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Multari DH, Ravishankar P, Sullivan GJ, Power RK, Lord C, Fraser JA, Haynes PA. Proteomics dataset from 26th Dynasty Egyptian mummified remains sampled using minimally invasive skin sampling tape strips. Data Brief 2022; 45:108562. [PMID: 36118295 PMCID: PMC9478331 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paleoproteomics typically involves the destructive sampling of precious bioarchaeological materials. This analysis aims to investigate the proteins identifiable via nanoLC-MS/MS from highly degraded 26th Dynasty Egyptian mummified human remains (NMR.29.1-8) after non-destructive sampling with commercially available dermatology-grade skin sampling tape strips. A collection of cranial and other bone fragments were sampled with the tape strips then subsequently analysed using a shotgun proteomics approach. The number of proteins identified using this method ranged from 18 to 437 at a peptide FDR of <1%. Deamidation ratios were assessed using an in-house R script, with asparagine deamidation averaging ∼20–30% and glutamine deamidation averaging ∼15–25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan H. Multari
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University1, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Prathiba Ravishankar
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University1, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | - Ronika K. Power
- Department of History and Archaeology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre for Ancient Cultural Heritage and Environment, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Constance Lord
- Chau Chak Wing Museum, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Paul A. Haynes
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University1, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre for Ancient Cultural Heritage and Environment, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Corresponding author at: School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. @HaynesLabMQ
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Massingham S, Power RK. Interventive dental therapy in Ancient Egypt (ca. 2686 BCE - AD 323): A critical review. Int J Paleopathol 2022; 38:64-75. [PMID: 35816771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper critically reviews the history of research concerning ancient Egyptian interventive dental therapy between the Old Kingdom - Graeco-Roman Period (c. 2686 BCE-AD 323), concentrating on the published osteological evidence. MATERIALS Eight osteological examples reportedly exhibiting markers of interventive dental therapy, including a mandible presenting purported evidence for a drilling procedure for the relief of an abscess; four dental bridges; a maxilla with multiple teeth extracted; and two carious lesion fillings. METHODS Previous claims are critically reviewed using a qualitative research method involving collecting and critiquing published data, both primary evidence and relevant secondary literature. CONCLUSIONS Without further scientific analysis, only four specimens can currently be plausibly attributed to ancient Egyptian interventive dental therapy including the Tura el-Asmant Bridge, the enucleation described for a Graeco-Roman child, and two carious lesion fillings identified in the mummified individuals known as the 'Redpath Mummy' (RM2718) and 'Sekhem' (AIG3343). SIGNIFICANCE Several enduring historiographical and museological problems within the discourse are identified, revising our understanding of the nature and scope of ancient Egyptian interventive dental therapy based on currently known osteological evidence. LIMITATIONS This review relies on the published documentation for each osteological example, namely images, which in several cases are poor quality. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH There is significant opportunity for further scientific analysis of the osteological evidence discussed. In each case, specific potential methods to improve our understanding and interpretation have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Massingham
- Department of History and Archaeology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Ronika K Power
- Department of History and Archaeology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Ariano B, Mattiangeli V, Breslin EM, Parkinson EW, McLaughlin TR, Thompson JE, Power RK, Stock JT, Mercieca-Spiteri B, Stoddart S, Malone C, Gopalakrishnan S, Cassidy LM, Bradley DG. Ancient Maltese genomes and the genetic geography of Neolithic Europe. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2668-2680.e6. [PMID: 35588742 PMCID: PMC9245899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Archaeological consideration of maritime connectivity has ranged from a biogeographical perspective that considers the sea as a barrier to a view of seaways as ancient highways that facilitate exchange. Our results illustrate the former. We report three Late Neolithic human genomes from the Mediterranean island of Malta that are markedly enriched for runs of homozygosity, indicating inbreeding in their ancestry and an effective population size of only hundreds, a striking illustration of maritime isolation in this agricultural society. In the Late Neolithic, communities across mainland Europe experienced a resurgence of hunter-gatherer ancestry, pointing toward the persistence of different ancestral strands that subsequently admixed. This is absent in the Maltese genomes, giving a further indication of their genomic insularity. Imputation of genome-wide genotypes in our new and 258 published ancient individuals allowed shared identity-by-descent segment analysis, giving a fine-grained genetic geography of Neolithic Europe. This highlights the differentiating effects of seafaring Mediterranean expansion and also island colonization, including that of Ireland, Britain, and Orkney. These maritime effects contrast profoundly with a lack of migratory barriers in the establishment of Central European farming populations from Anatolia and the Balkans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ariano
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Emily M Breslin
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eóin W Parkinson
- Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Malta, Msida 2080, Malta
| | - T Rowan McLaughlin
- Department of Scientific Research, The British Museum, Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3DG, UK
| | - Jess E Thompson
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Ronika K Power
- Department of History and Archaeology, Macquarie University, 25B Wally's Walk, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jay T Stock
- Department of Anthropology, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
| | | | - Simon Stoddart
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Caroline Malone
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Elmwood Avenue, Belfast, UK
| | - Shyam Gopalakrishnan
- GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 København K, Denmark.
| | - Lara M Cassidy
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Daniel G Bradley
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Sowada K, Power RK, Jacobsen G, Murphy T, McClymont A, Bertuch F, Jenkinson A, Carruthers J, Magnussen J. Multidisciplinary discovery of ancient restoration using a rare mud carapace on a mummified individual from late New Kingdom Egypt. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245247. [PMID: 33534798 PMCID: PMC7857556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CT scans of an unnamed mummified adult from Egypt, now in the Chau Chak Wing Museum, University of Sydney (NMR.27.3), reveal it to be fully sheathed in a mud shell or carapace, exposing a mortuary treatment not previously documented in the Egyptian archaeological record. The carapace was placed between layers of linen wrappings thus it was not externally visible. Radiocarbon dating of textile samples provide a range of c.1370-1113 cal BC (95.4% probability), with a median date of 1207 cal BC. When assessed against mummification techniques of the era, the individual is placed in the late 19th-20th Dynasty, at the later end of this date range. Multi-proxy analysis including μ-XRF and Raman spectroscopy of carapace fragments from the head area revealed it to consist of three layers, comprising a thin base layer of mud, coated with a white calcite-based pigment and a red-painted surface of mixed composition. Whether the whole surface of the carapace was painted red is unknown. The carapace was a form of ancient conservation applied subsequent to post-mortem damage to the body, intended to reconfigure the body and enable continued existence of the deceased in the afterlife. The carapace can also be interpreted as a form of elite emulation imitating resin shells found within the wrappings of royal bodies from this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Sowada
- Department of History and Archaeology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ronika K. Power
- Department of History and Archaeology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine Jacobsen
- Centre for Accelerator Science, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy Murphy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alice McClymont
- Department of History and Archaeology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona Bertuch
- Centre for Accelerator Science, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Jenkinson
- Centre for Accelerator Science, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacinta Carruthers
- Department of History and Archaeology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Magnussen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Mirazón Lahr M, Rivera F, Power RK, Mounier A, Copsey B, Crivellaro F, Edung JE, Maillo Fernandez JM, Kiarie C, Lawrence J, Leakey A, Mbua E, Miller H, Muigai A, Mukhongo DM, Van Baelen A, Wood R, Schwenninger JL, Grün R, Achyuthan H, Wilshaw A, Foley RA. Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya. Nature 2016; 529:394-8. [PMID: 26791728 DOI: 10.1038/nature16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nature of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers remains disputed, with arguments in favour and against the existence of warfare before the development of sedentary societies. Here we report on a case of inter-group violence towards a group of hunter-gatherers from Nataruk, west of Lake Turkana, which during the late Pleistocene/early Holocene period extended about 30 km beyond its present-day shore. Ten of the twelve articulated skeletons found at Nataruk show evidence of having died violently at the edge of a lagoon, into which some of the bodies fell. The remains from Nataruk are unique, preserved by the particular conditions of the lagoon with no evidence of deliberate burial. They offer a rare glimpse into the life and death of past foraging people, and evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mirazón Lahr
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK.,Turkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - F Rivera
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - R K Power
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - A Mounier
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - B Copsey
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - F Crivellaro
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - J E Edung
- National Museums of Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta House, PO Box 152-30500, Lodwar, Kenya
| | - J M Maillo Fernandez
- Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueologia, UNED, c/ Paseo Senda del Rey, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Kiarie
- Turkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J Lawrence
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - A Leakey
- Turkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - E Mbua
- National Museums of Kenya, PO Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - H Miller
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - A Muigai
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - D M Mukhongo
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - A Van Baelen
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - R Wood
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Building 142, Mills Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - J-L Schwenninger
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - R Grün
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Building 142, Mills Road, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Research Centre for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - H Achyuthan
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - A Wilshaw
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
| | - R A Foley
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK.,Turkana Basin Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Abstract
In pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy, a lock-in amplifier is used to monitor the signal which is phase-matched to the duty cycle of an applied sequence of pulses. However, since the desired signals reside atop a much larger amplitude-modulated signal, lock-in amplification methods are difficult to use. Commerically available photon counters are of limited use, because the pulsed ODMR method requires sequential counting over several time intervals, often with minimum time delay between the intervals. The multiaccumulator photon counter described here is capable of such sequential counting over as many as four intervals. The microprocessor which controls the counter algebraically manipulates the photon counts during each of the duty cycles. The result is an inexpensive yet versatile photon counter which is suited for pulsed ODMR and other applications in which sequential counting is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Power
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67208, USA
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