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Sneed RS, Stubblefield A, Gardner G, Jordan T, Mezuk B. Chronic Disease, Functional Limitations, and Workforce Participation Among Medicaid Enrollees Over 50: The Potential Impact of Medicaid Work Requirements Post-COVID-19. J Aging Soc Policy 2024; 36:380-398. [PMID: 37463162 PMCID: PMC10794544 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2023.2226291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
From 2018-2020, 19 states enacted Medicaid work requirements as a strategy for reducing program enrollment and overall cost. While these requirements were later rescinded, strategies to reduce Medicaid costs are likely to reemerge as states attempt to recover economically from the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we evaluated the impact of Medicaid work requirements on adults aged > 50, a group that likely faces significant age-related chronic disease burden. Using 2016 Health and Retirement Study data, we evaluated the chronic disease burden of adult Medicaid beneficiaries aged 51-64 years (n = 1460) who would be at risk of losing their Medicaid coverage due to work requirements. We compared Medicaid beneficiaries working <20 hours per week (i.e. those at risk of coverage loss) to those working at least 20 hours per week on eight chronic health conditions, adjusting for demographic characteristics. Among those with chronic health conditions, we also evaluated differences in disease severity based on hours worked per week. Among those working fewer than 20 hours per week, odds of disease were greater for seven of eight chronic conditions, including history of stroke (OR: 5.66; 95% CI: 2.22-14.43) and lung disease (OR: 3.79; 95% CI: 2.10-6.85). Further, those with greater disease severity were likely to work fewer hours. Thus, the introduction of Medicaid work requirements would likely result in coverage loss and lower access to care among older Medicaid beneficiaries with multiple chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodlescia S Sneed
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Graham Gardner
- Department of Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tamara Jordan
- Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Briana Mezuk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Qin W, Kalesnikava V, Dang L, Sneed RS, Messina R, Rucci P, Mezuk B. Coordinated Care Experiences Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions: Characteristics, Correlates, and Consequences for Health and Healthcare Utilization. Gerontologist 2024:gnae024. [PMID: 38416875 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While coordinated care (CC) seeks to improve patient experiences and ultimately health outcomes, evidence from empirical research on the impacts of CC is mixed. This study examined the relationship between CC and healthcare outcomes over a four-year period among older adults with multiple chronic conditions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This observational cohort study is based on data come from the 2016-2020 Health and Retirement Study. Analysis is limited to respondents with 2+ chronic conditions who completed an experimental module on CC in 2016 (n = 906). Three domains of CC were assessed: perceptions, informal (family/friends) and formal (healthcare staff) tangible support, and technical support (using a "patient portal"). The longitudinal relationship between CC and health (e.g., pain, functioning, self-rated health) and healthcare (e.g., doctor visits, hospitalization, care satisfaction) outcomes was investigated using mixed-effects models. RESULTS Better perceptions of CC were associated with lower odds of functional difficulties (Odds ratio (OR)=0.92; 95% CI=0.88-0.99) and greater satisfaction with care (B=0.04, 95% CI=0.02-0.05). Receipt of more informal tangible support was associated with 2.97 higher odds of ADL limitations (95% CI: 1.69-5.22) and 1.77 higher odds of hospitalization (95% CI=1.32-2.38). Use of technical support was associated with better self-rated health and greater satisfaction with care. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The longitudinal relationship between CC and health is multi-faceted. While positive perceptions and more technical support have beneficial effects on health outcomes, higher utilization of tangible support may reflect a higher demand among older adults with more complex healthcare needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidi Qin
- Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Viktoryia Kalesnikava
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Linh Dang
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rodlescia S Sneed
- Institute of Gerontology & Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Rossella Messina
- Unit of Public Health, Biostatistics and Health Services Research, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Paola Rucci
- Unit of Public Health, Biostatistics and Health Services Research, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Briana Mezuk
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Sneed RS, El-Alamin L, Thrower M, Nadrowski J, Habermehl K. Harnessing education and lifestyle change to support transitional health for returning citizens: a feasibility study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:141. [PMID: 37559101 PMCID: PMC10410923 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise and healthy eating are known to reduce chronic disease risk; however, formerly incarcerated individuals (i.e., returning citizens) face significant social barriers when attempting to engage with existing community-based physical activity and nutrition programs. Given the high disease burden and unique educational needs of returning citizens, this proposed work fills an important gap in the support services currently offered to this population. METHODS This article describes a process for evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of a physical activity and nutrition intervention tailored to the needs of returning citizens via a partnership between an academic research organization and a community-based reentry program for returning citizens. Staff from the community-based reentry program will train four returning citizens as group fitness instructors and work with a nutritionist to design a 16-week nutrition education curriculum. Reentry program staff will enroll up to 15 formerly incarcerated adults (aged 18 +) in the exercise and nutrition program. Participants will take part in weekly nutrition classes led by the nutritionist and weekly group exercise classes led by a peer instructor. Research staff will evaluate program success in four domains: reach, preliminary effectiveness, implementation, and maintenance. RESULTS This feasibility study will allow us to design and test a program that can eventually be evaluated in a large, randomized trial. It also addresses the multitude of social determinants that impact the health of returning citizens and builds a framework for program sustainability. Individuals recruited as fitness trainers will acquire skills and certifications that may be used to sustain physical fitness activities within the reentry program. CONCLUSIONS This feasibility study will test our ability to address social determinants that impact the health of returning citizens through a peer-led physical activity and nutrition programming. In the long term, study results may inform development and implementation of reentry programming and policy on a wider scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodlescia S Sneed
- Charles Stewart Mott Department of Public Health, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, MI, 48502, Flint, USA.
| | - Leon El-Alamin
- MADE Institute, 503 East Garland St, Flint, MI, 48502, USA
| | - Marsha Thrower
- MADE Institute, 503 East Garland St, Flint, MI, 48502, USA
| | - Jessica Nadrowski
- Charles Stewart Mott Department of Public Health, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, MI, 48502, Flint, USA
- MADE Institute, 503 East Garland St, Flint, MI, 48502, USA
| | - Kayla Habermehl
- Charles Stewart Mott Department of Public Health, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, MI, 48502, Flint, USA
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Jones EJ, Ayling K, Wiley CR, Geraghty AW, Greer AL, Holt-Lunstad J, Prather AA, Schreier HM, Silver RC, Sneed RS, Marsland AL, Pressman SD, Vedhara K. Psychology Meets Biology in COVID-19: What We Know and Why It Matters for Public Health. Policy Insights Behav Brain Sci 2023; 10:33-40. [PMID: 36942265 PMCID: PMC10018248 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221145308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial factors are related to immune, viral, and vaccination outcomes. Yet, this knowledge has been poorly represented in public health initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review provides an overview of biopsychosocial links relevant to COVID-19 outcomes by describing seminal evidence about these associations known prepandemic as well as contemporary research conducted during the pandemic. This focuses on the negative impact of the pandemic on psychosocial health and how this in turn has likely consequences for critically relevant viral and vaccination outcomes. We end by looking forward, highlighting the potential of psychosocial interventions that could be leveraged to support all people in navigating a postpandemic world and how a biopsychosocial approach to health could be incorporated into public health responses to future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kieran Ayling
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cameron R. Wiley
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Adam W.A. Geraghty
- Primary Care Research Centre, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Amy L. Greer
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aric A. Prather
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hannah M.C. Schreier
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roxane Cohen Silver
- Department of Psychological Science, Department of Medicine, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Rodlescia S. Sneed
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Anna L. Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah D. Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kavita Vedhara
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Key K, Calvin K, Jordan T, Sneed RS, Bailey S, Jefferson B, Brewer A, Vincent-Doe A, Scott JB, Saunders P, Johnson-Lawrence V. Examining Community Engagement Research Strategies Used in Flint, Michigan: The Church Challenge. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2023; 17:265-276. [PMID: 37462555 PMCID: PMC10354372 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2023.a900207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ways in which researchers may need to adapt traditional community-based participatory research engagement strategies during ongoing community trauma are understudied. We describe our efforts to engage the Flint, Michigan community in community-based participatory research in the aftermath of the Flint Water Crisis. OBJECTIVES This manuscript describes 1) recruitment strategies selected before the Flint Water Crisis, 2) engagement lessons learned in the context of the Flint Water Crisis, and 3) barriers and facilitators encountered while engaging African American churches. METHODS Researchers collaborated with community partners to engage and recruit a traumatized Flint community into the Church Challenge, a multilevel intervention to reduce chronic disease burden. LESSONS LEARNED Recruitment and engagement strategies must be flexible, innovative, and may require nontraditional methods. CONCLUSIONS Flexibility and adaptability are crucial for engaging with a traumatized community. Community-based participatory research work in traumatized communities must acknowledge and respond to community trauma to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Key
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
| | - Kahlil Calvin
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
| | - Tamara Jordan
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
| | | | - Sarah Bailey
- Community Based Organization Partners, Flint, MI
- Bridges to the Future, Flint, MI
| | - Bernadel Jefferson
- Community Based Organization Partners, Flint, MI
- Faith Deliverance Center, Flint, MI
| | - Allysoon Brewer
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
| | | | - Jamil B. Scott
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
- National Institutes of Health – National Human Genome Research Institute Office of the Director
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Sneed RS, Hailemariam M, Key KD, Jordan T, Miller R, Richie F, Robinson D, Saddler S, Spencer B, Summers M, McCoy White J, Johnson JE. Developing and maintaining intergenerational relationships in an economically vulnerable community: findings from the Flint women's study. J Women Aging 2022; 34:706-718. [PMID: 34905462 PMCID: PMC9208572 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2021.2015229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Few studies describe how community disadvantage impacts intergenerational relationships. Using interviews with women and service providers (n = 100), we explored benefits and challenges of intergenerational relationships in Flint, Michigan, an economically vulnerable community. Women valued relationships that increased social connections and generativity; however, few community resources promoted such relationships. Intergenerational relationships were important for leaving a social legacy in lieu of a meaningful economic legacy. Some middle-aged women are overwhelmed by caregiving, balancing employment while caring for multiple generations. Women desired intergenerational activities that include children and younger adult women. Further, caregiving programs should attend to the needs of middle-aged caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodlescia S Sneed
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Maji Hailemariam
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Kent D Key
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
- Community Based Organization Partners, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Tamara Jordan
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Raven Miller
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Fallon Richie
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Health Psychology, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Sharon Saddler
- Community Based Organization Partners, Flint, Michigan, USA
- Community Resident, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Bryan Spencer
- Community Resident, Flint, Michigan, USA
- My Exceptionality LLC, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Monicia Summers
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonne McCoy White
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer E Johnson
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
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7
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Chan ACY, Sneed RS. Factors Associated with Healthcare Delays Among Adults Over 50 During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 78:630-636. [PMID: 36006299 PMCID: PMC9452159 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adults over 50 have high healthcare needs, but also face high coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related vulnerability. This may result in reluctance to enter public spaces, including healthcare settings. Here, we examined factors associated with healthcare delays among adults over 50 early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using data from the 2020 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (N=7615), we evaluated how race/ethnicity, age, geographic region, and pandemic-related factors were associated with healthcare delays. Results In our sample, 3 in 10 participants who were interviewed from March 2020 to June 2021 reported delays in medical or dental care in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-Hispanic Whites (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.19-1.58) and those of other racial/ethnic backgrounds (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.02-1.67) delayed care more than Non-Hispanic Blacks. Other factors associated with delayed care included younger age, living in the Midwest or West, knowing someone diagnosed with or who died from COVID-19, and having high COVID-19-related concerns. There were no differences in care delays among adults aged >70; however, among those ≤70, those who knew someone diagnosed with COVID-19 were more likely to delay care than those who did not. Additionally, among those ≤70, Non-Hispanic Whites and those of other racial/ethnic backgrounds delayed care more than Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics. Conclusions There is considerable heterogeneity in care delays among older adults based on age, race/ethnicity, and pandemic-related factors. As the pandemic continues, future studies should examine whether these patterns persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena C Y Chan
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, 290 McNeal Hall, 1985 Buford Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Rodlescia S Sneed
- Institute of Gerontology & Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 87 East Ferry Street, Knapp Building #231, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
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8
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Sneed RS, Krendl AC. What factors are associated with psychological vulnerability & resiliency among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:e1-e4. [PMID: 35137063 PMCID: PMC9122744 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rodlescia S Sneed
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University
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9
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Sneed RS, Mason M, Williams JN, Sinnette C, Taber K, Mancera-Cuevas K, Curry G, Canessa P, Ramsey-Goldman R, Feldman CH. Using Critical Race Theory to Understand Trial Participation Among Black Individuals with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Qualitative Study of Patients and Caregivers. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 73:1387-1395. [PMID: 33973413 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Black patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) experience greater disease incidence and severity than White patients yet are underrepresented in SLE clinical trials. We applied Critical Race Theory to qualitatively explore the influence of racism on the underrepresentation of Black patients in SLE clinical trials and to develop a framework for future intervention. METHODS We conducted groups in Chicago and Boston with Black adults (age ≥18 years) with SLE and their caregivers. We queried participants' knowledge about clinical trials, factors that might motivate or hinder trial participation, and how race and experiences of racism might impact clinical trial participation. Focus group responses were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. RESULTS We held four focus groups (N=31); 20 participants had SLE, 11 were caregivers. All participants were Black, 90% were female and the mean age was 54 years. Qualitative analyses revealed several themes that negatively impact trial participation including mistrust related to racism, concerns about assignment to placebo groups, strict study exclusion criteria, and SLE-related concerns. Factors that motivated trial participation included recommendations from physicians and reputable institutions, a desire to help the greater good, and culturally-sensitive marketing of trials. CONCLUSION Actions to improve clinical trial participation among Black individuals should focus on reframing how trial information is presented and disseminated and on reevaluating barriers that may restrict trial participation. Additionally, researchers must acknowledge and respond to the presence of racial bias in healthcare. Community-Academic Partnerships may help build trust and reduce fears of mistreatment among Black individuals with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodlescia S Sneed
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Maryann Mason
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - Jessica N Williams
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Corine Sinnette
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Kreager Taber
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Karen Mancera-Cuevas
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield.,Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - Gina Curry
- Biological Sciences Division, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago (UCCCC), Office of Community Engagement & Cancer Health Equity
| | | | | | - Candace H Feldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Sneed RS, Dotson K, Brewer A, Pugh P, Johnson-Lawrence V. Behavioral Health Concerns During the Flint Water Crisis, 2016-2018. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:793-803. [PMID: 31938924 PMCID: PMC8557358 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In April 2014, a switch in the municipal water source for Flint, Michigan resulted in contamination of the water supply with lead, a toxic health hazard. Since the onset of this Flint Water Crisis, there has been considerable interest in behavioral health outcomes for Flint residents. In 2016, local, state, and federal partners began to collect household-level, emergency-related behavioral and physical health information in Flint. Follow-up data were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate changes in behavioral health outcomes and the effectiveness of behavioral health programming. From 2016 to 2018, Flint residents demonstrated improvements across several behavioral health outcomes; however, residents continued to experience crisis-related stress, including fear that the crisis would never be fixed. Future behavioral health efforts in the city should focus on continuing to provide behavioral health services to residents and restoring trust within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodlescia S Sneed
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine-Flint, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, USA.
| | | | - Allysoon Brewer
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine-Flint, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, USA
| | | | - Vicki Johnson-Lawrence
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine-Flint, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, USA
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Sneed RS, Key K, Bailey S, Johnson-Lawrence V. Social and psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in African-American communities: Lessons from Michigan. Psychol Trauma 2020; 12:446-448. [PMID: 32525371 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are particularly relevant in African-American communities because African-Americans have been disproportionately impacted by the disease, yet they are traditionally less engaged in mental health treatment compared with other racial groups. Using the state of Michigan as an example, we describe the social and psychological consequences of the pandemic on African-American communities in the United States, highlighting community members' concerns about contracting the disease, fears of racial bias in testing and treatment, experiences of sustained grief and loss, and retraumatization of already-traumatized communities. Furthermore, we describe the multilevel, community-wide approaches that have been used thus far to mitigate adverse mental health outcomes within our local African-American communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodlescia S Sneed
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine-Flint, Michigan State University
| | - Kent Key
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine-Flint, Michigan State University
| | | | - Vicki Johnson-Lawrence
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine-Flint, Michigan State University
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between noncustodial grandparent caregiving and cognition using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-based study of older adults. Method: Participants were White and African American grandparents aged ≥65 years. Only noncustodial grandparents who reported not living with their grandchildren over the three waves were included in our analyses. Grandparent caregiving status and cognition were assessed in 2006, 2008, and 2010. Analyses controlled for demographics, baseline health, depressive symptoms, and baseline cognition. Results: Both the number of waves of grandparent caregiving and the total number of grandparent caregiving hours across the three waves were associated with better cognitive functioning at 4-year follow-up in 2010. Associations were observed among Whites, but not among African Americans. Discussion: This study uses longitudinal data to evaluate the association between grandparent caregiving and cognitive functioning. Findings suggest that providing care may be beneficial for some grandparents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodlescia S Sneed
- University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Michigan State University, Flint, USA
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13
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if negative social interactions are prospectively associated with hypertension among older adults. METHOD This is a secondary analysis of data from the 2006 and 2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, a survey of community-dwelling older adults (age > 50 years). Total average negative social interactions were assessed at baseline by averaging the frequency of negative interactions across 4 domains (partner, children, other family, friends). Blood pressure was measured at both waves. Individuals were considered to have hypertension if they reported use of antihypertensive medications, had measured average resting systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher, or measured average resting diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher. Analyses excluded those who were hypertensive at baseline and controlled for demographics, personality, positive social interactions, and baseline health. RESULTS Twenty-nine percent of participants developed hypertension over the 4-year follow-up. Each 1-unit increase in the total average negative social interaction score was associated with a 38% increased odds of developing hypertension. Sex moderated the association between total average negative social interactions and hypertension, with effects observed among women but not men. The association of total average negative interactions and hypertension in women was attributable primarily to interactions with friends, but also to negative interactions with family and partners. Age also moderated the association between total average negative social interactions and hypertension, with effects observed among those ages 51-64 years, but not those ages 65 or older. CONCLUSION In this sample of older adults, negative social interactions were associated with increased hypertension risk in women and the youngest older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
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14
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Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to determine whether volunteerism is prospectively associated with hypertension risk among older adults. Participants provided data during the 2006 and 2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, a longitudinal panel survey using a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults (age > 50 years). Volunteerism and blood pressure were measured at baseline and again 4 years later. Analyses excluded individuals hypertensive at baseline and controlled for age, race, sex, education, baseline systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and major chronic illnesses. Those who had volunteered at least 200 hr in the 12 months prior to baseline were less likely to develop hypertension (OR = 0.60; 95% CI [0.40, 0.90]) than nonvolunteers. There was no association between volunteerism and hypertension risk at lower levels of volunteer participation. Volunteering at least 200 hr was also associated with greater increases in psychological well-being (B = 0.99, β = .05, p = .006) and physical activity (B = 0.21, β = .05, p = .04) compared with nonvolunteers; however, these factors did not explain the association of volunteerism with hypertension risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodlescia S Sneed
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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15
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether parenthood predicts host resistance to the common cold among healthy volunteers experimentally exposed to a common cold virus. METHODS Participants were 795 healthy volunteers (age range = 18-55 years) enrolled in one of three viral-challenge studies conducted from 1993 to 2004. After reporting parenthood status, participants were quarantined, administered nasal drops containing one of four common cold viruses, and monitored for the development of a clinical cold (infection in the presence of objective signs of illness) on the day before and for 5 to 6 days after exposure. All analyses included controls for immunity to the experimental virus (prechallenge specific antibody titers), viral strain, season, age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, body mass, study, employment status, and education. RESULTS Parents were less likely to develop colds than nonparents were (odds ratio [OR] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.31-0.73). This was true for both parents with one to two children (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33-0.83) and three or more children (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.22-0.70). Parenthood was associated with a decreased risk of colds for both those with at least one child living at home (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24-0.87) and those whose children all lived away from home (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.12-0.60). The relationship between parenthood and colds was not observed in parents aged 18 to 24 years but was pronounced among older parents. CONCLUSIONS Parenthood was associated with greater host resistance to common cold viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodlescia S. Sneed
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, Phone: (305) 785-9536, Fax: (412) 268-2798
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
| | - Ronald B. Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health Science Center
| | - William J. Doyle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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Chang DC, Grant GB, O'Donnell K, Wannemuehler KA, Noble-Wang J, Rao CY, Jacobson LM, Crowell CS, Sneed RS, Lewis FMT, Schaffzin JK, Kainer MA, Genese CA, Alfonso EC, Jones DB, Srinivasan A, Fridkin SK, Park BJ. Multistate outbreak of Fusarium keratitis associated with use of a contact lens solution. JAMA 2006; 296:953-63. [PMID: 16926355 DOI: 10.1001/jama.296.8.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fusarium keratitis is a serious corneal infection, most commonly associated with corneal injury. Beginning in March 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received multiple reports of Fusarium keratitis among contact lens wearers. OBJECTIVE To define the specific activities, contact lens hygiene practices, or products associated with this outbreak. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Epidemiological investigation of Fusarium keratitis occurring in the United States. A confirmed case was defined as keratitis with illness onset after June 1, 2005, with no history of recent ocular trauma and a corneal culture growing Fusarium species. Data were obtained by patient and ophthalmologist interviews for case patients and neighborhood-matched controls by trained personnel. Available Fusarium isolates from patients' clinical and environmental specimens were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing. Environmental sampling for Fusarium was conducted at a contact lens solution manufacturing plant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Keratitis infection with Fusarium species. RESULTS As of June 30, 2006, we identified 164 confirmed case patients in 33 states and 1 US territory. Median age was 41 years (range, 12-83 years). Corneal transplantation was required or planned in 55 (34%). One hundred fifty-four (94%) of the confirmed case patients wore soft contact lenses. Forty-five case patients and 78 controls were included in the case-control study. Case patients were significantly more likely than controls to report using a specific contact lens solution, ReNu with MoistureLoc (69% vs 15%; odds ratio, 13.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.1-119.5). The prevalence of reported use of ReNu MultiPlus solution was similar between case patients and controls (18% vs 20%; odds ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-2.8). Fusarium was not recovered from the factory, warehouse, solution filtrate, or unopened solution bottles; production of implicated lots was not clustered in time. Among 39 isolates tested, at least 10 different Fusarium species were identified, comprising 19 unique multilocus genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this investigation indicate that this outbreak of Fusarium keratitis was associated with use of ReNu with MoistureLoc contact lens solution. Contact lens users should not use ReNu with MoistureLoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Chang
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Career Development Division, Office of Workforce and Career Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, USA.
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