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Chen J, Brea RJ, Fracassi A, Cho CJ, Wong AM, Salvador-Castell M, Sinha SK, Budin I, Devaraj NK. Rapid Formation of Non-canonical Phospholipid Membranes by Chemoselective Amide-Forming Ligations with Hydroxylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311635. [PMID: 37919232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in methods to generate synthetic lipid membranes as key constituents of artificial cells or to develop new tools for remodeling membranes in living cells. However, the biosynthesis of phospholipids involves elaborate enzymatic pathways that are challenging to reconstitute in vitro. An alternative approach is to use chemical reactions to non-enzymatically generate natural or non-canonical phospholipids de novo. Previous reports have shown that synthetic lipid membranes can be formed in situ using various ligation chemistries, but these methods lack biocompatibility and/or suffer from slow kinetics at physiological pH. Thus, it would be valuable to develop chemoselective strategies for synthesizing phospholipids from water-soluble precursors that are compatible with synthetic or living cells Here, we demonstrate that amide-forming ligations between lipid precursors bearing hydroxylamines and α-ketoacids (KAs) or potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) can be used to prepare non-canonical phospholipids at physiological pH conditions. The generated amide-linked phospholipids spontaneously self-assemble into cell-like micron-sized vesicles similar to natural phospholipid membranes. We show that lipid synthesis using KAT ligation proceeds extremely rapidly, and the high selectivity and biocompatibility of the approach facilitates the in situ synthesis of phospholipids and associated membranes in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyue Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, CICA-Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christy J Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adrian M Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marta Salvador-Castell
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Bhattacharya A, Tanwar L, Fracassi A, Brea RJ, Salvador-Castell M, Khanal S, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Chemoselective Esterification of Natural and Prebiotic 1,2-Amino Alcohol Amphiphiles in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27149-27159. [PMID: 38039527 PMCID: PMC10722506 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
In cells, a vast number of membrane lipids are formed by the enzymatic O-acylation of polar head groups with acylating agents such as fatty acyl-CoAs. Although such ester-containing lipids appear to be a requirement for life on earth, it is unclear if similar types of lipids could have spontaneously formed in the absence of enzymatic machinery at the origin of life. There are few examples of enzyme-free esterification of amphiphiles in water and none that can occur in water at physiological pH using biochemically relevant acylating agents. Here we report the unexpected chemoselective O-acylation of 1,2-amino alcohol amphiphiles in water directed by Cu(II) and several other transition metal ions. In buffers containing Cu(II) ions, mixing biological 1,2-amino alcohol amphiphiles such as sphingosylphosphorylcholine with biochemically relevant acylating agents, namely, acyl adenylates and acyl-CoAs, leads to the formation of the O-acylation product with high selectivity. The resulting O-acylated sphingolipids self-assemble into vesicles with markedly different biophysical properties than those formed from their N-acyl counterparts. We also demonstrate that Cu(II) can direct the O-acylation of alternative 1,2-amino alcohols, including prebiotically relevant 1,2-amino alcohol amphiphiles, suggesting that simple mechanisms for aqueous esterification may have been prevalent on earth before the evolution of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lalita Tanwar
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Roberto J. Brea
- Biomimetic
Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, Centro de Investigacións
Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade
da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marta Salvador-Castell
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Satyam Khanal
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sunil K. Sinha
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Brea-Fernández AJ, Souto-Trinei FA, Iglesias E, Caamaño P, Rodríguez Sánchez B, Gómez Lado C, Eiris J, Fernández-Prieto M, Barros F, Brea RJ, Carracedo Á. Expanding the Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of FOXG1- and ZBTB18-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:301-306. [PMID: 38056433 DOI: 10.1159/000535660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The zinc finger BTB domain-containing protein ZBTB18 binds to FOXG1 to form a transcriptional repressive complex involved in neuronal differentiation. Disruption of the components of this complex results in chromosome 1q43-q44 deletion syndrome/intellectual developmental disorder 22 or in FOXG1 syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION This study reports on five patients with cognitive and behavioral impairment, seizures, microcephaly, and/or congenital brain abnormalities. Whole-exome sequencing identified deleterious ZBTB18 variants in three patients and deleterious FOXG1 variants in the remaining patients. We have detected a missense variant within the BTB domain of ZBTB18 in two affected monozygotic twins. In addition, we observed agenesis of the septum pellucidum in a missense FOXG1 carrier with a severe FOXG1 syndrome. CONCLUSION Although the ZBTB18 zinc finger domains harbor the majority of known deleterious variants, we report a novel de novo rare missense variant within the BTB domain. The agenesis of the septum pellucidum observed in a missense FOXG1 carrier could be considered as a novel clinical feature associated with FOXG1 syndrome. The severe FOXG1 syndrome in this patient contrasts with the milder phenotype expected for a missense. Genetic or environmental factors may explain this phenotypic variability in FOXG1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Brea-Fernández
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Federica A Souto-Trinei
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elba Iglesias
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pilar Caamaño
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Berta Rodríguez Sánchez
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Unidad de Genética Clínica Traslacional, Hospital Materno-Infantil Teresa Herrera, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez Lado
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Unidad de Neurología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Eiris
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Unidad de Neurología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montse Fernández-Prieto
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics Group, GC05, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Barros
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genetics Group, GC05, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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4
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Souto-Trinei FA, Brea RJ, Devaraj NK. Biomimetic construction of phospholipid membranes by direct aminolysis ligations. Interface Focus 2023; 13:20230019. [PMID: 37577004 PMCID: PMC10415742 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Construction of artificial cells requires the development of straightforward methods for mimicking natural phospholipid membrane formation. Here we describe the use of direct aminolysis ligations to spontaneously generate biomimetic phospholipid membranes from water-soluble starting materials. Additionally, we explore the suitability of such biomimetic approaches for driving the in situ formation of native phospholipid membranes. Our studies suggest that non-enzymatic ligation reactions could have been important for the synthesis of phospholipid-like membranes during the origin of life, and might be harnessed as simplified methods to enable the generation of lipid compartments in artificial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica A. Souto-Trinei
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Roberto J. Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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5
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Lomba-Riego L, Calvino-Sanles E, Brea RJ. In situ synthesis of artificial lipids. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102210. [PMID: 36116189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipids constitute one of the most enigmatic family of biological molecules. Although the importance of lipids as basic units of compartmental structure and energy storage is well-acknowledged, deciphering the biosynthesis and precise roles of specific lipid species has been challenging. To better understand the structure and function of these biomolecules, there is a burgeoning interest in developing strategies to produce noncanonical lipids in a controlled manner. This review covers recent advances in the area of in situ generation of synthetic lipids. Specifically, we report several approaches that constitute a powerful toolbox for achieving noncanonical lipid synthesis. We describe how these methodologies enable the direct construction of synthetic lipids, helping to address fundamental questions related to the cell biology of lipid biosynthesis, trafficking, and signaling. We envision that highlighting the current advances in artificial lipid synthesis will pave the way for broader interest into this emerging class of biomimetic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lomba-Riego
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Esther Calvino-Sanles
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701, A Coruña, Spain.
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6
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Flores J, Brea RJ, Lamas A, Fracassi A, Salvador-Castell M, Xu C, Baiz CR, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Rapid and Sequential Dual Oxime Ligation Enables De Novo Formation of Functional Synthetic Membranes from Water-Soluble Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200549. [PMID: 35546783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes define the boundaries of life and primarily consist of phospholipids. Living organisms assemble phospholipids by enzymatically coupling two hydrophobic tails to a soluble polar head group. Previous studies have taken advantage of micellar assembly to couple single-chain precursors, forming non-canonical phospholipids. However, biomimetic nonenzymatic coupling of two alkyl tails to a polar head-group remains challenging, likely due to the sluggish reaction kinetics of the initial coupling step. Here we demonstrate rapid de novo formation of biomimetic liposomes in water using dual oxime bond formation between two alkyl chains and a phosphocholine head group. Membranes can be generated from non-amphiphilic, water-soluble precursors at physiological conditions using micromolar concentrations of precursors. We demonstrate that functional membrane proteins can be reconstituted into synthetic oxime liposomes from bacterial extracts in the absence of detergent-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lamas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marta Salvador-Castell
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Carlos R Baiz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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7
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Flores J, Brea RJ, Lamas A, Fracassi A, Salvador‐Castell M, Xu C, Baiz CR, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Rapid and Sequential Dual Oxime Ligation Enables De Novo Formation of Functional Synthetic Membranes from Water‐Soluble Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Roberto J. Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña Rúa As Carballeiras 15701 A Coruña Spain
| | - Alejandro Lamas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Marta Salvador‐Castell
- Department of Physics University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Carlos R. Baiz
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Sunil K. Sinha
- Department of Physics University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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8
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Moinpour M, Fracassi A, Brea RJ, Salvador-Castell M, Pandey S, Edwards MM, Seifert S, Joseph S, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Controlling Protein Enrichment in Lipid Sponge Phase Droplets using SNAP-tag Bioconjugation. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100624. [PMID: 34936727 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
All cells use organized lipid compartments to facilitate specific biological functions. Membrane-bound organelles create defined spatial environments that favor unique chemical reactions while isolating incompatible biological processes. Despite the fundamental role of cellular organelles, there is a scarcity of methods for preparing functional artificial lipid-based compartments. Here, we demonstrate a robust bioconjugation system for sequestering proteins into zwitterionic lipid sponge phase droplets. Incorporation of benzylguanine (BG)-modified phospholipids that form stable covalent linkages with an O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (SNAP-tag) fusion protein enables programmable control of protein capture. We show that this methodology can be used to anchor hydrophilic proteins at the lipid-aqueous interface, concentrating them within an accessible but protected chemical environment. SNAP-tag technology enables the integration of proteins that regulate complex biological functions in lipid sponge phase droplets, and should facilitate the development of advanced lipid-based artificial organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahta Moinpour
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Roberto J Brea
- University of A Coruna: Universidade da Coruna, Chemistry, SPAIN
| | | | - Sudip Pandey
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Physics, UNITED STATES
| | - Madison M Edwards
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Soenke Seifert
- Argonne National Laboratory, Xray science division, UNITED STATES
| | - Simpson Joseph
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- UCSD: University of California San Diego, Physics, UNITED STATES
| | - Neal Krishna Devaraj
- University of California, San Diego, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 9500 Gilman Drive, Urey Hall 4120, 92093, La Jolla, UNITED STATES
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9
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Bhattacharya A, Cho CJ, Brea RJ, Devaraj NK. Expression of Fatty Acyl-CoA Ligase Drives One-Pot De Novo Synthesis of Membrane-Bound Vesicles in a Cell-Free Transcription-Translation System. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11235-11242. [PMID: 34260248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the central importance of lipid membranes in cellular organization, it is challenging to reconstitute their formation de novo from minimal chemical and biological elements. Here, we describe a chemoenzymatic route to membrane-forming noncanonical phospholipids in which cysteine-modified lysolipids undergo spontaneous coupling with fatty acyl-CoA thioesters generated enzymatically by a fatty acyl-CoA ligase. Due to the high efficiency of the reaction, we were able to optimize phospholipid formation in a cell-free transcription-translation (TX-TL) system. Combining DNA encoding the fatty acyl-CoA ligase with suitable lipid precursors enabled one-pot de novo synthesis of membrane-bound vesicles. Noncanonical sphingolipid synthesis was also possible by using a cysteine-modified lysosphingomyelin as a precursor. When the sphingomyelin-interacting protein lysenin was coexpressed alongside the acyl-CoA ligase, the in situ assembled membranes were spontaneously decorated with protein. Our strategy of coupling gene expression with membrane lipid synthesis in a one-pot fashion could facilitate the generation of proteoliposomes and brings us closer to the bottom-up generation of synthetic cells using recombinant synthetic biology platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christy J Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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10
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Khanal S, Brea RJ, Burkart MD, Devaraj NK. Chemoenzymatic Generation of Phospholipid Membranes Mediated by Type I Fatty Acid Synthase. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8533-8537. [PMID: 33978402 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The de novo formation of lipid membranes from minimal reactive precursors is a major goal in synthetic cell research. In nature, the synthesis of membrane phospholipids is orchestrated by numerous enzymes, including fatty acid synthases and membrane-bound acyltransferases. However, these enzymatic pathways are difficult to fully reproduce in vitro. As such, the reconstitution of phospholipid membrane synthesis from simple metabolic building blocks remains a challenge. Here, we describe a chemoenzymatic strategy for lipid membrane generation that utilizes a soluble bacterial fatty acid synthase (cgFAS I) to synthesize palmitoyl-CoA in situ from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. The fatty acid derivative spontaneously reacts with a cysteine-modified lysophospholipid by native chemical ligation (NCL), affording a noncanonical amidophospholipid that self-assembles into micron-sized membrane-bound vesicles. To our knowledge, this is the first example of reconstituting phospholipid membrane formation directly from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors. Our results demonstrate that combining the specificity and efficiency of a type I fatty acid synthase with a highly selective bioconjugation reaction provides a biomimetic route for the de novo formation of membrane-bound vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Khanal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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11
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Vora HD, Johnson M, Brea RJ, Rudd AK, Devaraj NK. Inhibition of NRAS Signaling in Melanoma through Direct Depalmitoylation Using Amphiphilic Nucleophiles. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2079-2086. [PMID: 32568509 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in the small GTPase NRAS are responsible for driving tumor growth in several cancers. Unfortunately, the development of NRAS inhibitors has proven difficult due to the lack of hydrophobic binding pockets on the protein's surface. To overcome this limitation, we chose to target the post-translational S-palmitoyl modification of NRAS, which is required for its signaling activity. Utilizing an amphiphile-mediated depalmitoylation (AMD) strategy, we demonstrate the ability to directly cleave S-palmitoyl groups from NRAS and inhibit its function. C8 alkyl cysteine causes a dose-dependent decrease in NRAS palmitoylation and inhibits downstream signaling in melanoma cells with an activating mutation in NRAS. This compound reduces cell growth in NRAS-driven versus non-NRAS-driven melanoma lines and inhibits tumor progression in an NRAS-mutated melanoma xenograft mouse model. Our work demonstrates that AMD can effectively suppress NRAS activity and could represent a promising new avenue for discovering lead compounds for treatment of NRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetika D. Vora
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mai Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Roberto J. Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Andrew K. Rudd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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12
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Bhattacharya A, Niederholtmeyer H, Podolsky KA, Bhattacharya R, Song JJ, Brea RJ, Tsai CH, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Lipid sponge droplets as programmable synthetic organelles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18206-18215. [PMID: 32694212 PMCID: PMC7414067 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004408117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Living cells segregate molecules and reactions in various subcellular compartments known as organelles. Spatial organization is likely essential for expanding the biochemical functions of synthetic reaction systems, including artificial cells. Many studies have attempted to mimic organelle functions using lamellar membrane-bound vesicles. However, vesicles typically suffer from highly limited transport across the membranes and an inability to mimic the dense membrane networks typically found in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we describe programmable synthetic organelles based on highly stable nonlamellar sponge phase droplets that spontaneously assemble from a single-chain galactolipid and nonionic detergents. Due to their nanoporous structure, lipid sponge droplets readily exchange materials with the surrounding environment. In addition, the sponge phase contains a dense network of lipid bilayers and nanometric aqueous channels, which allows different classes of molecules to partition based on their size, polarity, and specific binding motifs. The sequestration of biologically relevant macromolecules can be programmed by the addition of suitably functionalized amphiphiles to the droplets. We demonstrate that droplets can harbor functional soluble and transmembrane proteins, allowing for the colocalization and concentration of enzymes and substrates to enhance reaction rates. Droplets protect bound proteins from proteases, and these interactions can be engineered to be reversible and optically controlled. Our results show that lipid sponge droplets permit the facile integration of membrane-rich environments and self-assembling spatial organization with biochemical reaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Henrike Niederholtmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kira A Podolsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rupak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jing-Jin Song
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Chu-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
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13
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Abstract
Lipids remain one of the most enigmatic classes of biological molecules. Whereas lipids are well known to form basic units of membrane structure and energy storage, deciphering the exact roles and biological interactions of distinct lipid species has proven elusive. How these building blocks are synthesized, trafficked, and stored are also questions that require closer inspection. This tutorial review covers recent advances on the preparation, derivatization, and analysis of lipids. In particular, we describe several chemical approaches that form part of a powerful toolbox for controlling and characterizing lipid structure. We believe these tools will be helpful in numerous applications, including the study of lipid-protein interactions and the development of novel drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Brittany M White
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jeremy M Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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14
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Johnson M, Bhattacharya A, Brea RJ, Podolsky KA, Devaraj NK. Temperature-Dependent Reversible Morphological Transformations in N-Oleoyl β-d-Galactopyranosylamine. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5426-5433. [PMID: 32437154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c01410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic molecules self-assemble into supramolecular structures of various sizes and morphologies depending on their molecular packing and external factors. Transformations between various self-assembled morphologies are a matter of great fundamental interest. Recently, we reported the discovery of a novel class of single-chain galactopyranosylamide amphiphiles that self-assemble to form vesicles in water. Here, we describe how the vesicles composed of the amphiphile N-oleoyl β-d-galactopyranosylamine (GOA) undergo a morphological transition to fibers consisting of mainly flat sheet-like structures. Moreover, we show that this transformation is reversible in a temperature-dependent manner. We used several optical microscopy and electron microscopy techniques, circular dichroism spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry, to fully investigate and characterize the morphological transformations of GOA and provide a structural basis for such phenomena. These studies provide significant molecular insight into the structural polymorphism of sugar-based amphiphiles and foresee future applications in rational design of self-assembled materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kira A Podolsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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15
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Jin S, Brea RJ, Rudd AK, Moon SP, Pratt MR, Devaraj NK. Traceless native chemical ligation of lipid-modified peptide surfactants by mixed micelle formation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2793. [PMID: 32493905 PMCID: PMC7270136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biology utilizes multiple strategies, including sequestration in lipid vesicles, to raise the rate and specificity of chemical reactions through increases in effective molarity of reactants. We show that micelle-assisted reaction can facilitate native chemical ligations (NCLs) between a peptide-thioester – in which the thioester leaving group contains a lipid-like alkyl chain – and a Cys-peptide modified by a lipid-like moiety. Hydrophobic lipid modification of each peptide segment promotes the formation of mixed micelles, bringing the reacting peptides into close proximity and increasing the reaction rate. The approach enables the rapid synthesis of polypeptides using low concentrations of reactants without the need for thiol catalysts. After NCL, the lipid moiety is removed to yield an unmodified ligation product. This micelle-based methodology facilitates the generation of natural peptides, like Magainin 2, and the derivatization of the protein Ubiquitin. Formation of mixed micelles from lipid-modified reactants shows promise for accelerating chemical reactions in a traceless manner. Sequestration of reactants in lipid vesicles is a strategy prevalent in biological systems to raise the rate and specificity of chemical reactions. Here, the authors show that micelle-assisted reactions facilitate native chemical ligation between a peptide-thioester and a Cys-peptide modified by a lipid-like moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijiang Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Andrew K Rudd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stuart P Moon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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16
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Bhattacharya A, Brea RJ, Song JJ, Bhattacharya R, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Single-Chain β-d-Glycopyranosylamides of Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Self-Assembly Properties and Applications to Artificial Cell Development. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:3711-3720. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Roberto J. Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jing-Jin Song
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Rupak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sunil K. Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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17
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Bhattacharya A, Brea RJ, Niederholtmeyer H, Devaraj NK. A minimal biochemical route towards de novo formation of synthetic phospholipid membranes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:300. [PMID: 30655537 PMCID: PMC6336818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
All living cells consist of membrane compartments, which are mainly composed of phospholipids. Phospholipid synthesis is catalyzed by membrane-bound enzymes, which themselves require pre-existing membranes for function. Thus, the principle of membrane continuity creates a paradox when considering how the first biochemical membrane-synthesis machinery arose and has hampered efforts to develop simplified pathways for membrane generation in synthetic cells. Here, we develop a high-yielding strategy for de novo formation and growth of phospholipid membranes by repurposing a soluble enzyme FadD10 to form fatty acyl adenylates that react with amine-functionalized lysolipids to form phospholipids. Continuous supply of fresh precursors needed for lipid synthesis enables the growth of vesicles encapsulating FadD10. Using a minimal transcription/translation system, phospholipid vesicles are generated de novo in the presence of DNA encoding FadD10. Our findings suggest that alternate chemistries can produce and maintain synthetic phospholipid membranes and provides a strategy for generating membrane-based materials. The origin of phospholipids, the primary constituents of cell membranes, is uncertain. Here, the authors develop an in vitro system to synthesize phospholipid molecules from water-soluble single-chain amphiphilic precursors via a reaction catalysed by the mycobacterial ligase FadD10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Henrike Niederholtmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Post-translational S-palmitoylation plays a central role in protein localization, trafficking, stability, aggregation, and cell signaling. Dysregulation of palmitoylation pathways in cells can alter protein function and is the cause of several diseases. Considering the biological and clinical importance of S-palmitoylation, tools for direct, in vivo modulation of this lipid modification would be extremely valuable. Here, we describe a method for the cleavage of native S-palmitoyl groups from proteins in living cells. Using a cell permeable, cysteine-functionalized amphiphile, we demonstrate the direct depalmitoylation of cellular proteins. We show that amphiphile-mediated depalmitoylation (AMD) can effectively cleave S-palmitoyl groups from the native GTPase HRas and successfully depalmitoylate mislocalized proteins in an infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) disease model. AMD enables direct and facile depalmitoylation of proteins in live cells and has potential therapeutic applications for diseases such as INCL, where native protein thioesterase activity is deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Rudd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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19
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Brea RJ, Bhattacharya A, Bhattacharya R, Song JJ, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Highly Stable Artificial Cells from Galactopyranose-Derived Single-Chain Amphiphiles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17356-17360. [PMID: 30495932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Single-chain amphiphiles (SCAs) that self-assemble into large vesicular structures are attractive components of synthetic cells because of the simplicity of bilayer formation and increased membrane permeability. However, SCAs commonly used for vesicle formation suffer from restricted working pH ranges, instability to divalent cations, and the inhibition of biocatalysts. Construction of more robust biocompatible membranes from SCAs would have significant benefits. We describe the formation of highly stable vesicles from alkyl galactopyranose thioesters. The compatibility of these uncharged SCAs with biomolecules makes possible the encapsulation of functional enzymes and nucleic acids during the vesicle generation process, enabling membrane protein reconstitution and compartmentalized nucleic acid amplification, even when charged precursors are supplied externally.
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20
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Seoane A, Brea RJ, Fuertes A, Podolsky KA, Devaraj NK. Biomimetic Generation and Remodeling of Phospholipid Membranes by Dynamic Imine Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8388-8391. [PMID: 29886740 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic liposomes have a wide array of applications in several areas, ranging from medicinal chemistry to synthetic biology. Due to their biocompatibility and biological relevance, there is particular interest in the formation of synthetic phospholipid vesicles and the development of methods to tune their properties in a controlled manner. However, while true biological membranes are capable of responding to environmental stimuli by enzymatically remodeling their composition, synthetic liposomes are typically static once formed. Herein we report the chemoselective reaction of the natural amine-containing lysosphingomyelin with a series of long-chain aldehydes to form imines. This transformation results in the formation of phospholipid liposomes that are in dynamic equilibrium with the aldehyde-amine form. The reversibility of the imine linkage is exploited in the synthesis of vesicles that are capable of responding to external stimuli such as temperature or the addition of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Seoane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Alberto Fuertes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Kira A Podolsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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21
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Enomoto T, Brea RJ, Bhattacharya A, Devaraj NK. In Situ Lipid Membrane Formation Triggered by Intramolecular Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Langmuir 2018; 34:750-755. [PMID: 28982007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A major goal of synthetic biology is the development of rational methodologies to construct self-assembling non-natural membranes, which could enable the efficient fabrication of artificial cellular systems from purely synthetic components. However, spatiotemporal control of artificial membrane formation remains both challenging and limited in scope. Here, we describe a new methodology to promote biomimetic phospholipid membrane formation by the photochemical activation of a catalyst-sensitizer dyad via an intramolecular photoinduced electron-transfer process. Our results offer future opportunities to exert spatiotemporal control over artificial cellular constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Enomoto
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science , 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI [The Graduate University for Advanced Studies] , Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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22
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Bhattacharya A, Brea RJ, Devaraj NK. De novo vesicle formation and growth: an integrative approach to artificial cells. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7912-7922. [PMID: 29619165 PMCID: PMC5858084 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of synthetic membranes provides a powerful tool to reconstruct the structure and function of living cells.
The assembly of artificial cells provides a novel strategy to reconstruct life's functions and shed light on how life emerged on Earth and possibly elsewhere. A major challenge to the development of artificial cells is the establishment of simple methodologies to mimic native membrane generation. An ambitious strategy is the bottom-up approach, which aims to systematically control the assembly of highly ordered membrane architectures with defined functionality. This perspective will cover recent advances and the current state-of-the-art of minimal lipid architectures that can faithfully reconstruct the structure and function of living cells. Specifically, we will overview work related to the de novo formation and growth of biomimetic membranes. These studies give us a deeper understanding of the nature of living systems and bring new insights into the origin of cellular life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093 , USA .
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093 , USA .
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093 , USA .
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23
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Abstract
Autocatalytic chemical reactions, whereby a molecule is able to catalyze its own formation from a set of precursors, mimic nature’s ability to generate identical copies of relevant biomolecules, and are thought to have been crucial for the origin of life. While several molecular autocatalysts have been previously reported, coupling autocatalytic behavior to macromolecular self-assembly has been challenging. Here, we report a non-enzymatic and chemoselective methodology capable of autocatalytically producing triskelion peptides that self-associate into spherical bioinspired nanostructures. Serial transfer experiments demonstrate that oligotriazole autocatalysis successfully leads to continual self-assembly of three-dimensional nanospheres. Triskelion-based spherical architectures offer an opportunity to organize biomolecules and chemical reactions in unique, nanoscale compartments. The use of peptide-based autocatalysts that are capable of self-assembly represents a promising method for the development of self-synthesizing biomaterials, and may shed light on understanding life’s chemical origins. Molecules that act as both autocatalysts and material precursors offer exciting prospects for self-synthesizing materials. Here, the authors design a triazole peptide that self-replicates and then self-assembles into nanostructures, coupling autocatalytic and assembly pathways to realize a reproducing supramolecular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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25
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Brea RJ, Cole CM, Lyda BR, Ye L, Prosser RS, Sunahara RK, Devaraj NK. In Situ Reconstitution of the Adenosine A 2A Receptor in Spontaneously Formed Synthetic Liposomes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3607-3610. [PMID: 28263576 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell transmembrane receptors play a key role in the detection of environmental stimuli and control of intracellular communication. G protein-coupled receptors constitute the largest transmembrane protein family involved in cell signaling. However, current methods for their functional reconstitution in biomimetic membranes remain both challenging and limited in scope. Herein, we describe the spontaneous reconstitution of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) during the de novo formation of synthetic liposomes via native chemical ligation. The approach takes advantage of a nonenzymatic and chemoselective method to rapidly generate A2AR embedded phospholiposomes from receptor solubilized in n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside analogs. In situ lipid synthesis for protein reconstitution technology proceeds in the absence of dialysis and/or detergent absorbents, and A2AR assimilation into synthetic liposomes can be visualized by microscopy and probed by radio-ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christian M Cole
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Brent R Lyda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Libin Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - R Scott Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Roger K Sunahara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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26
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Brea RJ, Hardy MD, Devaraj NK. Towards self-assembled hybrid artificial cells: novel bottom-up approaches to functional synthetic membranes. Chemistry 2015; 21:12564-70. [PMID: 26149747 PMCID: PMC4617832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in utilizing bottom-up approaches to develop synthetic cells. A popular methodology is the integration of functionalized synthetic membranes with biological systems, producing "hybrid" artificial cells. This Concept article covers recent advances and the current state-of-the-art of such hybrid systems. Specifically, we describe minimal supramolecular constructs that faithfully mimic the structure and/or function of living cells, often by controlling the assembly of highly ordered membrane architectures with defined functionality. These studies give us a deeper understanding of the nature of living systems, bring new insights into the origin of cellular life, and provide novel synthetic chassis for advancing synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-534-9503 Homepage: http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Michael D Hardy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-534-9503 Homepage: http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-534-9503 Homepage: http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu.
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Cole CM, Brea RJ, Kim YH, Hardy MD, Yang J, Devaraj NK. Spontaneous Reconstitution of Functional Transmembrane Proteins During Bioorthogonal Phospholipid Membrane Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Cole CM, Brea RJ, Kim YH, Hardy MD, Yang J, Devaraj NK. Spontaneous Reconstitution of Functional Transmembrane Proteins During Bioorthogonal Phospholipid Membrane Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12738-42. [PMID: 26316292 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins are critical for signaling, transport, and metabolism, yet their reconstitution in synthetic membranes is often challenging. Non-enzymatic and chemoselective methods to generate phospholipid membranes in situ would be powerful tools for the incorporation of membrane proteins. Herein, the spontaneous reconstitution of functional integral membrane proteins during the de novo synthesis of biomimetic phospholipid bilayers is described. The approach takes advantage of bioorthogonal coupling reactions to generate proteoliposomes from micelle-solubilized proteins. This method was successfully used to reconstitute three different transmembrane proteins into synthetic membranes. This is the first example of the use of non-enzymatic chemical synthesis of phospholipids to prepare proteoliposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Cole
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA) http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA) http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Young Hun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Pacific Hall 6160, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Michael D Hardy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA) http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Jerry Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Pacific Hall 6160, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA) http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu.
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Abstract
Phospholipid vesicles are of intense fundamental and practical interest, yet methods for their de novo generation from reactive precursors are limited. A non-enzymatic and chemoselective method to spontaneously generate phospholipid membranes from water-soluble starting materials would be a powerful tool for generating vesicles and studying lipid membranes. Here we describe the use of native chemical ligation (NCL) to rapidly prepare phospholipids spontaneously from thioesters. While NCL is one of the most popular tools for synthesizing proteins and nucleic acids, to our knowledge this is the first example of using NCL to generate phospholipids de novo. The lipids are capable of in situ synthesis and self-assembly into vesicles that can grow to several microns in diameter. The selectivity of the NCL reaction makes in situ membrane formation compatible with biological materials such as proteins. This work expands the application of NCL to the formation of phospholipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA) http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu
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Guerra A, Brea RJ, Amorín M, Castedo L, Granja JR. Self-assembling properties of all γ-cyclic peptides containing sugar amino acid residues. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:8762-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26612a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hernández-Eguía LP, Brea RJ, Castedo L, Ballester P, Granja JR. Regioisomeric control induced by DABCO coordination to rotatable self-assembled bis- and tetraporphyrin α,γ-cyclic octapeptide dimers. Chemistry 2010; 17:1220-9. [PMID: 21243688 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of two α,γ-cyclic octapeptides decorated with one and two Zn-porphyrin units in their periphery is described. In nonpolar organic solvents the α,γ-cyclic octapeptides quantitatively self-assemble into Zn-bis- or -tetraporphyrin architectures that could act as molecular tweezers. The self-assembly process, however, is not regioselective and affords a mixture of different regioisomers that are involved in chemical exchange processes. The regioisomers with the Zn-porphyrin units positioned in register with respect to each other are proposed to be the less abundant species in the solution mixture. It has been demonstrated that the coordination of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) to the supramolecular bis- or tetraporphyrin tweezers is an effective way to achieve regioisomeric control of the self-assembled mixture of dimers. Thus, DABCO functions as an external molecular trigger and, when used under strict stoichiometric control with respect to the Zn-porphyrin units, provokes the exclusive formation of self-assembled dimers with a cofacial arrangement of Zn-porphyrin units through the formation of sandwich-type complexes. The use of excess DABCO fragments the sandwich complexes and affords open dimers of high stoichiometry with DABCO molecules axially monocoordinated to the Zn-porphyrin units, probably as a regioisomeric mixture. In the case of Zn-tetraporphyrin tweezers, the ditopic coordination of DABCO at the two binding sites shows a moderate positive cooperativity factor, αP=5. These assemblies have potential applications as light-induced energy and electron-transfer switches regulated by DABCO coordination; such applications would require the introduction of additional chromophores in the cyclic peptide scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Hernández-Eguía
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Brea RJ, Pérez-Alvite MJ, Panciera M, Mosquera M, Castedo L, Granja JR. Highly Efficient and Directional Homo- and Heterodimeric Energy Transfer Materials Based on Fluorescently Derivatized α,γ-Cyclic Octapeptides. Chem Asian J 2010; 6:110-21. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to the preparation of artificial nanotubular materials. One of the most successful approaches for the construction of noncovalently bonded nanotube entities is the self-assembly of cyclic polypeptides in stacks that are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. This tutorial review covers the history and current situation for synthetic organic nanostructures obtained from self-assembling cyclic peptides. In particular, we describe the evolution to cyclic peptides that not only allow the modification of the outer surface but also the inner cavity by paying special attention to peptide rings that contain cyclic gamma-amino acids. In this respect, we describe the synthesis, properties and application of a new class of homo- and heterodimeric supramolecular assemblies that are precursors of cyclic alpha,gamma-peptide nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Brea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Reiriz C, Brea RJ, Arranz R, Carrascosa JL, Garibotti A, Manning B, Valpuesta JM, Eritja R, Castedo L, Granja JR. α,γ-Peptide Nanotube Templating of One-Dimensional Parallel Fullerene Arrangements. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11335-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja904548q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- César Reiriz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IQAC-CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 15, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto J. Brea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IQAC-CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 15, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Arranz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IQAC-CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 15, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L. Carrascosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IQAC-CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 15, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Garibotti
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IQAC-CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 15, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brendan Manning
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IQAC-CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 15, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Valpuesta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IQAC-CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 15, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Eritja
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IQAC-CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 15, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Castedo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IQAC-CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 15, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R. Granja
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, and Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IQAC-CSIC, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 15, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Brea RJ, Castedo L, Granja JR, Herranz MÁ, Sánchez L, Martín N, Seitz W, Guldi DM. Electron transfer in Me-blocked heterodimeric alpha,gamma-peptide nanotubular donor-acceptor hybrids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:5291-4. [PMID: 17372222 PMCID: PMC1838467 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609506104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-inspired cyclopeptidic heterodimers built on beta-sheet-like hydrogen-bonding networks and bearing photoactive and electroactive chromophores on the outer surface have been prepared. Different cross-strand pairwise relationships between the side chains of the cyclic alpha,gamma-peptides afford the heterodimers as three nonequivalent dimeric species. Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies clearly show an electron transfer process from pi-extended tetrathiafulvalene, covalently attached to one of the cyclopeptides, to photoexcited [60]fullerene, located on the complementary cyclopeptide. The charge-separated state was stabilized for up to 1 micros before recombining and repopulating the ground state. Our current example shows that cyclopeptidic templates can be successfully used to form light-harvesting/light-converting hybrid ensembles with a distinctive organization of donor and acceptor units able to act as efficient artificial photosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J. Brea
- *Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Santiago, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Castedo
- *Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Santiago, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan R. Granja
- *Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Santiago, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Herranz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Wolfgang Seitz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Brea RJ, Vázquez ME, Mosquera M, Castedo L, Granja JR. Controlling multiple fluorescent signal output in cyclic peptide-based supramolecular systems. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:1653-7. [PMID: 17243683 DOI: 10.1021/ja066885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A multicomponent equilibrium network based on self-assembling alpha,gamma-cyclic peptides with controlled fluorescence output is described. The network takes advantage of the large association constant of alpha,gamma-cyclic peptides and the controlled formation homo- and heterodimers, making use for the first time of excimer/FRET effects in conjunction for studying complex interaction networks. In addition, we study the Dapoxyl/pyrene FRET pair for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Brea
- Departamento de Química OrgAnica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Brea RJ, Castedo L, Granja JR. Large-diameter self-assembled dimers of α,γ-cyclic peptides, with the nanotubular solid-state structure of cyclo-[(l-Leu-d-MeN-γ-Acp)4-]·4CHCl2COOH. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:3267-9. [PMID: 17668096 DOI: 10.1039/b703659k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dimeric nanotube segments with pore diameters of up to 17 A have been obtained by self-assembly from new alpha,gamma-cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Brea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Santiago, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Brea RJ, López-Deber MP, Castedo L, Granja JR. Synthesis of ω-(Hetero)arylalkynylated α-Amino Acid by Sonogashira-Type Reactions in Aqueous Media. J Org Chem 2006; 71:7870-3. [PMID: 16995701 DOI: 10.1021/jo061300n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mild conditions are described that allow the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of C(alpha)-alkynylated glycine with a wide variety of electron-rich and electron-poor aryl and heteroaryl halides in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Brea
- Departamento de Química Organica e Unidade Asociada ó C.S.I.C., Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Abstract
[structure: see text] Cyclic tetrapeptides in which alpha-amino acids alternate with cis-3-aminocycloalkanecarboxylic acids dimerize by forming hydrogen bonds between their alpha-faces but not between their gamma-faces, establishing the minimal structural requirements for the novel alpha,gamma-peptide hybrids SPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Amorín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Unidade Asociada ó CSIC, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Brea RJ, Amorín M, Castedo L, Granja JR. Methyl-Blocked Dimeric α,γ-Peptide Nanotube Segments: Formation of a Peptide Heterodimer through Backbone-Backbone Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Brea RJ, Amorín M, Castedo L, Granja JR. Methyl-Blocked Dimeric α,γ-Peptide Nanotube Segments: Formation of a Peptide Heterodimer through Backbone-Backbone Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:5710-3. [PMID: 16080230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Brea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Unidade Asociada ó C.S.I.C. Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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