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Liu L, Oura S, Markham Z, Hamilton JN, Skory RM, Li L, Sakurai M, Wang L, Pinzon-Arteaga CA, Plachta N, Hon GC, Wu J. Modeling post-implantation stages of human development into early organogenesis with stem-cell-derived peri-gastruloids. Cell 2023; 186:3776-3792.e16. [PMID: 37478861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In vitro stem cell models that replicate human gastrulation have been generated, but they lack the essential extraembryonic cells needed for embryonic development, morphogenesis, and patterning. Here, we describe a robust and efficient method that prompts human extended pluripotent stem cells to self-organize into embryo-like structures, termed peri-gastruloids, which encompass both embryonic (epiblast) and extraembryonic (hypoblast) tissues. Although peri-gastruloids are not viable due to the exclusion of trophoblasts, they recapitulate critical stages of human peri-gastrulation development, such as forming amniotic and yolk sac cavities, developing bilaminar and trilaminar embryonic discs, specifying primordial germ cells, initiating gastrulation, and undergoing early neurulation and organogenesis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing unveiled transcriptomic similarities between advanced human peri-gastruloids and primary peri-gastrulation cell types found in humans and non-human primates. This peri-gastruloid platform allows for further exploration beyond gastrulation and may potentially aid in the development of human fetal tissues for use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Seiya Oura
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zachary Markham
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James N Hamilton
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robin M Skory
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leijie Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Masahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carlos A Pinzon-Arteaga
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Plachta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary C Hon
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Domingo-Muelas A, Skory RM, Moverley AA, Ardestani G, Pomp O, Rubio C, Tetlak P, Hernandez B, Rhon-Calderon EA, Navarro-Sánchez L, García-Pascual CM, Bissiere S, Bartolomei MS, Sakkas D, Simón C, Plachta N. Human embryo live imaging reveals nuclear DNA shedding during blastocyst expansion and biopsy. Cell 2023; 186:3166-3181.e18. [PMID: 37413989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper preimplantation development is essential to assemble a blastocyst capable of implantation. Live imaging has uncovered major events driving early development in mouse embryos; yet, studies in humans have been limited by restrictions on genetic manipulation and lack of imaging approaches. We have overcome this barrier by combining fluorescent dyes with live imaging to reveal the dynamics of chromosome segregation, compaction, polarization, blastocyst formation, and hatching in the human embryo. We also show that blastocyst expansion mechanically constrains trophectoderm cells, causing nuclear budding and DNA shedding into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, cells with lower perinuclear keratin levels are more prone to undergo DNA loss. Moreover, applying trophectoderm biopsy, a mechanical procedure performed clinically for genetic testing, increases DNA shedding. Thus, our work reveals distinct processes underlying human development compared with mouse and suggests that aneuploidies in human embryos may not only originate from chromosome segregation errors during mitosis but also from nuclear DNA shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Domingo-Muelas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Igenomix Foundation and Carlos Simon Foundation, Spain
| | - Robin M Skory
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam A Moverley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Oz Pomp
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Piotr Tetlak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Blake Hernandez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric A Rhon-Calderon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Stephanie Bissiere
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Carlos Simón
- Igenomix Foundation and Carlos Simon Foundation, Spain; Department of Pediatrics Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain; INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia 46010, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Nicolas Plachta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Skory RM, Moverley AA, Ardestani G, Alvarez Y, Domingo-Muelas A, Pomp O, Hernandez B, Tetlak P, Bissiere S, Stern CD, Sakkas D, Plachta N. The nuclear lamina couples mechanical forces to cell fate in the preimplantation embryo via actin organization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3101. [PMID: 37248263 PMCID: PMC10226985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During preimplantation development, contractile forces generated at the apical cortex segregate cells into inner and outer positions of the embryo, establishing the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm. To which extent these forces influence ICM-trophectoderm fate remains unresolved. Here, we found that the nuclear lamina is coupled to the cortex via an F-actin meshwork in mouse and human embryos. Actomyosin contractility increases during development, upregulating Lamin-A levels, but upon internalization cells lose their apical cortex and downregulate Lamin-A. Low Lamin-A shifts the localization of actin nucleators from nucleus to cytoplasm increasing cytoplasmic F-actin abundance. This results in stabilization of Amot, Yap phosphorylation and acquisition of ICM over trophectoderm fate. By contrast, in outer cells, Lamin-A levels increase with contractility. This prevents Yap phosphorylation enabling Cdx2 to specify the trophectoderm. Thus, forces transmitted to the nuclear lamina control actin organization to differentially regulate the factors specifying lineage identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Skory
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam A Moverley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | | | - Yanina Alvarez
- Universidad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Domingo-Muelas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oz Pomp
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Blake Hernandez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Piotr Tetlak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie Bissiere
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicolas Plachta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Pomp O, Lim HYG, Skory RM, Moverley AA, Tetlak P, Bissiere S, Plachta N. A monoastral mitotic spindle determines lineage fate and position in the mouse embryo. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:155-167. [PMID: 35102267 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During mammalian development, the first asymmetric cell divisions segregate cells into inner and outer positions of the embryo to establish the pluripotent and trophectoderm lineages. Typically, polarity components differentially regulate the mitotic spindle via astral microtubule arrays to trigger asymmetric division patterns. However, early mouse embryos lack centrosomes, the microtubule-organizing centres (MTOCs) that usually generate microtubule asters. Thus, it remains unknown whether spindle organization regulates lineage segregation. Here we find that heterogeneities in cell polarity in the early 8-cell-stage mouse embryo trigger the assembly of a highly asymmetric spindle organization. This spindle arises in an unusual modular manner, forming a single microtubule aster from an apically localized, non-centrosomal MTOC, before joining it to the rest of the spindle apparatus. When fully assembled, this 'monoastral' spindle triggers spatially asymmetric division patterns to segregate cells into inner and outer positions. Moreover, the asymmetric inheritance of spindle components causes differential cell polarization to determine pluripotent versus trophectoderm lineage fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oz Pomp
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hui Yi Grace Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robin M Skory
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam A Moverley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Piotr Tetlak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie Bissiere
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Plachta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Skory RM, Xu Y, Shea LD, Woodruff TK. Engineering the ovarian cycle using in vitro follicle culture. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:1386-95. [PMID: 25784584 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can cultured follicles model the ovarian cycle, including follicular- and luteal-phase hormone synthesis patterns and ovulation? SUMMARY ANSWER Under gonadotrophin stimulation, murine follicles grown in an encapsulated three-dimensional system ovulate in vitro and murine and human follicle hormone synthesis mimics follicular and luteal phases expected in vivo. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Studies of the human ovary and follicle function are limited by the availability of human tissue and lack of in vitro models. We developed an encapsulated in vitro follicle growth (eIVFG) culture system, which preserves 3D follicular structure. Thus far, the alginate system has supported the culture of follicles from mice, dog, rhesus macaque, baboon and human. These studies have shown that cultured follicles synthesize steroid hormones similar to those observed during the follicular phase in vivo. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cultured murine follicles were treated with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) and either assayed for luteinization or removed from alginate beads and assayed for ovulation. Human follicles were also cultured, treated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), hCG and EGF to mimic gonadotrophin changes throughout the ovarian cycle, and culture medium was assayed for hormone production. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Murine and human follicles were cultured in alginate hydrogel and hormone production [17β-estradiol, progesterone, inhibin A, inhibin B, activin A and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)] was quantified in medium by enzyme-linked immuno assay (ELISA). Human ovarian tissue was acquired from females between 6 and 34 years of age with a cancer diagnosis. These participants were undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation at National Physicians Cooperative sites as part of the Oncofertility Consortium. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE When grown in this system, 96% of mouse follicles ovulated in response to hCG and released meiotically competent eggs. Ovulated follicles recapitulated transcriptional, morphologic and hormone synthesis patterns post-luteinizing hormone (LH/hCG). In addition to rodent follicles, individual human follicles secreted steroid and peptide hormones that mimicked the patterns of serum hormones observed during the menstrual cycle. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This was a descriptive study of an in vitro model of ovulation and the ovarian hormone cycle. The ovulation studies were limited to murine tissue and further studies are needed to optimize conditions using other species. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The eIVFG system reliably phenocopies the in vivo ovarian cycle and provides a new tool to study human follicle biology and the influence of cycling female hormones on other tissue systems in vitro. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by NIH U54 HD041857, NIH U54 HD076188, NIH UH2 E5022920, NIH UH3 TR001207 and F30 AG040916 (R.M.S.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Skory
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Center for Reproductive Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yuanming Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Center for Reproductive Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Teresa K Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Center for Reproductive Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Skory RM, Bernabé BP, Galdones E, Broadbelt LJ, Shea LD, Woodruff TK. Microarray analysis identifies COMP as the most differentially regulated transcript throughout in vitro follicle growth. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 80:132-44. [PMID: 23242557 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro follicle growth has emerged as a technology that can provide new information about folliculogenesis and serve as part of a suite of methods currently under development to assist women whose fertility is threatened by cancer treatments. Though it has been shown that in vitro-grown follicles secrete peptide and steroid hormones, much of the follicular transcriptome remains unknown. Thus, microarray analysis was performed to characterize the transcriptome and secretome of in vitro-grown follicles. One prominently regulated gene product was cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (Comp): its mRNA was upregulated during the final 4 days of culture (P < 0.05) and COMP protein could be detected in medium from individual follicles. COMP expression localized to mural granulosa cells of large antral follicles both in vitro and in vivo, with maximal expression immediately preceding ovulation in cycling and chorionic gonadotropin-primed female mice. COMP was co-expressed with two known markers of follicle maturation, inhibin β(A) and gremlin, and was expressed only in TUNEL-negative follicles. In addition to other gene products identified in the microarray, COMP has potential utility as a marker of follicle maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Skory
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Galdones E, Penalver Bernabe B, Skory RM, Mackovic D, Broadbelt LJ, Shea LD, Woodruff T. Ovarian Expression of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein as a Potential Biomarker of Antral Follicle Development in the Mouse. Biol Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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