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Kavsak PA, Clark L, Arnoldo S, Lou A, Shea JL, Eintracht S, Lyon AW, Bhayana V, Thorlacius L, Raizman JE, Tsui A, Djiana R, Chen M, Huang Y, Haider A, Booth RA, McCudden C, Yip PM, Beriault D, Blank D, Fung AWS, Taher J, St-Cyr J, Sharif S, Belley-Cote E, Abramson BL, Friedman SM, Cox JL, Sivilotti MLA, Chen-Tournoux A, McLaren J, Mak S, Thiruganasambandamoorthy V, Scheuermeyer F, Humphries KH, Worster A, Ko D, Aakre KM, Mills NL, Jaffe AS. Imprecision of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays at the female 99th-percentile. Clin Biochem 2024; 125:110731. [PMID: 38360198 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An analytical benchmark for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays is to achieve a coefficient of variation (CV) of ≤ 10.0 % at the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) used for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Few prospective multicenter studies have evaluated assay imprecision and none have determined precision at the female URL which is lower than the male URL for all cardiac troponin assays. METHODS Human serum and plasma matrix samples were constructed to yield hs-cTn concentrations near the female URLs for the Abbott, Beckman, Roche, and Siemens hs-cTn assays. These materials were sent (on dry ice) to 35 Canadian hospital laboratories (n = 64 instruments evaluated) participating in a larger clinical trial, with instructions for storage, handling, and monthly testing over one year. The mean concentration, standard deviation, and CV for each instrument type and an overall pooled CV for each manufacturer were calculated. RESULTS The CVs for all individual instruments and overall were ≤ 10.0 % for two manufacturers (Abbott CVpooled = 6.3 % and Beckman CVpooled = 7.0 %). One of four Siemens Atellica instruments yielded a CV > 10.0 % (CVpooled = 7.7 %), whereas 15 of 41 Roche instruments yielded CVs > 10.0 % at the female URL of 9 ng/L used worldwide (6 cobas e411, 1 cobas e601, 4 cobas e602, and 4 cobas e801) (CVpooled = 11.7 %). Four Roche instruments also yielded CVs > 10.0 % near the female URL of 14 ng/L used in the United States (CVpooled = 8.5 %). CONCLUSIONS The number of instruments achieving a CV ≤ 10.0 % at the female 99th-percentile URL varies by manufacturer and by instrument. Monitoring assay precision at the female URL is necessary for some assays to ensure optimal use of this threshold in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy Lou
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Chen
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yun Huang
- Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Haider
- Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Paul M Yip
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dennis Ko
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristin M Aakre
- Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Allan S Jaffe
- Mayo Clinic and Medical Center, Rochester, MN, United States
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2
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Freedman MS, Gnanapavan S, Booth RA, Calabresi PA, Khalil M, Kuhle J, Lycke J, Olsson T. Guidance for use of neurofilament light chain as a cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarker in multiple sclerosis management. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:104970. [PMID: 38354532 PMCID: PMC10875256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a long-awaited blood biomarker that can provide clinically useful information about prognosis and therapeutic efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS). There is now substantial evidence for this biomarker to be used alongside magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical measures of disease progression as a decision-making tool for the management of patients with MS. Serum NfL (sNfL) has certain advantages over traditional measures of MS disease progression such as MRI because it is relatively noninvasive, inexpensive, and can be repeated frequently to monitor activity and treatment efficacy. sNfL levels can be monitored regularly in patients with MS to determine change from baseline and predict subclinical disease activity, relapse risk, and the development of gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions. sNfL does not replace MRI, which provides information related to spatial localisation and lesion stage. Laboratory platforms are starting to be made available for clinical application of sNfL in several countries. Further work is needed to resolve issues around comparisons across testing platforms (absolute values) and normalisation (reference ranges) in order to guide interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Freedman
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Ottawa, and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Ronald A Booth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital & Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Khalil
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Neurology, Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Lycke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
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3
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Whelan M, Galipeau Y, White-Al Habeeb N, Konforte D, Abou El Hassan M, Booth RA, Arnold C, Langlois MA, Pelchat M. Cross-sectional Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels and Decay Rates Following Infection of Unvaccinated Elderly Individuals. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad384. [PMID: 37547857 PMCID: PMC10404006 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infections have disproportionally burdened elderly populations with excessive mortality. While several contributing factors exists, questions remain about the quality and duration of humoral antibody-mediated responses resulting from infections in unvaccinated elderly individuals. Methods Residual serum/plasma samples were collected from individuals undergoing routine SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing in a community laboratory in Canada. The samples were collected in 2020, before vaccines became available. IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid, trimeric spike, and its receptor-binding domain were quantified via a high-throughput chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neutralization efficiency was also quantified through a surrogate high-throughput protein-based neutralization assay. Results This study analyzed SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in a large cross-sectional cohort (N = 739), enriched for elderly individuals (median age, 82 years; 75% >65 years old), where 72% of samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction. The age group ≥90 years had higher levels of antibodies than that <65 years. Neutralization efficiency showed an age-dependent trend, where older persons had higher levels of neutralizing antibodies. Antibodies targeting the nucleocapsid had the fastest decline. IgG antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain remained stable over time, potentially explaining the lack of neutralization decay observed in this cohort. Conclusions Despite older individuals having the highest levels of antibodies postinfection, they are the cohort in which antibody decay was the fastest. Until a better understanding of correlates of protection is acquired, along with the protective role of nonneutralizing antibodies, booster vaccinations remain important in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Whelan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Mohamed Abou El Hassan
- LifeLabs Medical Laboratory Services, Etobicoke, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ronald A Booth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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4
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Kavsak PA, Clark L, Arnoldo S, Lou A, Shea JL, Eintracht S, Lyon AW, Bhayana V, Thorlacius L, Raizman JE, Tsui AKY, Djiana R, Chen M, Huang Y, Booth RA, McCudden C, Lavoie J, Beriault DR, Blank DW, Fung AWS, Hoffman B, Taher J, St-Cyr J, Yip PM, Belley-Cote EP, Abramson BL, Borgundvaag B, Friedman SM, Mak S, McLaren J, Steinhart B, Udell JA, Wijeysundera HC, Atkinson P, Campbell SG, Chandra K, Cox JL, Mulvagh S, Quraishi AUR, Chen-Tournoux A, Clark G, Segal E, Suskin N, Johri AM, Sivilotti MLA, Garuba H, Thiruganasambandamoorthy V, Robinson S, Scheuermeyer F, Humphries KH, Than M, Pickering JW, Worster A, Mills NL, Devereaux PJ, Jaffe AS. Analytic Result Variation for High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin: Interpretation and Consequences. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:947-951. [PMID: 37094710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorna Clark
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Amy Lou
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Shea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | - Andrew W Lyon
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | | | - Joshua E Raizman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Albert K Y Tsui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Michael Chen
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yun Huang
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Joël Lavoie
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Angela W S Fung
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Paul M Yip
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilie P Belley-Cote
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Susanna Mak
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jafna L Cox
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Eli Segal
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Simon Robinson
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Martin Than
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John W Pickering
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Nicholas L Mills
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - P J Devereaux
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan S Jaffe
- Mayo Clinic and Medical Center, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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Ghossein J, Ghossein J, Booth RA, Kavsak P, Chamoun C. Presence of Macrotroponin for over Two Years in a Young Adult Female. CJC Open 2022; 4:1012-1014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Thebault S, Reaume M, Marrie RA, Marriott JJ, Furlan R, Laroni A, Booth RA, Uccelli A, Freedman MS. High or increasing serum NfL is predictive of impending multiple sclerosis relapses. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 59:103535. [PMID: 35078125 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-off serum levels of neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is an established predictor of emerging disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the importance of longitudinal increases in sNfL is yet to be enumerated, an important consideration as this test is translated for serial monitoring. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (sGFAP) is another biomarker of predictive interest. Our objective was to assess the association between longitudinal changes sNfL and prediction of future relapses, as well as a possible role for sGFAP. METHODS Participants with active MS were prospectively monitored for one year as part of a clinical trial testing mesenchymal stem cells. Visits every three months or less included clinical assessments, MRI scans and serum draws. sNfL and sGFAP concentrations were quantified with Single Molecule Array immunoassay. We used Kaplan-Meier estimates and Anderson-Gill Cox regression models with and without adjustment for age, sex, disease subtype, disease duration and expanded disability status score (EDSS) to estimate the rate of relapse predicted by baseline and longitudinal changes in biomarker. RESULTS 58 Canadian and Italian participants with MS were enrolled in this study. Higher baseline sNfL was future relapse (Log-rank p = 0.0068), MRI lesions (p=0.0096), composite-relapse associated worsening (p=0.01) and progression independent of relapse activity (p=0.0096). Conversely, baseline sGFAP was only weakly associated with MRI lesions (0.044). Cross-sectional analyses of baseline sNfL revealed that a two-fold difference in baseline sNfL, e.g. from 10 to 20 pg/mL, was associated with a 2.3-fold increased risk of relapse during follow-up (95% confidence interval 1.65-3.17). Longitudinally, a two-fold increase in sNfL level from the first measurement was associated with an additional 1.46 times increased risk of relapse (1.07-2.00). The impact of longitudinal increases in sNfL on the risk of relapse were most pronounced for patients with lower baseline values of sNfL (<10 pg/mL: HR = 1.54, 1.06-2.24). These associations remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSION We enumerate the risk of relapse associated with dynamic changes in sNfL. Both baseline and longitudinal change in sNfL may help identify patients who would benefit from early treatment optimisation. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS Canada:NCT02239393, Italy:NCT01854957&EudraCT, 2011-001295-19 CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides class 1 evidence that high baseline and longitudinal increases in sNfL are predictive of impending relapses in patients with active MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Thebault
- The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael Reaume
- The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James J Marriott
- Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Italy
| | - Alice Laroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ronald A Booth
- The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association (EORLA)
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mark S Freedman
- The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Kulasingam V, Booth RA, Peterson LK, Snyder MR. The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine Special Issue on Autoimmune Diagnostics. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:1-2. [PMID: 34996095 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vathany Kulasingam
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ronald A Booth
- Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital & Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lisa K Peterson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Melissa R Snyder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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8
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Galipeau Y, Siragam V, Laroche G, Marion E, Greig M, McGuinty M, Booth RA, Durocher Y, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Bennett SAL, Crawley AM, Giguère PM, Cooper C, Langlois MA. Relative Ratios of Human Seasonal Coronavirus Antibodies Predict the Efficiency of Cross-Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Binding to ACE2. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103700. [PMID: 34861490 PMCID: PMC8629681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies raised against human seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs), which are responsible for the common cold, are known to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 antigens. This prompts questions about their protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 severity. However, the relationship between sCoVs exposure and SARS-CoV-2 correlates of protection are not clearly identified. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of cross-reactivity and cross-neutralization to SARS-CoV-2 antigens (S-RBD, S-trimer, N) using pre-pandemic sera from four different groups: pediatrics and adolescents, individuals 21 to 70 years of age, older than 70 years of age, and individuals living with HCV or HIV. Data was then further analysed using machine learning to identify predictive patterns of neutralization based on sCoVs serology. FINDINGS Antibody cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens varied between 1.6% and 15.3% depending on the cohort and the isotype-antigen pair analyzed. We also show a range of neutralizing activity (0-45%) with median inhibition ranging from 17.6 % to 23.3 % in serum that interferes with SARS-CoV-2 spike attachment to ACE2 independently of age group. While the abundance of sCoV antibodies did not directly correlate with neutralization, we show that neutralizing activity is rather dependent on relative ratios of IgGs in sera directed to all four sCoV spike proteins. More specifically, we identified antibodies to NL63 and OC43 as being the most important predictors of neutralization. INTERPRETATION Our data support the concept that exposure to sCoVs triggers antibody responses that influence the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 spike binding to ACE2, which may potentially impact COVID-19 disease severity through other latent variables. FUNDING This study was supported by a grant by the CIHR (VR2 -172722) and by a grant supplement by the CITF, and by a NRC Collaborative R&D Initiative Grant (PR031-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Vinayakumar Siragam
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Geneviève Laroche
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Erika Marion
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Matthew Greig
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Ronald A Booth
- University of Ottawa & The Ottawa Hospital Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and The Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association (EORLA)
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada
| | - Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; Digital Technologies Research Center, National Research Council Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology
| | - Steffany A L Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3)
| | - Angela M Crawley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3); Department of Biology, Carleton University, Canada
| | - Patrick M Giguère
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3).
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9
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Turner KA, Frinack JL, Ettore MW, Tate JR, Graziani MS, Jacobs JFM, Booth RA, McCudden CR, Keren DF, Delgado JC, Zemtsovskaja G, Fullinfaw RO, Caldini A, de Malmanche T, Katakouzinos K, Burke M, Palladini G, Altinier S, Zaninotto M, Righetti G, Melki MT, Bell S, Willrich MAV. An international multi-center serum protein electrophoresis accuracy and M-protein isotyping study. Part I: factors impacting limit of quantitation of serum protein electrophoresis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:533-546. [PMID: 31940284 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is used to quantify the serum monoclonal component or M-protein, for diagnosis and monitoring of monoclonal gammopathies. Significant imprecision and inaccuracy pose challenges in reporting small M-proteins. Using therapeutic monoclonal antibody-spiked sera and a pooled beta-migrating M-protein, we aimed to assess SPEP limitations and variability across 16 laboratories in three continents. Methods Sera with normal, hypo- or hypergammaglobulinemia were spiked with daratumumab, Dara (cathodal migrating), or elotuzumab, Elo (central-gamma migrating), with concentrations from 0.125 to 10 g/L (n = 62) along with a beta-migrating sample (n = 9). Provided with total protein (reverse biuret, Siemens), laboratories blindly analyzed samples according to their SPEP and immunofixation (IFE) or immunosubtraction (ISUB) standard operating procedures. Sixteen laboratories reported the perpendicular drop (PD) method of gating the M-protein, while 10 used tangent skimming (TS). A mean percent recovery range of 80%-120% was set as acceptable. The inter-laboratory %CV was calculated. Results Gamma globulin background, migration pattern and concentration all affect the precision and accuracy of quantifying M-proteins by SPEP. As the background increases, imprecision increases and accuracy decreases leading to overestimation of M-protein quantitation especially evident in hypergamma samples, and more prominent with PD. Cathodal migrating M-proteins were associated with less imprecision and higher accuracy compared to central-gamma migrating M-proteins, which is attributed to the increased gamma background contribution in M-proteins migrating in the middle of the gamma fraction. There is greater imprecision and loss of accuracy at lower M-protein concentrations. Conclusions This study suggests that quantifying exceedingly low concentrations of M-proteins, although possible, may not yield adequate accuracy and precision between laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Turner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jody L Frinack
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael W Ettore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jillian R Tate
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Joannes F M Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald A Booth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher R McCudden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Julio C Delgado
- ARUP Laboratories, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Galina Zemtsovskaja
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Robert O Fullinfaw
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Caldini
- General Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Theo de Malmanche
- NSW Health Pathology, Immunology Department, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Katina Katakouzinos
- Immunopathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Burke
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Altinier
- Laboratory Medicine of the University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Zaninotto
- Laboratory Medicine of the University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Alice Vieira Willrich
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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10
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Jacobs JFM, Turner KA, Graziani MS, Frinack JL, Ettore MW, Tate JR, Booth RA, McCudden CR, Keren DF, Delgado JC, Zemtsovskaja G, Fullinfaw RO, Caldini A, de Malmanche T, Katakouzinos K, Burke M, Palladini G, Altinier S, Zaninotto M, Righetti G, Melki MT, Bell S, Willrich MAV. An international multi-center serum protein electrophoresis accuracy and M-protein isotyping study. Part II: limit of detection and follow-up of patients with small M-proteins. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:547-559. [PMID: 31940285 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Electrophoretic methods to detect, characterize and quantify M-proteins play an important role in the management of patients with monoclonal gammopathies (MGs). Significant uncertainty in the quantification and limit of detection (LOD) is documented when M-proteins are <10 g/L. Using spiked sera, we aimed to assess the variability in intact M-protein quantification and LOD across 16 laboratories. Methods Sera with normal, hypo- or hyper-gammaglobulinemia were spiked with daratumumab or elotuzumab, with concentrations from 0.125 to 10 g/L (n = 62) along with a beta-migrating sample (n = 9). Laboratories blindly analyzed samples according to their serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)/isotyping standard operating procedures. LOD and intra-laboratory percent coefficient of variation (%CV) were calculated and further specified with regard to the method (gel/capillary electrophoresis [CZE]), gating strategy (perpendicular drop [PD]/tangent skimming [TS]), isotyping (immunofixation/immunosubtraction [ISUB]) and manufacturer (Helena/Sebia). Results All M-proteins ≥1 g/L were detected by SPEP. With isotyping the LOD was moderately more sensitive than with SPEP. The intensity of polyclonal background had the biggest negative impact on LOD. Independent of the method used, the intra-laboratory imprecision of M-protein quantification was small (mean CV = 5.0%). Low M-protein concentration and high polyclonal background had the strongest negative impact on intra-laboratory precision. All laboratories were able to follow trend of M-protein concentrations down to 1 g/L. Conclusions In this study, we describe a large variation in the reported LOD for both SPEP and isotyping; overall LOD is most affected by the polyclonal immunoglobulin background. Satisfactory intra-laboratory precision was demonstrated. This indicates that the quantification of small M-proteins to monitor patients over time is appropriate, when subsequent testing is performed within the same laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannes F M Jacobs
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine A Turner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jody L Frinack
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael W Ettore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jillian R Tate
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ronald A Booth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher R McCudden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David F Keren
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julio C Delgado
- ARUP Laboratories, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Galina Zemtsovskaja
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Robert O Fullinfaw
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Caldini
- General Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Theo de Malmanche
- NSW Health Pathology, Immunology Department, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights NSW, Australia
| | - Katina Katakouzinos
- Immunopathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Burke
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Giovanni Palladini
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Altinier
- Laboratory Medicine of the University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Zaninotto
- Laboratory Medicine of the University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Alice Vieira Willrich
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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11
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Rutledge AC, Johnston A, Bailey D, Booth RA, Edmond P, Leung V, Veljkovic K. Survey of renin and aldosterone testing practices by Ontario laboratories - Providing insight into best practices. Pract Lab Med 2021; 25:e00229. [PMID: 34095415 PMCID: PMC8145751 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Testing for renin and aldosterone in clinical laboratories is complicated by pre-analytical considerations such as the posture for blood collection and susceptibility to cryoactivation of renin. From an analytical perspective, there are both renin activity and renin mass or concentration assays available. There can also be variability in result reporting practices and the aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR) cut-off applied to screen for primary aldosteronism (PA). The Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare (IQMH) Centre for Proficiency Testing surveyed laboratories on their handling of renin and aldosterone testing to better understand current practices. Design and methods An online survey was prepared and sent to 134 Canadian laboratories enrolled in endocrinology proficiency testing with IQMH. Results One hundred twenty Ontario laboratories submitted responses. While only six (5%) laboratories perform testing for both renin and aldosterone, 108 (90%) collect and process specimens to be tested by reference laboratories. The survey revealed considerable variation in practices including the recommended state of patients prior to sample collection (for example, regarding medications or salt intake), the patient posture specifications for sample collection, the precautions taken against cryoactivation of renin, the choice of renin activity or mass assay, and the ARR cut-off used. The available literature on these factors was then reviewed. Conclusions Although there is no standardized procedure for specimen collection, analysis, or result reporting for renin or aldosterone testing, we have attempted to summarize the available literature to develop evidence-based recommendations. Where laboratory practice differs from peers and/or recommended protocols, laboratories should review their practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Rutledge
- Endocrinology and Immunology Scientific Committee, Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Johnston
- Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana Bailey
- Endocrinology and Immunology Scientific Committee, Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dynacare, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald A Booth
- Endocrinology and Immunology Scientific Committee, Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital and Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela Edmond
- Endocrinology and Immunology Scientific Committee, Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor Leung
- Endocrinology and Immunology Scientific Committee, Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Joseph Brant Hospital, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kika Veljkovic
- Endocrinology and Immunology Scientific Committee, Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,LifeLabs, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Thebault S, Booth RA, Rush CA, MacLean H, Freedman MS. Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Measurement in MS: Hurdles to Clinical Translation. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:654942. [PMID: 33841093 PMCID: PMC8027110 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.654942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of serum neurofilament light chain concentration (sNfL) promises to become a convenient, cost effective and meaningful adjunct for multiple sclerosis (MS) prognostication as well as monitoring disease activity in response to treatment. Despite the remarkable progress and an ever-increasing literature supporting the potential role of sNfL in MS over the last 5 years, a number of hurdles remain before this test can be integrated into routine clinical practice. In this review we highlight these hurdles, broadly classified by concerns relating to clinical validity and analytical validity. After setting out an aspirational roadmap as to how many of these issues can be overcome, we conclude by sharing our vision of the current and future role of sNfL assays in MS clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Thebault
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald A Booth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carolina A Rush
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Heather MacLean
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S Freedman
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Shaw JL, McCudden CR, Colantonio DA, Booth RA, Lin DC, Blasutig IM, Moran T, Trofimczuk D, Carriere C, Gharra A, Portelance C, Tremblay C, Dupaul D, Breton N, Angelkovski M, Jariwala C, Embleton M, Campbell C, Groulx K, Larmour K. Effective interventions to improve the quality of critically high point-of-care glucose meter results. Pract Lab Med 2020; 22:e00184. [PMID: 33145388 PMCID: PMC7596339 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2020.e00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Point-of-care testing (POCT) is testing performed outside the traditional laboratory, often at the patient bedside. In hospital settings, blood glucose is the most common POCT. Staff performing POCT are not usually laboratory trained; they are clinical staff with a primary focus on treating patients. Clinical staff find POCT quality assurance (QA) practices burdensome and are often non-compliant. In hospitals within EORLA (Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratories Association), all critically high POCT glucose results must be repeated prior to acting, according to policy. Compliance with this policy is audited regularly. Design and methods: All POCT glucose tests performed in participating sites between January and June 2018 and June and December 2019 were audited for compliance with the critical repeat policy. The discordant repeat rate was also determined for each audit period. Between January and May 2019, there were interventions aimed at improving compliance with the repeat policy. Results Compliance with the critical repeat policy increased from 30 to 57% in 2019 compared to 2018, following nursing education and implementation of notifications on the glucose meters themselves. The rate of discordant repeat results (>20% different from initial) also improved at most sites in 2019 compared to 2018. Nurses cited insufficient cleaning of patient hands prior to initial testing as the primary reason for discordant repeats. Conclusions Operator compliance with POCT QA policies is an ongoing challenge requiring continual audit, feedback and education. A strong POCT multi-disciplinary committee with supports from senior and clinical leadership in an organization are key to improving compliance. Compliance with the policy requiring repeat of all critically high POCT glucose results is audited as a quality indicator. Audits demonstrated a high rate of non-compliance with the critical repeat policy by clinical staff performing POCT. Approximately 25% of critically high glucose results repeated were discordant (>20% different from the initial result) Implementation of meter notifications and nursing education led to significant improvements in compliance at most sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lv Shaw
- Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratories Association, Canada.,Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christopher R McCudden
- Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratories Association, Canada.,Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - David A Colantonio
- Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratories Association, Canada.,Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ronald A Booth
- Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratories Association, Canada.,Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Danny C Lin
- Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratories Association, Canada.,Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ivan M Blasutig
- Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratories Association, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Moran
- Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratories Association, Canada
| | | | | | - Anas Gharra
- Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratories Association, Canada
| | | | | | - Dianne Dupaul
- Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratories Association, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karen Larmour
- Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratories Association, Canada
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14
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Thiruganasambandamoorthy V, McRae AD, Rowe BH, Sivilotti MLA, Mukarram M, Nemnom MJ, Booth RA, Calder LA, Stiell IG, Wells GA, Cheng W, Taljaard M. Does N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Improve the Risk Stratification of Emergency Department Patients With Syncope? Ann Intern Med 2020; 172:648-655. [PMID: 32340039 DOI: 10.7326/m19-3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported that natriuretic peptides provide prognostic information for emergency department (ED) syncope. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether adding N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) to the Canadian Syncope Risk Score (CSRS) improves prediction of 30-day serious adverse events (SAEs). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING 6 EDs in 2 Canadian provinces. PARTICIPANTS 1452 adult ED patients with syncope. INTERVENTION Serum NT-proBNP was measured locally at 1 site and batch processed at a central laboratory from other sites. The concentrations were not available to treating physicians or for adjudication of outcomes. MEASUREMENTS An adjudicated composite outcome of 30-day SAEs, including death and cardiac (arrhythmic and nonarrhythmic) and noncardiac events. RESULTS Of 1452 patients enrolled, 152 (10.5% [95% CI, 9.0% to 12.1%]) had 30-day SAEs, 57 (3.9%) of which were identified after the index ED disposition. Serum NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly higher among patients with SAEs than those without them (median, 626.5 ng/L vs. 81 ng/L; P < 0.001). Adding NT-proBNP values to the CSRS did not significantly improve prognostication (c-statistic, 0.89 and 0.90; P = 0.12 for difference), regardless of SAE subgroup or whether the SAE was identified after the index ED visit. The net reclassification index shows that NT-proBNP would have correctly reclassified 3% of patients with SAEs at the expense of incorrectly reclassifying 2% of patients without SAEs. LIMITATIONS Our study was powered to detect a 3% difference in the area under the curve. The heterogeneity of outcomes and robust baseline discrimination by the CSRS will make improvements challenging. CONCLUSION Although serum NT-proBNP concentrations were generally much higher among ED patients with syncope who had a 30-day SAE, this blood test added little new information to the CSRS. Routine use of NT-proBNP for ED syncope prognostication is not recommended. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Physicians' Services Incorporated Foundation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and The Ottawa Hospital Academic Medical Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew D McRae
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (A.D.M.)
| | - Brian H Rowe
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (B.H.R.)
| | | | | | | | - Ronald A Booth
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.A.B., G.A.W., W.C.)
| | - Lisa A Calder
- University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (V.T., L.A.C., I.G.S.)
| | - Ian G Stiell
- University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (V.T., L.A.C., I.G.S.)
| | - George A Wells
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.A.B., G.A.W., W.C.)
| | - Wei Cheng
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.A.B., G.A.W., W.C.)
| | - Monica Taljaard
- The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.T.)
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15
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Thebault S, Lee H, Bose G, Tessier D, Abdoli M, Bowman M, Berard J, Walker L, Rush CA, MacLean H, Booth RA, Narayanan S, Arnold DL, Tabard-Cossa V, Atkins HL, Bar-Or A, Freedman MS. Neurotoxicity after hematopoietic stem cell transplant in multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:767-775. [PMID: 32304358 PMCID: PMC7261754 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accelerated brain volume loss has been noted following immunoablative autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (IAHSCT) for multiple sclerosis. As with other MS treatments, this is often interpreted as 'pseudoatrophy', related to reduced inflammation. Treatment-related neurotoxicity may be contributory. We sought objective evidence of post-IAHSCT toxicity by quantifying levels of Neurofilament Light Chain (sNfL) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (sGFAP) before and after treatment as markers of neuroaxonal and glial cell damage. METHODS Sera were collected from 22 MS patients pre- and post-IAHSCT at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months along with 28 noninflammatory controls. sNfL and sGFAP quantification was performed using the SiMoA single-molecule assay. RESULTS Pre-IAHSCT levels of sNfL and sGFAP were elevated in MS patients compared with controls (geometric mean sNfL 21.8 vs. 6.4 pg/mL, sGFAP 107.4 vs. 50.7 pg/mL, P = 0.0001 for both). Three months after IAHSCT, levels of sNfL and sGFAP increased from baseline by 32.1% and 74.8%, respectively (P = 0.0029 and 0.0004). sNfL increases correlated with total busulfan dose (P = 0.034), EDSS score worsening at 6 months (P = 0.041), and MRI grey matter volume loss at 6 months (P = 0.0023). Subsequent NfL levels reduced to less than baseline (12-month geometric mean 11.3 pg/mL P = 0.0001) but were still higher than controls (P = 0.0001). sGFAP levels reduced more slowly but at 12 months were approaching baseline levels (130.7 pg/mL). INTERPRETATION There is direct evidence of transient CNS toxicity immediately after IAHSCT which may be chemotherapy mediated and contributes to transient increases in MRI atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Thebault
- The University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hyunwoo Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gauruv Bose
- The University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Tessier
- Department of Physics, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Abdoli
- The University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marjorie Bowman
- The University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Berard
- The University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Walker
- The University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carolina A Rush
- The University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Heather MacLean
- The University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald A Booth
- The University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sridar Narayanan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Douglas L Arnold
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Harold L Atkins
- The University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark S Freedman
- The University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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16
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Daboval T, Ouellet P, Charles F, Booth RA, MacLean G, Roeper R, Racinet C. Comparisons between umbilical cord biomarkers for newborn hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:3969-3982. [PMID: 31766910 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1688292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cord blood umbilical artery (Ua) pH, base deficit (BD), and pH eucapnic Blickstein/Green-50 may mislead clinicians to identify newborns at risk for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Neonatal eucapnic pH (pH euc-n Racinet-54) may be a comprehensive alternative. The goal of the study is to compare the predictive performance of these four biomarkers for the combined primary outcome of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy/death.Methods: This retrospective cohort study includes newborns ≥35 weeks gestational age. Receiver operating characteristics curves analysis was performed for Ua cord pH, BD, pH euc-n Racinet-54, and pH eucapnic Blickstein/Green-50 for the global cohort and for two subgroups of newborns with Ua cord pH ≤ 7.15. Cutoff values were derived for all four markers.Results: From the original cohort of 61,037 newborns born between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2016, we excluded cases with major congenital malformations and missing/incomplete data. The global cohort includes 51,286 newborns and 60 newborns afflicted with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)/death. The area under the curves (AUC) derived from the global cohort were comparable between Ua cord pH (0.95; 95%CI = 0.94-0.95), BD (0.93; 95%CI = 0.93-0.93), pH euc-n Racinet-54 (0.93; 95% CI = 0.93-0.93), and lower for pH Blickstein/Green-50 (0.78; 95% CI = 0.77-0.78) (p < .05). Within newborn with severe acidemia (pH ≤ 7.00) and moderate acidemia (7.00 ≤ pH ≤ 7.15), pH euc-n Racinet-54 had the largest AUC and best positive likelihood ratios especially for sensitivity ≥ 0.80 to minimize false negative cases.Conclusion: In this large retrospective study, predictive performance for Ua cord pH, BD, and pH euc-n Racinet-54 are comparable when applied to the global group. For newborns with Ua cord pH ≤ 7.00 and Ua cord 7.00 ≤ pH ≤ 7.15, pH euc-n Racinet-54 appears better to identify those with HIE/death, especially when the target is sensitivity > 80%. Prospective studies will confirm if pH euc-n Racinet-54 is a better alternative to Ua cord pH and BD to evaluate newborn acid-base physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Daboval
- Ottawa Hospital-General Campus, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Paul Ouellet
- Vitality Health Network, North West Zone, Edmundston, Canada
| | - François Charles
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Toulon-La Seyne, Toulon, France
| | - Ronald A Booth
- Ottawa Hospital-General Campus, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gillian MacLean
- Kingston Health Sciences Center, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Rhiana Roeper
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Claude Racinet
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Childhood Disabilities and Perinatal Data Register, Grenoble, France
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17
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Abstract
Laboratory testing plays an essential role in the diagnosis and management of patients with multiple myeloma. A variety of chemistry and molecular assays are routinely used to monitor patient progress, response to treatment and relapse. Here, we have reviewed current literature and core guidelines on the details of laboratory testing in myeloma-related investigations. This includes the use and value of protein electrophoresis, serum free light chain and cytogenetic testing. Furthermore, we discuss other traditional chemistry assays essential to myeloma investigation, and potential interferences that may arise due to the disease nature of myeloma, that is, the presence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin. Finally, we discuss the importance of communication in protein electrophoresis results, where laboratorians are required to relate clinically relevant myeloma-relevant information to the ordering physician on the background of a complex pattern of serum or urine proteins. Laboratory testing in myeloma-related investigation relies on several traditional chemistry assays. However, we anticipate new tests and technologies to become available in the future with improved analytical sensitivity, as well as improved clinical sensitivity in identifying patients who are at high risk of progression to multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald A Booth
- Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kristin Hauff
- Interior Health Corporate Office, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Philip Berardi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, ON, Canada; Division of Anatomical Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alissa Visram
- Division of Haematology, The Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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18
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Booth RA, Jiang Y, Morrison H, Orpana H, Rogers Van Katwyk S, Lemieux C. Ethnic dependent differences in diagnostic accuracy of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Canadian adults. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 136:143-149. [PMID: 29203254 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Previous studies have shown varying sensitivity and specificity of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to identify diabetes and prediabetes, compared to 2-h oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), in different ethnic groups. Within the Canadian population, the ability of HbA1c to identify prediabetes and diabetes in First Nations, Métis and Inuit, East and South Asian ethnic groups has yet to be determined. METHODS We collected demographic, lifestyle information, biochemical results of glycemic status (FPG, OGTT, and HbA1c) from an ethnically diverse Canadian population sample, which included a purposeful sampling of First Nations, Métis, Inuit, South Asian and East Asian participants. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity using Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) recommended cut-points varied between ethnic groups, with greater variability for identification of prediabetes than diabetes. Dysglycemia (prediabetes and diabetes) was identified with a sensitivity and specificity ranging from 47.1% to 87.5%, respectively in Caucasians to 24.1% and 88.8% in Inuit. Optimal HbA1c ethnic-specific cut-points for dysglycemia and diabetes were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our sample showed broad differences in the ability of HbA1c to identify dysglycemia or diabetes in different ethnic groups. Optimal cut-points for dysglycemia or diabetes in all ethnic groups were substantially lower than CDA recommendations. Utilization of HbA1c as the sole biochemical diagnostic marker may produce varying degrees of false negative results depending on the ethnicity of screened individuals. Further research is necessary to identify and validate optimal ethnic specific cut-points used for diabetic screening in the Canadian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Booth
- Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Ying Jiang
- Social Determinants and Science Integration Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada
| | - Howard Morrison
- Social Determinants and Science Integration Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada
| | - Heather Orpana
- Social Determinants and Science Integration Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susan Rogers Van Katwyk
- Social Determinants and Science Integration Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chantal Lemieux
- Social Determinants and Science Integration Directorate, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada
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Booth RA, McCudden CR, Balion CM, Blasutig IM, Bouhtiauy I, Rodriguez-Capote K, Catomeris P, Chan PC, Chen Y, Collier C, Hauff K, Kalra J, Li D, Lin DC, Lou AH, Meng QH, Morrison T, Pasic MD, Qureshi M, Randell E, Sohn KY, Thakur V, Thomas D, Thoni A, Tomalty C, Yang L, Zamkanei M. Candidate recommendations for protein electrophoresis reporting from the Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists Monoclonal Gammopathy Working Group. Clin Biochem 2018; 51:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McCudden CR, Booth RA, Lin DC, McCurdy A, Rupani N, Kew A. Synoptic reporting for protein electrophoresis and immunofixation. Clin Biochem 2018; 51:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Salamatmanesh M, McCudden CR, McCurdy A, Booth RA. Monoclonal protein reference change value as determined by gel-based serum protein electrophoresis. Clin Biochem 2018; 51:61-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chehroudi C, Booth RA, Milman N. Diagnostic outcome and indications for testing in patients with positive ANCA at a Canadian tertiary care centre. Rheumatol Int 2017; 38:641-647. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Keren DF, McCudden CR, Booth RA. Editorial on laboratory diagnosis and management of plasma cell dyscrasias special issue. Clin Biochem 2017; 51:1-3. [PMID: 29111449 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David F Keren
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, USA
| | - Christopher R McCudden
- Dept. of Pathology & Lab. Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, University of Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Ronald A Booth
- Dept. of Pathology & Lab. Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, University of Ottawa, Canada
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Zimmerman D, House AA, Kim SJ, Booth RA, Zhang T, Ramsay T, Knoll G. The Risk of Acute Rejection Following Kidney Transplant by 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Status: A Prospective Cohort Study. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2017; 4:2054358117699822. [PMID: 28491335 PMCID: PMC5406125 DOI: 10.1177/2054358117699822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prediction of acute kidney transplant rejection remains imperfect despite several known risk factors. There is an increasing appreciation of the potential importance of the vitamin D pathway in immunological disease and transplantation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D with acute rejection. Design: This was a prospective cohort study. Setting: Three academic adult kidney transplant programs in Ontario, Canada, were chosen. Patients: All consecutive adult patients at the 3 institutions who received a solitary kidney transplant, were able to provide written informed consent, and planned to be followed at the same center post-operatively were included. Measurements: Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured at baseline, 3, and 6 months post-transplantation. Acute rejection was classified using Banff criteria. Methods: The co-primary outcome was the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and time to first occurrence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) within the first year after kidney transplantation. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted taking into account the time-varying nature of serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Results: From 556 screened patients, data on 327 kidney transplant recipients are included. First BPAR occurred in 54 (16.5%) patients. In adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was not associated with acute renal transplant rejection (hazard ratio 1.00; 95% [confidence interval] CI, 0.87-1.14, per 10 nmol/L increase, and hazard ratio 0.97; 95% CI, 0.84-1.12, per 10 pmol/L increase, respectively). Limitations: Given the observational design, we cannot rule out the possibility of residual confounding that limited our ability to detect a clinically significant effect of vitamin D metabolites on acute rejection. Conclusions: A low serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is not associated with an increased risk of acute kidney transplant rejection following kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Zimmerman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew A House
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Joseph Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald A Booth
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tinghua Zhang
- Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim Ramsay
- Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg Knoll
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Booth RA, Bernardini S. The IFCC-Siemens Specialized Conference: Biomarkers in neuropsychiatric disorders. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 449:1-2. [PMID: 26118322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Booth
- Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital & Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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Krycka KL, Borchers JA, Booth RA, Ijiri Y, Hasz K, Rhyne JJ, Majetich SA. Krycka et al. reply. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:149702. [PMID: 25910168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.149702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K L Krycka
- 1NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - J A Borchers
- 1NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - R A Booth
- 2Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Y Ijiri
- 3Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, USA
| | - K Hasz
- 3Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, USA
| | - J J Rhyne
- 4U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S A Majetich
- 2Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Krycka KL, Borchers JA, Booth RA, Ijiri Y, Hasz K, Rhyne JJ, Majetich SA. Origin of surface canting within Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:147203. [PMID: 25325655 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.147203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The nature of near-surface spin canting within Fe3O4 nanoparticles is highly debated. Here we develop a neutron scattering asymmetry analysis which quantifies the canting angle to between 23° and 42° at 1.2 T. Simultaneously, an energy-balance model is presented which reproduces the experimentally observed evolution of shell thickness and canting angle between 10 and 300 K. The model is based on the concept of Td site reorientation and indicates that surface canting involves competition between magnetocrystalline, dipolar, exchange, and Zeeman energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Krycka
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - J A Borchers
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - R A Booth
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Y Ijiri
- Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, USA
| | - K Hasz
- Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, USA
| | - J J Rhyne
- U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S A Majetich
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Don-Wauchope AC, Santaguida PL, Oremus M, McKelvie R, Ali U, Brown JA, Bustamam A, Sohel N, Hill SA, Booth RA, Balion C, Raina P. Incremental predictive value of natriuretic peptides for prognosis in the chronic stable heart failure population: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2014; 19:521-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-014-9443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Don-Wauchope AC, Santaguida PL, McKelvie R, Brown JA, Oremus M, Ali U, Bustamam A, Sohel N, Hill SA, Booth RA, Balion C, Raina P. Prediction of clinical outcomes using B-type natriuretic peptides in the general population: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2014; 19:541-51. [PMID: 25052419 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-014-9446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of B-type natriuretic peptides to predict outcomes in general populations has been investigated in a number of primary studies. A previous systematic review considering natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular disease included a subgroup of general population studies, which suggested an association with a number of clinical outcomes. We electronically searched Medline, Embase, AMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL for English-language articles published between 1989 and mid-2012. We utilized trained reviewers and standardized forms to screen articles for inclusion and extract data from included articles. All included studies (n = 7) were summarized in narrative and tabular form. A general population was defined as one that was randomly selected from a community setting where no specific inclusion or exclusion criteria were specified. The seven included studies all used FDA approved assays for NT-proBNP. The range of clinical outcomes and heterogeneity did not allow for meta-analysis. The hazard ratios for predicting outcomes in the included studies ranged from 1.0 to 4.1 (all p values <0.05). The discrimination statistics reported in four studies all demonstrated statistically significant improvements in predicting outcomes. NT-proBNP is associated with heart failure, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and other combined cardiovascular events in a general unselected population. The discrimination statistics suggest modest improvements in risk stratification. No prospective studies exist to demonstrate the clinical utility of using B-type natriuretic peptides to predict clinical outcomes in a general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Don-Wauchope
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Booth RA, Hill SA, Don-Wauchope A, Santaguida PL, Oremus M, McKelvie R, Balion C, Brown JA, Ali U, Bustamam A, Sohel N, Raina P. Performance of BNP and NT-proBNP for diagnosis of heart failure in primary care patients: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2014; 19:439-51. [PMID: 24969534 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-014-9445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
National and international guidelines have been published recommending the use of natriuretic peptides as an aid to the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) in acute settings; however, few specific recommendations exist for governing the use of these peptides in primary care populations. To summarize the available data relevant to the diagnosis of HF in primary care patient population, we systematically reviewed the literature to identify original articles that investigated the diagnostic accuracy of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) in primary care settings. The search yielded 25,864 articles in total: 12 investigating BNP and 20 investigating NT-proBNP were relevant to our objective and included in the review. QUADAS-2 and GRADE were used to assess the quality of the included articles. Diagnostic data were pooled based on three cutpoints: lowest and optimal, as chosen by study authors, and manufacturers' suggested. The effect of various determinants (e.g., age, gender, BMI, and renal function) on diagnostic performance was also investigated. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of BNP and NT-proBNP using the lowest [0.85 (sensitivity) and 0.54 (specificity)], optimal (0.80 and 0.61), and manufacturers' (0.74 and 0.67) cutpoints showed good performance for diagnosing HF. Similar performance was seen for NT-proBNP: lowest (0.90 and 0.50), optimal (0.86 and 0.58), and manufacturers' (0.82 and 0.58) cutpoints. Overall, we rated the strength of evidence as high because further studies will be unlikely to change the estimates diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Booth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Balion C, McKelvie R, Don-Wauchope AC, Santaguida PL, Oremus M, Keshavarz H, Hill SA, Booth RA, Ali U, Brown JA, Bustamam A, Sohel N, Raina P. B-type natriuretic peptide-guided therapy: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2014; 19:553-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-014-9451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Johnston SD, Booth RA, Pyne M, Keeley T, Mackie JT, Hulse L, Ellis W. Preliminary study of faecal cortisol and corticosterone as an index of acute cortisol secretion in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Aust Vet J 2013; 91:534-537. [PMID: 31027400 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress can play a role in disease incidence in all species via immunosuppression and has been implicated as a contributing factor in significant infectious diseases of koalas. Faecal cortisol measurement may represent a non-invasive methodology for quantifying stress in koalas. METHODS We used an ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulation test (10 IU) to induce sustained secretion of cortisol, which was measured in serum samples from four koalas and subsequently it was attempted to locate a corresponding elevation in either cortisol or corticosterone measurements within the faeces. RESULTS Although ACTH administration resulted in an elevation of serum cortisol for at least 4 h post injection, it was not possible to identify a corresponding peak in corticosterone or cortisol concentrations in extracts from the faeces, consistent with the known gut transit time of the koala. CONCLUSION Faecal cortisol and corticosterone metabolites may not be reliable indices of acute changes in cortisol secretion in the koala and studies that attempt to use faecal cortisol as an index of stress will need to be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Johnston
- Wildlife Biology Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Australia
| | - R A Booth
- Manly Road Veterinary Hospital, Manly West, NSW, Australia
| | - M Pyne
- Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary, Currumbin, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Keeley
- Wildlife Reproduction Centre, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, NSW, Australia
| | - J T Mackie
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Hulse
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Ellis
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Kavsak PA, Allen LC, Apple FS, Booth RA, Chan PC, Delvin E, Fraser A, Fu L, Gornall D, Collier C, Hill S, Hoffman B, Huang Y, Lavoie J, Lou A, Mattman A, McQueen M, Meng QH, Oleschuk C, Pudek M, Randell E, Sohn KY, Thorlacius L, Yip PM, Dahdah N, Devereaux P, Dhesy-Thind S, Hotte SJ, Worster A. Cardiac troponin testing in the acute care setting: Ordering, reporting, and high sensitivity assays—An update from the Canadian society of clinical chemists (CSCC). Clin Biochem 2011; 44:1273-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Majetich SA, Wen T, Booth RA. Functional magnetic nanoparticle assemblies: formation, collective behavior, and future directions. ACS Nano 2011; 5:6081-6084. [PMID: 21823630 DOI: 10.1021/nn202883f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective describes recent progress in the development of functional magnetic nanoparticle assemblies. After describing the formation of two- and three-dimensional particle arrays in terms of the size-dependent driving forces, we focus on magnetic nanoparticle arrays. We discuss how the self-organized structure can modify the magnetic behavior, relative to that of isolated particles. We highlight an important development, described in this issue of ACS Nano by Kostiainen and co-workers, who have demonstrated not only the novel aqueous self-assembly of magnetic particles but also controlled and reversible disassembly. Finally, we explore two inter-related future directions for self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles: the formation of more complex, hierarchical structures and the integration of self-assembly with fabrication techniques for electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Majetich
- Physics Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890, USA.
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Loit E, Tricco AC, Tsouros S, Sears M, Ansari MT, Booth RA. Pre-analytic and analytic sources of variations in thiopurine methyltransferase activity measurement in patients prescribed thiopurine-based drugs: A systematic review. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:751-7. [PMID: 21402061 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) enzyme activity is associated with increased thiopurine drug toxicity, particularly myelotoxicity. Pre-analytic and analytic variables for TPMT genotype and phenotype (enzyme activity) testing were reviewed. DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic literature review was performed, and diagnostic laboratories were surveyed. RESULTS Thirty-five studies reported relevant data for pre-analytic variables (patient age, gender, race, hematocrit, co-morbidity, co-administered drugs and specimen stability) and thirty-three for analytic variables (accuracy, reproducibility). TPMT is stable in blood when stored for up to 7 days at room temperature, and 3 months at -30°C. Pre-analytic patient variables do not affect TPMT activity. Fifteen drugs studied to date exerted no clinically significant effects in vivo. Enzymatic assay is the preferred technique. Radiochemical and HPLC techniques had intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) below 10%. CONCLUSION TPMT is a stable enzyme, and its assay is not affected by age, gender, race or co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Loit
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Booth RA, Ansari MT, Loit E, Tricco AC, Weeks L, Doucette S, Skidmore B, Sears M, Sy R, Karsh J. Assessment of thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity in patients prescribed thiopurines: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2011; 154:814-23, W-295-8. [PMID: 21690596 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-12-201106210-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence for testing thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) enzymatic activity or genotype before starting therapy with thiopurine-based drugs is unclear. PURPOSE To examine the sensitivity and specificity of TPMT genotyping for TPMT enzymatic activity, reducing harm from thiopurine by pretesting, and the association of thiopurine toxicity with TPMT status in adults and children with chronic inflammatory diseases. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Ovid HealthSTAR (from inception to December 2010) and BIOSIS and Genetics Abstracts (to May 2009). STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers screened records and identified relevant studies in English. DATA EXTRACTION Data on patient characteristics, outcomes, and risk for bias were extracted by one reviewer and independently identified by another. DATA SYNTHESIS 54 observational studies and 1 randomized, controlled trial were included. Insufficient evidence addressed the effectiveness of pretesting. Genotyping sensitivity to identify patients with low and intermediate TPMT enzymatic activity ranged from 70.33% to 86.15% (lower-bound 95% CI, 54.52% to 70.88%; upper-bound CI, 78.50% to 96.33%). Sparse data precluded estimation of genotype sensitivity to identify patients with low to absent enzymatic activity. Genotyping specificity approached 100%. Compared with noncarriers, heterozygous and homozygous genotypes were both associated with leukopenia (odds ratios, 4.29 [CI, 2.67 to 6.89] and 20.84 [CI, 3.42 to 126.89], respectively). Compared with intermediate or normal activity, low TPMT enzymatic activity was significantly associated with myelotoxicity and leukopenia. LIMITATION Available evidence was not rigorous and was underpowered to detect a difference in outcomes. CONCLUSION Insufficient evidence addresses the effectiveness of TPMT pretesting in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Estimates of the sensitivity of genotyping are imprecise. Evidence confirms the known associations of leukopenia or myelotoxicity with reduced TPMT activity or variant genotype. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Booth
- Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Booth RA, Ansari MT, Tricco AC, Loit E, Weeks L, Doucette S, Skidmore B, Hoch JS, Tsouros S, Sears M, Sy R, Karsh J, Mani S, Galipeau J, Yurkiewich A, Daniel R, Tsertsvadze A, Yazdi F. Assessment of thiopurine methyltransferase activity in patients prescribed azathioprine or other thiopurine-based drugs. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 2010:1-282. [PMID: 23126559 PMCID: PMC4781432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether pretreatment determination of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) enzymatic activity (phenotyping) or TPMT genotype, to guide thiopurine therapy in chronic autoimmune disease patients, reduces treatment harms. Other objectives included assessing: preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic requirements for TPMT testing; diagnostic accuracy of TPMT genotyping versus phenotyping; association of thiopurine toxicity with TPMT genotypic or phenotypic status; and costs of testing, care, and treating drug-associated complications. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, and Healthstar were searched from inception to May 2010; the Cochrane Library® to October 2009; and BIOSIS®, Genetics Abstracts, and EconLit™ to May 2009, for English language records. REVIEW METHODS A reviewer screened records, and a second reviewer verified exclusions and subsequent selection of relevant studies. Studies in patients with leukemia and organ transplant were excluded. Additionally, laboratories that provide TPMT analytical services were surveyed to assess means of TPMT testing in practice. Where possible, risk of bias was assessed using standard criteria. Meta-analyses estimated diagnostic sensitivity, and specificity; and odds ratios of associations. RESULTS 1790 titles or abstracts, and 538 full text records were screened. 114 observational studies and one RCT were included. Majority of studies were rated fair quality, except for diagnostic studies with 37 percent of studies rated poor. In general, there were few patients who were homozygous (or compound heterozygous) for TPMT variant alleles in the included studies limiting applicability. There is insufficient evidence examining effectiveness of pretesting in terms of reduction in clinical adverse events. Sufficient preanalytical data were available regarding preferred specimen collection, stability and storage conditions for TPMT testing. There was no clinically significant effect of age, gender, various coadministered drugs, or most morbidities (with the exception of renal failure and dialysis). TPMT phenotyping methods had coefficients of variation generally below 10 percent. TPMT genotyping reproducibility is generally between 95-100 percent. The sensitivity of genotyping to identify patients with low or intermediate TPMT enzymatic activity is imprecise, ranging from 70.70 to 82.10 percent (95 percent CI, lower bound range 37.90 to 54.00 percent; upper bound range 84.60 to 96.90 percent). Sensitivity of homozygous TPMT genotype to correctly identify patients with low to absent enzymatic activity was 87.10 percent (95 percent CI 44.30 to 98.30 percent). Genotyping specificity approached 100 percent. Leukopenia was significantly associated with low and intermediate enzymatic activity (low activity OR 80.00, 95 percent CI 11.5 to 559; and intermediate activity OR 2.96, 95 percent CI 1.18 to 7.42), and homozygous and heterozygous TPMT variant allele genotype (OR 18.60, 95 percent CI 4.12 to 83.60; and 4.62, 95 percent CI 2.34 to 9.16, respectively). In general, TPMT phenotyping costs less than genotyping, although estimates across studies are quite heterogeneous. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient direct evidence regarding the effectiveness of pretesting of TPMT status in patients with chronic autoimmune diseases. Indirect evidence confirms strong association of leukopenia with lower levels of TPMT activity and carrier genotype already established in the literature.
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Milman N, Karsh J, Booth RA. Correlation of a multi-cytokine panel with clinical disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:1309-14. [PMID: 20655893 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore the potential use of a cytokine panel as biochemical markers of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. DESIGN AND METHODS 57 adult RA patients were assessed using five validated clinical disease activity tools: Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), standard 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), DAS28 using C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI). Plasma cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL1α, IL1β, MCP1, and EGF) were measured in 47 of the 57 patients and correlated with clinical indicators. RESULTS We found significant correlations between plasma levels of IL-6 and all clinical measures of disease activity; Spearman coefficients (p values) were: HAQ: 0.347(0.017); DAS28: 0.409(0.005); DAS-CRP: 0.378(0.011); CDAI: 0.312(0.033); SDAI: 0.310(0.039); ESR: 0.448(0.002); and CRP: 0.513(0.001). IFN-γ also correlated with DAS-CRP: 0.309(0.039) and SDAI: 0.301(0.044). Furthermore, the levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ increased significantly with worsening disease, as defined by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification of disease activity. CONCLUSION A significant correlation between plasma levels of IL-6 and clinical disease activity in patients with RA suggests a future role of IL6 as a disease activity marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Milman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa ON, Canada K1H 8M5
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Krycka KL, Booth RA, Hogg CR, Ijiri Y, Borchers JA, Chen WC, Watson SM, Laver M, Gentile TR, Dedon LR, Harris S, Rhyne JJ, Majetich SA. Core-shell magnetic morphology of structurally uniform magnetite nanoparticles. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:207203. [PMID: 20867056 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.207203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A new development in small-angle neutron scattering with polarization analysis allows us to directly extract the average spatial distributions of magnetic moments and their correlations with three-dimensional directional sensitivity in any magnetic field. Applied to a collection of spherical magnetite nanoparticles 9.0 nm in diameter, this enhanced method reveals uniformly canted, magnetically active shells in a nominally saturating field of 1.2 T. The shell thickness depends on temperature, and it disappears altogether when the external field is removed, confirming that these canted nanoparticle shells are magnetic, rather than structural, in origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Krycka
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Cole DEC, Yun FHJ, Wong BYL, Shuen AY, Booth RA, Scillitani A, Pidasheva S, Zhou X, Canaff L, Hendy GN. Calcium-sensing receptor mutations and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. J Mol Endocrinol 2009; 42:331-9. [PMID: 19179454 DOI: 10.1677/jme-08-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), a plasma membrane G-protein-coupled receptor, is expressed in parathyroid gland and kidney, and controls systemic calcium homeostasis. Inactivating CASR mutations are associated with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism, and activating mutations cause autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH). CASR mutation identification plays an important role in the clinical management of mineral metabolism disorders. We describe here a high-throughput method using screening with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) to initially interrogate 12 amplicons covering translated exons and exon/intron boundaries, followed by sequencing of any amplicon with a modified melting curve relative to wild type, and direct sequencing of a 13th amplicon encoding the COOH-terminal tail to distinguish causative mutations from three common missense single nucleotide polymorphisms. A blinded analysis of 32 positive controls representing mutations throughout the CASR sequence, as well as 22 negative controls, yielded a concordance rate of 100%. We report eight novel and five recurrent FHH mutations, along with six novel and two recurrent ADH mutations. Thus, DHPLC provides a rapid and effective means to screen for CASR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E C Cole
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Medicine, and Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Booth RA, Milman N, Karsh J. Clinical status and cytokine analysis of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) treated patients. Clin Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Booth RA, Sawchyn M. Case report: Pitfalls of false positive anti-GBM antibody ELISA results. Clin Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer, with approximately one million cases estimated world wide in 2006, resulting in more than 500,000 deaths. Approximately 40% of colorectal cancers are diagnosed with localized disease, which have approximately a 90% five-year survival rate. However, the prognosis worsens with advancing stage, and only 5% of patients diagnosed with distant metastases survive 5 years. Therefore, the need for early detection is clear. Currently, guaiac-based fecal-occult blood testing (gFOBT) in large population-based trials has been shown to reduce CRC-related mortality, but the sensitivity for detecting early disease is low. DNA-based fecal screening appears to have the potential to significantly increase sensitivity without decreasing specificity. This review will focus primarily on newer molecular-based biomarkers and their utility in screening large populations for CRC, predicting treatment efficacy and providing prognostic information related to survival and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Booth
- Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6.
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Phillips KP, Petrunewich MAF, Collins JL, Booth RA, Liu XJ, Baltz JM. Inhibition of MEK or cdc2 kinase parthenogenetically activates mouse eggs and yields the same phenotypes as Mos(-/-) parthenogenotes. Dev Biol 2002; 247:210-23. [PMID: 12074563 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2002.0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian eggs are arrested in metaphase II of meiosis until fertilization. Arrest is maintained by cytostatic factor (CSF) activity, which is dependent on the MOS-MEK-MAPK pathway. Inhibition of MEK1/2 with a specific inhibitor, U0126, parthenogenetically activated mouse eggs, producing phenotypes similar to Mos(-/-) parthenogenotes (premature, unequal cleavages and large polar bodies). U0126 inactivated MAPK in eggs within 1 h, in contrast to the 5 h required after fertilization, while the time course of MPF inactivation was similar in U0126-activated and fertilized eggs. We also found that inactivation of MPF by the cdc2 kinase inhibitor roscovitine induced parthenogenetic activation. Inactivation of MPF by roscovitine resulted in the subsequent inactivation of MAPK with a time course similar to that following fertilization. Notably, roscovitine also produced some Mos(-/-)-like phenotypes, indistinguishable from U0126 parthenogenotes. Simultaneous inhibition of both MPF and MAPK in eggs treated with roscovitine and U0126 produced a very high proportion of eggs with the more severe phenotype. These findings confirm that MEK is a required component of CSF in mammalian eggs and imply that the sequential inactivation of MPF followed by MAPK inactivation is required for normal spindle function and polar body emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Phillips
- Ottawa Health Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Several recent studies have demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) activation is abolished by pertussis toxin, suggesting that trimeric G proteins of the G(i) class are novel cellular targets of the IGF-1 signaling pathway. We report here that the intracellular domain of the Xenopus IGF-1 receptor is capable of binding to the Xenopus homolog of mammalian GIPC, a PDZ domain-containing protein previously identified as a binding partner of G(i)-specific GAP (RGS-GAIP). Binding of xGIPC to xIGF-1 receptor is independent of the kinase activity of the receptor and appears to require the PDZ domain of xGIPC. Injection of two C-terminal truncation mutants that retained the PDZ domain blocked IGF-1-induced Xenopus MAP kinase activation and oocyte maturation. While full-length xGIPC injection did not significantly alter insulin response, it greatly enhanced human RGS-GAIP in stimulating the insulin response in frog oocytes. This represents the first demonstration that GIPC x RGS-GAIP complex acts positively in IGF-1 receptor signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Booth
- Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa K1Y 4E9, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone induces the resumption of meiosis (maturation) in Xenopus oocytes through a nongenomic mechanism involving inhibition of an oocyte adenylyl cyclase and reduction of intracellular cAMP. However, progesterone action in Xenopus oocytes is not blocked by pertussis toxin, and this finding indicates that the inhibition of the oocyte adenylyl cyclase is not mediated by the alpha subunits of classical G(i)-type G proteins. RESULTS To investigate the possibility that G protein betagamma subunits, rather than alpha subunits, play a key role in regulating oocyte maturation, we have employed two structurally distinct G protein betagamma scavengers (G(t)alpha and betaARK-C(CAAX)) to sequester free Gbetagamma dimers. We demonstrated that the injection of mRNA encoding either of these Gbetagamma scavengers induced oocyte maturation. The Gbetagamma scavengers bound an endogenous, membrane-associated Gbeta subunit, indistinguishable from Xenopus Gbeta1 derived from mRNA injection. The injection of Xenopus Gbeta1 mRNA, together with bovine Ggamma2 mRNA, elevated oocyte cAMP levels and inhibited progesterone-induced oocyte maturation. CONCLUSION An endogenous G protein betagamma dimer, likely including Xenopus Gbeta1, is responsible for maintaining oocyte meiosis arrest. Resumption of meiosis is induced by Gbetagamma scavengers in vitro or, naturally, by progesterone via a mechanism that suppresses the release of Gbetagamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sheng
- Loeb Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, K1Y 4E9, Ottawa, Canada
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Bayaa M, Booth RA, Sheng Y, Liu XJ. The classical progesterone receptor mediates Xenopus oocyte maturation through a nongenomic mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:12607-12. [PMID: 11050156 PMCID: PMC18811 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.220302597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenopus laevis oocytes are physiologically arrested at G(2) of meiosis I. Resumption of meiosis, or oocyte maturation, is triggered by progesterone. Progesterone-induced Xenopus oocyte maturation is mediated via an extranuclear receptor and is independent of gene transcription. The identity of this extranuclear oocyte progesterone receptor (PR), however, has remained a longstanding problem. We have isolated the amphibian homologue of human PR from a Xenopus oocyte cDNA library. The cloned Xenopus progesterone receptor (xPR) functioned in heterologous cells as a progesterone-regulated transcription activator. However, endogenous xPR was excluded from the oocyte nucleus and instead appeared to be a cytosolic protein not associated with any membrane structures. Injection of xPR mRNA into Xenopus oocytes accelerated the progesterone-induced oocyte maturation and reduced the required concentrations of progesterone. In enucleated oocytes, xPR accelerated the progesterone-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. These data suggest that xPR is the long sought after Xenopus oocyte receptor responsible for progesterone-induced oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bayaa
- Loeb Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Abstract
TRK-fused gene (TFG) was originally identified in humans as the N-terminus of an oncogenic fusion protein TRK-T3, associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma. An amino-terminal coiled coil domain of TFG is responsible for mediating oligomerization of the TRK-T3 oncoprotein, resulting in constitutive activation of the TRK protein tyrosine kinase and oncogenesis. We have cloned the Xenopus laevis homologue of TFG and demonstrated that xTFG was highly expressed in the cement gland of tailbud embryos. Overexpression of xTFG2-136 (including the coiled coil domain) in early embryos, via mRNA microinjection as well as transgenic expression using the recently described restriction enzyme mediated integration (REMI) transgenesis, did not alter embryonic development or development of a functional cement gland, despite clear evidence that xTFG2-136 strongly interacted with endogenous xTFG. Finally, we have identified a potential SH3 binding motif in xTFG (and in TFG) and have demonstrated that xTFG selectively interacted with SH3 domains of Src, PLCgamma, and the p85 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ohan
- Loeb Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Nash
- Department of Surgery, Kingston Hospital, Surrey, UK
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Nikolova-Karakashian MN, Russell RW, Booth RA, Jenden DJ, Merrill AH. Sphingomyelin metabolism in rat liver after chronic dietary replacement of choline by N-aminodeanol. J Lipid Res 1997; 38:1764-70. [PMID: 9323586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) is a structural element of cell membranes and lipoproteins, and participates in signal transduction. To determine whether a choline analog (N-amino-N,N-dimethylaminoethanol, N-aminodeanol, NADe) can be substituted for choline in the SM of liver, rats (male, Sprague-Dawley-derived) were fed a diet that was low in choline and methionine, and contained 35.5 mmol of NADe/kg. After 18 months, liver plasma membranes and microsomes contained 48.9 +/- 3.6 and 93.6 +/- 6.9 nmol/mg protein of phosphatidyl-NADe, respectively, and 3.2 +/- 0.2 and 3.5 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg protein of ceramide phospho-NADe. The SM content of microsomes from NADe-fed rats was about one-third lower than for the control, and phosphatidylcholine (PC) was reduced by < 10%; there was also a small decrease in PC, but not SM, in plasma membranes. In vitro assays of enzymes involved in SM metabolism found no change in PC:ceramide cholinephosphotransferase, but the NADe-fed animals had higher phosphatidylethanolamine:ceramide ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity, greater incorporation of methyl groups from [methyl-3H]-S-adenosyl methionine into SM, and a lower neutral sphingomyelinase activity. These results show that NADe-fed rats from considerable amounts of ceramide phospho- and phosphatidyl-NADe; however, liver plasma membranes retain relatively normal levels of PC and SM, perhaps due to increases in the de novo pathway for SM synthesis and decreases in SM turnover.
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