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Pontico M, Conte M, Petronella F, Frantellizzi V, De Feo MS, Di Luzio D, Pani R, De Vincentis G, De Sio L. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18F-FDG) Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) for Plasmonic Photothermal Ablation of Cancer: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:319. [PMID: 36839641 PMCID: PMC9967497 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The meeting and merging between innovative nanotechnological systems, such as nanoparticles, and the persistent need to outperform diagnostic-therapeutic approaches to fighting cancer are revolutionizing the medical research scenario, leading us into the world of nanomedicine. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a non-invasive thermo-ablative treatment in which cellular hyperthermia is generated through the interaction of near-infrared light with light-to-heat converter entities, such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs). GNPs have great potential to improve recovery time, cure complexity, and time spent on the treatment of specific types of cancer. The development of gold nanostructures for photothermal efficacy and target selectivity ensures effective and deep tissue-penetrating PTT with fewer worries about adverse effects from nonspecific distributions. Regardless of the thriving research recorded in the last decade regarding the multiple biomedical applications of nanoparticles and, in particular, their conjugation with drugs, few works have been completed regarding the possibility of combining GNPs with the cancer-targeted pharmaceutical fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). This review aims to provide an actual scenario on the application of functionalized GNP-mediated PTT for cancer ablation purposes, regarding the opportunity given by the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Pontico
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Conte
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Petronella
- Institute of Crystallography CNR-IC, National Research Council of Italy, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Frantellizzi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Silvia De Feo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Di Luzio
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pani
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Research Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Vincentis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano De Sio
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Research Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
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Frantellizzi V, Lavelli V, Ferrari C, Sardaro A, Farcomeni A, Pacilio M, Borrazzo C, Pani R, Rubini G, Vincentis GD. Diagnostic Value of the Early Heart-to-Mediastinum Count Ratio in Cardiac 123I-mIBG Imaging for Parkinson's Disease. Curr Radiopharm 2021; 14:64-69. [PMID: 32720610 DOI: 10.2174/1874471013999200727211633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is of primary importance. The delayed (3-4 h after injection) Iodine-123-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-mIBG) scintigraphy has been proven to be effective in early differential diagnosis for Lewy body disease. But early imaging (15-30 min after injection) has only been marginally studied for its possible diagnostic role. In this prospective study, a threshold for the early Heart-to-Mediastinum (H/M) count ratio has been investigated, obtaining a diagnostic accuracy analogous to conventional, delayed imaging. METHODS One hundred and eight patients with suspected Parkinson's disease (PD) were acquired after 15 and 240 minutes from the injection of 150-185 MBq of 123I-mIBG. The early and late H/M (He/Me and Hl/Ml) were evaluated by drawing Region-of-Interests on the heart and the upper half of the mediastinum. Optimal threshold (Youden index) and overall predictive performance were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve, classifying tentatively patients having an Hl/Ml lower than 1.6 as suffering from PD. RESULTS He/Me was not significantly different from Hl/Ml (p-value=0.835). The Area-under-curve was 0.935 (95%CI: 0.845-1.000). The He/Me optimal threshold was 1.66, with sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 95.5%, 85.7 and 90.7% respectively. CONCLUSION The He/Me Ratio is almost as accurate as the widely used delayed 123I-mIBG imaging, reducing the burden of delayed imaging but preserving the diagnostic accuracy of the method. Moreover the differential diagnosis in Parkinson's disease can be made in just 25 minutes against the 4 hours currently needed, lowering costs of the healthcare system and improving patients compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Frantellizzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza, "Sapienza" University of Rome, viale Regina Elena,324, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Lavelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Sardaro
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- Department of Economic and Finance, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, via Columbia, 2, 00133Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pacilio
- Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pani
- Department of Sciences and Medico-Surgical Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, viale Regina Elena,324, 00161Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rubini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Vincentis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza, "Sapienza" University of Rome, viale Regina Elena,324, 00161Rome, Italy
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Guglielmelli A, Rosa P, Contardi M, Prato M, Mangino G, Miglietta S, Petrozza V, Pani R, Calogero A, Athanassiou A, Perotto G, De Sio L. Biomimetic keratin gold nanoparticle-mediated in vitro photothermal therapy on glioblastoma multiforme. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:121-138. [PMID: 33426900 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To realize and characterize a new generation of keratin-coated gold nanoparticles (Ker-AuNPs) as highly efficient photosensitive nanosized therapeutics for plasmonic photothermal (PPT) therapy. Materials & methods: The chemical, physical, morphological and photothermal properties of Ker-AuNPs are investigated using dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential, UV-Visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution thermography. In vitro experiments are performed on a human glioblastoma cell line (i.e., U87-MG), using viability assays, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, cytometric analyses and PPT experiments. Results: Experiments confirm the excellent biocompatibility of Ker-AuNPs, their efficient cellular uptake and localized photothermal heating capabilities. Conclusion: The reported structural and functional properties pointed out these Ker-AuNPs as a promising new tool in the field of biocompatible photothermal agents for PPT treatments against cancer-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Guglielmelli
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy.,CNR-Lab. LiCryl, Institute NANOTEC, Arcavacata di Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Paolo Rosa
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina 79, 04100, Italy
| | - Marco Contardi
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, Genoa 30, 16163, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, Genova 30, 16163, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina 79, 04100, Italy
| | - Selenia Miglietta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine & Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli, Rome 50, 00161, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina 79, 04100, Italy
| | - Roberto Pani
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina 79, 04100, Italy
| | - Antonella Calogero
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina 79, 04100, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Perotto
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, Genoa 30, 16163, Italy
| | - Luciano De Sio
- CNR-Lab. LiCryl, Institute NANOTEC, Arcavacata di Rende 87036, Italy.,Department of Medico-surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina 79, 04100, Italy
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Bononi M, Viviana F, De Feo MS, Sollaku S, Pani A, Falconi R, Pani R, Cavallaro G, Brozzetti S, De Vincentis G. Gonioprobe, an Innovative Gamma-probe to Guide Parathyroid Radioguided Surgery: First Clinical Experiences with Navigator and Lock-ontarget Functions. Curr Radiopharm 2020; 14:161-169. [PMID: 32693772 DOI: 10.2174/1874471013666200721013903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioguided surgery represents a validated technique for the detection and the excision of abnormal parathyroid glands responsible for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). To date little attention has been paid as to how the characteristics of gamma-probes can influence surgical procedure and time, thus having an impact on postoperative morbidity, hospitalization and costs. METHODS We designed a new prototype of gamma-probe, the Gonioprobe, and tested its clinical utility in the operating room. Gonioprobe, thanks to its 5 scintillating independent crystals, performs the dual function of Navigator and Lock-on-target. These characteristics allow the immediate guidance of the surgeon's hand towards the source with very high precision, and with a much higher spatial resolution than commercial probes. Gonioprobe was used during intervention to detect abnormal parathyroid tissue, and to ensure no radioactivity in surgery bed after adenoma removal. RESULTS We tested our gamma-probe on parathyroid adenomas particularly difficult to identify at a visual inspection due to anatomy modifications from previous neck surgery and/or characterized by uncommon localization. Moreover, parathyroid adenomas were hardly removable due to the proximity to the esophagus, neck vessels and/or recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). An intraoperative nerve monitoring system was used to protect the recurrent laryngeal nerve from injuries. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay and frozen biopsy confirmed the successful excision of the adenomas. CONCLUSION The intraoperative use of the innovative Gonioprobe along with the nerve monitoring system allowed an accurate and safe removal of parathyroid adenomas and offered a significant advantage by reducing surgical time and postoperative complications, as well as hospitalization and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bononi
- Department of General and Plastic Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Frantellizzi Viviana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena,324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Silvia De Feo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena,324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Saadi Sollaku
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena,324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Pani
- Department of oncology and hemato- oncology, University of Milan "Statale", Italy
| | - Rita Falconi
- Specialty School in Medical Physics, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pani
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cavallaro
- Department of General and Plastic Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Brozzetti
- Department of General and Plastic Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Vincentis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena,324, 00161 Rome, Italy
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De Angelis B, Depalo N, Petronella F, Quintarelli C, Curri ML, Pani R, Calogero A, Locatelli F, De Sio L. Stimuli-responsive nanoparticle-assisted immunotherapy: a new weapon against solid tumours. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1823-1840. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02246e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between photo-thermal therapy and immunotherapy allows the realization of new nanotechnology-based cancer treatments for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio De Angelis
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital
- IRCCS
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- CNR-IPCF
- National Research Council of Italy
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes-Bari Division
- I-70126 Bari
- Italy
| | - Francesca Petronella
- CNR-IC
- National Research Council of Italy
- Institute Crystallography
- 00015 Monterotondo – Rome
- Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital
- IRCCS
- Rome
- Italy
| | - M. Lucia Curri
- CNR-IPCF
- National Research Council of Italy
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes-Bari Division
- I-70126 Bari
- Italy
| | - Roberto Pani
- Center for Biophotonics and Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies
- Sapienza University of Rome
- Latina
- Italy
| | - Antonella Calogero
- Center for Biophotonics and Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies
- Sapienza University of Rome
- Latina
- Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital
- IRCCS
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Luciano De Sio
- Center for Biophotonics and Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies
- Sapienza University of Rome
- Latina
- Italy
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Frantellizzi V, Pontico M, Pani A, Pani R, De Vincentis G. Analysis of Unusual Adverse Effects After Radium-223 Dichloride Administration. Curr Radiopharm 2019; 13:159-163. [PMID: 31560295 PMCID: PMC7527544 DOI: 10.2174/1874471012666190927115331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, no previous study or literature review has been performed about the effects of the extravasation of therapeutic radiopharmaceutical agents and its potential consequences, especially regarding alpha-particle emitting radiopharmaceuticals. METHODS Even if Radium-223 dichloride is known to be a relatively safe drug to manage, despite the correctness of the procedures applied , unexpected delayed adverse effects can occur. In our vast experience, we rarely observed lymphedema, even after some time, at the site of administration. RESULTS Management of lymphedema caused by radiopharmaceuticals administration has been addressed through clinical examples. The sudden intervention allowed a fast remission of the signs and symptoms complained by patients treated with Radium-223 dichloride. CONCLUSION The management of adverse effects after radiopharmaceuticals administration as in case of lymphedema onset, is extremely simple. These data confirm the safety of Radium-223 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariano Pontico
- Ph.D. Program in Morphogenesis and Tissue Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Pani
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan "Statale", Italy
| | - Roberto Pani
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Vincentis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Pani R, Longo M, Pellegrini R, Cinti M, Frantellizzi V, De Vincentis G. 82. Variable tilt-angle, parallel-hole collimation system for molecular imaging gamma tomosynthesis. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Polito C, Pellegrini R, Cinti M, De Vincentis G, Lo Meo S, Fabbri A, Bennati P, Cencelli VO, Pani R. Dual-modality imaging with a ultrasound-gamma device for oncology. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Scopinaro F, Pani R, Soluri A, Pellegrini R, Scafè R, De Vincentis G, Capoccetti F, David V, Chiarini S, Stella S. Detection of Sentinel Node in Breast Cancer: Pilot Study with the Imaging Probe. Tumori 2018; 86:329-31. [PMID: 11016719 DOI: 10.1177/030089160008600420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The commonly used gamma probes are easy to use but also give rough information when employed in radioisotope-guided surgery. When images are required for exact localization, a gamma camera as well as a probe have to be used. Position-sensitive photomultipliers have contemporaneously allowed high-resolution scintigraphy and miniaturization of gamma cameras. We have assembled a miniature gamma camera with a 1-square-inch field of view and an intrinsic resolution of about 1 mm. When the minicamera is collimated with a large-holed, highly sensitive collimator, it acquires a spatial resolution of 3 mm. This prototype has been tested in the detection of difficult-to-image breast cancer sentinel nodes. Five nodes that had not been found with the usual technique of an Anger camera plus conventional probe were checked with the miniature camera that we named imaging probe: it actually is small enough to be used as a probe and large enough to give an image. One of the five nodes was found and imaged. It was small, disease-free, close to the tumor and probably hidden by the Compton halo around the peritumoral injection site. Our pilot study shows that the imaging probe, although still a prototype, has certain advantages over conventional methods when lymph node localization is required during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scopinaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
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Benlloch JM, González AJ, Pani R, Preziosi E, Jackson C, Murphy J, Barberá J, Correcher C, Aussenhofer S, Gareis D, Visvikis D, Bert J, Langstrom B, Farde L, Toth M, Haggkvist J, Caixeta FV, Kullander K, Somlai-Schweiger I, Schwaiger M. The MINDVIEW project: First results. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 50:21-27. [PMID: 29398564 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first results of the MINDVIEW project. An innovative imaging system for the human brain examination, allowing simultaneous acquisition of PET/MRI images, has been designed and constructed. It consists of a high sensitivity and high resolution PET scanner integrated in a novel, head-dedicated, radio frequency coil for a 3T MRI scanner. Preliminary measurements from the PET scanner show sensitivity 3 times higher than state-of-the-art PET systems that will allow safe repeated studies on the same patient. The achieved spatial resolution, close to 1 mm, will enable differentiation of relevant brain structures for schizophrenia. A cost-effective and simple method of radiopharmaceutical production from 11C-carbon monoxide and a mini-clean room has been demonstrated. It has been shown that 11C-raclopride has higher binding potential in a new VAAT null mutant mouse model of schizophrenia compared to wild type control animals. A significant reduction in TSPO binding has been found in gray matter in a small sample of drug-naïve, first episode psychosis patients, suggesting a reduced number or an altered function of immune cells in brain at early stage schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Benlloch
- Institute for Instrumentation in Molecular Imaging (I3 M), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio J González
- Institute for Instrumentation in Molecular Imaging (I3 M), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Roberto Pani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Preziosi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dimitris Visvikis
- INSERM, UMR1101, LaTIM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Julien Bert
- INSERM, UMR1101, LaTIM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | | | - Lars Farde
- Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Precision Medicine & Genomics, AstraZeneca, PET Science Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miklos Toth
- Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Haggkvist
- Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio V Caixeta
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klas Kullander
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Markus Schwaiger
- Technische Universität München, Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Munich, Germany
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Frantellizzi V, Farcomeni A, Follacchio GA, Pacilio M, Pellegrini R, Pani R, De Vincentis G. A 3-variable prognostic score (3-PS) for overall survival prediction in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with 223Radium-dichloride. Ann Nucl Med 2017; 32:142-148. [PMID: 29285670 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-017-1228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In mCRPC patients treated with 223Ra, a major issue is the validation of reliable prognostic and predictive biomarkers to maximize clinical benefit and minimize toxicities and costs. Bearing in mind how changes in tALP did not meet statistical requirements as surrogate marker for survival, aim of this single-center retrospective study was to characterize the prognostic and predictive role of baseline clinical variables associated with overall survival in patients receiving 223Ra treatment. METHODS 92 consecutive CRPC patients with symptomatic bone metastases receiving 223Ra treatment were included. Available baseline clinical data relevant to the survival analysis were retrospectively collected. The primary end-point of the study was overall survival, which was established from the first 223Ra administration until date of death from any cause. RESULTS Median follow-up time from the first 223Ra administration was 6 months (range 1-31 months). The univariate analysis evaluating the prognostic value of all baseline clinical variables showed that patients' weight, BMI, ECOG PS, Hb and tALP values were independently associated with OS. On multivariable analysis only baseline Hb value and ECOG PS remained significantly correlated with OS. To determine reliable baseline predictive factors for survival in patients receiving 223Ra treatment, we produced a predictive score. We tried all possible variable combinations, and found that the best score was obtained by combining baseline ECOG PS with Hb < 12 g/dl and PSA ≥ 20 ng/ml. This resulted in a score ranging from 0 to 4, with AUC 78.4% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We propose a multidimensional clinical evaluation to select those mCRPC subjects suitable to receive the maximum benefit from 223Ra treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Frantellizzi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,Angio-Cardio-Thoracic Pathophisiology and Imaging, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Anna Follacchio
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pacilio
- Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pani
- Department of Sciences and Medico-Surgical Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Vincentis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
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D'Arienzo M, Pimpinella M, Capogni M, De Coste V, Filippi L, Spezi E, Patterson N, Mariotti F, Ferrari P, Chiaramida P, Tapner M, Fischer A, Paulus T, Pani R, Iaccarino G, D'Andrea M, Strigari L, Bagni O. Phantom validation of quantitative Y-90 PET/CT-based dosimetry in liver radioembolization. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:94. [PMID: 29185067 PMCID: PMC5705539 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PET/CT has recently been shown to be a viable alternative to traditional post-infusion imaging methods providing good quality images of 90Y-laden microspheres after selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT). In the present paper, first we assessed the quantitative accuracy of 90Y-PET using an anthropomorphic phantom provided with lungs, liver, spine, and a cylindrical homemade lesion located into the hepatic compartment. Then, we explored the accuracy of different computational approaches on dose calculation, including (I) direct Monte Carlo radiation transport using Raydose, (II) Kernel convolution using Philips Stratos, (III) local deposition algorithm, (IV) Monte Carlo technique (MCNP) considering a uniform activity distribution, and (V) MIRD (Medical Internal Radiation Dose) analytical approach. Finally, calculated absorbed doses were compared with those obtained performing measurements with LiF:Mg,Cu,P TLD chips in a liquid environment. Results Our results indicate that despite 90Y-PET being likely to provide high-resolution images, the 90Y low branch ratio, along with other image-degrading factors, may produce non-uniform activity maps, even in the presence of uniform activity. A systematic underestimation of the recovered activity, both for the tumor insert and for the liver background, was found. This is particularly true if no partial volume correction is applied through recovery coefficients. All dose algorithms performed well, the worst case scenario providing an agreement between absorbed dose evaluations within 20%. Average absorbed doses determined with the local deposition method are in excellent agreement with those obtained using the MIRD and the kernel-convolution dose calculation approach. Finally, absorbed dose assessed with MC codes are in good agreement with those obtained using TLD in liquid solution, thus confirming the soundness of both calculation approaches. This is especially true for Raydose, which provided an absorbed dose value within 3% of the measured dose, well within the stated uncertainties. Conclusions Patient-specific dosimetry is possible even in a scenario with low true coincidences and high random fraction, as in 90Y–PET imaging, granted that accurate absolute PET calibration is performed and acquisition times are sufficiently long. Despite Monte Carlo calculations seeming to outperform all dose estimation algorithms, our data provide a strong argument for encouraging the use of the local deposition algorithm for routine 90Y dosimetry based on PET/CT imaging, due to its simplicity of implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco D'Arienzo
- ENEA, Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Pimpinella
- ENEA, Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Capogni
- ENEA, Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa De Coste
- ENEA, Italian National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Filippi
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Emiliano Spezi
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nick Patterson
- Department of Medical Physics, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK
| | - Francesca Mariotti
- ENEA, Radiation Protection Institute, Bologna Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- ENEA, Radiation Protection Institute, Bologna Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Alexander Fischer
- Philips Technologie GmbH Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories Pauwelsstr, 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Timo Paulus
- Philips Technologie GmbH Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories Pauwelsstr, 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roberto Pani
- Depertment of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotecnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iaccarino
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco D'Andrea
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste Bagni
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
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Pacilio M, Cassano B, Pellegrini R, Di Castro E, Zorz A, De Vincentis G, Ventroni G, Mango L, Giancola S, Ferrari M, Cremonesi M, Bianchi C, Virotta G, Carbonini C, Cesana P, Fulcheri C, Reggioli V, Ricci A, Trevisiol E, Anglesio S, Pani R. Gamma camera calibrations for the Italian multicentre study for lesion dosimetry in 223Ra therapy of bone metastases. Phys Med 2017; 41:117-123. [PMID: 28457786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to calibrate gamma cameras in the framework of the Italian multicentre study for lesion dosimetry in 223Ra therapy of bone metastases. Equipments of several manufacturers and different models were used. METHODS Eleven gamma cameras (3/8- and 5/8-inch crystal) were used, acquiring planar static images with double-peak (82 and 154keV, 20% wide) and MEGP collimator. The sensitivity was measured in air, varying source-detector distance and source size. Transmission curves were measured, calculating the parameters used for attenuation/scatter correction with the pseudo-extrapolation number method, and assessing their variations with the source size. RESULTS Values of the calibration factor (geometric mean of both detector sensitivities) ranged from 41.1 to 113.9cps/MBq. For the smallest source (diameter of 3.5cm), the calibration factor decrease ranged from -30% to -4%, highlighting the importance of partial volume effects according to the equipment involved. The sensitivity variation with the source-detector distance, with respect to the 15cm-value, reached 10% (in absolute value) in the range 5-30cm, but fixing the distance between the two heads, the calibration factor variation with the distance from the midline was within 3.6%. Appreciable variation of the transmission curves with the source size were observed, examining the results obtained with six gamma cameras. CONCLUSION Assessments of sensitivity and transmission curve variations with source size should be regularly implemented in calibration procedures. The results of this study represent a useful compendium to check the obtained calibrations for dosimetric purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Pacilio
- Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Bartolomeo Cassano
- Postgraduate School of Medical Physics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro no. 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Castro
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zorz
- Department of Medical Physics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Vincentis
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Ventroni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Mango
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Circonvallazione Gianicolense 87, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Giancola
- Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Latina, Via Canova 3, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Mahila Ferrari
- Department of Medical Physics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Cremonesi
- Radiation Research Unit, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bianchi
- Department of Medical Physics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Virotta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Claudia Carbonini
- Department of Medical Physics, Ospedale Niguarda, P.zza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cesana
- Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristian Fulcheri
- Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia - Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Reggioli
- Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia - Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ricci
- Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Viterbo, Via Enrico Fermi 15, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Edoardo Trevisiol
- Department of Radiotherapy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Anglesio
- Department of Radiotherapy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Pani
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
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Pacilio M, Ferrari M, Chiesa C, Lorenzon L, Mira M, Botta F, Becci D, Torres LA, Coca Perez M, Vergara Gil A, Basile C, Ljungberg M, Pani R, Cremonesi M. Impact of SPECT corrections on 3D-dosimetry for liver transarterial radioembolization using the patient relative calibration methodology. Med Phys 2017; 43:4053. [PMID: 27370124 DOI: 10.1118/1.4953203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Many centers aim to plan liver transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with dosimetry, even without CT-based attenuation correction (AC), or with unoptimized scatter correction (SC) methods. This work investigates the impact of presence vs absence of such corrections, and limited spatial resolution, on 3D dosimetry for TARE. METHODS Three voxelized phantoms were derived from CT images of real patients with different body sizes. Simulations of (99m)Tc-SPECT projections were performed with the SIMIND code, assuming three activity distributions in the liver: uniform, inside a "liver's segment," or distributing multiple uptaking nodules ("nonuniform liver"), with a tumoral liver/healthy parenchyma ratio of 5:1. Projection data were reconstructed by a commercial workstation, with OSEM protocol not specifically optimized for dosimetry (spatial resolution of 12.6 mm), with/without SC (optimized, or with parameters predefined by the manufacturer; dual energy window), and with/without AC. Activity in voxels was calculated by a relative calibration, assuming identical microspheres and (99m)Tc-SPECT counts spatial distribution. 3D dose distributions were calculated by convolution with (90)Y voxel S-values, assuming permanent trapping of microspheres. Cumulative dose-volume histograms in lesions and healthy parenchyma from different reconstructions were compared with those obtained from the reference biodistribution (the "gold standard," GS), assessing differences for D95%, D70%, and D50% (i.e., minimum value of the absorbed dose to a percentage of the irradiated volume). γ tool analysis with tolerance of 3%/13 mm was used to evaluate the agreement between GS and simulated cases. The influence of deep-breathing was studied, blurring the reference biodistributions with a 3D anisotropic gaussian kernel, and performing the simulations once again. RESULTS Differences of the dosimetric indicators were noticeable in some cases, always negative for lesions and distributed around zero for parenchyma. Application of AC and SC reduced systematically the differences for lesions by 5%-14% for a liver segment, and by 7%-12% for a nonuniform liver. For parenchyma, the data trend was less clear, but the overall range of variability passed from -10%/40% for a liver segment, and -10%/20% for a nonuniform liver, to -13%/6% in both cases. Applying AC, SC with preset parameters gave similar results to optimized SC, as confirmed by γ tool analysis. Moreover, γ analysis confirmed that solely AC and SC are not sufficient to obtain accurate 3D dose distribution. With breathing, the accuracy worsened severely for all dosimetric indicators, above all for lesions: with AC and optimized SC, -38%/-13% in liver's segment, -61%/-40% in the nonuniform liver. For parenchyma, D50% resulted always less sensitive to breathing and sub-optimal correction methods (difference overall range: -7%/13%). CONCLUSIONS Reconstruction protocol optimization, AC, SC, PVE and respiratory motion corrections should be implemented to obtain the best possible dosimetric accuracy. On the other side, thanks to the relative calibration, D50% inaccuracy for the healthy parenchyma from absence of AC was less than expected, while the optimization of SC was scarcely influent. The relative calibration therefore allows to perform TARE planning, basing on D50% for the healthy parenchyma, even without AC or with suboptimal corrections, rather than rely on nondosimetric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Pacilio
- Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome 00152, Italy
| | - Mahila Ferrari
- Department of Medical Physics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Carlo Chiesa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Foundation, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Leda Lorenzon
- Postgraduate School of Medical Physics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Marta Mira
- Post graduate Health Physics School, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Francesca Botta
- Department of Medical Physics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Domenico Becci
- Postgraduate School of Medical Physics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Leonel Alberto Torres
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Research Division of the Center of Isotopes (DIC-CENTIS), Havana 11100, Cuba
| | - Marco Coca Perez
- Department of PET-CT and Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Center Medscan-Concepciòn, Concepciòn 4070061, Chile
| | - Alex Vergara Gil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Research Division of the Center of Isotopes (DIC-CENTIS), Havana 11100, Cuba
| | - Chiara Basile
- Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome 00152, Italy
| | - Michael Ljungberg
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, University of Lund, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Roberto Pani
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotecnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Marta Cremonesi
- Department of Medical Physics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan 20141, Italy
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Pacilio M, Cassano B, Chiesa C, Giancola S, Ferrari M, Pettinato C, Amato E, Fioroni F, Lorenzon L, Pellegrini R, Di Castro E, Pani R, Cremonesi M. The Italian multicentre dosimetric study for lesion dosimetry in 223 Ra therapy of bone metastases: Calibration protocol of gamma cameras and patient eligibility criteria. Phys Med 2016; 32:1731-1737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Some episodes of mental sleep experience which are reported after multiple awakenings during sleep are not recalled in the morning. Have they decayed or are they temporarily inhibited to retrieval? Responses of 10 men were recorded for four non-consecutive nights; they were awakened each night four times after 9 win. of REM sleep. Upon each awakening they were asked to report their mental sleep experience, and in the morning they were asked to re-report these experiences. Where subjects were unable to provide a spontaneous morning report they were prompted using a probe, the probe being the first contentful proposition of the corresponding night report. Subjects were aware of this design. All the night and morning reports were subjected to linguistic analysis. Spontaneous morning reports were significantly less frequent than night reports, but the use of the probe significantly increased the frequency of morning reports. Both spontaneous and probed morning reports and their corresponding night reports shared similar linguistic structures, but the probed reports and their corresponding night reports were shorter. The percentage of contents common to night and morning reports was similar for both spontaneous and probed morning reports, as was the stability of the serial position of those contents. We suggest that, with respect to settings with only one night awakening, multiple awakenings increase retrieval difficulty for entire episodes of mental sleep experience but not for single contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Cipolli
- Istituto di Psicologia, Facoltà di Medicina, Bologna
| | - I. Fagioli
- Istituto di Psicologia, Facoltà di Medicina, Bologna
| | - S. Maccolini
- Istituto di Psicologia, Facoltà di Medicina, Bologna
| | - R. Pani
- Istituto di Psicologia, Facoltà di Medicina, Bologna
| | - G. Tuozzi
- Istituto di Psicologia, Facoltà di Medicina, Bologna
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Pacilio M, Cassano B, Chiesa C, Ferrari M, Pettinato C, Amato E, Fioroni F, Lorenzon L, Pellegrini R, Di Castro E, Pani R, Cremonesi M. A multicenter dosimetric and observational study for lesion dosimetry in 223Ra therapy of bone metastases: Calibration protocol and eligibility criteria. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.01.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Bettiol M, Preziosi E, Borrazzo C, Cinti M, Gonzalez A, Pani R. Depth-of-interaction discrimination to correct parallax error in high resolution PET. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.01.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Pani R, Bettiol M, Preziosi E, Borrazzo C, Pellegrini R, Gonzalez A, Conde P, Cinti MN, Fabbri A, Di Castro E, Majewski S. A novel method for γ photons depth of interaction discrimination on monolithic LYSO crystals for brain PET/MRI. EJNMMI Phys 2015; 2:A11. [PMID: 26956266 PMCID: PMC4798709 DOI: 10.1186/2197-7364-2-s1-a11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Conde P, Gonzalez A, Bettiol M, Fabbri A, Pani R, Benlloch Baviera JM, Talens Aguilar A, Hernandez L, Sanchez F. 3D photon impact determination in monolithic crystals based on autocorrelation filters and RTP methods. EJNMMI Phys 2015; 2:A5. [PMID: 26956308 PMCID: PMC4798656 DOI: 10.1186/2197-7364-2-s1-a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Scafè R, Auer P, Bennati P, La Porta L, Pisacane F, Cinti M, Pellegrini R, De Vincentis G, Conte G, Pani R. Production of radioactive phantoms using a standard inkjet printer and the public domain multi-printing code GENIA. Phys Med 2011; 27:209-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
In this paper were explored psychological themes underlying vandalistic graffiti by 162 Italian adolescents (154 boys, 8 girls; M age = 17.5 yr., SD = 2.3) who “felt hooked” on vandalistic graffiti and agreed to participate in an interview with a graffiti writer. Use of this interview could clarify the motivations which led these youths to write on walls, the meaning they give to that act, the emotions they feel as they write, and their perception of risks and excitement involved. Qualitative analysis of their responses suggested these adolescents present a marked excitatory–compulsive trait, report a sense of emptiness, boredom, loneliness, and a lack of internal points of reference, and adopt behaviors linked to a pressing need for immediate gratification.
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Pani R, Pellegrini R, Bennati P, Cinti M, Vittorini F, Scafè R, Lo Meo S, Navarria F, Moschini G, Orsolini Cencelli V, De Notaristefani F. Investigation on a small FoV gamma camera based on LaBr3:Ce continuous crystal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2009.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Russo P, Mettivier G, Pani R, Pellegrini R, Cinti MN, Bennati P. Imaging performance comparison between a LaBr3: Ce scintillator based and a CdTe semiconductor based photon counting compact gamma camera. Med Phys 2009; 36:1298-317. [PMID: 19472638 DOI: 10.1118/1.3081412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors report on the performance of two small field of view, compact gamma cameras working in single photon counting in planar imaging tests at 122 and 140 keV. The first camera is based on a LaBr3: Ce scintillator continuous crystal (49 x 49 x 5 mm3) assembled with a flat panel multianode photomultiplier tube with parallel readout. The second one belongs to the class of semiconductor hybrid pixel detectors, specifically, a CdTe pixel detector (14 x 14 x 1 mm3) with 256 x 256 square pixels and a pitch of 55 microm, read out by a CMOS single photon counting integrated circuit of the Medipix2 series. The scintillation camera was operated with selectable energy window while the CdTe camera was operated with a single low-energy detection threshold of about 20 keV, i.e., without energy discrimination. The detectors were coupled to pinhole or parallel-hole high-resolution collimators. The evaluation of their overall performance in basic imaging tasks is presented through measurements of their detection efficiency, intrinsic spatial resolution, noise, image SNR, and contrast recovery. The scintillation and CdTe cameras showed, respectively, detection efficiencies at 122 keV of 83% and 45%, intrinsic spatial resolutions of 0.9 mm and 75 microm, and total background noises of 40.5 and 1.6 cps. Imaging tests with high-resolution parallel-hole and pinhole collimators are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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Vincentis GD, Porfiri LM, Betti M, Filippi L, Remediani S, Santo GD, Zaccagnino P, Felice CD, Pieracci M, Cinti MN, Bennati P, Pellegrini R, Pani R. High resolution scintimammography helps in differentiating benign from malignant findings in scintigraphic hot spots. Phys Med 2006; 21 Suppl 1:87-90. [PMID: 17646003 DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(06)80033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several efforts have been focusing on the development of detectors devoted to high solution (99m)Tc sestamibi scintimammography to improve sensitivity for non palpable lesions. To this aim new high resolution scintillation gamma camera was developed under the "Integiated Mammographic Imaging" project. The gamma camera, made by CAEN and Pol.Hi.Tech, has an overall dimension of 112x120x75mm3. It consists of an array of 1 in. PSPMTs Hamamatsu H8520-C12 closely packed, a NaI(T1) scintillation array (1.8x1.8x6mm(3) pixel) and a general purpose collimator. By this gamma camera a clinical experience on a few patients with breast cancer suspicion was performed. In this paper we show how high resolution approach allows to better categorize the lesions on the basis of the morphology of the spatial distribution of the radiotracer in the breast tissue. By comparing conventional and high resolution images of a young patient (29 y.o.) with breast cancer suspicion, it appears clear how the Anger, camera images showed a defined hot spot, highly suggestive of malignant lesion; on the contrary, the high resolution scan shown a large and inhomogeneous uptake area with the absence of clear and focal character of the uptake, to be considered as a probably non malignant lesions. This resuh was confirmed by byoptical findings that diagnosed the echographic findings as a benign inflammatory lesion.
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Antoccia A, Baldazzi G, Bello M, Bernardini D, Boccaccio P, Bollini D, de Notaristefani F, Garibaldi F, Hull G, Mazzi U, Moschini G, Muciaccio A, Navarria FL, Orsolini Cencelli V, Pancaldi G, Pani R, Perrotta A, Riondato M, Rosato A, Sgura A, Tanzarella C, Uzunov N, Zuffa M. Preliminary study of metabolic radiotherapy with 188Re via small animal imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2005.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bonifazzi C, Cinti MN, Vincentis GD, Finos L, Muzzioli V, Betti M, Nico L, Tartari A, Pani R. Principal component analysis of scintimammographic images. Phys Med 2006; 21 Suppl 1:91-3. [PMID: 17646004 DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(06)80034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of new gamma imagers based on scintillation array with high spatial resolution, has strongly improved the possibility of detecting sub-centimeter cancer in Scintimammography. However, Compton scattering contamination remains the main drawback since it limits the sensitivity of tumor detection. Principal component image analysis (PCA), recently introduced in scintimam nographic imaging, is a data reduction technique able to represent the radiation emitted from chest, breast healthy and damaged tissues as separated images. From these images a Scintimammography can be obtained where the Compton contamination is "removed". In the present paper we compared the PCA reconstructed images with the conventional scintimammographic images resulting from the photopeak (Ph) energy window. Data coming from a clinical trial were used. For both kinds of images the tumor presence was quantified by evaluating the t-student statistics for independent sample as a measure of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Since the absence of Compton scattering, the PCA reconstructed images shows a better noise suppression and allows a more reliable diagnostics in comparison with the images obtained by the photopeak energy window, reducing the trend in producing false positive.
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Pani R, Pellegrini R, Cinti MN, Trotta C, Bennati P, Betti M, De Vincentis G, Cusanno F, Garibaldi F, Ridolfi S, Majewsky S, Tsui BMW. New devices for imaging in nuclear medicine. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2004; 19:121-8. [PMID: 15068620 DOI: 10.1089/108497804773391766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinhole gamma camera imaging offers the ability to obtain high resolution images from single gamma ray emitting radiotracers playing a reasonable tradeoff between very small field of view (FoV) and sensitivity. On the other hand the total spatial resolution of a pinhole imaging device is predominantly affected by the detector intrinsic spatial resolution for reduced magnification factors. To design very compact pinhole SPET scanners with very high intrinsic spatial resolution, authors investigated a miniature gamma camera based on the newly developed Hamamatsu H8500 flat panel photomultiplier. The PSPMT was coupled to the following scintillation arrays: CsI(Tl) array with 0.2-mm, 1-mm, 1.4-mm pixel size and NaI (Tl) with 1-mm pixel size. The imaging performances were evaluated by 57Co spot and flood irradiations. NaI(Tl) array shows a better pixel identification for 1 mm pixel size, proving to be a good candidate to make a large area photodetector based on multi PSPMTs closely packed. Although CsI(Tl) array had the smallest pixel size, the low light output limited the best intrinsic spatial resolution to about 0.5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy.
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Loudos GK, Nikita KS, Giokaris ND, Styliaris E, Archimandritis SC, Varvarigou AD, Papanicolas CN, Majewski S, Weisenberger D, Pani R, Scopinaro F, Uzunoglu NK, Maintas D, Stefanis K. A 3D high-resolution gamma camera for radiopharmaceutical studies with small animals. Appl Radiat Isot 2003; 58:501-8. [PMID: 12672631 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(03)00025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The results of studies conducted with a small field of view tomographic gamma camera based on a Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube are reported. The system has been used for the evaluation of radiopharmaceuticals in small animals. Phantom studies have shown a spatial resolution of 2mm in planar and 2-3mm in tomographic imaging. Imaging studies in mice have been carried out both in 2D and 3D. Conventional radiopharmaceuticals have been used and the results have been compared with images from a clinically used system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Loudos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytexneiou 9, Str. Zografos, Attiki, 15773, Athens, Greece.
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Scopinaro F, Pani R, De Vincentis G, Soluri A, Pellegrini R, Porfiri LM. High-resolution scintimammography improves the accuracy of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintimammography: use of a new dedicated gamma camera. Eur J Nucl Med 1999; 26:1279-88. [PMID: 10541826 DOI: 10.1007/s002590050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The main disadvantage of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) prone scintimammography is its limited sensitivity for T1a and T1b cancers with a size of less than 1 cm. We have developed a high-resolution scintimammographic technique using a gamma camera based on a new concept, namely a position-sensitive photo-multiplier tube. The field of view of this camera, previously known as the SPEM (single photon emission mammography) camera, was 10 cm diameter. Scintimammographic images were acquired in the axial view; each breast was compressed to a thickness of 3-6 cm, modal class 4 cm. When the compressed breast was larger than the field of view, more than one study was performed in order to image the entire gland. Fifty-three patients were studied with high-resolution-scintimammography (HRSM) and Anger camera prone scintimammography (ACPSM). HRSM was performed 70 min after i.v. administration of 740 Mbq of (99m)Tc-MIBI; ACPSM images were acquired 10 and 60 min following the injection. Early 10-min ACPSM images were only evaluated for routine diagnostic purposes, while comparison was carried out between the 60-min ACPSM and 70-min HRSM images. At fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and/or open biopsy, 31 patients showed cancer: 15 T1c, 11 T1b and 5 T1a. In T1a-T1b cancers, the sensitivity of scintimammography was 50% with ACPSM and 81.2% with HRSM (P<0.01). Specificity was 86% with both techniques. HRSM is a promising new technique that improves the sensitivity of (99m)Tc-MIBI scintimammography in tumours sized less than 1 cm without apparently reducing its specificity. We are now working on a larger field-of-view camera.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scopinaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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De Vincentis G, Gianni W, Pani R, Cacciafesta M, Pellegrini R, Soluri A, Troisi G, Marigliano V, Scopinaro F. Role of 99mTc-Sestamibi scintimammography by SPEM camera in the management of breast cancer in the elderly. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998; 48:159-63. [PMID: 9596487 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005938722849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer in the elderly is 10 fold higher than in the population younger than 65 years. Moreover, in this segment of the population there are not defined clear practice guidelines regarding patient management. X-ray mammography, the most widely used diagnostic technique, is often inadequate to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. 99mTc Sestamibi scintimammography plays an important role as complement to mammography; in fact it is a very sensitive and specific method for breast cancer detection, when cancers > 1 cm diameter are considered. However, sensitivity values fall to 50-60% in the case of small tumors (T1a and T1b). In this study we present the results of a new Small Field Of View (SFOV) Gamma Camera with very high spatial resolution that allows the first Single Photon Emission Mammography (SPEM). Eighteen patients aged 71 +/- 6 years with mammographically detected breast lesions were submitted to a Prone Scinti Mammography (PSM) by conventional Gamma Camera and to a SPEM on craniocaudal view. A final diagnosis was reached by histopathology. SPEM correctly diagnosed 15 of 16 cancers, while PSM was not able to recognize 5 malignant lesions with subcentimeter size. Both the techniques provided normal findings in the case of benign lesions. The 99mTc Sestamibi scintimammography, particularly when performed by SPEM camera, is a sensitive, specific, and non invasive method to define the nature of radiologically described breast masses and would be very useful as a complement to X-ray mammography in screening programs for breast cancer.
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Malatesta T, Vittori F, de Notaristefani F, Pani R. Energy response and resolution of YAP: Ce matrix for imaging applications in nuclear medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5632(97)00634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pani R, Scopinaro F, Pellegrini R, Soluri A, Pergola A, De Vincentis G, Ierardi M, Weinberg IN. Single tube gamma camera for scintimammography. Anticancer Res 1997; 17:1651-4. [PMID: 9179212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of large area Position Sensitive Photo Multiplier Tubes (PSPMT) by Hamamatsu is opening new imaging possibilities in Nuclear Medicine. In particular the realization of the 8" PSPMT prototype represents the first important technological advantage since the discovery of the Anger Camera. PSPMT virtually integrates in one hundreds PMT allowing the creation of dedicated detectors. A Single Tube Gamma Camera based on a 5" PSPMT dedicated to scintimammography is presented and discussed in this work. To optimize gamma camera response two different scintillating arrays were tested: YAP:Ce and CsI (Tl). Their overall size cover all photocathode active area, and crystal pixel size was 2 mm x 2 mm. The detection efficiency was comparable to that of Anger Camera. The best result was obtained by CsI (Tl) scintillating: an intrinsic spatial resolution of 1.6 mm FWHM and a relative energy resolution of 17% FWHM. New image possibilities in scintimammography are offered by Single Tube Gamma Camera operating in the same radiological projection of RX mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy
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Pani R, Scopinaro F, Pellegrini R, Soluri A, Weinberg IN, De Vincentis G. The role of Compton background and breast compression on cancer detection in scintimammography. Anticancer Res 1997; 17:1645-9. [PMID: 9179211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
99mTc MIBI scintimammography is a promising diagnostic technique for cancer detection. Using a dedicated Small Field Of View Gamma Camera (SFOVGC) with the high spatial resolution recently developed, it is possible to improve the sensitivity and to achieve images in projections similar to mammography with the breast under moderate compression. This new technique is called Single Photon Emission Mammography (SPEM). Several factors affect the imaging of small cancers; breast thickness, tumor-collimator distance and body activity. A phantom study was performed to assess the role of breast compression in scintimammography. In this work we analyze the intensity and the energy distribution of Compton scattering affecting the breast scintigraphy, by a Germanium detector and by SFOVCG. Five patients with 7 to 18 mm sized cancer were studied. The intensity of Compton scattering resulted from 4 to 10 times greater than true events. The fundamental role played by breast compression to improve the scintimammographic sensitivity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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De Vincentis G, Scopinaro F, Pani R, Pellegrini R, Soluri A, Ierardi M, Ballesio L, Weinberg IN, Pergola A. 99mTc MIBI scintimammography with a high resolution single tube gamma camera: preliminary study. Anticancer Res 1997; 17:1627-30. [PMID: 9179207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
99mTc MIBI scintimammography is a sensitive and specific diagnostic technique for breast cancer detection when cancers more than 1 cm sized are considered. However the sensitivity falls in the case of submillimetric lesions. We developed a new Small Field of View, High Resolution Detector, able to image the breast in similar conditions of x-ray mammography: it allows the performance of Single Photon Emission Mammography (SPEM) studies. Seven patients with suspicion of malignant lesions were comparatively submitted to a Prone Scintimammography (PSM) by Anger camera and to a cranio-caudal view SPEM. The final diagnosis was reached by histopathology. Four malignant lesions were identified by SPEM but not by PSM, which that failed to image two submillimetric cancers. Both the cameras gave normal findings for benign lesions, confirming the high sensitivity of this technique. The results allow us to consider the SPEM camera as promising to improve scintimammographic sensitivity, even when small-sized tumors are examined.
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Abstract
Uptake of 99mTcm-sestamibi by biological structures depends on delivery and concentration by electrochemical gradients through the biological membranes and can be simply studied using a green plant model in which photosynthesis tightly modulates water and solute regional flow. Photosynthesis creates electrochemical gradients inside chloroplasts and mitochondria. Moreover, it is the driving force for the movement of water and solutes through induction of pore opening which causes capture of CO2 and loss of water vapour. Thus osmotic pressure increases thereby drawing water from the roots. Hypoestes sanguinolenta was used as an experimental model. This plant displays green zones (with several chloroplasts) and red zones (where they are absent). To detect the uptake differences between these zones we used a new, high-resolution gamma camera. Our results show that (a) 99mTcm-sestamibi is actively transported with water and ions by xylem to leaves where it may diffuse at cellular levels; (b) activation of photosynthesis by light strongly influences the total uptake and the selective compartmentation in green zones; and (c) the green plant's particular physiology tremendously enhances the differences between 99Tcm-sestamibi and 201Tl uptake. We suggest that viable cells, able to create and maintain electrochemical gradients, selectively take up 99Tcm-sestamibi.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scopinaro
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, University La Sapienza Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Several x-ray spectra, including those of the ISO reference radiations, were measured by 2-hp Ge detectors. Measurements were carried out in different experimental conditions with regard to detector size, beam collimation, and SDD. A stripping procedure to improve the spectrum analysis was developed on the basis of a detailed evaluation (by means of a Monte Carlo method) of the detector's spurious effects. These effects include K-photon escape, Compton photon escape, electron escape, and collimation effect. The stripping procedure also allows us to determine directly the spectra of possible scattered radiation reaching the detector in addition to the primary beam. When the primary beam is heavily filtered, the leakage radiation from the x-ray tube housing scattered onto the detector may not be negligible even when the x-ray tube is provided with appreciable shielding. Possible practical consequence of these effects are discussed. The results obtained on the ISO x-ray spectra are in agreement with previous determinations. The advantage of the present procedure is its more immediate applicability to Ge detectors of any size and with different beam collimation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Laitano
- ENEA, CRE Casaccia, Dipartimento AMB-BIO, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
A silicon surface barrier detector is used to analyse diagnostic x-ray spectra. This detector, usually employed to detect charged particles, has a very low efficiency for x-ray. This characteristic is advantageous in overcoming experimental problems caused by the high fluence rates typical of diagnostic x-ray beams. The pulse height distribution obtained with silicon surface barrier detectors is very different from the true photon spectra because of the presence of escaped Compton photons and the fact that detection efficiency falls abruptly when photon energy increases. A detailed analysis of the spurious effects involved in detection is made by applying a Monte Carlo method. A stripping procedure is described for implementation on a personal computer. The validity of this method is finally tested by comparison with the experimental results obtained with a Ge detector. The spectra obtained with the Si detector are in fairly good agreement with the analogous spectra measured with a Ge detector. The advantages of using Si as opposed to Ge detectors in x-ray spectrometry can be summarised as: its simplicity of use, its greater economy for use in routine diagnostic x-ray spectroscopy and the possibility that the stripping procedure can be implemented on a personal computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pani
- Dipartimento di Medicinia, Sperimentale-Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
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Hertz J, Pani R. Investigation of the completeness of digestion procedures prior to voltammetric trace metal analysis of olive leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00475970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
This paper describes research into measurement and reduction of the radiation dose to the lens during various examinations, namely skull and orbit, optic canal and optic strut, superior and inferior orbital fissure, localisation of foreign bodies in the eye, calcifications, orbital fractures, macrodacryography and orbital venography. Using rare-earth screens and high-sensitivity films, without an antiscattering grid, and with an added filtration of 0.5 mm Cu, it is possible to reduce the radiological risk during all investigations involving skull, orbit and eyeballs, while maintaining a good image quality. Particularly in those examinations with direct magnification (macrodacryography and venography, foreign bodies in the eye, orbital fractures), the dose to the lens is very low: less than 0.2 mGy/radiograph.
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Di Castro E, Pani R, Pellegrini R, Bacci C. The use of cadmium telluride detectors for the qualitative analysis of diagnostic x-ray spectra. Phys Med Biol 1984; 29:1117-31. [PMID: 6483976 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/29/9/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A method is introduced for the evaluation of x-ray spectra from x-ray machines operating in the range 50-100 kVp using a cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector with low detection efficiency. The pulse height distribution obtained with this kind of detector does not represent the true photon spectra owing to the presence of K-escape, Compton scattering, etc.; these effects were evaluated using a Monte Carlo method. A stripping procedure is described for implementation on a Univac 1100/82 computer. The validity of our method was finally tested by comparison with experimental results obtained with a Ge detector and with data from the literature; the results are in good agreement with published data.
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