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Zhang C, Atanasov KE, Murillo E, Vives-Peris V, Zhao J, Deng C, Gómez-Cadenas A, Alcázar R. Spermine deficiency shifts the balance between jasmonic acid and salicylic acid-mediated defence responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:3949-3970. [PMID: 37651604 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small aliphatic polycations present in all living organisms. In plants, the most abundant polyamines are putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm). Polyamine levels change in response to different pathogens, including Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). However, the regulation of polyamine metabolism and their specific contributions to defence are not fully understood. Here we report that stimulation of Put biosynthesis by Pst DC3000 is dependent on coronatine (COR) perception and jasmonic acid (JA) signalling, independently of salicylic acid (SA). Conversely, lack of Spm in spermine synthase (spms) mutant stimulated galactolipids and JA biosynthesis, and JA signalling under basal conditions and during Pst DC3000 infection, whereas compromised SA-pathway activation and defence outputs through SA-JA antagonism. The dampening of SA responses correlated with COR and Pst DC3000-inducible deregulation of ANAC019 expression and its key SA-metabolism gene targets. Spm deficiency also led to enhanced disease resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and stimulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signalling in response to Pst DC3000. Overall, our findings provide evidence for the integration of polyamine metabolism in JA- and SA-mediated defence responses, as well as the participation of Spm in buffering ER stress during defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kostadin E Atanasov
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Murillo
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Vives-Peris
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cuiyun Deng
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Panahirad S, Gohari G, Mahdavinia G, Jafari H, Kulak M, Fotopoulos V, Alcázar R, Dadpour M. Foliar application of chitosan-putrescine nanoparticles (CTS-Put NPs) alleviates cadmium toxicity in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Sultana: modulation of antioxidant and photosynthetic status. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:411. [PMID: 37667189 PMCID: PMC10478426 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) stress displays critical damage to the plant growth and health. Uptake and accumulation of Cd in plant tissues cause detrimental effects on crop productivity and ultimately impose threats to human beings. For this reason, a quite number of attempts have been made to buffer the adverse effects or to reduce the uptake of Cd. Of those strategies, the application of functionalized nanoparticles has lately attracted increasing attention. Former reports clearly noted that putrescine (Put) displayed promising effects on alleviating different stress conditions like Cd and similarly chitosan (CTS), as well as its nano form, demonstrated parallel properties in this regard besides acting as a carrier for many loads with different applications in the agriculture industry. Herein, we, for the first time, assayed the potential effects of nano-conjugate form of Put and CTS (CTS-Put NP) on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Sultana suffering from Cd stress. We hypothesized that their nano conjugate combination (CTS-Put NPs) could potentially enhance Put proficiency, above all at lower doses under stress conditions via CTS as a carrier for Put. In this regard, Put (50 mg L- 1), CTS (0.5%), Put 50 mg L- 1 + CTS 0.5%" and CTS-Put NPs (0.1 and 0.5%) were applied on grapevines under Cd-stress conditions (0 and 10 mg kg- 1). The interactive effects of CTS-Put NP were investigated through a series of physiological and biochemical assays. RESULTS The findings of present study clearly revealed that CTS-Put NPs as optimal treatments alleviated adverse effects of Cd-stress condition by enhancing chlorophyll (chl) a, b, carotenoids, Fv/Fm, Y(II), proline, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, antioxidant enzymatic activities and decreasing Y (NO), leaf and root Cd content, EL, MDA and H2O2. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CTS-Put NPs could be applied as a stress protection treatment on plants under diverse heavy metal toxicity conditions to promote plant health, potentially highlighting new avenues for sustainable crop production in the agricultural sector under the threat of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Panahirad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mahdavinia
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Hessam Jafari
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammadreza Dadpour
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Panahirad S, Dadpour M, Gohari G, Akbari A, Mahdavinia G, Jafari H, Kulak M, Alcázar R, Fotopoulos V. Putrescine-functionalized carbon quantum dot (put-CQD) nanoparticle: A promising stress-protecting agent against cadmium stress in grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Sultana). Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 197:107653. [PMID: 36965321 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to their sessile nature, plant cannot escape from stress factors in their growing environment, in either biotic or abiotic nature. Amid the abiotic stress factors; high levels of soil cadmium (Cd) impose heavy metal stress on plants, resulting in critical injuries and reduced agronomic performance. In order to buffer the adverse effects of Cd stress, novel nanoparticles (NP) have been applied and notable improvements have been reported. According to the literature, the protective roles of polyamines (e.g., Putrescine; Put) and carbon quantum dots (CQD) have been reported with respect to the plant productivity under either stress or non-stress conditions. Those reports led us to hypothesize that the conjugation of Put and CQD (Put-CQD NPs) might lead to further augmented performance of plants under stress and non-stress conditions. In this regard, we successfully synthesized a novel nanomaterial Put-CQD NPs. In this respect, Put (50 mg L-1), CQD (50 mg L-1) and Put-CQD NPs (25 and 50 mg L-1) were sprayed in 'Sultana' grapevines under Cd stress (10 mg kg-1). As expected, upon stress, Cd content in leaf and root tissues increased by 103.40% and 65.15%, respectively (p < 0.05). The high uptake and accumulation of Cd in plant tissues were manifested in significant alterations of physiological and biochemical attributes of the plant. Concerning stress markers, Cd stress caused increases in content of induced MDA, H2O2, and proline as well as electrolyte leakage rate. As expected, Cd stress caused critical reductions in fresh and dry leaf weight by 21.31% and 42.34%, respectively (p < 0.05). On the other hand, both Put-CQD NPs increased fresh and dry leaf weigh up to approximately 30%. The Cd-mediated disturbances in photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence were buffered with Put-CQD NPs. Of the defence system, enzymatic (SOD, APX, GP) as well as anthocyanin and phenolics were induced by both Cd stress and Put-CQD NPs (p < 0.05). On the other hand, Cd stress reduced content of polyamines (putrescine (Put), spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) by 39.28%, 53.36%, and 39.26%, respectively (p < 0.05). However, the reduction levels were buffered by the treatments. Considering the effectiveness of both NP concentrations, the lower dose (25 mg L-1) could be considered as an optimal concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind as a potential agent to reduce the adverse effects of Cd stress in grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Panahirad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Dadpour
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Ali Akbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mahdavinia
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Hessam Jafari
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Turkiye
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Cyprus
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Zhang C, Atanasov KE, Alcázar R. Spermine inhibits PAMP-induced ROS and Ca2+ burst and reshapes the transcriptional landscape of PAMP-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:427-442. [PMID: 36264272 PMCID: PMC9786854 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small polycationic amines whose levels increase during defense. Previous studies support the contribution of the polyamine spermine to defense responses. However, the potential contribution of spermine to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) has not been completely established. Here, we compared the contribution of spermine and putrescine to early and late PTI responses in Arabidopsis. We found that putrescine and spermine have opposite effects on PAMP-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, with putrescine increasing and spermine lowering the flg22-stimulated ROS burst. Through genetic and pharmacological approaches, we found that the inhibitory effect of spermine on flg22-elicited ROS production is independent of polyamine oxidation, nitric oxide, and salicylic acid signaling but resembles chemical inhibition of RBOHD (RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D). Spermine can also suppress ROS elicited by FLS2-independent but RBOHD-dependent pathways, thus pointing to compromised RBOHD activity. Consistent with this, we found that spermine but not putrescine dampens flg22-stimulated cytosolic Ca2+ influx. Finally, we found that both polyamines differentially reshape transcriptional responses during PTI and disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Overall, we provide evidence for the differential contributions of putrescine and spermine to PTI, with an impact on plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment. Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kostadin E Atanasov
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment. Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Atanasov KE, Díaz-Narváez LC, Alcázar R. Ammonium and nitric oxide condition the establishment of Arabidopsis Ler/Kas-2 immune-related hybrid incompatibility. Planta 2022; 256:76. [PMID: 36087170 PMCID: PMC9464153 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High ammonium suppresses hybrid incompatibility between Ler and Kas-2 accessions through lowering nitric oxide levels and nitrate reductase activity required for autoimmunity. The immune-related hybrid incompatibility (HI) between Landsberg erecta (Ler) and Kashmir-2 (Kas-2) accessions is due to a deleterious genetic interaction between the RPP1 (RECOGNITION OF PERONOSPORA PARASITICA1)-like Ler locus and Kas-2 alleles of the receptor-like kinase SRF3 (STRUBBELIG RECEPTOR FAMILY 3). The genetic incompatibility is temperature-dependent and leads to constitutive activation of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway, dwarfism and cell death at 14-16 °C. Here we investigated the effect of nutrition on the occurrence of Ler/Kas-2 HI and found that high ammonium suppresses Ler/Kas-2 incompatible phenotypes independently of the ammonium/nitrate ratio. Ammonium feeding leads to compromised disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, lower total SA, nitric oxide and nitrate reductase activity in Ler/Kas-2 incompatible hybrids. In addition, we find that Ler/Kas-2 incompatibility is dependent on NPR1 (NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES 1) and nitric oxide production. Overall, this work highlights the effect of nutrition on the expression of incompatible phenotypes independently of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostadin Evgeniev Atanasov
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía C Díaz-Narváez
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Escobar C, Varela L, Palacios B, Capel M, Sicras-Mainar A, Sicras-Navarro A, Hormigo A, Alcázar R, Manito N, Botana M. Características clínicas, manejo y riesgo de complicaciones a un año en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca con y sin diabetes tipo 2 en España. Rev Clin Esp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Escobar C, Varela L, Palacios B, Capel M, Sicras-Mainar A, Sicras-Navarro A, Hormigo A, Alcázar R, Manito N, Botana M. Clinical characteristics, management, and one-year risk of complications among patients with heart failure with and without type 2 diabetes in Spain. Rev Clin Esp 2021; 222:195-204. [PMID: 34511336 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aims to describe the clinical characteristics and therapeutic management and to determine cardiovascular outcomes after one year of follow-up in a contemporaneous population with heart failure (HF) with and without type 2 diabetes in Spain. These factors were also analyzed in the DAPA-HF-like population (patients who met most inclusion criteria of the DAPA-HF trial) and in patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors at baseline. METHODS This work is an observational, retrospective, population-based study using the BIG-PAC database. The index date was January 1, 2019. People aged ≥ 18 years who received care for HF in 2019 were selected. Events that occurred in 2019 were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 21,851 patients with HF (age 78.0 ± 11.3 years, 53.0% men, 50.9% with HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, 44.5% in NYHA functional class II). HF prevalence was 1.88% and incidence was 2.83 per 1,000 person-years. Regarding HF treatments, 66.1% were taking renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, 69.4% beta blockers, 31.2% aldosterone antagonists, and 7.5% sacubitril/valsartan. During the year of follow-up, 29.8% had HF decompensation which led to hospitalization (mean time to first event of 120.9 ± 72.5 days), 12.3% died, and 8.1% died during hospitalization. Events were more common among patients with type 2 diabetes. Hospitalizations for HF were more common in the DAPA-HF-like population. CONCLUSIONS In Spain, the population with HF is elderly and has many comorbidities. Approximately half of patients have HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. There is room for improvement in HF management, particularly through the use of drugs that reduce both HF hospitalization and mortality, in order to reduce the burden of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Escobar
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Varela
- Departamento médico, AstraZeneca Spain
| | | | - M Capel
- Departamento médico, AstraZeneca Spain
| | - A Sicras-Mainar
- Investigación sobre economía y resultados de la salud, Atrys Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sicras-Navarro
- Investigación sobre economía y resultados de la salud, Atrys Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Hormigo
- Centro de Salud de Atención Primaria Puerta Blanca, Málaga, Spain
| | - R Alcázar
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Manito
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardíaca Avanzada y Trasplante Cardíaco, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Botana
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
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Abstract
Polyamines are known to accumulate in response to stress. Compelling evidence indicate a protective role for polyamines during defense. However, signaling pathways underlying polyamine functions have not been fully elucidated. We recently found that the polyamine putrescine (Put) accumulates during effector triggered immunity (ETI). Treatment with Put triggered local and systemic transcriptional reprogramming partly overlapping with systemic acquired resistance (SAR) responses. In addition, Put treatment led to local salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and systemic defenses against virulent bacteria. Consistent with this, we found that Put signaling is mainly ROS dependent and partly compromised by ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1), SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (SID2) and NONEXPRESSOR of PR GENES1 (NPR1) loss-of-function mutations. Here, we propose a preliminary model by which putrescine contributes to local and systemic defenses in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Liu
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CONTACT Rubén Alcázar Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
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Liu C, Atanasov KE, Arafaty N, Murillo E, Tiburcio AF, Zeier J, Alcázar R. Putrescine elicits ROS-dependent activation of the salicylic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:2755-2768. [PMID: 32839979 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small amines that accumulate during stress and contribute to disease resistance through as yet unknown signaling pathways. Using a comprehensive RNA-sequencing analysis, we show that early transcriptional responses triggered by each of the most abundant polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine, thermospermine and cadaverine) exhibit specific quantitative differences, suggesting that polyamines (rather than downstream metabolites) elicit defense responses. Signaling by putrescine, which accumulates in response to bacteria that trigger effector triggered immunity (ETI) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR), is largely dependent on the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, and is partly dependent on salicylic acid (SA), the expression of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY (EDS1) and NONEXPRESSOR of PR GENES1 (NPR1). Putrescine elicits local SA accumulation as well as local and systemic transcriptional reprogramming that overlaps with SAR. Loss-of-function mutations in arginine decarboxylase 2 (ADC2), which is required for putrescine synthesis and copper amine oxidase (CuAO), which is involved in putrescine oxidation, compromise basal defenses, as well as putrescine and pathogen-triggered systemic resistance. These findings confirm that putrescine elicits ROS-dependent SA pathways in the activation of plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Liu
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kostadin E Atanasov
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nazanin Arafaty
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Murillo
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio F Tiburcio
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Alcázar R, Bueno M, Tiburcio AF. Polyamines: Small Amines with Large Effects on Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Cells 2020; 9:E2373. [PMID: 33138071 PMCID: PMC7692116 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, climate change has altered many ecosystems due to a combination of frequent droughts, irregular precipitation, increasingly salinized areas and high temperatures. These environmental changes have also caused a decline in crop yield worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to fully understand the plant responses to abiotic stress and to apply the acquired knowledge to improve stress tolerance in crop plants. The accumulation of polyamines (PAs) in response to many abiotic stresses is one of the most remarkable plant metabolic responses. In this review, we provide an update about the most significant achievements improving plant tolerance to drought, salinity, low and high temperature stresses by exogenous application of PAs or genetic manipulation of endogenous PA levels. We also provide some clues about possible mechanisms underlying PA functions, as well as known cross-talks with other stress signaling pathways. Finally, we discuss about the possible use of PAs for seed priming to induce abiotic stress tolerance in agricultural valuable crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Polyamine’s Laboratory, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Milagros Bueno
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Antonio F. Tiburcio
- Polyamine’s Laboratory, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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11
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Alcázar R, Fortes AM, Tiburcio AF. Editorial: Polyamines in Plant Biotechnology, Food Nutrition, and Human Health. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:120. [PMID: 32140169 PMCID: PMC7042305 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rubén Alcázar,
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Department of Plant Biology, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio F. Tiburcio
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Albalate M, Arribas P, Torres E, Cintra M, Alcázar R, Puerta M, Ortega M, Procaccini F, Martin J, Jiménez E, Fernandez I, de Sequera P. High prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 in hemodialysis. Daily learning during first month of COVID-19 pandemic ☆. Nefrología (English Edition) 2020; 40. [PMCID: PMC7309939 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Dialysis patients are a risk group for SARS-CoV2 infection and possibly further complications, but we have little information. The aim of this paper is to describe the experience of the first month of the SARS-Cov2 pandemic in a hospital haemodialysis (HD) unit serving the district of Madrid with the second highest incidence of COVID19 (almost 1000 patients in 100,000 h). In the form of a diary, we present the actions undertaken, the incidence of COVID19 in patients and health staff, some clinical characteristics and the results of screening all the patients in the unit. We started with 90 patients on HD: 37 (41.1%) had COVID19, of whom 17 (45.9%) were diagnosed through symptoms detected in triage or during the session, and 15 (40.5%) through subsequent screening of those who, until that time, had not undergone SARS-CoV2 PCR testing. Fever was the most frequent symptom, 50% had lymphopenia and 18.4% <95% O2 saturation. Sixteen (43.2%) patients required hospital admission and 6 (16.2%) died. We found a cluster of infection per shift and also among those using public transport. In terms of staff, of the 44 people involved, 15 (34%) had compatible symptoms, 4 (9%) were confirmed as SARS-Cov2 PCR cases by occupational health, 9 (20%) required some period of sick leave, temporary disability to work (ILT), and 5 were considered likely cases. Conclusions We detected a high prevalence of COVID19 with a high percentage detected by screening; hence the need for proactive diagnosis to stop the pandemic. Most cases are managed as outpatients, however severe symptoms are also appearing and mortality to date is 16.2%. In terms of staff, 20% have required sick leave in relation to COVID19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Albalate
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL). Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author.
| | - P. Arribas
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL). Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Torres
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL). Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Cintra
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL). Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Alcázar
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL). Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Puerta
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL). Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Ortega
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL). Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Procaccini
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL). Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Martin
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL). Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Jiménez
- Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL). Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Fernandez
- Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL). Madrid, Spain
| | - P. de Sequera
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL). Madrid, Spain
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13
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Liu C, Atanasov KE, Tiburcio AF, Alcázar R. The Polyamine Putrescine Contributes to H 2O 2 and RbohD/F-Dependent Positive Feedback Loop in Arabidopsis PAMP-Triggered Immunity. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:894. [PMID: 31379894 PMCID: PMC6646693 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are involved in defense against pathogenic microorganisms in plants. However, the role of the polyamine putrescine (Put) during plant defense has remained elusive. In this work, we studied the implication of polyamines during pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data indicate that polyamines, particularly Put, accumulate in response to non-pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 hrcC and in response to the purified PAMP flagellin22. Exogenously supplied Put to Arabidopsis seedlings induces defense responses compatible with PTI activation, such as callose deposition and transcriptional up-regulation of several PTI marker genes. Consistent with this, we show that Put primes for resistance against pathogenic bacteria. Through chemical and genetic approaches, we find that PTI-related transcriptional responses induced by Put are hydrogen peroxide and NADPH oxidase (RBOHD and RBOHF) dependent, thus suggesting that apoplastic ROS mediates Put signaling. Overall, our data indicate that Put amplifies PTI responses through ROS production, leading to enhanced disease resistance against bacterial pathogens.
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14
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Atanasov KE, Liu C, Erban A, Kopka J, Parker JE, Alcázar R. NLR Mutations Suppressing Immune Hybrid Incompatibility and Their Effects on Disease Resistance. Plant Physiol 2018; 177:1152-1169. [PMID: 29794019 PMCID: PMC6052992 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic divergence between populations can lead to reproductive isolation. Hybrid incompatibilities (HI) represent intermediate points along a continuum toward speciation. In plants, genetic variation in disease resistance (R) genes underlies several cases of HI. The progeny of a cross between Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions Landsberg erecta (Ler, Poland) and Kashmir2 (Kas2, central Asia) exhibits immune-related HI. This incompatibility is due to a genetic interaction between a cluster of eight TNL (TOLL/INTERLEUKIN1 RECEPTOR-NUCLEOTIDE BINDING-LEU RICH REPEAT) RPP1 (RECOGNITION OF PERONOSPORA PARASITICA1)-like genes (R1-R8) from Ler and central Asian alleles of a Strubbelig-family receptor-like kinase (SRF3) from Kas2. In characterizing mutants altered in Ler/Kas2 HI, we mapped multiple mutations to the RPP1-like Ler locus. Analysis of these suppressor of Ler/Kas2 incompatibility (sulki) mutants reveals complex, additive and epistatic interactions underlying RPP1-like Ler locus activity. The effects of these mutations were measured on basal defense, global gene expression, primary metabolism, and disease resistance to a local Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis isolate (Hpa Gw) collected from Gorzów (Gw), where the Landsberg accession originated. Gene expression sectors and metabolic hallmarks identified for HI are both dependent and independent of RPP1-like Ler members. We establish that mutations suppressing immune-related Ler/Kas2 HI do not compromise resistance to Hpa Gw. QTL mapping analysis of Hpa Gw resistance point to RPP7 as the causal locus. This work provides insight into the complex genetic architecture of the RPP1-like Ler locus and immune-related HI in Arabidopsis and into the contributions of RPP1-like genes to HI and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostadin E Atanasov
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Changxin Liu
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jane E Parker
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Abstract
In plants, putrescine is synthesized directly from the decarboxylation of ornithine and/or by the alternative arginine decarboxylase pathway. The prevalence of one or the other depends on the tissue and stress conditions. In both amino acid decarboxylation reactions, the corresponding enzymes use pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as co-factor. PLP combines with the α-amino acid to form a Schiff base, which acts as substrate in the carboxyl group removal and CO2 formation. We describe the methodology employed for the determination of ODC and ADC activities in plant tissues by detecting the release of (C14) CO2 using (C14) labelled substrates (ornithine or arginine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio F Tiburcio
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Bitrián M, Tiburcio AF, Alcázar R. Determination of Posttranslational Modifications by 2D PAGE: Applications to Polyamines. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1694:337-341. [PMID: 29080178 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7398-9_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines not only affect transcription and translation but also may induce a number of posttranslational modifications. The identification of polyamine-induced posttranslational modifications can be performed by 2D PAGE analyses. Here, we provide a protocol for 2D-gel electrophoresis that has been optimized for plants. The combined use of this protocol with epitope-tagged proteins expressed in plants enables the detailed analysis of posttranslational modifications induced by different polyamines in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bitrián
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio F Tiburcio
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Atanasov KE, Liu C, Tiburcio AF, Alcázar R. Generation of EMS-Mutagenized Populations of Arabidopsis thaliana for Polyamine Genetics. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1694:343-346. [PMID: 29080179 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7398-9_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, genetic engineering of polyamine biosynthetic genes has provided evidence for their involvement in plant stress responses and different aspects of plant development. Such approaches are being complemented with the use of reverse genetics, in which mutants affected on a particular trait, tightly associated with polyamines, are isolated and the causal genes mapped. Reverse genetics enables the identification of novel genes in the polyamine pathway, which may be involved in downstream signaling, transport, homeostasis, or perception. Here, we describe a basic protocol for the generation of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized populations of Arabidopsis thaliana for its use in reverse genetics applied to polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostadin E Atanasov
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Changxin Liu
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio F Tiburcio
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Tiburcio AF, Alcázar R. Determination of S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase Activity in Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1694:123-128. [PMID: 29080162 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7398-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of spermidine, spermine and thermospermine requires the addition of aminopropyl groups from decarboxylated S-adenosyl-methionine (dSAM). The synthesis of dSAM is catalyzed by S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. dSAM levels are usually low, which constitutes a rate-limiting factor in the synthesis of polyamines. In this chapter, we provide a protocol for the determination of SAMDC activity in plants through the detection of radiolabelled CO2 released during the SAMDC reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Tiburcio
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Ariga H, Katori T, Tsuchimatsu T, Hirase T, Tajima Y, Parker JE, Alcázar R, Koornneef M, Hoekenga O, Lipka AE, Gore MA, Sakakibara H, Kojima M, Kobayashi Y, Iuchi S, Kobayashi M, Shinozaki K, Sakata Y, Hayashi T, Saijo Y, Taji T. NLR locus-mediated trade-off between abiotic and biotic stress adaptation in Arabidopsis. Nat Plants 2017; 3:17072. [PMID: 28548656 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress caused by drought, salt or cold decreases plant fitness. Acquired stress tolerance defines the ability of plants to withstand stress following an initial exposure1. We found previously that acquired osmotolerance after salt stress is widespread among Arabidopsis thaliana accessions2. Here, we identify ACQOS as the locus responsible for ACQUIRED OSMOTOLERANCE. Of its five haplotypes, only plants carrying group 1 ACQOS are impaired in acquired osmotolerance. ACQOS is identical to VICTR, encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein3. In the absence of osmotic stress, group 1 ACQOS contributes to bacterial resistance. In its presence, ACQOS causes detrimental autoimmunity, thereby reducing osmotolerance. Analysis of natural variation at the ACQOS locus suggests that functional and non-functional ACQOS alleles are being maintained due to a trade-off between biotic and abiotic stress adaptation. Thus, polymorphism in certain plant NLR genes might be influenced by competing environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ariga
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Taku Katori
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | | | - Taishi Hirase
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute for Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yuri Tajima
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute for Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jane E Parker
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maarten Koornneef
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Owen Hoekenga
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ithaca, 14853 New York, USA
| | - Alexander E Lipka
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Ithaca, 14853 New York, USA
| | - Michael A Gore
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Maricopa, Arizona 85138, USA
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute for Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Teruaki Taji
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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20
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Zarza X, Atanasov KE, Marco F, Arbona V, Carrasco P, Kopka J, Fotopoulos V, Munnik T, Gómez-Cadenas A, Tiburcio AF, Alcázar R. Polyamine oxidase 5 loss-of-function mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana trigger metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming and promote salt stress tolerance. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40:527-542. [PMID: 26791972 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The family of polyamine oxidases (PAO) in Arabidopsis (AtPAO1-5) mediates polyamine (PA) back-conversion, which reverses the PA biosynthetic pathway from spermine and its structural isomer thermospermine (tSpm) into spermidine and then putrescine. Here, we have studied the involvement of PA back-conversion in Arabidopsis salinity tolerance. AtPAO5 is the Arabidopsis PAO gene member most transcriptionally induced by salt stress. Two independent loss-of-function mutants (atpao5-2 and atpao5-3) were found to exhibit constitutively higher tSpm levels, with associated increased salt tolerance. Using global transcriptional and metabolomic analyses, the underlying mechanisms were studied. Stimulation of abscisic acid and jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis and accumulation of important compatible solutes, such as sugars, polyols and proline, as well as TCA cycle intermediates were observed in atpao5 mutants under salt stress. Expression analyses indicate that tSpm modulates the transcript levels of several target genes, including many involved in the biosynthesis and signalling of JA, some of which are already known to promote salinity tolerance. Transcriptional modulation by tSpm is isomer-dependent, thus demonstrating the specificity of this response. Overall, we conclude that tSpm triggers metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming that promotes salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Zarza
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kostadin E Atanasov
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Marco
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, E-12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, P.O. Box 50329, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, E-12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Antonio F Tiburcio
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Sequera-Mutiozabal MI, Erban A, Kopka J, Atanasov KE, Bastida J, Fotopoulos V, Alcázar R, Tiburcio AF. Global Metabolic Profiling of Arabidopsis Polyamine Oxidase 4 (AtPAO4) Loss-of-Function Mutants Exhibiting Delayed Dark-Induced Senescence. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:173. [PMID: 26925084 PMCID: PMC4757743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Early and more recent studies have suggested that some polyamines (PAs), and particularly spermine (Spm), exhibit anti-senescence properties in plants. In this work, we have investigated the role of Arabidopsis Polyamine Oxidase 4 (PAO4), encoding a PA back-conversion oxidase, during dark-induced senescence. Two independent PAO4 (pao4-1 and pao4-2) loss-of-function mutants have been found that accumulate 10-fold higher Spm, and this associated with delayed entry into senescence under dark conditions. Mechanisms underlying pao4 delayed senescence have been studied using global metabolic profiling by GC-TOF/MS. pao4 mutants exhibit constitutively higher levels of important metabolites involved in redox regulation, central metabolism and signaling that support a priming status against oxidative stress. During senescence, interactions between PAs and oxidative, sugar and nitrogen metabolism have been detected that additively contribute to delayed entry into senescence. Our results indicate the occurrence of metabolic interactions between PAs, particularly Spm, with cell oxidative balance and transport/biosynthesis of amino acids as a strategy to cope with oxidative damage produced during senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren I. Sequera-Mutiozabal
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kostadin E. Atanasov
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of TechnologyLimassol, Cyprus
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio F. Tiburcio
- Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonio F. Tiburcio,
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22
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Atanasov KE, Barboza-Barquero L, Tiburcio AF, Alcázar R. Genome Wide Association Mapping for the Tolerance to the Polyamine Oxidase Inhibitor Guazatine in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:401. [PMID: 27092150 PMCID: PMC4820465 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Guazatine is a potent inhibitor of polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity. In agriculture, guazatine is used as non-systemic contact fungicide efficient in the protection of cereals and citrus fruits against disease. The composition of guazatine is complex, mainly constituted by a mixture of synthetic guanidated polyamines (polyaminoguanidines). Here, we have studied the effects from exposure to guazatine in the weed Arabidopsis thaliana. We report that micromolar concentrations of guazatine are sufficient to inhibit growth of Arabidopsis seedlings and induce chlorosis, whereas germination is barely affected. We observed the occurrence of quantitative variation in the response to guazatine between 107 randomly chosen Arabidopsis accessions. This enabled us to undertake genome-wide association (GWA) mapping that identified a locus on chromosome one associated with guazatine tolerance. CHLOROPHYLLASE 1 (CLH1) within this locus was studied as candidate gene, together with its paralog (CLH2). The analysis of independent clh1-2, clh1-3, clh2-3, clh2-2, and double clh1-2 clh2-3 mutant alleles indicated that CLH1 and/or CLH2 loss-of-function or expression down-regulation promote guazatine tolerance in Arabidopsis. We report a natural mechanism by which Arabidopsis populations can overcome toxicity by the fungicide guazatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostadin E. Atanasov
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Barboza-Barquero
- Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas, Universidad de Costa RicaSan José, Costa Rica
| | - Antonio F. Tiburcio
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rubén Alcázar
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23
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Tiburcio AF, Altabella T, Bitrián M, Alcázar R. The roles of polyamines during the lifespan of plants: from development to stress. Planta 2014. [PMID: 24659098 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2055-2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates that free polyamines (PAs) (mainly putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and its isomer thermospermine), some PA conjugates to hydroxycinnamic acids, and the products of PA oxidation (hydrogen peroxide and γ-aminobutyric acid) are required for different processes in plant development and participate in abiotic and biotic stress responses. A tight regulation of PA homeostasis is required, since depletion or overaccumulation of PAs can be detrimental for cell viability in many organisms. In plants, homeostasis is achieved by modulation of PA biosynthesis, conjugation, catabolism, and transport. However, recent data indicate that such mechanisms are not mere modulators of PA pools but actively participate in PA functions. Examples are found in the spermidine-dependent eiF5A hypusination required for cell division, PA hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates required for pollen development, and the involvement of thermospermine in cell specification. Recent advances also point to implications of PA transport in stress tolerance, PA-dependent transcriptional and translational modulation of genes and transcripts, and posttranslational modifications of proteins. Overall, the molecular mechanisms identified suggest that PAs are intricately coordinated and/or mediate different stress and developmental pathways during the lifespan of plants.
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Tiburcio AF, Altabella T, Bitrián M, Alcázar R. The roles of polyamines during the lifespan of plants: from development to stress. Planta 2014; 240:1-18. [PMID: 24659098 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates that free polyamines (PAs) (mainly putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and its isomer thermospermine), some PA conjugates to hydroxycinnamic acids, and the products of PA oxidation (hydrogen peroxide and γ-aminobutyric acid) are required for different processes in plant development and participate in abiotic and biotic stress responses. A tight regulation of PA homeostasis is required, since depletion or overaccumulation of PAs can be detrimental for cell viability in many organisms. In plants, homeostasis is achieved by modulation of PA biosynthesis, conjugation, catabolism, and transport. However, recent data indicate that such mechanisms are not mere modulators of PA pools but actively participate in PA functions. Examples are found in the spermidine-dependent eiF5A hypusination required for cell division, PA hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates required for pollen development, and the involvement of thermospermine in cell specification. Recent advances also point to implications of PA transport in stress tolerance, PA-dependent transcriptional and translational modulation of genes and transcripts, and posttranslational modifications of proteins. Overall, the molecular mechanisms identified suggest that PAs are intricately coordinated and/or mediate different stress and developmental pathways during the lifespan of plants.
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25
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Alcázar R, Tiburcio AF. Plant polyamines in stress and development: an emerging area of research in plant sciences. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:319. [PMID: 25071802 PMCID: PMC4080260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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26
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Alcázar R, Pecinka A, Aarts MGM, Fransz PF, Koornneef M. Signals of speciation within Arabidopsis thaliana in comparison with its relatives. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2012; 15:205-211. [PMID: 22265228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The species within the now well-defined Arabidopsis genus provide biological materials suitable to investigate speciation and the development of reproductive isolation barriers between related species. Even within the model species A. thaliana, genetic differentiation between populations due to environmental adaptation or demographic history can lead to cases where hybrids between accessions are non-viable. Experimental evidence supports the importance of genome duplications and genetic epistatic interactions in the occurrence of reproductive isolation. Other examples of adaptation to specific environments can be found in Arabidopsis relatives where hybridization and chromosome doubling lead to new amphidiploid species. Molecular signals of speciation found in the Arabidopsis genus should provide a better understanding of speciation processes in plants from a genetic, molecular and evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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27
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Alcázar R, Parker JE. The impact of temperature on balancing immune responsiveness and growth in Arabidopsis. Trends Plant Sci 2011; 16:666-75. [PMID: 21963982 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved polymorphic immune receptors to recognize pathogens causing disease. However, triggering of resistance needs to be tuned to the local environment to maintain a balance between defense and growth. We consider here the impact of temperature as a key environmental factor influencing immune pathway activation in Arabidopsis. Genetic compensatory and molecular buffering mechanisms affecting the diversification, functionality and subcellular dynamics of immune receptors, reveal multiple points at which temperature intersects with host resistance signaling systems, including a role of at least one receptor in sensing temperature change. Analysis of temperature-dependent autoimmunity caused by allelic mismatches in hybrids of evolutionary diverged Arabidopsis accessions is illuminating processes by which plants maintain 'poise' between immune responsiveness and fitness in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
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Marco F, Alcázar R, Tiburcio AF, Carrasco P. Interactions between polyamines and abiotic stress pathway responses unraveled by transcriptome analysis of polyamine overproducers. OMICS 2011; 15:775-81. [PMID: 22011340 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant development and productivity are negatively regulated by adverse environmental conditions. The identification of stress-regulatory genes, networks, and signaling molecules should allow the development of novel strategies to obtain tolerant plants. Polyamines (PAs) are polycationic compounds with a recognized role in plant growth and development, as well as in abiotic and biotic stress responses. During the last years, knowledge on PA functions has been achieved using genetically modified plants with altered PA levels. In this review, we combine the information obtained from global transcriptome analyses in transgenic Arabidopsis plants with altered putrescine or spermine levels. Comparison of common and specific gene networks affected by elevation of endogenous PAs, support the view that these compounds actively participate in stress signaling through intricate crosstalks with abscisic acid (ABA), Ca(2+) signaling and other hormonal pathways in plant defense and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Marco
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de València, Facultat de Farmàcia, València, Spain
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29
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Alcázar R, Reymond M, Schmitz G, de Meaux J. Genetic and evolutionary perspectives on the interplay between plant immunity and development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2011; 14:378-84. [PMID: 21561797 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There is now ample evidence that plant development, responses to abiotic environments, and immune responses are tightly intertwined in their physiology. Thus optimization of the immune system during evolution will occur in coordination with that of plant development. Two alternative and possibly complementary forces are at play: genetic constraints due to the pleiotropic action of players in both systems, and coevolution, if developmental changes modulate the cost-benefit balance of immunity. A current challenge is to elucidate the ecological forces driving evolution of quantitative variation for defense at molecular level. The analysis of natural co-variation for developmental and immunity traits in Arabidopsis thaliana promises to bring important insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg, 10. 50829 Cologne, Germany
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30
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Alcázar R, Bitrián M, Bartels D, Koncz C, Altabella T, Tiburcio AF. Polyamine metabolic canalization in response to drought stress in Arabidopsis and the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum. Plant Signal Behav 2011; 6:243-50. [PMID: 21330782 PMCID: PMC3121985 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.2.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have studied the transcriptional profiles of polyamine biosynthetic genes and analyzed polyamine metabolic fluxes during a gradual drought acclimation response in Arabidopsis thaliana and the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum. The analysis of free putrescine, spermidine and spermine titers in Arabidopsis arginine decarboxylase (adc1-3, adc2-3), spermidine synthase (spds1-2, spds2-3) and spermine synthase (spms-2) mutants during drought stress, combined with the quantitative expression of the entire polyamine biosynthetic pathway in the wild-type, has revealed a strong metabolic canalization of putrescine to spermine induced by drought. Such canalization requires spermidine synthase 1 (SPDS1) and spermine synthase (SPMS) activities and, intriguingly, does not lead to spermine accumulation but to a progressive reduction in spermidine and spermine pools in the wild-type. Our results suggest the participation of the polyamine back-conversion pathway during the drought stress response rather than the terminal catabolism of spermine. The putrescine to spermine canalization coupled to the spermine to putrescine back-conversion confers an effective polyamine recycling-loop during drought acclimation. Putrescine to spermine canalization has also been revealed in the desiccation tolerant plant C. plantagineum, which conversely to Arabidopsis, accumulates high spermine levels which associate with drought tolerance. Our results provide a new insight to the polyamine homeostasis mechanisms during drought stress acclimation in Arabidopsis and resurrection plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
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31
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Alcázar R, Cuevas JC, Planas J, Zarza X, Bortolotti C, Carrasco P, Salinas J, Tiburcio AF, Altabella T. Integration of polyamines in the cold acclimation response. Plant Sci 2011; 180:31-8. [PMID: 21421344 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors limiting the geographical distribution of plants and accounts for significant reductions in the yield of agriculturally important crops. Low temperature damages many plant species, especially those adapted to tropical climates. In contrast, some species from temperate regions are able to develop freezing tolerance in response to low-non-freezing temperature, an adaptive process named cold acclimation. Numerous molecular, biochemical and physiological changes occur during cold acclimation, most of them being associated with significant changes in gene expression and metabolite profiles. During recent years, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches have allowed the identification of cold-responsive genes and main metabolites which accumulate in plants exposed to cold. The obtained data support the previously held idea that polyamines (PAs) are involved in plant responses to cold, although their specific role is still not well understood. In this review, we synthesize published data regarding PA-responses to cold stress and integrate them with global transcriptional and metabolic changes. The potential of PA genetic engineering for the development of plants resistant to cold and freezing temperatures, and their plausible mechanisms of action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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Alcázar R, García AV, Kronholm I, de Meaux J, Koornneef M, Parker JE, Reymond M. Natural variation at Strubbelig Receptor Kinase 3 drives immune-triggered incompatibilities between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Nat Genet 2010; 42:1135-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Alcázar R, Planas J, Saxena T, Zarza X, Bortolotti C, Cuevas J, Bitrián M, Tiburcio AF, Altabella T. Putrescine accumulation confers drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing the homologous Arginine decarboxylase 2 gene. Plant Physiol Biochem 2010; 48:547-52. [PMID: 20206537 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, a model genus missing a functional ornithine decarboxylase pathway, most of the key genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis are duplicated. This gene redundancy has been related to the involvement of certain gene isoforms in the response to specific environmental stimuli. We have previously shown that drought stress induces Arginine decarboxlase 2 expression, while transcript levels for Arginine decarboxlase 1 remain constant. Accumulation of putrescine and increased arginine decarboxlase activity (EC 4.1.1.19) levels in response to different abiotic stresses have been reported in many different plant systems, but the biological meaning of this increase remains unclear. To get a new insight into these questions, we have studied the response to drought of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines constitutively expressing the homologous Arginine decarboxlase 2 gene. These lines contain high levels of putrescine with no changes in spermidine and spermine content even under drought stress. Drought tolerance experiments indicate that the different degree of resistance to dehydration correlates with Put content. Although no significant differences were observed in the number of stomata between wild-type and transgenic plants, a reduction in transpiration rate and stomata conductance was observed in the ADC2 over-expressor lines. These results indicate that one of the mechanisms involved in the drought tolerance of transgenic plants over-producing Put is related to a reduction of water loss by transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Alcázar R, Altabella T, Marco F, Bortolotti C, Reymond M, Koncz C, Carrasco P, Tiburcio AF. Polyamines: molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Planta 2010; 231:1237-49. [PMID: 20221631 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Early studies on plant polyamine research pointed to their involvement in responses to different environmental stresses. During the last few years, genetic, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches have unravelled key functions of different polyamines in the regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which polyamines control plant responses to stress stimuli are largely unknown. Recent studies indicate that polyamine signalling is involved in direct interactions with different metabolic routes and intricate hormonal cross-talks. Here we discuss the integration of polyamines with other metabolic pathways by focusing on molecular mechanisms of their action in abiotic stress tolerance. Recent advances in the cross talk between polyamines and abscisic acid are discussed and integrated with processes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling, generation of nitric oxide, modulation of ion channel activities and Ca(2+) homeostasis, amongst others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Max-Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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35
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Alcázar R, Altabella T, Marco F, Bortolotti C, Reymond M, Koncz C, Carrasco P, Tiburcio AF. Polyamines: molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Planta 2010. [PMID: 20221631 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1130-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Early studies on plant polyamine research pointed to their involvement in responses to different environmental stresses. During the last few years, genetic, transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches have unravelled key functions of different polyamines in the regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which polyamines control plant responses to stress stimuli are largely unknown. Recent studies indicate that polyamine signalling is involved in direct interactions with different metabolic routes and intricate hormonal cross-talks. Here we discuss the integration of polyamines with other metabolic pathways by focusing on molecular mechanisms of their action in abiotic stress tolerance. Recent advances in the cross talk between polyamines and abscisic acid are discussed and integrated with processes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling, generation of nitric oxide, modulation of ion channel activities and Ca(2+) homeostasis, amongst others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Max-Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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36
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Alcázar R, Albalate M. [New methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Achieving more precision in diagnosing chronic kidney disease]. Nefrologia 2010; 30:143-146. [PMID: 20393616 DOI: 10.3265/nefrologia.pre2010.mar.10263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
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37
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Alcázar R, Quereda C. [Digital NEFROLOGIA. A project for coming years]. Nefrologia 2010; 30:271-274. [PMID: 20514094 DOI: 10.3265/nefrologia.pre2010.apr.10406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
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38
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Alcázar R, Tato A, García F, Barrios V, Quereda C. [Would prescription of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in pre-dialysis change after results from TREAT study?]. Nefrologia 2009; 30:114-118. [PMID: 20038963 DOI: 10.3265/nefrologia.pre2009.dic.5903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Alcázar
- Servicios de Nefrología, Hospital Infanta Leonor, Spain
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39
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Cuevas JC, López-Cobollo R, Alcázar R, Zarza X, Koncz C, Altabella T, Salinas J, Tiburcio AF, Ferrando A. Putrescine as a signal to modulate the indispensable ABA increase under cold stress. Plant Signal Behav 2009; 4:219-20. [PMID: 19721755 PMCID: PMC2652534 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.3.7861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines have been found to correlate frequently with biotic and abiotic insults, and their functional involvement in the plant responses to several stresses has been shown genetically with both gain and loss of function mutations. In spite of a large body of physiological and genetic data, the mode of action for polyamines at the molecular level still remains elusive. We have recently performed a detailed integrated analysis of polyamine metabolism under cold stress by means of metabolic studies, quantitative gene expression analyses, and gene inactivations, to characterize in more detail the role of polyamines in response to low temperature. Our data show a unique accumulation profile for putrescine compared to other polyamines, with a progressive increase upon cold stress treatment coincident with a similar transcriptional upregulation for the two arginine decarboxylase genes ADC1 and ADC2. Loss of function mutants adc1 and adc2 display reduced freezing tolerance and alterations in ABA content and ABA-dependent signalling pathways under low temperature, compared to wild type plants. Phenotypical reverse complementation tests for both adc and ABA-defective mutants support our conclusion that putrescine modulates ABA biosynthesis at the transcriptional level in response to low temperature thus uncovering a novel mode of action for polyamines as regulators of hormone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Cuevas
- Consorci CSIC-IRTA; Laboratori de Genètica Molecular Vegetal; Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa López-Cobollo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraría y Alimentaria (INIA); Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Max Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung; Köln, Germany
| | - Xavier Zarza
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Csaba Koncz
- Max Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung; Köln, Germany
| | - Teresa Altabella
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Salinas
- Departamento de Biología de Plantas; CIB-CSIC; Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio F Tiburcio
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ferrando
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Universitat de València; València, Spain
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Quereda C, Alcázar R, García López F, Martín de Francisco AL, Purroy A. [Nefrología 2008-2009]. Nefrologia 2009; 29:1-5. [PMID: 19240764 DOI: 10.3265/nefrologia.2009.29.1.1.1.en.full.pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
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41
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Martínez Castelao A, Martín de Francisco A, Górriz J, Alcázar R, Orte L. [Strategies for renal health: a project of the Spanish Society of Nephrology]. Nefrologia 2009; 29:185-192. [PMID: 19554049 DOI: 10.3265/nefrologia.2009.29.3.5326.en.full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
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42
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Cuevas JC, López-Cobollo R, Alcázar R, Zarza X, Koncz C, Altabella T, Salinas J, Tiburcio AF, Ferrando A. Putrescine is involved in Arabidopsis freezing tolerance and cold acclimation by regulating abscisic acid levels in response to low temperature. Plant Physiol 2008; 148:1094-105. [PMID: 18701673 PMCID: PMC2556839 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.122945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The levels of endogenous polyamines have been shown to increase in plant cells challenged with low temperature; however, the functions of polyamines in the regulation of cold stress responses are unknown. Here, we show that the accumulation of putrescine under cold stress is essential for proper cold acclimation and survival at freezing temperatures because Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants defective in putrescine biosynthesis (adc1, adc2) display reduced freezing tolerance compared to wild-type plants. Genes ADC1 and ADC2 show different transcriptional profiles upon cold treatment; however, they show similar and redundant contributions to cold responses in terms of putrescine accumulation kinetics and freezing sensitivity. Our data also demonstrate that detrimental consequences of putrescine depletion during cold stress are due, at least in part, to alterations in the levels of abscisic acid (ABA). Reduced expression of NCED3, a key gene involved in ABA biosynthesis, and down-regulation of ABA-regulated genes are detected in both adc1 and adc2 mutant plants under cold stress. Complementation analysis of adc mutants with ABA and reciprocal complementation tests of the aba2-3 mutant with putrescine support the conclusion that putrescine controls the levels of ABA in response to low temperature by modulating ABA biosynthesis and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Cuevas
- Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Berdasco M, Alcázar R, García-Ortiz MV, Ballestar E, Fernández AF, Roldán-Arjona T, Tiburcio AF, Altabella T, Buisine N, Quesneville H, Baudry A, Lepiniec L, Alaminos M, Rodríguez R, Lloyd A, Colot V, Bender J, Canal MJ, Esteller M, Fraga MF. Promoter DNA hypermethylation and gene repression in undifferentiated Arabidopsis cells. PLoS One 2008. [PMID: 18827894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone0003306.g003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining and acquiring the pluripotent cell state in plants is critical to tissue regeneration and vegetative multiplication. Histone-based epigenetic mechanisms are important for regulating this undifferentiated state. Here we report the use of genetic and pharmacological experimental approaches to show that Arabidopsis cell suspensions and calluses specifically repress some genes as a result of promoter DNA hypermethylation. We found that promoters of the MAPK12, GSTU10 and BXL1 genes become hypermethylated in callus cells and that hypermethylation also affects the TTG1, GSTF5, SUVH8, fimbrin and CCD7 genes in cell suspensions. Promoter hypermethylation in undifferentiated cells was associated with histone hypoacetylation and primarily occurred at CpG sites. Accordingly, we found that the process specifically depends on MET1 and DRM2 methyltransferases, as demonstrated with DNA methyltransferase mutants. Our results suggest that promoter DNA methylation may be another important epigenetic mechanism for the establishment and/or maintenance of the undifferentiated state in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Berdasco
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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44
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Caramelo C, Albalate M, Tejedor A, Alcázar R, Baldoví S, García Pérez A, Marín M. [Current use of acetazolamide as a diuretic: usefulness in refractory edema and in aldosterone-antagonist-related hyperkalemia]. Nefrologia 2008; 28:234-238. [PMID: 18454727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Caramelo
- Servicio de Nefrología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Capio, Madrid
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45
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Quereda C, Alcázar R, García-López F, Purroy A. [Goals for Nefrología in a new era]. Nefrologia 2008; 28:1-7. [PMID: 18336121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
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Alcázar R, Egocheaga MI, Orte L, Lobos JM, González Parra E, Alvarez Guisasola F, Górriz JL, Navarro JF, Martín de Francisco AL. [SEN-SEMFYC consensus document on chronic kidney disease]. Nefrologia 2008; 28:273-282. [PMID: 18590493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Alcázar
- Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria.
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Lozano L, Sánchez R, Navarro J, Alcázar R. [Is chronic kidney disease (CKD) a problem of great epidemiological relevance?]. Nefrologia 2008; 28 Suppl 5:99-103. [PMID: 18847428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article some of the novelties published in 2007 on epidemiological aspects of chronic kidney disease are reviewed. Specifically, some studies on the suitability of current methods for measurement of glomerular filtration rate, the estimated current prevalence of chronic kidney disease and the influence of age and NSAIDs on progression of this disease are discussed. Finally, various recent publications on the role of chronic kidney disease as a cardiovascular risk factor are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lozano
- Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
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Alcázar R, Marco F, Cuevas JC, Patron M, Ferrando A, Carrasco P, Tiburcio AF, Altabella T. Involvement of polyamines in plant response to abiotic stress. Biotechnol Lett 2006. [PMID: 17028780 DOI: 10.1007/s10529‐006‐9179‐3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stresses are the major cause of crop loss worldwide. Polyamines are involved in plant stress responses. However, the precise role(s) of polyamine metabolism in these processes remain ill-defined. Transgenic approaches demonstrate that polyamines play essential roles in stress tolerance and open up the possibility to exploit this strategy to improve plant tolerance to multiple environmental stresses. The use of Arabidopsis as a model plant enables us to carry out global expression studies of the polyamine metabolic genes under different stress conditions, as well as genome-wide expression analyses of insertional-mutants and plants over-expressing these genes. These studies are essential to dissect the polyamine mechanism of action in order to design new strategies to increase plant survival in adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Alcázar R, Marco F, Cuevas JC, Patron M, Ferrando A, Carrasco P, Tiburcio AF, Altabella T. Involvement of polyamines in plant response to abiotic stress. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:1867-76. [PMID: 17028780 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stresses are the major cause of crop loss worldwide. Polyamines are involved in plant stress responses. However, the precise role(s) of polyamine metabolism in these processes remain ill-defined. Transgenic approaches demonstrate that polyamines play essential roles in stress tolerance and open up the possibility to exploit this strategy to improve plant tolerance to multiple environmental stresses. The use of Arabidopsis as a model plant enables us to carry out global expression studies of the polyamine metabolic genes under different stress conditions, as well as genome-wide expression analyses of insertional-mutants and plants over-expressing these genes. These studies are essential to dissect the polyamine mechanism of action in order to design new strategies to increase plant survival in adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Alcázar
- Laboratori de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Alcázar R, de Francisco ALM. [Strategic action of the Spanish Society of Nephrology confronting chronic renal disease ]. Nefrologia 2006; 26:1-4. [PMID: 16649419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
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