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Heilpern SA, Sethi SA, Barthem RB, Batista VDS, Doria CRC, Duponchelle F, Vasquez AG, Goulding M, Isaac V, Naeem S, Flecker AS. Biodiversity underpins fisheries resilience to exploitation in the Amazon river basin. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220726. [PMID: 35673861 PMCID: PMC9174703 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inland fisheries feed greater than 150 million people globally, yet their status is rarely assessed due to their socio-ecological complexity and pervasive lack of data. Here, we leverage an unprecedented landings time series from the Amazon, Earth's largest river basin, together with theoretical food web models to examine (i) taxonomic and trait-based signatures of exploitation in inland fish landings and (ii) implications of changing biodiversity for fisheries resilience. In both landings time series and theory, we find that multi-species exploitation of diverse inland fisheries results in a hump-shaped landings evenness curve. Along this trajectory, abundant and large species are sequentially replaced with faster growing and smaller species. Further theoretical analysis indicates that harvests can be maintained for a period of time but that continued biodiversity depletion reduces the pool of compensating species and consequently diminishes fisheries resilience. Critically, higher fisheries biodiversity can delay fishery collapse. Although existing landings data provide an incomplete snapshot of long-term dynamics, our results suggest that multi-species exploitation is affecting freshwater biodiversity and eroding fisheries resilience in the Amazon. More broadly, we conclude that trends in landings evenness could characterize multi-species fisheries development and aid in assessing their sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Heilpern
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Suresh A. Sethi
- U.S. Geological Survey, New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Carolina R. C. Doria
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil,Laboratoire Mixte International – Evolution et Domestication de l'Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI - EDIA), IIAP - UAGRM – IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Duponchelle
- Laboratoire Mixte International – Evolution et Domestication de l'Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI - EDIA), IIAP - UAGRM – IRD, Montpellier, France,Institute of Research for Development (IRD), MARBEC (Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Aurea García Vasquez
- Laboratoire Mixte International – Evolution et Domestication de l'Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI - EDIA), IIAP - UAGRM – IRD, Montpellier, France,Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - Victoria Isaac
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Shahid Naeem
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander S. Flecker
- Deparment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Hahn L, Silva PC, Malabarba MC, Malabarba LR, Câmara LFD, Nunes LD, Machado LS, Martins EG, Barthem RB. Genetics and telemetry indicate unexpected movements among structured populations for Brachyplatystoma platynemum in the Amazon. J Fish Biol 2019; 95:633-637. [PMID: 30963582 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genetic analysis of Brachyplatystoma platynemum individuals sampled from the lower Madeira River reinforces the existence of two structured populations in the Amazon Basin (Madeira and Amazon populations). However, the recapture of an individual from the Amazon population in the Solimões River, which was telemetry-tagged in the Madeira River after the damming, indicates that fish from the Amazon population move between the two river systems. This has not yet been observed, however, in the Madeira River population, which is currently divided and isolated in the lower and upper Madeira River by the construction of two dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane Hahn
- Divisão de Pesquisas, Neotropical Consultoria Ambiental, Rua Cesário Rosseto, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla C Silva
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Maria C Malabarba
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Malabarba
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luís F Da Câmara
- Divisão de Pesquisas, Neotropical Consultoria Ambiental, Rua Cesário Rosseto, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo D Nunes
- Divisão de Pesquisas, Neotropical Consultoria Ambiental, Rua Cesário Rosseto, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Machado
- Divisão de Pesquisas, Neotropical Consultoria Ambiental, Rua Cesário Rosseto, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G Martins
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), Prince George, Canada
| | - Ronaldo B Barthem
- Departamento de Zoologia/Ictiologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
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Forsberg BR, Melack JM, Dunne T, Barthem RB, Goulding M, Paiva RCD, Sorribas MV, Silva UL, Weisser S. The potential impact of new Andean dams on Amazon fluvial ecosystems. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182254. [PMID: 28832638 PMCID: PMC5568116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased energy demand has led to plans for building many new dams in the western Amazon, mostly in the Andean region. Historical data and mechanistic scenarios are used to examine potential impacts above and below six of the largest dams planned for the region, including reductions in downstream sediment and nutrient supplies, changes in downstream flood pulse, changes in upstream and downstream fish yields, reservoir siltation, greenhouse gas emissions and mercury contamination. Together, these six dams are predicted to reduce the supply of sediments, phosphorus and nitrogen from the Andean region by 69, 67 and 57% and to the entire Amazon basin by 64, 51 and 23%, respectively. These large reductions in sediment and nutrient supplies will have major impacts on channel geomorphology, floodplain fertility and aquatic productivity. These effects will be greatest near the dams and extend to the lowland floodplains. Attenuation of the downstream flood pulse is expected to alter the survival, phenology and growth of floodplain vegetation and reduce fish yields below the dams. Reservoir filling times due to siltation are predicted to vary from 106-6240 years, affecting the storage performance of some dams. Total CO2 equivalent carbon emission from 4 Andean dams was expected to average 10 Tg y-1 during the first 30 years of operation, resulting in a MegaWatt weighted Carbon Emission Factor of 0.139 tons C MWhr-1. Mercury contamination in fish and local human populations is expected to increase both above and below the dams creating significant health risks. Reservoir fish yields will compensate some downstream losses, but increased mercury contamination could offset these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R. Forsberg
- Environmental Dynamics Department, National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - John M. Melack
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Dunne
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | | | - Michael Goulding
- Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo C. D. Paiva
- Institute of Hydraulic Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mino V. Sorribas
- Institute of Hydraulic Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Urbano L. Silva
- National Center for Research and Conservation of Amazon Biodiversity, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Sabine Weisser
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Barthem RB, Goulding M, Leite RG, Cañas C, Forsberg B, Venticinque E, Petry P, Ribeiro MLDB, Chuctaya J, Mercado A. Goliath catfish spawning in the far western Amazon confirmed by the distribution of mature adults, drifting larvae and migrating juveniles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41784. [PMID: 28165499 PMCID: PMC5292968 DOI: 10.1038/srep41784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We mapped the inferred long-distance migrations of four species of Amazonian goliath catfishes (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii, B. platynemum, B. juruense and B. vaillantii) based on the presence of individuals with mature gonads and conducted statistical analysis of the expected long-distance downstream migrations of their larvae and juveniles. By linking the distribution of larval, juvenile and mature adult size classes across the Amazon, the results showed: (i) that the main spawning regions of these goliath catfish species are in the western Amazon; (ii) at least three species—B. rousseauxii, B. platynemum, and B. juruense—spawn partially or mainly as far upstream as the Andes; (iii) the main spawning area of B. rousseauxii is in or near the Andes; and (iv) the life history migration distances of B. rousseauxii are the longest strictly freshwater fish migrations in the world. These results provide an empirical baseline for tagging experiments, life histories extrapolated from otolith microchemistry interpretations and other methods to establish goliath catfish migratory routes, their seasonal timing and possible return (homing) to western headwater tributaries where they were born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo B Barthem
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (Belém, Pará, Brazil), Caixa Postal 399, Belém, 66040-170, PA, Brazil
| | - Michael Goulding
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, 10460, New York, USA
| | - Rosseval G Leite
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Cx Postal 478, Manaus, AM, 69011-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos Cañas
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, 10460, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Forsberg
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Cx Postal 478, Manaus, AM, 69011-970, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Venticinque
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Depto. de Ecologia, 59072-970 - Natal, RN - Brazil
| | - Paulo Petry
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC), 4245 Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA, 22203 &Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, MA, Cambridge, USA
| | - Mauro L de B Ribeiro
- Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, DF 001, KM 38 - C.P. 8588, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Junior Chuctaya
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Post-graduate Programme of Animal Biology, Laboratório de Ictiologia Departamento de Zoologia - UFRGS Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Bloco IV - Prédio 43435 CEP 91509-900 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
| | - Armando Mercado
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, 10460, New York, USA
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Freitas TMS, Montag LFA, Barthem RB. Distribution, feeding and ecomorphology of four species of Auchenipteridae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. Iheringia, Sér Zool 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2017008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fish exhibit morphological, physiological and behavioral specializations which enable them to display different ways to explore the environments and resources. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify how four Auchenipteridae species differ in the distribution, feeding habits and morphological traits: Auchenipterichthys longimanus (Günther, 1864), Auchenipterus nuchalis (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), Tatia intermedia (Steindachner, 1877) and Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766). This study was conducted in rivers and bays of the Anapú Basin, Pará State (Brazil), where these species are abundant. Specimens were collected using gillnets, and after caught the stomachs were removed for the contents analyzes. Eighteen morphometric measurements from ten adult specimens of each species were taken, combined into fifteen ecomorphological attributes. The species distribution showed that A. longimanus was restricted to rivers, while the others were exclusively caught in the bays. All four species had their diet composed of allochthonous insects, but A. longimanus also exhibited a great frugivorous habit. The most important ecomorphological attributes were relative to the consumption of larger food items (for A. longimanus and T. galeatus) and to the longer swimming capacity (for A. longimanus and T. intermedia). These morphological differences and the trophic diversity presented in this study highlighted some important information about how ecomorphological similar species behave and share resources, which may play a significant role on the coexistence of these species in the Anapú Basin.
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Magalhães Filho TR, Weig KM, Costa MF, Werneck MM, Barthem RB, Costa Neto CA. Effect of LED-LCU light irradiance distribution on mechanical properties of resin based materials. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2016; 63:301-7. [PMID: 27040223 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the light power distribution along the tip end of the light guide of three LED-LCUs (Light Curing Units) and to evaluate its effect on the mechanical properties of a polymer based dental composite. Firstly, the light power distribution over the whole area of LED-LCU light guide surface was analyzed by three methods: visual projection observation, spectral measurement and optical spectral analysis (OSA). The light power distribution and the total irradiance were different for the three LEDs used, but the wavelength was within the camphorquinone absorption spectrum. The use of a blank sheet was quite on hand to make a qualitative analysis of a beam, and it is costless. Secondly, specimens of a hybrid composite with approximately 8mm diameter and 2mm thickness were produced and polymerized by 20s exposition time to each LED-LCU. Thirdly, the elastic modulus (E) and hardness (HV) were measured throughout the irradiated area by instrumented micro-indentation test (IIT), allowing to correlate localized power and mechanical properties. Both E and HV showed to be very sensitive to local power and wavelength dependent, but they followed the beam power profile. It was also shown that the mechanical properties could be directly correlated to the curing process. Very steep differences in mechanical properties over very short distances may impair the material performance, since residual stresses can easily be built over it.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Magalhães Filho
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua São Paulo 28, CEP 24020-150 Niterói, Brazil; Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68505, CEP: 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - K M Weig
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua São Paulo 28, CEP 24020-150 Niterói, Brazil; Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68505, CEP: 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M F Costa
- Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68505, CEP: 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M M Werneck
- Engenharia Elétrica (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68504, CEP: 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R B Barthem
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68528, CEP: 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C A Costa Neto
- Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68505, CEP: 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Telles MPC, Collevatti RG, Braga RS, Guedes LBS, Castro TG, Costa MC, Silva-Júnior NJ, Barthem RB, Diniz-Filho JAF. Geographical genetics of Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (Castelnau, 1855) (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) in the Amazon Basin. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:3656-66. [PMID: 24854445 DOI: 10.4238/2014.may.9.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Geographical genetics allows the evaluation of evolutionary processes underlying genetic variation within and among local populations and forms the basis for establishing more effective strategies for biodiversity conservation at the population level. In this study, we used explicit spatial analyses to investigate molecular genetic variation (estimated using 7 microsatellite markers) of Pseudoplatystoma punctifer, by using samples obtained from 15 localities along the Madeira River and Solimões, Amazon Basin. A high genetic diversity was observed associated with a relatively low FST (0.057; P < 0.001), but pairwise FST values ranged from zero up to 0.21 when some pairs of populations were compared. These FST values have a relatively low correlation with geographic distances (r = 0.343; P = 0.074 by Mantel test), but a Mantel correlogram revealed that close populations (up to 80 km) tended to be more similar than expected by chance (r = 0.360; P = 0.015). The correlogram also showed a exponential-like decrease of genetic similarity with distance, with a patch-size of around 200 km, compatible with isolation-by-distance and analogous processes related to local constraints of dispersal and spatially structured levels of gene flow. The pattern revealed herein has important implications for establishing strategies to maintain genetic diversity in the species, especially considering the threats due to human impacts caused by building large dams in this river system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P C Telles
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - R G Collevatti
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - R S Braga
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - L B S Guedes
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - T G Castro
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - M C Costa
- Systema Naturae Consultoria Ambiental LTDA, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | | | - R B Barthem
- Departamento de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Costa LRF, Barthem RB, Albernaz AL, Bittencourt MM, Villacorta-Corrêa MA. Modelling the growth of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) in floodplain lakes: model selection and multimodel inference. BRAZ J BIOL 2013; 73:397-403. [PMID: 23917568 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842013000200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is one of the most commercially valuable Amazonian fish species, and in the floodplains of the region, they are caught in both rivers and lakes. Most growth studies on this species to date have adjusted only one growth model, the von Bertalanffy, without considering its possible uncertainties. In this study, four different models (von Bertalanffy, Logistic, Gompertz and the general model of Schnüte-Richards) were adjusted to a data set of fish caught within lakes from the middle Solimões River. These models were adjusted by non-linear equations, using the sample size of each age class as its weight. The adjustment evaluation of each model was based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the variation of AIC between the models (Δi) and the evidence weights (wi). Both the Logistic (Δi = 0.0) and Gompertz (Δi = 1.12) models were supported by the data, but neither of them was clearly superior (wi, respectively 52.44 and 29.95%). Thus, we propose the use of an averaged-model to estimate the asymptotic length (L∞). The averaged-model, based on Logistic and Gompertz models, resulted in an estimate of L∞=90.36, indicating that the tambaqui would take approximately 25 years to reach average size.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R F Costa
- Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - MPEG, CP 399, Terra-Firme, CEP 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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