-up in patients discharged from rCR after TAVR.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Table 1
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tarro Genta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Turin, Italy
| | - C Marcassa
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - M Ceresa
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Scalvini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Lumezzane, Italy
| | - L A Dalla Vecchia
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bussotti
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Milan, Italy
| | - G L Iannuzzi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - C Rizzo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Bari, Italy
| | - R F E Pedretti
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Cardiology Department, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy
| | - A Giordano
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, Service of Bioengineering, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - M T La Rovere
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Montescano (Pv), Italy
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9
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Pedretti RFE. Antenatal, perinatal, and primordial cardiovascular prevention: What is known, what is happening, and future directions. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:359-360. [PMID: 31838878 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319896142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F E Pedretti
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS Institute of Pavia, Italy
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10
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Pedretti RFE, Iliou MC, Israel CW, Abreu A, Miljoen H, Corrà U, Stellbrink C, Gevaert AB, Theuns DA, Piepoli MF, Reibis R, Schmid JP, Wilhelm M, Heidbuchel H, Völler H. Comprehensive multicomponent cardiac rehabilitation in cardiac implantable electronic devices recipients: a consensus document from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC; Secondary prevention and rehabilitation section) and European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Europace 2021; 23:1336-1337o. [PMID: 33636723 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a multidisciplinary intervention including patient assessment and medical actions to promote stabilization, management of cardiovascular risk factors, vocational support, psychosocial management, physical activity counselling, and prescription of exercise training. Millions of people with cardiac implantable electronic devices live in Europe and their numbers are progressively increasing, therefore, large subsets of patients admitted in CR facilities have a cardiac implantable electronic device. Patients who are cardiac implantable electronic devices recipients are considered eligible for a CR programme. This is not only related to the underlying heart disease but also to specific issues, such as psychological adaptation to living with an implanted device and, in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients, the risk of arrhythmia, syncope, and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, these patients should receive special attention, as their needs may differ from other patients participating in CR. As evidence from studies of CR in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices is sparse, detailed clinical practice guidelines are lacking. Here, we aim to provide practical recommendations for CR in cardiac implantable electronic devices recipients in order to increase CR implementation, efficacy, and safety in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F E Pedretti
- Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Care and Research Institute, Via Milanese 300, Sesto San Giovanni, Milano 20099, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine Iliou
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention, Hôpital Corentin Celton, Assistance Pulique Hopitaux de Paris centre-Universite de Paris, France
| | - Carsten W Israel
- Department of Cardiology, Bethel Clinic, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ana Abreu
- Servico de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria/Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Centro Academico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML), Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hielko Miljoen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Antwerp and University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ugo Corrà
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Christoph Stellbrink
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Bielefeld GmbH, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas B Gevaert
- Department of Cardiology, University of Antwerp and University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dominic A Theuns
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo F Piepoli
- Heart Failure Unit, G. da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza and University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rona Reibis
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Cardiac Outpatient Clinic Am Park Sanssouci, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jean Paul Schmid
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Barmelweid, Erlinsbach, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wilhelm
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Department of Cardiology, University of Antwerp and University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Heinz Völler
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Klinik am See, Rehabilitation Centre for Internal Medicine, Rüdersdorf, Germany
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11
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Pedretti RFE, Iliou MC, Israel CW, Abreu A, Miljoen H, Corrà U, Stellbrink C, Gevaert AB, Theuns DA, Piepoli MF, Reibis R, Schmid JP, Wilhelm M, Heidbuchel H, Völler H, Ambrosetti M, Deneke T, Cornelissen V, R Heinzel F, Davos CH, Kudaiberdieva G, Frederix I, Svendsen JH, Hansen D. Comprehensive multicomponent cardiac rehabilitation in cardiac implantable electronic devices recipients: a consensus document from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC; Secondary prevention and rehabilitation section) and European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:1736-1752. [PMID: 34038513 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a multidisciplinary intervention including patient assessment and medical actions to promote stabilization, management of cardiovascular risk factors, vocational support, psychosocial management, physical activity counselling, and prescription of exercise training. Millions of people with cardiac implantable electronic devices live in Europe and their numbers are progressively increasing, therefore, large subsets of patients admitted in CR facilities have a cardiac implantable electronic device. Patients who are cardiac implantable electronic devices recipients are considered eligible for a CR programme. This is not only related to the underlying heart disease but also to specific issues, such as psychological adaptation to living with an implanted device and, in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients, the risk of arrhythmia, syncope, and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, these patients should receive special attention, as their needs may differ from other patients participating in CR. As evidence from studies of CR in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices is sparse, detailed clinical practice guidelines are lacking. Here, we aim to provide practical recommendations for CR in cardiac implantable electronic devices recipients in order to increase CR implementation, efficacy, and safety in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F E Pedretti
- Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Care and Research Institute, Via Milanese 300, Sesto San Giovanni, Milano 20099, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine Iliou
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention, Hôpital Corentin Celton, Assistance Pulique Hopitaux de Paris centre-Universite de Paris, France
| | - Carsten W Israel
- Department of Cardiology, Bethel Clinic, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ana Abreu
- Servico de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria/Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Centro Academico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML), Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hielko Miljoen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Antwerp and University Hospital Antwerp, and Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ugo Corrà
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri Care and Research Institute, Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Christoph Stellbrink
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Bielefeld GmbH, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas B Gevaert
- Department of Cardiology, University of Antwerp and University Hospital Antwerp, and Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dominic A Theuns
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo F Piepoli
- Heart Failure Unit, G. da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza and University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rona Reibis
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Cardiac Outpatient Clinic Am Park Sanssouci, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jean Paul Schmid
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Barmelweid, Erlinsbach, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wilhelm
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Department of Cardiology, University of Antwerp and University Hospital Antwerp, and Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Heinz Völler
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Klinik am See, Rehabilitation Centre for Internal Medicine, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | | | - Marco Ambrosetti
- Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, ASST Crema, Santa Marta Hospital, Rivolta d'Adda, Italy
| | - Thomas Deneke
- Heart Center Rhön-Klinikum Campus Bad Neustadt, Bad Neustadt, Germany
| | - Veronique Cornelissen
- Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology Unit, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank R Heinzel
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gulmira Kudaiberdieva
- SRI of Heart Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Center Scientific Research and Development of Education, Bishkek Kyrgyzstan, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ines Frederix
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, Hasselt, Belgium.,Antwerp University, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.,Intensive Care Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jesper Hastrup Svendsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, BIOMED-REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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12
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Rea F, Ronco R, Pedretti RFE, Merlino L, Corrao G. Better adherence with out-of-hospital healthcare improved long-term prognosis of acute coronary syndromes: Evidence from an Italian real-world investigation. Int J Cardiol 2020; 318:14-20. [PMID: 32593725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who experience a hospital admission for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) exhibit poor prognosis over the years. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the real-world patterns of out-of-hospital practice in the management of ACS patients and to assess their impact on the risk of selected outcomes. METHODS The cohort of 87,530 residents in the Lombardy Region (Italy) who were newly hospitalised for ACS during 2011-2015 was followed until 2018. Exposure to medical treatment including use of selected drugs, diagnostic procedures and laboratory tests was recorded. The main outcome of interest was re-hospitalisation for cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate hazard ratio, and 95% confidence intervals (CI), for the exposure-outcome association. Analyses were stratified according to the ACS type. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of re-hospitalisation for CV disease was 33%, 42% and 38% at 5 years after index discharge among STEMI, NSTEMI and unstable angina patients. Within one year from index discharge, between 70% and 80% of patients had at least a prescription of statins, beta-blockers and renin-angiotensin-system blocking agents, underwent ECG and lipid profile examination, and had a cardiologic examination. One patient in five underwent cardiac rehabilitation. Compared with patients who did not adhere to healthcare recommendations, the risk of CV hospital readmission was reduced from 10% (95% CI: 4%-10%) to 23% (12%-32%) among patients who underwent lipid profile examinations and who experienced cardiac rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Close out-of-hospital healthcare must be considered the cornerstone for improving the long-term prognosis of ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Rea
- National Center for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Ronco
- National Center for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Merlino
- National Center for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Epidemiologic Observatory, Lombardy Region Welfare Department, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrao
- National Center for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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13
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Pedretti RFE. [The rehabilitation phase]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2019; 20:e17-20. [PMID: 31618196 DOI: 10.1714/3240.32103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is the specialty of clinical cardiology dedicated to the care of post-acute and chronic heart disease patients. The goals are to improve quality of life and prognosis, clinical stability, optimization of pharmacological and non-pharmacologic therapy, management of comorbidities, treatment of disabilities, reinforcement of secondary prevention interventions and adherence to therapy. The global mandate of CR has changed over time. From the acute intervention, we moved on to the care in the medium and long-term period.Despite its clear benefits and guideline recommendations, CR is still not fully considered within the cardiovascular landscape. Furthermore, the importance of CR at the clinical level and of the "health" gain of CR is little known by the beneficiaries themselves, i.e. patients on one side and the health system on the other. The main criticism is the low referral rate of cardiac patients to CR programs. In Italy, in Europe and in the USA it appears to be <30%. The challenge for CR is to work on the changes induced by epidemiology and the healthcare system needs. CR inpatient wards must be increasingly available and organized to acquire complex patients, often elderly and frail, up to the development of sub-intensive rehabilitation therapy units; in Italy, it is also necessary to develop outpatient pathways for patients of moderate-low complexity, in order to increase the referral rate to CR. Finally, integrating CR programs with long-term follow-up pathways of cardiac patients is a very important task, fully entering in the areas of e-Health and m-Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F E Pedretti
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto di Pavia
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14
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Catalano O, Cerabolini C, Eshja E, Bendotti G, De Salvo M, Aloi TL, Ferrari Bardile A, Frascaroli M, Zanaboli D, Tibollo V, Bellazzi R, Poggi P, Pedretti RFE. 3039Vulnerability of carotid atherosclerosis: relationship with plaque location, plaque eccentricity and vessel remodeling patterns. Insight from the the MAGNETIC observational study. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis is a cause of brain ischemic events. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can assess plaque vulnerability. We investigated atherosclerosis vulnerability in relation to plaque location, eccentricity and vessel remodeling. Methods-Baseline CMR evaluations of the MAGNETIC observational study, were analyzed. We quantitated with MRI-Plaque View™, vessel lumen/wall and vulnerable plaque components of a 32-mm segment of common carotid artery (12 mm), bulb (8 mm) and internal carotid artery (12 mm). Lipid-rich necrotic core [LRNC], fibrous cap [CAP] and intraplaque hemorrhage [IPH] were expressed as percent of wall area. Results-A data-set of 8080 sections of adequate quality in 260 patients (198 male [76%], median age 71 years [65–76]), were analyzed. Patients were on therapy with antiplatelet, ACE-inhibitors/ARB and statins (196–229 out of 260 [75–88%]). We found significant differences in plaque composition according to longitudinal and circumferential location, eccentricity and vessel remodeling (table). At multivariate regression analysis, including classical RF and atherosclerotic burden, we found an independent association of: LRNC and IPH with longitudinal location, eccentricity and positive remodeling, and of CAP with eccentricity (p<0.001 for all).
Lipid-rich necrotic core Fibrous cap Intraplaque hemorrhage Longitudinal distribution Common carotid artery 4% [1–10] p<0.001 6% [4–11] p<0.001 0% [0–3] p<0.001 Carotid bulb 7% [3–13] 9% [5–13] 1% [0–4] Internal carotid artery 3% [0–10] 7% [4–11] 0% [0–1] Circunferenzial location Antero-medial 4% [0–11] p<0.001 7% [4–12] p=0.07 0% [0–2] p<0.001 Antero-lateral 6% [1–12] 8% [5–12] 1% [0–4] Postero-lateral 5% [0–11] 7% [4–12] 0% [0–3] Postero-medial 5% [0–11] 7% [4–12] 0% [0–1] Plaque eccentricity Concentric 3% [0–9] p<0.001 7% [4–11] p<0.001 0% [0–2] p<0.001 Eccentric 9% [4–15] 9% [5–13] 1% [0–4] Remodelling pattern Negative 4% [0–10] p<0.001 7% [4–11] p<0.001 0% [0–2] p<0.001 Positive 7% [3–13] 8% [5–13] 1% [0–4] Plaque eccentricity was defined as eccentricity index (EI = [maximum wall thickness − minimum wall thickness]/maximum wall thickness) in the highest quartile. Positive remodeling was defined as remodeling index (= [vessel cross-sectional area − reference area]/cross-sectional area) in the highest quartile.
Conclusions
Carotid atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability seems to be independently associated with longitudinal location, plaque eccentricity and vessel positive remodeling.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- O Catalano
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Cerabolini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Eshja
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Bendotti
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - M De Salvo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - T L Aloi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - M Frascaroli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Zanaboli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - V Tibollo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Bellazzi
- University of Pavia, Bioengineering, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Poggi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - R F E Pedretti
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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15
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Pedretti RFE, Fattirolli F, Griffo R, Ambrosetti M, Angelino E, Brazzo S, Corrà U, Dasseni N, Faggiano P, Favretto G, Febo O, Ferrari M, Giallauria F, Greco C, Iannucci M, La Rovere MT, Mallardo M, Mazza A, Piepoli M, Riccio C, Scalvini S, Tavazzi L, Temporelli PL, Mureddu GF. [Cardiac rehabilitation "3.0": from the acute to the chronic stage. A position paper from the Italian Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (GICR-IACPR)]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2019; 19:3S-40S. [PMID: 30353206 DOI: 10.1714/3001.30010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) represents a cardiology subspecialty that is devoted to the care of cardiac patients, early and long term after an acute event. CR aims at improving both quality of life and prognosis through risk and prognostic stratification, clinical stabilization and optimization of therapy, management of comorbidities, treatment of disability, and the provision of sustained long-term preventive and rehabilitative services.The mission of CR has changed over time. From being centred on the acute phase, health care of cardiac patients is increasingly involving the long-term chronic phase. The aim of the present position paper is to provide the state of the art of CR in Italy, discussing strengths and weaknesses as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F E Pedretti
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia
| | - Francesco Fattirolli
- S.O.D. Riabilitazione Cardiologica, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, AOU Careggi, Firenze
| | - Raffaele Griffo
- Centro Studi per la Ricerca Clinica e la Formazione GICR-IACPR, Genova
| | - Marco Ambrosetti
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia
| | - Elisabetta Angelino
- U.O. Psicologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Presidio Sanitario di Torino, Torino
| | - Silvia Brazzo
- Ambulatorio di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia
| | - Ugo Corrà
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Veruno (NO)
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Favretto
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa e Preventiva, Ospedale Riabilitativo di Alta Specializzazione, Motta di Livenza (TV)
| | - Oreste Febo
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Ospedale Maggiore ASST-Crema, Presidio di Rivolta d'Adda (CR)
| | - Marina Ferrari
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Montescano (PV)
| | - Francesco Giallauria
- U.O.C. Medicina Interna ad Indirizzo Metabolico e Riabilitativo, AOU "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Cesare Greco
- U.O.C. Cardiologia e Riabilitazione Cardiologica, A.O. San Giovanni-Addolorata, Roma
| | | | - Maria Teresa La Rovere
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Montescano (PV)
| | - Mario Mallardo
- U.O.C Cardiologia e Riabilitazione Cardiologica, Ospedale San Gennaro, Napoli
| | - Antonio Mazza
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia
| | - Massimo Piepoli
- Unità per lo Scompenso Cardiaco, Ospedale Polichirurgico, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza
| | - Carmine Riccio
- U.O. Cardiologia e Riabilitazione Cardiologica, A.O. S. Anna e S. Sebastiano, Caserta
| | - Simonetta Scalvini
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Lumezzane (BS)
| | - Luigi Tavazzi
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola (RA)
| | - Pier Luigi Temporelli
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Veruno (NO)
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16
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Ambrosetti M, Angelino E, Faggiano P, Fattirolli F, Favretto G, Febo O, Greco C, La Rovere MT, Mureddu GF, Scardina G, Pedretti RFE. [Treatment adherence in cardiovascular prevention]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2019; 19:41S-56S. [PMID: 30353207 DOI: 10.1714/3001.30011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Treatment adherence is a key element for (i) improving prognosis in cardiovascular and/or high-risk patients, (ii) reducing the burden of morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease at a population level, and (iii) decreasing costs due to rehospitalizations.Promotion of adherence should embrace all pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in cardiovascular prevention, including lifestyle and behavioral changes. In this perspective, cardiac prevention and rehabilitation programs are the most appropriate and cost-effective setting for delivering structured and multi-component interventions on patient's adherence. In this expert opinion document authored by the Italian Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, a modern reappraisal of the adherence issue is provided, together with simple, practical, and feasible suggestions to achieve this goal in the real life as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ambrosetti
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia
| | - Elisabetta Angelino
- Servizio di Psicologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Presidio Major, Torino
| | - Pompilio Faggiano
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Spedali Civili e Università degli Studi, Brescia
| | - Francesco Fattirolli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi, AOU Careggi, Firenze
| | - Giuseppe Favretto
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa e Preventiva, Ospedale Riabilitativo di Alta Specializzazione, Motta di Livenza (TV)
| | - Oreste Febo
- Cardiologia Riabilitativa, ASST Ospedale Maggiore di Crema, Presidio di Rivolta d'Adda, Rivolta d'Adda (CR)
| | - Cesare Greco
- Cardiologia e Riabilitazione Cardiologica, A.O. San Giovanni-Addolorata, Roma
| | - Maria Teresa La Rovere
- Dipartimento di Cardiologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Montescano (PV)
| | | | | | - Roberto F E Pedretti
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia
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Ambrosetti M, La Rovere MT, Scalvini S, Pedretti RFE. Cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure after the ExTraMATCH II study: who still believes? Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 21:257. [PMID: 30592361 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ambrosetti
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Care and Research Institutes of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa La Rovere
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Care and Research Institutes of Montescano, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Scalvini
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Care and Research Institutes of Lumezzane, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto F E Pedretti
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Care and Research Institutes of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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18
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Pedretti RFE, Fattirolli F, Griffo R, Ambrosetti M, Angelino E, Brazzo S, Corrà U, Dasseni N, Faggiano P, Favretto G, Febo O, Ferrari M, Giallauria F, Greco C, Iannucci M, La Rovere MT, Mallardo M, Mazza A, Piepoli M, Riccio C, Scalvini S, Tavazzi L, Temporelli PL, Mureddu GF. Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation "3.0": From acute to chronic phase. Position Paper of the ltalian Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (GICR-IACPR). Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2018; 88:1004. [PMID: 30375810 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2018.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is the subspecialty of clinical cardiology dedicated to the treatment of cardiac patients, early and in the long term after an acute event. The aim of CR is to improve both quality of life and prognosis through prognostic stratification, clinical stabilization and optimization of therapy (pharmacological and non), management of comorbidities, treatment of disability, as well as through the provision and reinforcement of secondary prevention interventions and maintenaince of adherence to treatment. The mission of CR has changed over time. Once centered on the acute phase, aimed primarily at short-term survival, the healthcare of cardiac patients now increasingly involves the chronic phase where the challenge is to guarantee continuity and quality of care in the medium and long-term. The aim of the present position paper is to provide the state-of-the-art of CR in Italy, discussing its trengths and weaknesses as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F E Pedretti
- U.O. Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia.
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Pedretti RFE. Beta-blockers after myocardial infarction: Are they useful to all patients? And how long should be the beta-blocker therapy? Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2018; 88:971. [PMID: 29877668 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2018.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some observational studies raised questions about the need for β-blockers in all patients after a first heart attack. Surprisingly, in some clinical settings, a limited mortality reduction was found in those who received β-blockade.Some studies suggest that patients without heart failure may not need post-MI β-blockers. The lack of data from randomized controlled clinical trials has led to clinical uncertainty and conflicting recommendations. Therefore, there are multiple information to revaluate the value of β-blocker therapy after a heart attack in absence of heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction and the time for new trials of an old group of drugs has arrived.
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Bussotti M, Gremigni P, Pedretti RFE, Kransinska P, Di Marco S, Corbo P, Marchese G, Totaro P, Sommaruga M. Effects of an Outpatient Service Rehabilitation Programme in Patients Affected by Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Observational Study. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2018; 17:3-10. [PMID: 27908251 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x16666161130123937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterised by a severe impairment of functional status and quality of life (QoL). Use of rehabilitative programmes may help to improve outcomes. The aim of this pre/post test case series was to evaluate the impact of a training program, including sessions of aerobic and resistance exercise, inspiratory muscle reinforcement, slow breathing, relaxation, and psychological support, on functional outcomes. METHODS Fifteen patients affected by PAH, in World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class (FC) II or III and in stable clinical condition, were included in a 4-week cardiorespiratory training programme conducted in outpatient service. Patients were tested during a routine control visit (T0), one month later at the beginning of the training programme (T1), and at study end (T2). Between T0 and T1, patients continued their normal activities and therapies. At each step, patients underwent respiratory and functional evaluation by spirometry, 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), echocardiography, and levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). QoL was also assessed at T1 and T2 using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the EuroQoL-5D questionnaire. The primary endpoint was the effect of training on peak oxygen consumption (peak V̇O2). RESULTS There were no significant differences in BNP levels, or in any of the respiratory or echocardiographic parameters measured, between T0 and T1. Between T1 and T2, significant improvements were recorded in QoL (HADS-Anxiety mean change 3.5 ± 3.3 and HADS-Depression mean change 1.6 ± 2.0, all p < 0.01). Significant improvements were also observed in functional capacity with distance walked at 6-MWT increasing from 455 ± 115 to 487 ± 120 (+8%, p < 0.01), workload (WR) of CPET increased of 22% (from 73 ± 22 to 87 ± 21 watt, p < 0.001), peak V̇O2 increasing from 17.3 ± 4.2 to 19.9 ± 4.5 mL/kg/min (p < 0.001) and pulse O2 increasing from 7.8 ± 1.8 to 8.8 ± 2.4 mL/beat (p < 0.01). No adverse events or deterioration in clinical status were observed during the training sessions. CONCLUSION Cardiorespiratory training in a outpatient service is a suitable option for patients with PAH in WHO FC II/III thanks to improved exercise capacity and QoL, which may allow them to achieve better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bussotti
- Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Gremigni
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto F E Pedretti
- Medicine and Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Tradate, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrycja Kransinska
- Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Marco
- Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Corbo
- Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marchese
- Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Totaro
- Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinella Sommaruga
- Psychology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Pedretti RFE. [Chronicity and aging in Cardiology: Geriatric Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation or Care-Related Cardiogeriatric Rehabilitation? delle cure correlate?]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2018; 40:42-47. [PMID: 29916566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The population of elderly adults is constantly increasing and age is a strong determinant of the development of chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases; therefore old subjects represent a very high proportion of cardiac patients. Since cardiology is progressively more and more involved in the care of aged patients, a new area of Cardiology has been identified, the Geriatric Cardiology (GC). METHODS On the other hand, Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) and GC show a wide overlap, and GC seems to be the application in the aged cardiac patient of the core-components that CR has already tested in younger cardiac patients. RESULTS Now, CR is probably the cardiological area that seems better equipped, both from a cultural and organizational point of view, to care the aged cardiac patients who are often complex and frail, with multimorbidity, and "frequent users" of the health care services. CONCLUSIONS The CR is therefore a concrete response, already ready and operative, to the demographic expansion of chronicity and aging. Beyond the definitions, CR and GC operate according to principles and methods which are in large part common; thus, CR and GC could merge themselves into a new area of cardiology, the Cardiogeriatric Rehabilitation (CGR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F E Pedretti
- Dipartimento di Cardioangiologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, I.R.C.C.S. di Pavia - I.R.C.C.S. di Tradate (VA)
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Pedretti RFE. How to define the relative contraindications to oral anticoagulant therapy. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2017; 87:847. [PMID: 28967729 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2017.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently a lack of consensus on which anticoagulant therapy contraindications should be considered "absolute" and which should be considered "relative". Guidelines do not clearly identify absolute and relative contraindications to anticoagulant therapy. Recent guidelines on AF of the European Society of Cardiology underline the relevance of several factors and their use in scores, leaving anyway space to the clinical judgment of the physician. A high bleeding risk score should generally not result per se in a contraindication to anticoagulant therapy. Rather, bleeding risk factors should be identified and treatable factors corrected. A combined use of a more hierarchical classification of the different bleeding risk factors and the risk scores probably represents the best approach to maximize the benefit of anticoagulant therapy in various clinical settings.
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Ambrosetti M, Doherty P, Faggiano P, Corrà U, Vigorito C, Hansen D, Sarto P, Abreu A, Pedretti RFE. Characteristics of structured physical training currently provided in cardiac patients: insights from the Exercise Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation (ETCR) Italian survey. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2017. [PMID: 28635190 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2017.778.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainty exists about current delivery levels of exercise training (ET) during Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) programmes. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate ET modalities in the real world of CR facilities in Italy. METHODS This was an observational survey of aggregate data, collected from CR facilities on a voluntary basis. Snapshots of a single working day at a local site were made, in terms of characteristics of patients and ET programmes delivered. RESULTS. Overall, 612 patients from 26 CR units were included, with an in-patient vs. out-patient ratio of 3:1. Coronary artery disease (57.6%), heart failure (20.3%), and valve disease/surgery (22.1%) were the most represented target groups. The prevalence of endurance continuous training, interval training, and resistance/strength training was 66.7%, 11.1%, and 9.0%; other non-aerobic endurance and non-resistance training modalities such as respiratory muscle training and calisthenics were reported in 39.9% and 42.9% of cases respectively. Workloads for endurance exercise training were determined by cardiopulmonary test, conventional 12-leads ECG exercise testing, 6min-walking test, theoretical determination of heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion in 9%, 8%, 27%, 9%, and 40% of cases respectively. The average duration of the programmes (on an intention to treat basis) was 25 sessions of 42±11 minutes, with a frequency of >4 sessions/week in 67% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Despite advances in CR interventions, there is a significant need for improvement of functional evaluation and exercise training prescription, and consideration of a wider range of training modalities in Italy. .
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Musumeci G, Faggiano P, Ferlini M, Lettieri C, Castiglioni B, Maggi A, Negri F, Colombo P, Oliva F, Pedretti RFE, Centola M, Rossini R. [Follow-up strategies after percutaneous coronary intervention: prognostic stratification and multidisciplinary management based on patient risk profile]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2017; 18:3-12. [PMID: 28492563 DOI: 10.1714/2655.27229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is increasing worldwide. Follow-up strategies after PCI are extremely heterogeneous and can greatly affect the cost of medical care. In the present paper, practical advises are provided with respect to a tailored follow-up strategy on the basis of patients' risk profile. Clinical and interventional cardiologists, cardiac rehabilitators, and general practitioners equally contributed to the creation of the present document and defined three follow-up strategies and types and timing of clinical and instrumental evaluations in post-PCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Ferlini
- S.C. Cardiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | | | | | | | - Fabrizio Negri
- Medico di Medicina Generale, Distretto di Casteggio - convenzionato ASL, Pavia
| | - Paola Colombo
- Cardiologia 1 - Emodinamica, Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano
| | - Fabrizio Oliva
- Cardiologia 1 - Emodinamica, Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano
| | - Roberto F E Pedretti
- U.O. Cardiologia, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Istituto Scientifico di Tradate, Tradate (VA)
| | - Marco Centola
- Divisione di Cardiologia, A.O. San Paolo, Polo Universitario, Milano
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Salerno
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Institutes of Tradate, Italy
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Merchant FM, Salerno-Uriarte JA, Caravati F, Falcone S, Molon G, Marangoni D, Raczak G, Danilowicz-Szymanowicz L, Pedretti RFE, Sarzi Braga S, Ikeda T, Calo L, Martino A, Erciyes D, Piancastelli M, Maury P, Cohen RJ, Armoundas AA. Prospective Use of Microvolt T-Wave Alternans Testing to Guide Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy. Circ J 2015; 79:1912-9. [PMID: 26073692 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that a negative microvolt T-wave alternans (MTWA) test would identify patients unlikely to benefit from primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy in a prospective cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were pooled from 8 centers where MTWA testing was performed specifically for the purpose of guiding primary prevention ICD implantation. Cohorts were included if the ratio of ICDs implanted in patients who were MTWA "non-negative" to patients who were MTWA negative was >2:1, indicating that MTWA testing had a significant impact on the decision to implant an ICD. The pooled cohort included 651 patients: 371 MTWA non-negative and 280 MTWA negative. Among non-negative patients, 62% underwent ICD implantation whereas only 13% of MTWA-negative patients received an ICD (P<0.01). Despite a substantially lower prevalence of ICDs, long-term survival (6.9 years) was significantly better among MTWA-negative patients (68.2% non-negative vs. 87.1% negative, P=0.026). CONCLUSIONS MTWA-negative patients had significantly better survival than MTWA non-negative patients, the majority of whom had ICDs. Despite a very low prevalence of ICDs, long-term survival among patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and a negative MTWA test was better than in the ICD arm of any study to date that has demonstrated a benefit of ICDs. This provides further evidence that MTWA-negative patients are unlikely to benefit from primary prevention ICD therapy.
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Whitehouse JT, Da Deppo L, Lazzaro C, Pedretti RFE, La Rovere MT, Pepin JL, Defaye P. Treating Verse Non-Treating Obsturictive Sleep Apnea in Italy and France: A Markov Model-Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Value Health 2014; 17:A398. [PMID: 27200941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C Lazzaro
- Studio di Economia Sanitaria, Milan, Italy
| | - R F E Pedretti
- IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Tradate, Tradate Milano, Italy
| | - M T La Rovere
- IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Montescano, Montescano, Italy
| | - J L Pepin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - P Defaye
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Bettinardi O, Vidotto G, Moroni L, Pedretti RFE, Maini M, Rosi A, Bertolotti G. [Measuring change in rehabilitative cardiology: reliability of a short questionnaire to assess an outcome]. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2012; 78:97-104. [PMID: 23167152 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2012.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present Italian health planning demands the use of tools, care and treatments useful for the National Health Service, but with empirical effectiveness scientifically sustained. Aim of the present paper is to verify the validity, the reliability and the responsiveness of the factor "Perception of positive change" (named Schedule C) in cardiovascular rehabilitation. METHOD The reliability of the Schedule C of the CBA VE has been examined comparing the mean scores obtained from each item at the entry and just before the discharge through the t-Student for paired sample. To assess the concurrent validity we used the AD Short Scale to measure anxiety and depression. 100 patients who underwent cardiac surgery were enrolled during hospitalization for a Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency of each item. RESULTS Each item of the Schedule C demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha > .88) and elevated correlations item-total for each item. The strong correlation of anxiety and depression scores with the Schedule C points out appropriate concurrent validation. CONCLUSIONS We believe that the Schedule C of the CBA VE is endowed with suitable metric validity and then useful as outcome evaluation in cardiovascular rehabilitation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Bettinardi
- Unità Operativa Emergenza-Urgenza, Dipartimento Salute Mentale e Dipendenze Patologiche, AUSL Piacenza, Italy.
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Pedretti RFE, Laporta A, Masnaghetti S, Raimondo R, Salerno M, Santoro F, Vaninetti R. [Prevention of sudden death in heart failure patients: cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without defibrillation back-up]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2010; 11:134S-136S. [PMID: 21416844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of heart failure are progressively increasing in both Europe and the United States. Despite many advances in diagnosis and therapy, morbidity and mortality remain high and long-term prognosis is still poor in most heart failure patients. The use of implantable devices, cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators plays a pivotal role in the treatment of heart failure. Cardiac resynchronization therapy improves survival and reduces cardiac mortality due to either sudden or non-sudden death. In clinical practice, patients with an indication for cardiac resynchronization therapy should be carefully evaluated in view of a potential concomitant indication for defibrillator implantation. The combination of the two therapies may have maximal beneficial effects on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F E Pedretti
- U.O. di Cardiologia, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Istituto Scientifico di Tradate, Tradate (VA).
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Mariscalco G, Sarzi Braga S, Banach M, Borsani P, Bruno VD, Napoleone M, Vitale C, Piffaretti G, Pedretti RFE, Sala A. Preoperative n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids are associated with a decrease in the incidence of early atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery. Angiology 2010; 61:643-50. [PMID: 20529975 DOI: 10.1177/0003319710370962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac surgery is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and expenditure. Controversial data exist on possible preventive effects of n-3 polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFAs) against postoperative AF. We investigated whether preoperative PUFA therapy is effective in reducing AF after cardiac surgery during the surgical hospitalization and/or the cardiac rehabilitation period. METHODS Over a 4-year period, 530 patients (363 men, 68.5%) with a mean age of 66.4 +/- 10.9 years, undergoing cardiac surgery were monitored for ''early AF'' and ''late AF'' defined as AF documented in the surgical department or during the rehabilitation program, respectively. RESULTS The overall incidence of early AF in the whole study sample was 44.7%, whereas late AF occurred in 14.7% patients. Patients with AF had a longer length of hospital and rehabilitation stay (10.4 +/- 9.8 vs 9.5 +/- 9.2 days, P = .025 and 24.2 +/- 15.3 vs 21.1 +/- 8.3 days, P = .008, respectively). Early AF occurred in 31.0% of the patients with preoperative PUFAs compared with 47.3% of those without them (P = .006). Conversely, late AF was not influenced by preoperative PUFA regimen (11.9% vs 15.2%, P = .43). Preoperative PUFAs were independently associated with a 46% reduction in risk of early AF development (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31-0.92), after propensity score analysis. CONCLUSION Preoperative PUFA therapy is associated with a decreased incidence of early AF after cardiac surgery but not late AF. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery may benefit from a preventive PUFA approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mariscalco
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Cardiac Surgery Unit, Varese University Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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Pedretti RFE, Sarzi Braga S, Vaninetti R, Laporta A, Masnaghetti S, Raimondo R, Rubin D, Santoro F, Salerno M. [Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death: from the electrophysiological study to T-wave alternans]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2008; 9:33S-39S. [PMID: 19195304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
T-wave alternans is a change, in the microvolt range, of T-wave amplitude on an ABABAB sequence. At present, various groups of patients have been evaluated, including those with myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and a clinical indication for programmed ventricular stimulation. In all clinical conditions analyzed, T-wave alternans analysis demonstrated a good diagnostic accuracy, suggesting a possible clinical use of the test in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F E Pedretti
- U.O. di Cardiologia, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Istituto Scientifico di Tradate, Tradate (VA).
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Ambrosetti M, Pedretti RFE. Does metabolic syndrome predict silent carotid stenosis in coronary patients? Intern Emerg Med 2008; 3:81-2. [PMID: 18283528 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-008-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Salerno-Uriarte JA, De Ferrari GM, Klersy C, Pedretti RFE, Tritto M, Sallusti L, Libero L, Pettinati G, Molon G, Curnis A, Occhetta E, Morandi F, Ferrero P, Accardi F. Prognostic value of T-wave alternans in patients with heart failure due to nonischemic cardiomyopathy: results of the ALPHA Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50:1896-904. [PMID: 17980258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of T-wave alternans (TWA) in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II/III patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < or =40%. BACKGROUND There is a strong need to identify reliable risk stratifiers among heart failure candidates for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) prophylaxis. T-wave alternans may identify low-risk subjects among post-myocardial infarction patients with depressed LVEF, but its predictive role in nonischemic cardiomyopathy is unclear. METHODS Four hundred forty-six patients were enrolled and followed up for 18 to 24 months. The primary end point was the combination of cardiac death + life-threatening arrhythmias; secondary end points were total mortality and the combination of arrhythmic death + life-threatening arrhythmias. RESULTS Patients with abnormal TWA (65%) compared with normal TWA (35%) tests were older (60 +/- 13 years vs. 57 +/- 12 years), were more frequently in NYHA functional class III (22% vs. 19%), and had a modestly lower LVEF (29 +/- 7% vs. 31 +/- 7%). Primary end point rates in patients with abnormal and normal TWA tests were 6.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.5% to 9.4%) and 1.6% (95% CI 0.6% to 4.4%), respectively. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios were 4.0 (95% CI 1.4% to 11.4%; p = 0.002) and 3.2 (95% CI 1.1% to 9.2%; p = 0.013), respectively. Hazard ratios for total mortality and for arrhythmic death + life-threatening arrhythmias were 4.6 (p = 0.002) and 5.5 (p = 0.004), respectively; 18-month negative predictive values for the 3 end points ranged between 97.3% and 98.6%. CONCLUSIONS Among NYHA functional class II/III nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients, an abnormal TWA test is associated with a 4-fold higher risk of cardiac death and life-threatening arrhythmias. Patients with normal TWA tests have a very good prognosis and are likely to benefit little from ICD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Salerno-Uriarte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little evidence available about the relationship between metabolic syndrome as a comprehensive clinical entity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with respect to the cardiovascular risk of patients with coexisting metabolic syndrome and OSA. METHODS Eighty-nine consecutive patients (males 85%, aged 62 +/- 11 years) with newly-diagnosed OSA were evaluated for the presence of metabolic syndrome and the incidence of cardiovascular events after implementation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy was registered during medium-term follow-up. The diagnosis of OSA and metabolic syndrome was obtained by overnight polygraphy [with a presence of an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >or= 15] and following NCEP ATP III recommendations, respectively. RESULTS Forty-seven (53%) OSA patients had coexisting metabolic syndrome, with increased waist circumference (98%), high blood pressure (89%) and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (83%) as the most frequent features. OSA patients with metabolic syndrome were also younger (58 +/- 11 years versus 65 +/- 4 years, P < 0.001) and presented an higher AHI (43.5 +/- 20.2 versus 34.8 +/- 17.3, P < 0.05) as compared to those without metabolic syndrome. Follow-up lasted 22 +/- 10 months. OSA patients who also presented metabolic syndrome suffered events less frequently compared to those who did not (6% versus 24%, P < 0.05), whereas the single end-points for follow-up (i.e. death, acute coronary syndrome, cerebrovascular event, peripheral vascular event, venous thromboembolism) did not significantly differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome was a frequent comorbidity in OSA patients, reflecting higher degrees of sleep-disordered breathing, and did not increase the risk of cardiovascular events after adoption of CPAP therapy.
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Ambrosetti M, Ageno W, Salerno M, Pedretti RFE, Salerno-Uriarte JA. Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis after acute cardiac conditions. Thromb Res 2007; 120:815-8. [PMID: 17509670 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ambrosetti
- Division of Cardiology, S. Maugeri Foundation Care and Research Institute, Via Roncaccio 16, I-21049 Tradate, Italy.
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Ambrosetti M, Salerno M, Laporta A, Pedretti RFE. Metabolic syndrome in patients with intermittent claudication referred to vascular rehabilitation. INT ANGIOL 2006; 25:14-7. [PMID: 16520719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors whose underlying pathophysiology is related to insulin resistance, was estimated in patients with intermittent claudication referred to a short-course intensive rehabilitation program focused on physical training. Improvements in walking distance at the end of the program were also compared among patients with and without the syndrome. METHODS The metabolic syndrome was documented among 34 (39%) out of 87 enrolled patients, without significant differences between those with and without the syndrome concerning sex (males 91% vs 92% respectively, P=0.816), age (64+/-8 vs 65+/-7 years, P=0.54), coronary heart disease (44% vs 32%, P=0.365), localization of peripheral arterial disease, and impairment of walking capacity as evaluated by constant treadmill test (initial claudication distance (ICD) 156+/-93 vs 176+/-126 m, P=0.428; absolute claudication distance (ACD) 429+/-324 vs 409+/-269 m, P=0.756). RESULTS At the end of the program, both ICD and ACD significantly improved without any of significant differences between the two groups (ICD +152% vs +174% respectively, P=0.518; ACD +112% vs +177%, P=0.053). CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome is frequent among patients with intermittent claudication and is not associated with poor response to physical training. Our data highlight the need for considering vascular rehabilitation in these patients in order to both improve walking capacity and minimize cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ambrosetti
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione S. Maugeri, Tradate, Varese, Italy.
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Raviele A, Bongiorni MG, Brignole M, Cappato R, Capucci A, Gaita F, Gulizia M, Mangiameli S, Montenero AS, Pedretti RFE, Uriarte JAS, Sermasi S, Nisam S. Early EPS/ICD strategy in survivors of acute myocardial infarction with severe left ventricular dysfunction on optimal beta-blocker treatment. The BEta-blocker STrategy plus ICD trial. Europace 2005; 7:327-37. [PMID: 16028343 DOI: 10.1016/j.eupc.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This multicentre prospective randomised trial was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of an electrophysiological study (EPS)-guided/implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) strategy in patients at high risk of sudden death (SD) early after myocardial infarction (MI). Previous studies have shown the benefits of such a strategy only in high-risk patients late after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 143 survivors of acute MI (<1 month) with left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 35% and either frequent (> or =10/h) premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), or depressed heart rate variability (SDNN < 70 ms) or abnormal signal-averaged ECG, who were able to tolerate optimised beta-blocker therapy (68 +/- 40 mg/day of metoprolol). Of these, 138 were randomised, in a 2:3 ratio, to two therapeutic strategies: conventional (CONV) strategy (n = 59) or EPS-guided/ICD strategy (n = 79). The latter resulted in ICD implantation in 24 inducible patients and in CONV therapy in the remaining 55. During a mean follow-up of 540 +/- 378 days, 26 patients (19%) died: nine (6.5%) SD, nine (6.5%) non-SD, and four (3%) non-cardiac death; in four patients (3%) the cause of death was unknown. The actuarial overall mortality for the CONV and EPS-guided/ICD arms was 18% vs 14% after 1 year and 29.5% vs 20% after 2 years, respectively (P = 0.3 and 0.2). CONCLUSIONS Despite optimal therapy, mortality remains significant in high-risk patients following MI. Although there is a trend in favour of EPS-guided/ICD, our data are insufficient to demonstrate a survival benefit of this strategy early after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Raviele
- Cardiology Division, Ospedale Umberto I, Via Circonvallazione, 50-30170 Mestre-Venezia, Italy
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Ambrosetti M, Ageno W, Salerno M, Pedretti RFE. Postoperative pericardial effusion in patients receiving anticoagulants for deep vein thrombosis after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:2367-8. [PMID: 16194218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ambrosetti M, Salerno M, Ageno W, Tramarin R, Pedretti RFE. Is physical training contraindicated in patients with deep vein thrombosis during cardiac rehabilitation? Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2005; 64:24-6. [PMID: 16128160 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2005.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis is a potential complication in patients admitted to cardiac rehabilitation programs after acute coronary syndromes, episodes of acute congestive heart failure, and cardiac revascularization. A common clinical problem in these patients is to decide whether to start or continue physical training or not, given the risk of pulmonary embolism. Until definite evidence becomes available, careful patient selection and inpatient supervision may avoid the a priori withdrawal of such an important core component of cardiac rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ambrosetti
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Tradate, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sarzi Braga
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Istituto Scientifico di Tradate, via Roncaccio 16, 21049 Tradate.
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Pedretti RFE, Sarzi Braga S. Non-invasive sudden death risk stratification. Ital Heart J 2005; 6:180-9. [PMID: 15875507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Most sudden cardiac deaths are caused by fatal ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia [VT] and fibrillation) in patients with and without known structural heart diseases. Given the large number of patients potentially at risk for developing ventricular arrhythmias, any strategy for treating them prophylactically requires efficient and effective risk stratification. Both non-invasive and invasive testing may be used for prognostic evaluation of patients with heart diseases. The optimal way to use them in the risk stratification for sudden cardiac death will depend in part on the goals of screening. At present risk markers perform better at identifying low-risk patients who may not need an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), because all tests have a high negative predictive accuracy. In our opinion an electrophysiological test should not be performed and an ICD should not be implanted in post-myocardial infarction patients with moderate left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction 30-40%) with a preserved autonomic balance and without non-sustained VT. In MADIT II-like patients electrophysiological testing does not seem necessary and an ICD could not be implanted only in patients with a negative T-wave alternans test. Most of the data available refer to patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy but the preliminary data on T-wave alternans suggest its usefulness in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy too, although a large definitive study has not yet been completed in this important population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F E Pedretti
- Division of Cardiology IRCCS S. Maugeri Foundation, Scientific Institute of Tradate, Tradate (VA), Italy.
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Ambrosetti M, Casorati P, Salerno M, Zambelli M, Pedretti RFE, Tramarin R. Newly diagnosed carotid atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease admitted for cardiac rehabilitation. Ital Heart J 2004; 5:840-3. [PMID: 15633439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of coronary artery disease (CAD) with carotid artery disease has been well documented. However, data focusing on CAD patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation programs are lacking. We studied the prevalence of newly diagnosed carotid artery disease in CAD patients admitted for cardiac rehabilitation. METHODS We performed carotid ultrasonography in 168 angiographically confirmed CAD patients admitted to two facilities. Patients with previous cerebrovascular episodes or carotid imaging were excluded. RESULTS Out of 168 patients considered (mean age 65 +/- 8 years; males 76%; chronic stable angina as the reason for cardiac rehabilitation 34%, silent ischemia 14%, and acute coronary syndrome 52%), 149 (89%) were found to have carotid atherosclerosis. Carotid atherosclerosis was present in 83, 87, 89, and 93% of patients with one-, two- and three-vessel disease and left main stem CAD respectively. Patients with severe CAD (i.e. three-vessel or left main stem) had a higher prevalence of > or = 50% carotid stenosis as compared to patients without severe CAD (26 vs 8%, p < 0.05). Severe CAD had a high negative (92%) and a low positive (26%) predictive value for the presence of > or = 50% carotid stenosis. CONCLUSIONS Silent and previously undetected carotid atherosclerosis is frequent in CAD patients admitted for cardiac rehabilitation. The absence of severe CAD reflects the absence of > or = 50% carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ambrosetti
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS S. Maugeri Foundation, Tradate (VA), Italy.
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Ambrosetti M, Ageno W, Spanevello A, Salerno M, Pedretti RFE. Prevalence and prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Thromb Res 2004; 112:203-7. [PMID: 14987912 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2003] [Revised: 12/02/2003] [Accepted: 12/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information exists on the prevalence and prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients admitted for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE To review available literature, we performed a Medline search on papers published on this topic between 1966 and 2003. DATA SYNTHESIS Pulmonary emboli have been frequently found (up to 30% of cases) in autoptic series that included patients who died from acute exacerbation of COPD, while the real incidence of PE during exacerbation has never been prospectively evaluated by large-scale clinical studies. Diagnosis of concomitant PE in these patients is often missed because symptoms of acute exacerbation of COPD may mimic PE, and non-invasive evaluation by pulmonary scintigraphy or CT scan is less specific. Even if not fatal, undetected and untreated PE may lead to long-term morbidity from pulmonary hypertension and predispose to recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). DVT of the lower extremities affects about 10% of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD at admission, but the rate is likely to be underestimated. The results of clinical trials conducted on general medical patients, including COPD patients, indicate that unfractionated heparin (UH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) significantly reduce VTE rates. However, subgroup data on COPD patients are generally not available. In a single randomised, controlled trial specifically conducted on COPD patients, nadroparin reduced the rate of DVT from 28% to 15% without affecting mortality. CONCLUSIONS Despite a substantial lack of consistent data, VTE appears as a major threat to patients admitted for acute exacerbation of COPD, and pharmacologic prophylaxis should be considered in all high risk situations. However, methodologically rigorous studies in this setting are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ambrosetti
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Institute of Tradate, via Roncaccio 16, 21049 Tradate, Varese, Italy.
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Salerno-Uriarte JA, Pedretti RFE, Tritto M, De Ferrari GM, Klersy C, Sallusti L. The ALPHA study (T-wave alternans in patients with heart failure): rationale, design and endpoints. Ital Heart J 2004; 5:587-92. [PMID: 15554029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden death and pump failure are the main causes of death in patients with heart failure. Patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy are at similar risk of arrhythmic mortality; however, standard non-invasive and invasive tests are not routinely available for non-ischemic patients. T-wave alternans (TWA) has been proposed as a potential marker of susceptibility to ventricular tachycardia-fibrillation in several groups of patients. METHODS The ALPHA study was designed to evaluate the independent predictive value of the measurement of microvolt TWA on the combined occurrence, after 18 months of follow-up, of cardiac death and life-threatening arrhythmias in a population of patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and NYHA class II and III. This is a multicenter prospective observational study. A total of 370 patients, with measurable TWA, will be enrolled during routine follow-up for heart failure treatment; a logbook will be used to collect basic information on the whole screened population. Patients will be enrolled during a 2-year period and will be followed up for 18 months. The primary endpoint of the study will be the combined incidence of cardiac death and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. The study will complete recruitment by mid 2004 and report in 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Salerno-Uriarte
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Insubria, Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy.
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Ambrosetti M, Salerno M, Boni S, Daniele G, Tramarin R, Pedretti RFE. Economic evaluation of a short-course intensive rehabilitation program in patients with intermittent claudication. INT ANGIOL 2004; 23:108-13. [PMID: 15507886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to provide cost-description and cost-effectiveness of a short-course intensive in-hospital rehabilitation program in patients with intermittent claudication. METHODS Costs per case treated were calculated according to a local standard protocol including diagnostic evaluation of peripheral arterial disease and other related cardiovascular conditions, physical training, and secondary prevention. Three additional less structured scenarios were also evaluated. RESULTS All 107 enrolled patients (males 91%, mean age 65+/-8 years) completed the program (4-week duration; twice a day walking exercise) and showed significant increases in walking performance, as evaluated by constant treadmill-test. At admission, the mean values of initial claudication distance (ICD) and absolute claudication distance (ACD) were 150+/-111 and 432+/-327 m, respectively. At the end of the program, 12 (11%) patients completed the treadmill test without pain, while 31 (29%) completed the test without stopping due to maximal pain. Among the remaining 64 (60%) patients, the ICD and ACD increased by 137% and 112%, respectively. The cost per case treated ranged from Euro 1733.2 (standard protocol) to Euro 918.9 (physical training only). By adding the cost of hospitalization and indirect costs, the same costs ranged from Euro 4626.2 to Euro 3811.9. The average cost to walk one additional meter without pain as a result of the rehabilitation program was Euro 57.5, while the cost to walk one additional meter before stopping was Euro 27. As showed by sensitivity analysis, the maintenance of the expected level of treatment success was crucial for program's cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSION From the societal viewpoint, short-course intensive rehabilitation may be cost-effective in patients with stable intermittent claudication and could be considered in decision models evaluating different therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ambrosetti
- Division of Cardiology, Section of Angiology, IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Institute of Tradate (Varese), Italy.
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Ambrosetti M, Salerno M, Dentali F, De Ambroggi G, Zambelli M, Pedretti RFE, Tramarin R. Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after coronary bypass surgery: a case report and preliminary results from a prospective study evaluating patients during cardiac rehabilitation. Ital Heart J 2004; 5:241-4. [PMID: 15119510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A 78-year-old woman with unstable angina underwent coronary bypass surgery with complete cardiac revascularization and no immediate postoperative complications. Six days after surgery, during hospitalization for cardiac rehabilitation, the patient developed severe respiratory distress and pulmonary embolism was diagnosed. Color duplex ultrasound revealed the presence of concomitant upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT), ipsilateral to the site of placement of a central venous line, in the absence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. We describe this case and provide preliminary data from a prospective observational study evaluating the prevalence of catheter-related UEDVT and symptomatic pulmonary embolism (55 and 1.4% respectively) in a series of 71 consecutive coronary bypass surgery patients admitted to a cardiac rehabilitation facility. Catheter-related UEDVT and pulmonary embolism may complicate coronary bypass surgery and should be taken into consideration when managing patients after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ambrosetti
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS S Maugeri Foundation, Tradate (VA), Italy.
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Ambrosetti M, Salerno M, Zambelli M, Mastropasqua F, Tramarin R, Pedretti RFE. Deep Vein Thrombosis Among Patients Entering Cardiac Rehabilitation After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Chest 2004; 125:191-6. [PMID: 14718440 DOI: 10.1378/chest.125.1.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is available about the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after discharge from cardiac surgery units and its impact on rehabilitation programs. OBJECTIVES To estimate the rate of DVT, in relation to different thromboprophylaxis strategies, in patients with a recent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) entering cardiac rehabilitation. METHODS Two hundred seventy consecutive patients admitted to three rehabilitation facilities after CABG surgery from 19 cardiac surgery units (male patients, 81%; mean +/- SD age, 64 +/- 9 years; interval after operation, 4 to 19 days) underwent serial leg venous ultrasound examination on admission to three rehabilitative units. RESULTS At admission, antiplatelet treatment was present in all patients except 10 with absolute contraindications. In 171 patients (63%), heparin prophylaxis (low-molecular-weight heparin once daily, 87%; unfractionated heparin twice daily, 13%) was reported, limited to the early postoperative period (< or = 3 days) in 102 patients (38%). DVT was detected in 47 patients (17.4%). The rate of proximal and isolated distal DVT was 2.6% (7 cases) and 14.8% (40 cases), respectively. DVT was complicated in two cases (0.7%) by symptomatic pulmonary embolism, fatal in one case (0.4%). Clots were found in the leg contralateral to the saphenous vein harvest site in half of all DVT cases. Forty-three DVT cases (91%) were diagnosed at admission, while serial ultrasound testing allowed diagnosis of an additional 4 distal DVT cases. At multivariate analysis, female sex (p < 0.001) and length of stay in the surgery unit > 8 days (p < 0.05) were independently associated with risk of DVT in the rehabilitation setting. The adoption of heparin prophylaxis until discharge predicted the absence of DVT after adjustment for immobility (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study showed a high rate of DVT in patients entering cardiac rehabilitation after CABG surgery. Wearing unilateral graded compression stockings after CABG surgery had limited efficacy, as clots were often localized in legs contralateral to the saphenous vein harvest site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ambrosetti
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Institutes of Tradate, Italy.
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Abstract
Few data are available about the prognostic role of T wave alternans in patients with congestive heart failure. To assess the ability of T wave alternans, used alone or in combination with other risk markers, to predict cardiac death in decompensated patients, we enrolled 46 patients, mean age 59+/-9, males 89%, ischemic etiology 61%, NYHA class III 35%, left ventricular ejection fraction 29+/-7%. After 1.6 years follow-up, seven patients died from cardiac death (16%), non-sudden in six (86%) and sudden in one (14%). T wave alternans was positive in 24 (52%), negative in 13 (28%), indeterminate in nine patients (20%). T wave alternans was positive in all patients with events (100%) but only in 16 of 37 patients without (41%) (P=0.02). Other predictors of cardiac death were O(2) consumption at the peak of exercise (P=0.03), standard deviation of all NN intervals (P=0.05) and Wedge pressure (P=0.03). When receiver operator characteristics curves were calculated, the highest area (0.73) was found for O(2) consumption at the peak of exercise considering the single variables and for O(2) consumption at the peak of exercise plus T wave alternans (0.79) for combination of them; the comparison of the two receiver operator characteristics curves did not reach statistical difference (P=0.5). In conclusion, this is the first study reporting that T wave alternans can predict cardiac death, with a marginal additional prognostic power when used in combination with measurement of O(2) consumption at the peak of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sarzi Braga
- IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Divisione di Cardiologia, Istituto Scientifico di Tradate, Via Roncaccio 16 I-21049, Tradate (VA), Italy.
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Pedretti RFE, Prete G, Foreman RD, Adamson PB, Vanoli E. Autonomic modulation during acute myocardial ischemia by low-dose pirenzepine in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction: a comparison with beta-adrenergic blockade. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2003; 41:671-7. [PMID: 12717096 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200305000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence documents the beneficial effects of blocking sympathetic activity and modulating heart rate to reduce risk for lethal events in ischemic heart disease. Beside beta-adrenergic receptor blockade, vagal activation is a meaningful approach but not yet easily attainable. Promising results were shown with low-dose atropine and scopolamine, but no follow-up was done because of significant adverse side effects. Pirenzepine is an atropine analogue approved to treat peptic ulcer disease in Europe that is devoid of central actions, which are mostly responsible for anti-muscarinic agents side effects. The vagomimetic action of IV low-dose pirenzepine was studied at rest under control conditions, at rest during acute coronary artery occlusion, and during exercise in conscious dogs with a healed anterior myocardial infarction (MI). The effects of pirenzepine were then compared, by internal control analysis, with those of atenolol (1 mg/kg). Increasing doses of pirenzepine (from 0.01 to 1 mg/kg) were tested in 11 dogs at rest by measuring time and frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV). The most effective dose (0.1 mg/kg) was used in the study. At the most effective dose, pirenzepine increased all measures of time domain HRV by 40-50%. However, the vagomimetic action of pirenzepine was lost during exercise and brief ischemia and no anti-arrhythmic action was observed. Conversely, pirenzepine effectively modulated the heart rate increase during acute ischemia at rest with an effect comparable to that of atenolol. The vagomimetic action of pirenzepine in the acutely ischemic heart supports the possibility that this intervention may be helpful for chronic autonomic modulation in post-MI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto F E Pedretti
- Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Care and Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Tradate, Italy
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Sommaruga M, Vidotto G, Bertolotti G, Pedretti RFE, Tramarin R. A self administered tool for the evaluation of the efficacy of health educational interventions in cardiac patients. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2003; 60:7-15. [PMID: 12827828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since most cardiac rehabilitation and formal secondary prevention programmes for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease include multidisciplinary interventions aimed at risk factors reduction and healthy lifestyle promotion, the use of specific outcome measurement instruments for the assessment of patients' knowledge before and after educational programmes should be included in usual clinical practice. For this reason we developed a new self-administered questionnaire (MaugerI CaRdiac preventiOn Questionnaire: MICRO-Q) addressed to the evaluation of information regarding secondary prevention in patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS The development of the questionnaire consisted of different phases aimed to define the content, the number of items and the choice of possible responses. The final version of questionnaire consists of 26 items, 18 true statements and 8 false ones, with responses true, false, or don't know. MICRO-Q provides three separate scores: correct (number of items answered correctly), misconceptions (number of items wrongly answered), uncertainty (number of items answered 'don't know'), and covers knowledge of risk factors and lifestyle, diet, pre-admission avoidable delay, and cardiac disease. MICRO-Q was administered to 250 coronary patients (206 males, 44 females), mean age 61 +/- 10 years, in different geographical areas of Italy. The questionnaire's reliability was evaluated and descriptive analyses were performed. RESULTS Spearman's Rho coefficient correlation (test-retest) for correct responses was 0.72, and the alpha value of the reliability analysis 0.68. Frequency analysis of each item was performed in detail. For the total score, the mean value was 18.90 (3.25) for the correct scale, 2.97 (1.66) for the misconceptions scale and 3.97 (3.56) for the uncertainty scale. Subgroups analysis of total scores showed no difference for gender and age, but patients with higher education had significantly higher scores on the correct scale (p < or = 0.0001), while patients with a lower level of education showed a higher score for misconceptions (p < or = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS MICRO-Q is a simple, self-administered, efficient outcome measurement tool for the assessment of the efficacy of educational interventions in cardiac rehabilitation and secondary cardiovascular prevention. Patients' level of education and some erroneous beliefs are important keys to be taken into account in planning tailored educational interventions. In patients with coronary artery disease the MICRO-Q could be an useful and reliable clinical and quality-of-care outcome indicator for cardiac rehabilitation professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinella Sommaruga
- Psychology Unit, IRCCS, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Servizio di Psicologia, Via Roncaccio 16, 21049 Tradate, Varese, Italia.
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