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Lin LM, Peng F, Liu YP, Chai DJ, Ning RB, Xu CS, Lin JX. Coadministration of VDR and RXR agonists synergistically alleviates atherosclerosis through inhibition of oxidative stress: An in vivo and in vitro study. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:273-281. [PMID: 27428295 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes contributes to atherosclerosis partially through induction of oxidative stress. Both vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists exhibit anti-atherogenic effects. METHODS We explored the effects of combination treatment with VDR and RXR agonists (represented by calcitriol and bexarotene, respectively) on atherosclerosis progression and the mechanisms involved, using a diabetes model of mice. The animals were intragastrically fed calcitriol (200 ng/kg, twice-a-week), bexarotene (10 mg/kg, once-daily) either alone or in combination for 12 weeks. RESULTS VDR and RXR agonists delayed atherosclerosis progression independent of serum lipid and glucose levels, and significantly reduced the protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit gp91phox and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65, as well as plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Combination therapy alleviated atherosclerosis and inhibited indexes of oxidative stress and inflammation to a greater extent than either monotherapy. In the in vitro study, naturally occurring VDR ligand 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3) and RXR ligand 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis-RA), both significantly inhibited high-glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Co-administration of VDR and RXR ligands produced synergistic protection against endothelial apoptosis by antagonizing the protein kinase C /NADPH oxidase/reactive oxygen species pathway. The inhibitory effects of 9-cis-RA on oxidative stress was attenuated when VDR was downregulated by VDR siRNA; however, downregulation of RXR by RXR siRNA imposed no influence on the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with VDR and RXR agonists synergistically alleviated diabetic atherosclerosis through inhibition of oxidative stress, and the preventive effects of RXR agonist may partially depend on VDR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - F Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Y P Liu
- Department of Coronary Care Unit, The Central Hospital of Zhurnadian City, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - D J Chai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - R B Ning
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - C S Xu
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - J X Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Li JJ, Li W, Xu GR, Xu KJ, Ye P, Quan Y, Ning RB, Gao HJ, He QJ, Zhou Y, Wu WP. Analysis on Serum Trace Element Levels of Echinococciasis Patients in Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan, China, 2011. Biomed Environ Sci 2015; 28:683-686. [PMID: 26464257 DOI: 10.3967/bes2015.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Garze Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Sichuan province, China, 41 echinococciasis patients who had received surgical treatment were recruited in the study, and 82 health persons who had lived in Garze for at least 10 years were selected as controls. The serum levels of Zn, Se and Cu of the cases and controls were detected. The results showed that most echinococciasis cases were distributed in Shiqu county (17.1%, 7/41), and only 1 case was distributed in Yajiang county (2.4%). The male to female ratio of the cases was 1:1.56. The echinococciasis patients were mainly aged 30-39 years (36.59%, 15/41). And, the cases aged 20-49 years accounted for 68.29% (28/41). Compared with health controls, the serum levels of Zn and Se of the cases significantly declined. However, the serum level of Cu of the cases had no significantly change. It was confirmed that the serum levels of Zn and Se were interrelated with the prevalence of echinococciasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jian Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Li
- Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Echinococciasis Prevention and research Base of National Institute of Parasitic Disease of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kangding 626000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guang Rong Xu
- Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Echinococciasis Prevention and research Base of National Institute of Parasitic Disease of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kangding 626000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Jun Xu
- Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Echinococciasis Prevention and research Base of National Institute of Parasitic Disease of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kangding 626000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Echinococciasis Prevention and research Base of National Institute of Parasitic Disease of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kangding 626000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Quan
- Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Echinococciasis Prevention and research Base of National Institute of Parasitic Disease of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kangding 626000, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Bing Ning
- Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Echinococciasis Prevention and research Base of National Institute of Parasitic Disease of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kangding 626000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Jun Gao
- Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Echinococciasis Prevention and research Base of National Institute of Parasitic Disease of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kangding 626000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Jun He
- Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Echinococciasis Prevention and research Base of National Institute of Parasitic Disease of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kangding 626000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Echinococciasis Prevention and research Base of National Institute of Parasitic Disease of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kangding 626000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Ping Wu
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Collaboration Centre for Malaria, Schistosomasis and Filaraiasis, Shanghai 200025, China
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