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Attar R, Qureshi MZ, Sabitaliyevich UY, Yulaevna IM, Romero MA. Mechanistic role of pyroptosis in tumor microenvironment and tumor immunotherapy. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2024; 70:260-267. [PMID: 38678598 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2024.70.4.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, extraordinary attention has been devoted to cell death pathways principally because of multifaceted regulatory roles in normal developmental and pathophysiological processes. The removal of functionally defective, infected or potentially malignant cells is regulated by programmed cell death (PCD) cascades. Pyroptotic cell death is a highly complicated pro-inflammatory form of cell death. Pyroptosis is characterized by the formation of pores in the plasma membrane by oligomerization of the N-terminal fragment of gasdermins (gasdermin-NT) following the cleavage of gasdermin. Pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in the innate immune responses and mechanistically steered by inflammasome-mediated and inflammasome-independent cascades. In this review, we have comprehensively analyzed how different signaling pathways regulated pyroptosis in cancer inhibition and metastatic spread of cancer cells to the secondary sites. Comprehensive understanding of the interconnection between signaling pathways and pyroptosis will enable us to reap maximum benefits from the exciting mechanistic insights gained from pioneering studies related to pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University Hospital, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Muhammad Zahid Qureshi
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6622, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Mirna Azalea Romero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Av. Solidaridad S/N, Colonia Hornos Insurgentes, cp 39300, Acapulco, Guerrero México.
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2
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Al-Mousa DS, Spuur K, Attar R, Kleib I, Alakhras M. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to breast cancer screening among female Jordanian university employees: A cross-sectional study. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:258-264. [PMID: 38035443 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To improve participation in breast screening programs, the level of knowledge about BC, attitudes, and practices of women in different sections of society must be understood. This study aimed to measure the level of knowledge of BC risk factors, signs and symptoms and determine current mammography practices among female employees at Jordanian universities. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on female employees at Jordanian government universities. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that included: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of BC risk factors, knowledge of BC symptoms and knowledge, attitude and practice of mammography as an early detection method. RESULTS A total of 362 participants completed the questionnaire. Overall, 174 scored ≥50% correct answers regarding BC risk factors, while 231 scored ≥50% correct answers regarding BC signs and symptoms. Half of the participants (n = 184, 50.8%) understood mammography to be an early BC detection method. Among those participants, 95 (51.6%) were eligible for screening and 39 (21.2%) had had a previous mammogram. The main reason for not engaging in mammography was the absence of BC signs and symptoms (37.2%). Profession, educational level and family history of BC were associated with increased knowledge of BC risk factors, signs and symptoms (p = 0.01). Lecturers in medical faculties exhibited the highest level of knowledge about mammography compared to participants in other professions (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Only 79 participants had good to excellent knowledge about BC. Participants' profession was the major indicator for awareness of BC and mammography as an early detection method. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings of this study reinforce the importance of providing BC educational programs for university employees in Jordan to increase awareness of BC and mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Al-Mousa
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - K Spuur
- School of Dentistry & Health Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
| | - R Attar
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - I Kleib
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - M Alakhras
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Farooqi AA, Attar R. Role of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-mediated signaling in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2023; 69:300-302. [PMID: 38279414 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2023.69.14.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) mediated signaling has emerged as one of the most extensively studied cascades in cancer development and progression. Overwhelmingly increasing data obtained from preclinical and clinical studies has helped us to develop a near-complete resolution of PDGF/PDGFR signaling landscape. Phenotype- and genotype-driven studies have provided proof-of-concept that therapeutic targeting of PDGF/PDGFR signaling axis is necessary to improve clinical outcome. Kinase inhibitor drug discovery programmes have broadened their focus to include a wide variety of kinase targets. Based on the insights gleaned from previously published high-impact research, it is clear that different transduction cascades crosstalk with PDGF/PDGFR signaling during primary tumor invasion, dissemination and ultimate metastasis of cancer cells. In this commentary, we will focus on involvement of PDGF/PDGFR signaling in different cancers and how pharmacological targeting of this signaling cascade inhibits cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Capar Gorali B, Gulec Yılmaz S, Akdeniz FT, Attar R, İsbir T. Mutation analysis of the TERT gene in ovarian cancer patients of the Turkish population by next generation sequencing method. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2023; 69:51-55. [PMID: 38015541 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2023.69.11.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks seventh among malignant tumors worldwide. As one of the most common gynecological malignancies, ovarian cancer has the second-highest mortality rate, after cervical and uterine cancer. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology has enhanced multi-gene panel analysis and its clinical utility for identifying cancer-causing gene mutations. This study aimed to determine the presence of significant and nonsense mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked (ATRX), O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/IDH2) genes using the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) method. A cohort of 33 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer was included in this investigation, and peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants. Significant and nonsense mutations in TERT, ATRX, MGMT, IDH1, and IDH2 genes were detected using the Next-Generation Sequencing method. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using the QIAGEN Clinical Insight system. Twenty-four patients exhibited seven different TERT mutations, occurring in both exonic and intronic regions. One patient displayed a c.699-3delC deletion in the intronic region of the IDH1 gene, and the c.532G > A (p.V178I) mutation observed in three patients was assessed as potentially harmful. Additionally, novel mutations c.881A > G and c.995A > G were observed in the ATRX gene. The heterozygous novel mutation identified in the ATRX gene was confirmed through Sanger sequencing. These mutations were not previously associated with ovarian cancer and are considered novel candidate markers for ovarian cancer susceptibility. Confirmation of these results through larger cohort studies or functional investigations will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Capar Gorali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seda Gulec Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Tuba Akdeniz
- Department of Medical Biology, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Turgay İsbir
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Öztekin Ü, Caniklioğlu M, Ateş Ş, Doğanyiğit Z, Kaymak E, Fırat F, Göçmen AY, Ataç F, Attar R, Yılmaz S. The effect of Cornus mas extract on nıcotıne-ınduced oxıdatıve stress and ıntratestıcular damage ın male rats. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2023; 69:246-253. [PMID: 38015512 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2023.69.11.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis has been extensively investigated. Researchers have gathered sufficient evidence related to oxidative stress-mediated intratesticular damage. The aim of this was study to evaluate the effects of Cornus Mas (CM) extract on intratesticular changes in rats exposed to nicotine. Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. The groups and the administrated agents for 35 days were as follows; Control group (n=6): 0.9% saline, intraperitoneally; Nicotine group (n=7): 4 mg/kg nicotine, subcutaneous; CM group (n=7): 1000 mg/kg CM extract in 0.5 ml saline, via gavage; Nicotine + CM Group (n=8): 4 mg/kg Nicotine, subcutaneous + 1000 mg/kg CM extract via gavage. One rat each from the groups Nicotine and CM died. In spermatogenetic and histopathological examination, significant positive changes were detected in nicotine + CM group regarding seminal parameters, apoptotic cells, Factor VIII and Johnsen score as compared to nicotine group. Oxidative stress markers were higher in nicotine group as compared to the control group. OSI and MDA levels were found to be reduced in nicotine + CM group than nicotine group. Nicotine induced a significant increase in TNF-α and IL-6 levels compared to the control group; however, CM effectively counteracted this increase. We have shown that nicotine increases testicular damage, causes apoptosis of testicular cells and adversely affects spermatogenesis by increasing inflammation. We concluded that CM extract exerted beneficial effects on spermatogenesis and minimized testicular parenchymal damage, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Rapidly increasing understanding of the complexity of oxidative stress in intratesticular is the key to unlocking the potential of ROS-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ünal Öztekin
- Kayseri System Hospital, Department of Urology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Caniklioğlu
- Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Şükrü Ateş
- Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Züleyha Doğanyiğit
- Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Emin Kaymak
- Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Fırat
- Tokat State Hospital, Department of Urology, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Yeşim Göçmen
- Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Ataç
- Batman Zilan Private Hospital, Department of Urology, Batman, Turkey.
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey.
| | - Seher Yılmaz
- Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Yozgat, Turkey.
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Altinkilic EM, du Toit T, Sakin Ö, Attar R, Groessl M, Flück CE. The serum steroid signature of PCOS hints at the involvement of novel pathways for excess androgen biosynthesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106366. [PMID: 37499841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined by androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction in the absence of a specific physiological diagnosis. The best clinical marker of androgen excess is hirsutism, while the best biochemical parameter is still a matter of debate. Current consensus guidelines recommend, among other hormones, serum free testosterone as an important serum parameter to measure androgen excess. Recently, however, novel active androgens and androgen metabolic pathways have been discovered. OBJECTIVE To assess the contribution of novel androgens and related steroid biosynthetic pathways to the serum steroid pool in PCOS women in comparison to healthy controls. DESIGN This is a case control study, wherein PCOS was diagnosed according to the AE-PCOS 2009 criteria. Serum steroid profiling was performed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. SETTING Yeditepe University and associated clinics in Istanbul, Turkey, together with Bern University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS 42 PCOS women and 42 matched, healthy control women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Assessment of 34 steroids compartmentalized in four androgen related pathways: the classic androgen pathway, the backdoor pathway, the C11-oxy backdoor pathway, and the C11-oxy (11β-hydroxyandrostenedione) pathway. RESULTS Metabolites of all four pathways were identified in healthy and PCOS women. Highest concentrations were found for progesterone in controls and androstenedione in PCOS. Lowest levels were found for 11-ketotestosterone in controls compared to PCOS, and for 20α-hydroxyprogesterone in PCOS compared to controls. PCOS also had higher serum testosterone levels compared to the controls. PCOS women had overall higher levels of steroid metabolites of all four androgen pathways compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Novel alternative pathways contribute to the androgen production in healthy and PCOS women. Hyperandrogenism in PCOS is characterized by an overall increase of serum androgens in the classic, backdoor and C11-oxy pathways. While monogenetic disorders of steroid biosynthesis can be recognized by a specific pattern in the steroid profile, no diagnostic pattern or classifier was found in the serum for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Murat Altinkilic
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Therina du Toit
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Önder Sakin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acıbadem Kozyatağı Hospital, Turkey
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | - Michael Groessl
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christa E Flück
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Attar R, Noel K, Romero MA, Sabitaliyevich UY, Yulaevna IM, Qureshi MZ. Regulatory role of circular RNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2023; 69:250-257. [PMID: 37715372 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2023.69.8.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OSCC is a genomically complicated disease and advancements in the modern era of molecular oncology have enabled researchers to portray near-to-complete resolution of signaling landscape. Over the last two decades, overwhelming proof-of-concept has established mechanistic regulatory role of non-coding RNAs in carcinogenesis, including OSCC. Circular RNAs demonstrate a burgeoning facet of oncology research and molecular biologists are only beginning to appreciate and recognize the significance of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of OSCC. Regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs in the re-shaping of signaling pathways offer plausible strategies for prevention/inhibition of OSCC. Circular RNAs have mechanistic roles in OSCC and "sponge effects" mediated by a wider variety of circRNAs need to be rationally targeted for effective cancer prevention. Phenomenal and cutting-edge research works in different types of animal models will further refine our knowledge for selection of most promising circRNAs as pharmacologically valuable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University Hospital, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Khalida Noel
- Human Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Mirna Azalea Romero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Av. Solidaridad S/N, Colonia Hornos Insurgentes, cp 39300, Acapulco, Guerrero México.
| | | | | | - Muhammad Zahid Qureshi
- Deanship of Educational Services, Department of Biochemistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Al Qassim, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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Wahnou H, Liagre B, Sol V, El Attar H, Attar R, Oudghiri M, Duval RE, Limami Y. Polyphenol-Based Nanoparticles: A Promising Frontier for Enhanced Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3826. [PMID: 37568642 PMCID: PMC10416951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant challenge in healthcare, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Natural compounds such as polyphenols with inherent anticancer properties have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents. This review highlights the need for novel therapeutic approaches in CRC, followed by a discussion on the synthesis of polyphenols-based nanoparticles. Various synthesis techniques, including dynamic covalent bonding, non-covalent bonding, polymerization, chemical conjugation, reduction, and metal-polyphenol networks, are explored. The mechanisms of action of these nanoparticles, encompassing passive and active targeting mechanisms, are also discussed. The review further examines the intrinsic anticancer activity of polyphenols and their enhancement through nano-based delivery systems. This section explores the natural anticancer properties of polyphenols and investigates different nano-based delivery systems, such as micelles, nanogels, liposomes, nanoemulsions, gold nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and metal-organic frameworks. The review concludes by emphasizing the potential of nanoparticle-based strategies utilizing polyphenols for CRC treatment and highlights the need for future research to optimize their efficacy and safety. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the synthesis, mechanisms of action, intrinsic anticancer activity, and enhancement of polyphenols-based nanoparticles for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Wahnou
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco; (H.W.); (M.O.)
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (B.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, F-87000 Limoges, France; (B.L.); (V.S.)
| | | | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34280, Turkey;
| | - Mounia Oudghiri
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco; (H.W.); (M.O.)
| | | | - Youness Limami
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, B.P. 2693, Maarif, Casablanca 20100, Morocco; (H.W.); (M.O.)
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat 26000, Morocco
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Okan A, Doğanyiğit Z, Yilmaz S, Uçar S, Arikan Söylemez ES, Attar R. Evaluation of the protective role of resveratrol against sepsis caused by LPS via TLR4/NF‐κB/TNF‐α signaling pathways: Experimental study. Cell Biochem Funct 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Attar R. Integrated computational approaches assisted development of a novel multi-epitope vaccine against MDR Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e269313. [PMID: 36790301 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.269313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance (AR) in bacteria is becoming an alarming health concern because it allows them to adapt themselves to changing environments. It is possible to prevent the spread of AR in many ways, such as reducing antibiotic misuse in human and veterinary medicine. Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae is one of these AR bacterial species that can cause pneumonia in humans and is responsible for high mortality and morbidity rates. It is oval shaped gram-positive bacterium that shows resistance to several antibiotics like penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and co-trimoxazale and no approved vaccine is available to overcome diseases of the pathogen. Thus, substantial efforts are necessary to select protective antigens from a whole genome of pathogens that are easily tested experimentally. The in silico designed vaccine was safe and potent in immunizing individuals against the aforementioned pathogens. Herein, we utilized a subtractive genomic approach to identify potential epitope-based vaccine candidates against S. pseudopneumoniae. In total, 50850 proteins were retrieved from the NCBI, representing the complete genome of S. pseudopneumoniae. Out of the total, CD-HIT analysis identified 1022 proteins as non-redundant and 49828 proteins as redundant and further subjected for subcellular localization in which bulk of proteins was located in the cytoplasm, with seven extracellular proteins (penicillin-binding protein, alpha-amylase, solute-binding protein, hypothetical protein, CHAP domain-containing protein, polysaccharide deacetylase family protein, hypothetical protein). Six immune cells epitopes (SNLQSENDRL, RNDSLQKQAR, NPTTTSEGF, KVKKKNNKK, AYSQGSQKEH, and SVVDQVSGDF) were predicted with the help of the IEDB server. To design a multi-epitopes vaccine these immune cell epitopes were together by GPGPG and adjuvant linker to enhance immune response efficacy. The 3D structure of the designed vaccine was modeled and conducted molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies were to check the binding efficacy with immune cells receptor and dynamic behavior of the docked complex. Finally, we concluded that the designed vaccine construct can provoke a proper and protective immune response against S. pseudopneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Attar
- University of Jeddah, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Aung N, Wong MYZ, Vargas JD, Naderi H, Sanghvi MM, Raisi-Estabragh Z, Suinesiaputra A, Bonazzola R, Attar R, Ravikumar N, Hann E, Neubauer S, Piechnik SK, Frangi AJ, Petersen SE. Concurrent left ventricular myocardial diffuse fibrosis and left atrial dysfunction strongly predicts incident heart failure and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation
Academy of Medical Sciences
Background
LV myocardial interstitial fibrosis has been reported to influence LA morphology and function via LV remodelling and diastolic dysfunction. However, this association, as well as their combined influence on clinical outcomes remains poorly characterised.
Aim
To evaluate the relationship between left ventricular (LV) fibrosis quantified by native T1 times and left atrial (LA) global and phasic function and their impact on clinical outcomes.
Methods
A total of 40,818 UK Biobank participants with cardiovascular magnetic resonance data were included. Native T1 mapping was performed using Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery sequence with global myocardial T1 estimated by an automatic segmentation framework. Ten parameters of LA phasic function were calculated from normalised LA volume-time curves derived by a three-dimensional sparse active shape model. LV parameters (mass, end-diastolic volume, and ejection fraction) were extracted by a fully convolutional neural network. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the associations between T1 and LA parameters. Lastly, survival analysis was performed to assess the interplay between T1, LA function and incident heart failure, atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and all-cause mortality.
Results
The mean age of study population was 64.0 ± 7.7 years; 47.8% were men. Higher T1 values were associated with larger LA minimum size (Beta= 0.89ml per 100ms; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.62, 1.17), and lower LA global emptying fraction (Beta= -0.012 per 100ms; CI= -0.015, -0.010), LA reservoir function (Beta= -0.060 per 100ms; CI= -0.083, -0.037) and LA booster function (Beta= -0.014 per 100ms; CI= -0.017, -0.011). Among LA phasic functional parameters, LA booster function is most strongly associated with T1. Survival analysis revealed concurrent high T1 and low LA function had a significant influence on incident heart failure (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 2.99; CI=1.91,2.01), atrial fibrillation (HR = 4.86; CI=3.51-6.54), MACE (HR = 1.86; CI = 1.36-2.54) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.86; CI=1.22-2.82) compared to either parameter alone, even after accounting for LV parameters (Figure 1).
Conclusion
This is the first study to robustly demonstrate the associations between myocardial diffuse fibrosis and reduced LA global and phasic functional measurements. We reveal the independent prognostic role of high T1 values accompanied by low LA function in predicting adverse clinical outcomes in a general population. These findings advance our understanding of the relationships between myocardial fibrosis and LA biomechanics at an early, subclinical stage, and highlight the additive value of incorporating these biomarkers into clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aung
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Y Z Wong
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J D Vargas
- Veterans Affairs Medical Centre , Washington DC , United States of America
| | - H Naderi
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M M Sanghvi
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - Z Raisi-Estabragh
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Suinesiaputra
- University of Leeds, School of Computing , Leeds , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Bonazzola
- University of Leeds, School of Computing , Leeds , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Attar
- University of Leeds, School of Computing , Leeds , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - N Ravikumar
- University of Leeds, School of Computing , Leeds , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E Hann
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Neubauer
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S K Piechnik
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A J Frangi
- University of Leeds, School of Computing , Leeds , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S E Petersen
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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12
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Wong M, Vargas JD, Naderi H, Sanghvi M, Raisi-Estabragh Z, Suinesiaputra A, Bonazzola R, Attar R, Ravikumar N, Hann E, Piechnik SK, Neubauer S, Frangi AF, Petersen SE, Aung N. The association between native myocardial T1 relaxation times and left atrial phasic structure and function: the UK Biobank Imaging Enhancement study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Left ventricular (LV) myocardial fibrosis is posited to result in left atrial (LA) changes via LV remodelling and diastolic dysfunction, though the association remains poorly characterised. Native myocardial T1 mapping is a non-invasive modality that quantifies diffuse myocardial fibrosis. This study examines the relationship between LV fibrosis (quantified by native T1 times) and LA function, drawing upon data from the UK Biobank.
Methods
40,818 participants underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) using steady-state free precession imaging at 1.5 Tesla. Native T1-mapping was performed using the Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery technique (ShMOLLI), with global myocardial T1 estimated by an automatic segmentation framework. Nine parameters of LA phasic function were calculated (representing global, reservoir, conduit and booster components) from normalised LA volume-time curves. LV parameters (LV Mass, end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction) were extracted by a convolutional neural network. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between T1 (exposure) and LA function (outcome). Mediation analysis was performed to assess the role of LV parameters as a mediator for the association between T1 and LA function. Lastly, potential non-linear relationships between T1 and LA function were investigated using Restrictive Cubic Spline (RCS) modelling, with model fit assessed via the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC).
Results
Higher T1 values were positively associated with larger LA volumes, and negatively associated with markers of LA global, reservoir and booster function. In the fully adjusted model, T1 was positively associated with larger LA minimum size (Beta: +0.034 SD per T1 SD; Confidence Interval (CI): 0.024, 0.045), and negatively associated with LA emptying volume (Beta: −0.017; CI: −0.027, −0.006), LA booster volume (Beta: −0.019; CI: −0.030, −0.008), LA emptying fraction (Beta: −0.052; CI: −0.062, −0.041), and LA reservoir function (Beta: −0.028; CI: −0.039, −0.017). Though adjustment for LV parameters did not fully attenuate the above relationships, LV parameters were consistent mediators between T1 and LA function, with proportional mediative effects ranging from 15% to 75%. Lastly, there is evidence of an inverted J-shaped relationship between T1 and LA function, with the associations becoming more apparent in the upper half of T1 ranges (turning points within 925–950 ms, median T1 = 930 ms) (p<0.05).
Conclusion
This study demonstrates a consistent association between higher native T1 values (as a marker of myocardial fibrosis) and lower LA global and phasic functions. We also highlighted an interplay between T1 values, LV remodelling and LA dysfunction. These findings will facilitate our understanding of the disease processes underlying cardiac dysfunction and myocardial remodelling at an early, subclinical stage.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): This work was part of the portfolio of translational research of the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryDr Nay Aung is supported by a Wellcome Trust Research Training Fellowship (203553/Z/16/Z)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wong
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, William Harvey Research Institute, , London , United Kingdom
| | - J D Vargas
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, William Harvey Research Institute, , London , United Kingdom
| | - H Naderi
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, William Harvey Research Institute, , London , United Kingdom
| | - M Sanghvi
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, William Harvey Research Institute, , London , United Kingdom
| | - Z Raisi-Estabragh
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, William Harvey Research Institute, , London , United Kingdom
| | - A Suinesiaputra
- University of Leeds, School of Computing , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - R Bonazzola
- University of Leeds, School of Computing , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - R Attar
- University of Leeds, School of Computing , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - N Ravikumar
- University of Leeds, School of Computing , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - E Hann
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - S K Piechnik
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - S Neubauer
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - A F Frangi
- University of Leeds, School of Computing , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - S E Petersen
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, William Harvey Research Institute, , London , United Kingdom
| | - N Aung
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, William Harvey Research Institute, , London , United Kingdom
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13
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Kocer Yazici MG, Yesiladali M, Gumusoglu E, Alagoz O, Attar R, Yildirim G, Attar E. SPERM CONCENTRATION, SPERM MOTILITY AND TOTAL MOTILE SPERM COUNT ARE NOT AFFECTED BY CORONOVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) INFECTION. Fertil Steril 2022. [PMCID: PMC9595320 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.08.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ece Gumusoglu
- Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Alagoz
- Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Erkut Attar
- Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Malik DES, Attar R, Ozbey U, Romero MA, Yulaevna IM, Purenovic J. Multifunctional role of Nobiletin in cancer chemoprevention. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2022. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.7.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of highly bioactive and pharmacologically active natural products which recognize essential biological targets having exquisite specificity, constitutes a massive pharmacological database for discovery of valuable drugs. The rapid accumulation of information has revealed chemopreventive role of nobiletin against wide variety of cancers. Recent efforts are now being expanded and new integrative omics technologies have illuminated continuously upgrading list of molecular mechanisms which underlie carcinogenesis and metastasis. In this mini-review, we explore the progress that has been made in the identification of promising molecular targets of nobiletin.
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15
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Sohail I, Malkani N, Tahir N, Khalil A, Attar R, Mumtaz S. Silymarin protects the liver from α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestasis by modulating the expression of genes involved in bile acid homeostasis. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2022. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.7.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis is characterized by impaired bile flow which results in inflammation, cirrhosis, and ultimately liver failure. The current study is aimed to evaluate the anti-cholestatic effect of silymarin against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) induced cholestasis. Mice were gavaged with various doses of silymarin or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for 19 days. Then they were challenged with α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) and after 48 hours the animals were sacrificed to obtain blood and liver sections. Serum levels of bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALP), and liver histology were analyzed. mRNA expression of selected transporters (Bile salt export pump (BSEP) and sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP)) and proteins (farnesoid x receptor (FXR) and Cytochrome P450 Family 7 Subfamily A Member 1 (Cyp7a1)) involved in bile acids biosynthesis, excretion and uptake were also evaluated by quantitative PCR. The results indicated that the serum levels of bilirubin, AST, and ALP were significantly higher in a cholestatic model group as compared to an untreated control group. However, in silymarin groups, the serum level of these parameters is significantly lower than in a cholestatic model group. Liver histology also showed that silymarin prevents ANIT-induced hepatic injury. mRNA expression of FXR, BSEP, and NTCP was downregulated and expression of Cyp7a1 was upregulated in a cholestatic model group as compared to an untreated control group. However, in silymarin treatment groups, the expression of FXR, BSEP and NTCP was upregulated and the expression of Cyp7a1 was downregulated as compared to the cholestatic model group. In conclusion, silymarin could alleviate hepatic injury by modulating the expression of genes involved in bile acid homeostasis.
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16
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Sohail I, Malkani N, Tahir N, Khalil A, Attar R, Mumtaz S. Silymarin protects the liver from α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestasis by modulating the expression of genes involved in bile acid homeostasis. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2022; 68:208-212. [PMID: 36495494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis is characterized by impaired bile flow which results in inflammation, cirrhosis, and ultimately liver failure. The current study is aimed to evaluate the anti-cholestatic effect of silymarin against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) induced cholestasis. Mice were gavaged with various doses of silymarin or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for 19 days. Then they were challenged with α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) and after 48 hours the animals were sacrificed to obtain blood and liver sections. Serum levels of bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALP), and liver histology were analyzed. mRNA expression of selected transporters (Bile salt export pump (BSEP) and sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP)) and proteins (farnesoid x receptor (FXR) and Cytochrome P450 Family 7 Subfamily A Member 1 (Cyp7a1)) involved in bile acids biosynthesis, excretion and uptake were also evaluated by quantitative PCR. The results indicated that the serum levels of bilirubin, AST, and ALP were significantly higher in a cholestatic model group as compared to an untreated control group. However, in silymarin groups, the serum level of these parameters is significantly lower than in a cholestatic model group. Liver histology also showed that silymarin prevents ANIT-induced hepatic injury. mRNA expression of FXR, BSEP, and NTCP was downregulated and expression of Cyp7a1 was upregulated in a cholestatic model group as compared to an untreated control group. However, in silymarin treatment groups, the expression of FXR, BSEP and NTCP was upregulated and the expression of Cyp7a1 was downregulated as compared to the cholestatic model group. In conclusion, silymarin could alleviate hepatic injury by modulating the expression of genes involved in bile acid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Sohail
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Naila Malkani
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Nimra Tahir
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ateeb Khalil
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sidra Mumtaz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
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17
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Malik DES, Attar R, Ozbey U, Romero MA, Yulaevna IM, Purenovic J. Multifunctional role of Nobiletin in cancer chemoprevention. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2022; 68:200-207. [PMID: 36495495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of highly bioactive and pharmacologically active natural products which recognize essential biological targets having exquisite specificity, constitutes a massive pharmacological database for discovery of valuable drugs. The rapid accumulation of information has revealed chemopreventive role of nobiletin against wide variety of cancers. Recent efforts are now being expanded and new integrative omics technologies have illuminated continuously upgrading list of molecular mechanisms which underlie carcinogenesis and metastasis. In this mini-review, we explore the progress that has been made in the identification of promising molecular targets of nobiletin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey.
| | - Ulku Ozbey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Munzur University, Turkey.
| | - Mirna Azalea Romero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Av. Solidaridad S/N, Colonia Hornos Insurgentes, cp 39300, Acapulco, Guerrero México.
| | | | - Jelena Purenovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Cacak University of Kragujevac, Cacak, Serbia.
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18
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Altınkılıç EM, Bayrakdar S, Seymen Karabulut G, Haliloğlu B, Attar R. The role of circulating miRNAs in leptin resistance in obese children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:761-766. [PMID: 35452574 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leptin resistance is one of the important causes of obesity in children. Besides known causes of leptin resistance like mutations in leptin and leptin receptor genes, overexpression of SOCS3 in arcuate nucleus is a potential cause of leptin resistance. We aimed to determine the effects of circulating miRNAs on leptin resistance in obese children by targeting SOCS3 pathway. METHODS miRNAs potentially targeting SOCS3 were determined by using online target prediction databases. Polymorphisms in miRNA target sequences were determined by using online genome browsers. miRNA expression levels of obese (n=35) and non-obese (n=30) children were determined by qPCR method, genotyping were performed by real-time PCR method and serum leptin, leptin receptor and SOCS3 levels were measured by ELISA method. RESULTS miRNA profiling have shown that serum miR-218-5p levels are significantly (p<0.05) increased in accordance with serum leptin levels in obese children. CONCLUSIONS In this study we used target prediction methods for evaluating potential miRNAs which may involve in development of leptin resistance. We have shown that miR-218-5p might be taking part in leptin resistance in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Murat Altınkılıç
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institude, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selami Bayrakdar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülcan Seymen Karabulut
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Belma Haliloğlu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Farooqi A, Zahid R, Naureen H, Attar R, Gazouli M, Berardi R, Szelachowska J, Matkowski R, Pawlak E. Regulation of ROCK1/2 by long non‑coding RNAs and circular RNAs in different cancer types (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:159. [PMID: 35399329 PMCID: PMC8987920 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in high-throughput technologies have enabled the development of a better understanding of the functionalities of rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) under various physiological and pathological conditions. Since their discovery in the late 1990s, ROCKs have attracted the attention of interdisciplinary researchers due to their ability to pleiotropically modulate a myriad of cellular mechanisms. A rapidly growing number of published studies have started to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the regulation of ROCK1 and ROCK2 via long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in different types of cancer. Detailed analyses have suggested that lncRNAs may be characteristically divided into oncogenic and tumor suppressor lncRNAs. Several exciting recent discoveries have also indicated how different lncRNAs and circRNAs modulate ROCK1/2 and mediate multistep cancer onset and progression. The present review chronicles the major advances that have been made in our understanding of the regulatory role of ROCK1/2 in different types of cancer, and how wide-ranging lncRNAs and circRNAs potentiate ROCK-driven signaling by blocking the targeting activities of tumor suppressor microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rabbia Zahid
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Punjab, Lahore 43000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Naureen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University 34280, Turkey
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 54634, Greece
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Oncology Clinic‑Marche Polytechnic University, Azienda Ospedaliero‑Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I‑GM Lancisi‑G Salesi di Ancona, I‑60126 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 53‑413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Pawlak
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-013 Wroclaw, Poland
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20
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Farooqi AA, Wen R, Attar R, Taverna S, Butt G, Xu B. Regulation of Cell-Signaling Pathways by Berbamine in Different Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052758. [PMID: 35269900 PMCID: PMC8911410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural product research is a cornerstone of the architectural framework of clinical medicine. Berbamine is a natural, potent, pharmacologically active biomolecule isolated from Berberis amurensis. Berbamine has been shown to modulate different oncogenic cell-signaling pathways in different cancers. In this review, we comprehensively analyze how berbamine modulates deregulated pathways (JAK/STAT, CAMKII/c-Myc) in various cancers. We systematically analyze how berbamine induces activation of the TGF/SMAD pathway for the effective inhibition of cancer progression. We also summarize different nanotechnological strategies currently being used for proficient delivery of berbamine to the target sites. Berbamine has also been reported to demonstrate potent anti-cancer and anti-metastatic effects in tumor-bearing mice. The regulation of non-coding RNAs by berbamine is insufficiently studied, and future studies must converge on the identification of target non-coding RNAs. A better understanding of the regulatory role of berbamine in the modulation of non-coding RNAs and cell-signaling pathways will be advantageous in the effective translation of laboratory findings to clinically effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Ru Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey;
| | - Simona Taverna
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ghazala Butt
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-756-2620636
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21
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Malik DES, Romero MA, Halim SFM, Elsori D, Youssef L, Yulaevna IM, Sabitaliyevich UY, Attar R. Frontiers of Ferroptosis in Cancer Treatment. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2022; 68:213-226. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent phenomenal advancements in genomic and proteomic technologies and rapid breakthroughs in the interpretation of large gene expression datasets have enabled scientists to comprehensively characterize the gene signatures involved in ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death that has gained the worthwhile attention of both basic and clinical researchers. Ferroptosis has dichotomous, context-dependent functions both as a tumor suppressor and promoter of carcinogenesis. Essentially, pharmacological modulation of ferroptosis by its induction as well as its inhibition holds enormous potential to overcome drug resistance and to improve the therapeutic potential of chemotherapeutic drugs in a wide variety of cancers.
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22
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Mobeen I, Romero MA, Yulaevna IM, Attar R, Jabeen S, Fayyaz S. Regulation of Cell Signaling Pathways by Genistein in Different Cancers: Progress, Prospects and Pitfalls. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2022; 67:318-329. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.6.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
On the translational front, integrative genomic approaches have spurred the identification of diverse mechanisms of drug resistance, tumor heterogeneity, metastasis and emerging preclinical targets. Recent breakthroughs in oncogenic cell signaling pathways have forged new links and multi-disciplinary researchers have unraveled different facets of signaling landscapes. Natural product research has witnessed breakneck developments mainly in the context of the ever-expanding list of bioactive components having significantly pharmacological properties. Genistein has gradually gained appreciation because of its multifaceted roles in the prevention and inhibition of carcinogenesis and metastasis. More importantly, the entry of genistein into various phases of clinical trials substantiates the medicinal and pharmacological significance of genistein in cancer chemoprevention. In this review, we have attempted to summarize how genistein regulated different oncogenic pathways in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, genistein-mediated regulation of non-coding RNAs is also an interesting feature that has been included in this review to realistically analyze how genistein-mediated control of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs influence carcinogenesis. In the later sections, we have provided a summary of clinical trials related to genistein for cancer prevention/inhibition. However, apart from the optimistic approaches to further investigate genistein-mediated cancer-inhibitory effects, certain hints have emerged which underscore the pro-metastatic role of genistein. Therefore, the pro-metastatic role of genistein in different cancers should be rationally tested in a broader context because these properties in the future may reduce the enthusiasm in the quest to pursue genistein as a potent cancer chemopreventive agent.
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23
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Attar R, McClinchy J. A cross-sectional study on health perceptions, dietary habits, supplements and quality of life in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Attar R, Panah T, Romero MA, Yulaevna IM, Gazouli M, Berardi R, Wieczorek E, Farooqi AA. Overview of the signaling pathways involved in metastasis: An intriguing story-tale of the metastatic journey of ovarian cancer cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2021; 67:212-223. [PMID: 34933706 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.3.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wealth of information has revolutionized our understanding related to the genetics and functional genomics of this heterogeneous disease. Keeping in view the heterogeneity of ovarian cancer, long-term survival might be achieved by translation of recently emerging mechanistic insights at the cellular and molecular levels to personalize individual strategies for treatment and to identify biomarkers for early detection. Importantly, the motility and invasive properties of ovarian cancer cells are driven by a repertoire of signaling cascades, many components of which have been experimentally verified as therapeutic targets in preclinical models as well as in clinical trials. Scientific evidence garnered over decades of research has deconvoluted the highly intricate intertwined network of intracellular signaling pathways which played fundamental role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. In this review we have provided a compendium of myriad of signaling cascades which have been documented to play critical role in the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. We have partitioned this multi-component review into different sections to individually discuss and summarize the roles of TGF/SMAD, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-Catenin, NOTCH, SHH/GLI, mTORC1/mTORC2, VEGFR and Hippo/YAP pathways in ovarian cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey.
| | | | - Mirna Azalea Romero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Av. Solidaridad S/N, Colonia Hornos Insurgentes, cp 39300, Acapulco, Guerrero México.
| | | | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Clinica Oncologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche - Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Edyta Wieczorek
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), 24 Mauve Area, Sector G-9/1, Islamabad 54000, Pakistan.
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Lin X, Attar R, Mobeen I, Yulaevna IM, Aras A, Butt G, Farooqi AA. Regulation of cell signaling pathways by Schisandrin in different cancers: Opting for "Swiss Army Knife" instead of "Blunderbuss". Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2021; 67:25-32. [PMID: 34817341 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There has been an exponential growth in the field of molecular oncology and cutting-edge research has enabled us to develop a better understanding of therapeutically challenging nature of cancer. Based on the mechanistic insights garnered from decades of research, puzzling mysteries of multifaceted nature of cancer have been solved to a greater extent. Our rapidly evolving knowledge about deregulated oncogenic cell signaling pathways has allowed us to dissect different oncogenic transduction cascades which play critical role in cancer onset, progression and metastasis. Pharmacological targeting of deregulated pathways has attracted greater than ever attention in the recent years. Henceforth, discovery and identification of high-quality biologically active chemicals and products is gaining considerable momentum. There has been an explosion in the dimension of natural product research because of tremendous potential of chemopreventive and pharmaceutical significance of natural products. Schisandrin is mainly obtained from Schisandra chinensis. Schisandrin has been shown to be effective against different cancers because of its ability to inhibit/prevent cancer via modulation of different cell signaling pathways. Importantly, regulation of non-coding RNAs by schisandrin is an exciting area of research that still needs detailed and comprehensive research. However, we still have unresolved questions about pharmacological properties of schisandrin mainly in context of its regulatory role in TGF/SMAD, SHH/GLI, NOTCH and Hippo pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000 China.
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey.
| | - Iqra Mobeen
- Khursheed Rasheed Hospital Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Aliye Aras
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Butt G, Ozbey U, Malik DES, Attar R, Youssef L, Farooqi AA. Regulation of cell signaling pathways by Wogonin in different cancers: Mechanistic review. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2021; 67:1-7. [PMID: 34817345 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have historically been invaluable as a premium source of therapeutic agents. Recent advancements in genomics and structural biology have portrayed a high-resolution landscape of the diversity of proteins targeted by pharmacologically active products from natural sources. Natural product research has generated valuable wealth of information and cutting-edge research-works have leveraged our conceptual knowledge altogether to a new level. Wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) is an O-methylated flavone and has attracted noteworthy appreciation because of its ability to pharmacologically target plethora of cell signaling pathways in different cancers. In this mini-review, we have gathered scattered pieces of available scientific evidence to summarize how wogonin pharmaceutically targeted Wnt/?-catenin, JAK/STAT, VEGF/VEGFR and TRAIL-driven apoptotic pathways in wide variety of cancers. We have also critically analyzed how wogonin prevented carcinogenesis and metastasis in tumor-bearing mice. Although researchers have uncovered pleiotropic role of wogonin in the regulation of different oncogenic signaling cascades but there are visible knowledge gaps in our understanding related to regulation of non-coding RNAs by wogonin. Future studies must converge on the unraveling of additional drug targets for wogonin to achieve a fuller and realistic understanding of the chemopreventive properties of wogonin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulku Ozbey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Munzur University, Turkey.
| | | | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey.
| | - Lara Youssef
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand (UOB), Al-Kurah, Lebanon.
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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Farooqi AA, Tahir F, Fakhar M, Butt G, Colombo Pimentel T, Wu N, Yulaevna IM, Attar R. Antimetastatic effects of Citrus-derived bioactive ingredients: Mechanistic insights. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2021; 67:178-186. [PMID: 34817319 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.2.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The growing complexity of metastasis has sparked tremendous interest in unraveling of the underlying mechanisms which play fundamental role in cancer progression and metastasis. Ground-breaking discoveries in metastasis research have greatly enhanced our understanding about intricate nature of metastasis. Bioactive chemicals obtained from citrus fruits have gained noteworthy appreciation because of significant cancer chemopreventive roles. Deregulated oncogenic signaling cascades play central role in metastasis. Emerging evidence has started to shed light on the metastasis inhibitory properties of naringin, naringenin, tangeretin, nobiletin, hesperidin and hesperetin in different cancer cell lines and xenografted mice. Wnt/?-catenin, TGF/SMAD and NOTCH signaling cascades have been shown to play linchpin role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. There is emerging evidence related to pharmacological targeting of Wnt/?-catenin, TGF/SMAD and NOTCH by citrus-derived bioactive components. These findings are indeed encouraging and will enable researchers to gain further insights into pharmacological targeting of oncogenic pathways to inhibit and prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | | - Ning Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China .
| | | | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey.
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Farooqi AA, Attar R, Yulaevna IM, Berardi R. Interaction of long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs with microRNAs for the regulation of immunological responses in human cancers. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:63-71. [PMID: 34090752 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing technologies have enabled us to deconvolve immune system heterogeneity by identification of functionally distinct immune cell subsets in disease and health. Discovery of non-coding RNAs has opened new horizons for re-interpretation of regulatory roles of myriad of cell signaling pathways in immunology and oncology. Role of miRNAs, circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the context of immunomodulation has just begun to be uncovered and future studies may further expand the repertoire of non-coding RNAs implicated in the regulatory circuits. One of the most recent and exciting aspect in molecular immunology is the delivery of non-coding RNAs through exosomes to the recipient cells which results in the re-wiring of different pathways and protein networks in recipient cells. Broader understanding of all of the layers of regulation in this system can provide useful information that could be harnessed to rationally translate laboratory findings into clinically effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | | | - Rossana Berardi
- Università Politecnica delle Marche - Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Italy
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29
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Fayyaz S, Attar R, Xu B, Sabitaliyevich UY, Adylova A, Fares M, Qureshi MZ, Yaylim I, Alaaeddine N. Realizing the Potential of Blueberry as Natural Inhibitor of Metastasis and Powerful Apoptosis Inducer: Tapping the Treasure Trove for Effective Regulation of Cell Signaling Pathways. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1780-1786. [PMID: 32160854 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200311103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blueberries belong to the genus Vaccinium of the family Ericaceae. Rapidly accumulating experimentally verified data is uncovering the tremendous pharmacological properties of biologically active constituents of blueberries against different diseases. Our rapidly evolving knowledge about the multifaceted nature of cancer has opened new horizons to search for different strategies to target multiple effectors of oncogenic networks to effectively inhibit cancer onset and progression. Excitingly, whole blueberry powder and various bioactive constituents (pterostilbene, malvidin-3-galactoside) of blueberries have been shown to efficiently inhibit metastasis in animal models. These results are encouraging and future studies must focus on the identification of cell signaling pathways effectively modulated by blueberries in different cancers. It seems exciting to note that researchers are focusing on metastasis inhibitory effects of blueberry; however, to reap full benefits, it is necessary to take a step back and critically re-interpret the mechanisms used by active components of blueberry to inhibit or prevent metastasis. JAK/STAT, TGF/SMAD, Notch, SHH/GLI, and Wnt/ β-Catenin have been shown to be directly involved in the regulation of metastasis. However, because of limited studies, it is difficult to critically assess the true potential of blueberry. Loss of apoptosis, metastasis and deregulation of signaling pathways are branching trajectories of molecular oncology. Accordingly, we have to emphasize on these essential facets to realistically claim blueberry as "Superfood". Different clinical trials have been conducted to gather clinical evidence about the chemopreventive role of blueberry or its bioactive components in cancer patients. But it seems clear that because of the lack of sufficient proof-of-concept studies, we cannot extract significant information about the transition of blueberry into the next phases of clinical trials. Overview of the existing scientific evidence revealed visible knowledge gaps and a better understanding of the targets of blueberry will be helpful in efficient and meaningful translation of laboratory findings to clinically effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Fayyaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Rashid Latif Medical College (RLMC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Uteuliyev Y Sabitaliyevich
- Department of Postgraduate Education and Research, Kazakhstan Medical University KSPH, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Aima Adylova
- Department of Postgraduate Education and Research, Kazakhstan Medical University KSPH, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Muhammad Z Qureshi
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilhan Yaylim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nada Alaaeddine
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Farooqi AA, Naureen H, Attar R. Regulation of cell signaling pathways by circular RNAs and microRNAs in different cancers: Spotlight on Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, TGF/SMAD, SHH/GLI, NOTCH and Hippo pathways. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:72-81. [PMID: 33863643 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Groundbreaking discoveries in molecular oncology have leveraged our understanding altogether to a new level. Mapping of plethora of cell signaling pathways has enabled researchers to drill down deep into the intermeshed regulatory networks which crosstalk to promote carcinogenesis and metastasis. More importantly, discovery of non-coding RNAs has added new layers of complexity to already complicated nature of cell signaling pathways. The discovery of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has opened the door to an ever-widening understanding of cellular processes that are controlled or influenced by circRNAs. In this review, we have summarized most recent advancements in our understanding related to interplay between circular RNAs and microRNAs for the regulation of NOTCH, Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo, SHH/GLI, JAK/STAT and TGF/SMAD pathways in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Humaira Naureen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey
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Abaoğlu İY, Güleç Yılmaz S, Akdeniz FT, Attar R, Barut Z, Dalan AB, İsbir T. Investigation of Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene Val158Met polymorphism in ovarian cancer. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2021; 22:42-46. [PMID: 33389924 PMCID: PMC7944234 DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2020.2020.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), the product of the COMT gene, detoxifies the carcinogenic catechol estrogens. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between COMT Val158Met polymorphism and the risk of ovarian cancer. Material and Methods: The study groups consist of 94 individuals as a patients group with ovarian cancer (n=47) and control group (n=47). The allele and genotype frequencies were determined according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The allele and genotype frequencies. determined according to HWE. Genetic analysis were performed by real-time-polymerase chain reaction instrument, and the statistical analysis were performed by SPSS program. Results: Although no significant relationship was obtained among groups (p=0.413) regarding COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism, the genotype frequencies for COMT Val158Met (rs4860) polymorphism in groups was homozygote wild type GG genotype 25.5%, heterozygote GA genotype 46.8%, homozygote mutant AA genotype 27.7%. Conclusion: This study is the first to investigate the relationship between ovarian cancer and the Val158Met polymorphism in the COMT gene in a Turkish population. No statistically significant relationship was identified among genotypes belonging to the patient and control groups although sample sizes were relatively small and the analysis should be repeated in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek Yağmur Abaoğlu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Güleç Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Tuba Akdeniz
- Department of Medical Biology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Barut
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Antalya Bilim University Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Altay Burak Dalan
- Department of Medical Biology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgay İsbir
- Department of Medical Biology, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Adylova A, Mukhanbetzhanovna AA, Attar R, Yulaevna IM, Farooqi AA. Regulation of TGFβ/SMAD signaling by long non-coding RNAs in different cancers: Dark Knight in the Castle of molecular oncology. Noncoding RNA Res 2021; 6:23-28. [PMID: 33511320 PMCID: PMC7814108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the complex themes in recent years has been the multi-layered regulation of TGFβ signaling in cancer cells. TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway is a highly complicated web of proteins which work spatio-temporally to regulate multiple steps of carcinogenesis. TGFβ/SMAD has been shown to dualistically regulate cancer progression. Therefore, TGFβ/SMAD signaling behaves as a “double-edged sword” in molecular oncology. Accordingly, regulation of TGFβ/SMAD is multi-layered because of oncogenic and tumor suppressor long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). In this review, we have summarized most recent breakthroughs in our understanding related to regulation of TGFβ/SMAD signaling by lncRNAs. We have comprehensively analyzed how different lncRNAs positively and negatively regulate TGFβ/SMAD signaling in different cancers. We have gathered missing pieces of an incomplete jig-saw puzzle of lncRNA-interactome ranging from “sponge effects” of lncRNAs to mechanistic modulation of TGFβ/SMAD signaling by lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aima Adylova
- Biomedical Engineering & Molecular Medicine PhD candidate, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | | | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey
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Farooqi AA, Attar R, Tanriover G, Sabitaliyevich UY, Zhailganov A, Rabandiyarov M. Regulation of NLRP3 by non-coding RNAs in different cancers: interplay between non-coding RNAs and NLRP3 in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2020.66.8.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasomes are multitasking intracellular sensors having characteristically unique ability to detect myriad of microbial motifs and endogenous danger signals which promote structural assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome thus enabling it to perform instrumental roles. Detailed mechanistic insights revealed that molecularly assembled NLRP3 inflammasomes stimulated caspase-1-driven release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. NLRP3 has been shown to play fundamental role in the regulation of cancer progression and metastasis. Recently emerging cutting-edge research-works have started to shed light on the involvement of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of NLRP3 in different cancers. MicroRNAs, lncRNAs and circular RNAs have been shown to modulate NLRP3 in different diseases. However, we still have incomplete information about regulation of NLRP3 by circular RNAs in various cancers. In this review, we will comprehensively analyze how different microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs modulate NLRP3 in human cancers. Emerging evidence has started to scratch the surface of the participation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the regulation of NLRP3. Xenografted mice-based studies have also enabled us to develop a better comprehension of interplay between miRNAs, lncRNAs and NLRP3. Hopefully, detailed analysis of contextual regulation of NLRP3 by oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs will be helpful in getting a step closer to the personalized medicine.
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Farooqi AA, Attar R, Tanriover G, Sabitaliyevich UY, Zhailganov A, Rabandiyarov M. Regulation of NLRP3 by non-coding RNAs in different cancers: interplay between non-coding RNAs and NLRP3 in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:47-51. [PMID: 34174977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasomes are multitasking intracellular sensors having characteristically unique ability to detect myriad of microbial motifs and endogenous danger signals which promote structural assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome thus enabling it to perform instrumental roles. Detailed mechanistic insights revealed that molecularly assembled NLRP3 inflammasomes stimulated caspase-1-driven release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. NLRP3 has been shown to play fundamental role in the regulation of cancer progression and metastasis. Recently emerging cutting-edge research-works have started to shed light on the involvement of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of NLRP3 in different cancers. MicroRNAs, lncRNAs and circular RNAs have been shown to modulate NLRP3 in different diseases. However, we still have incomplete information about regulation of NLRP3 by circular RNAs in various cancers. In this review, we will comprehensively analyze how different microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs modulate NLRP3 in human cancers. Emerging evidence has started to scratch the surface of the participation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the regulation of NLRP3. Xenografted mice-based studies have also enabled us to develop a better comprehension of interplay between miRNAs, lncRNAs and NLRP3. Hopefully, detailed analysis of contextual regulation of NLRP3 by oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs will be helpful in getting a step closer to the personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriover
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya/Turkey
| | - Uteuliyev Yerzhan Sabitaliyevich
- Department of Health Policy and Health Care Development, Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty 050004, Kazakhstan
| | - Azamat Zhailganov
- Department of Neurosurgery, City Children's Clinical Hospital N°2, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Marat Rabandiyarov
- Department of Neurosurgery, City Children's Clinical Hospital N°2, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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35
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Farooqi AA, Naureen H, Yilmaz S, Sabitaliyevich UY, Zhailganov A, Rabandiyarov M, Ucak I, Karasholakova L, Attar R. TRAIL mediated signaling in different cancers: cancer in the "Crosshairs". Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2020.66.8.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a therapeutically challenging disease because of its heterogeneous and multifaceted nature. Decades of research have sequentially and systematically enabled us to develop a sharper and better understanding of the heterogeneous nature of cancer. Genetic, genomic and proteomic studies have unraveled wide-ranging signaling cascades which play cornerstone role in disease onset and progression. More importantly, activation of pro-survival signaling and loss of apoptosis also play critical role in cancer progression. TRAIL-mediated signaling pathway has emerged as one of the most comprehensively analyzed cascade because of its exceptional ability to target cancer cells while leaving normal cells intact. TRAIL discovery and landmark achievements related to TRAIL/TRAIL-receptor signaling pathway attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, scientists started to add missing pieces to an incomplete jig-saw puzzle and allowed contemporary researchers to conceptualize a better molecular snapshot of TRAIL-induced signaling in various cancers. Circumstantial evidence illuminated a functionally unique "push and pull" between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins in different cancers. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins and inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins shifted the balance towards loss of apoptosis. There has been a breakneck increase in the number of clinical trials related to TRAIL-based therapeutics which validate the true pharmacological potential of TRAIL-based therapeutics as effective anticancer agents. However, apart from advancements in our clinical understanding about the efficacy of TRAIL-based therapeutics, researchers have also faced setbacks in the field of translational medicine. Therefore, in this review, we have attempted to set spotlight on the most recent and landmark discoveries which have leveraged our understanding related to TRAIL-mediated signaling altogether to a new level.
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Farooqi AA, Naureen H, Yilmaz S, Sabitaliyevich UY, Zhailganov A, Rabandiyarov M, Ucak I, Karasholakova L, Attar R. TRAIL mediated signaling in different cancers: cancer in the "Crosshairs". Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:1-8. [PMID: 34174975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a therapeutically challenging disease because of its heterogeneous and multifaceted nature. Decades of research have sequentially and systematically enabled us to develop a sharper and better understanding of the heterogeneous nature of cancer. Genetic, genomic and proteomic studies have unraveled wide-ranging signaling cascades which play cornerstone role in disease onset and progression. More importantly, activation of pro-survival signaling and loss of apoptosis also play critical role in cancer progression. TRAIL-mediated signaling pathway has emerged as one of the most comprehensively analyzed cascade because of its exceptional ability to target cancer cells while leaving normal cells intact. TRAIL discovery and landmark achievements related to TRAIL/TRAIL-receptor signaling pathway attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, scientists started to add missing pieces to an incomplete jig-saw puzzle and allowed contemporary researchers to conceptualize a better molecular snapshot of TRAIL-induced signaling in various cancers. Circumstantial evidence illuminated a functionally unique "push and pull" between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins in different cancers. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins and inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins shifted the balance towards loss of apoptosis. There has been a breakneck increase in the number of clinical trials related to TRAIL-based therapeutics which validate the true pharmacological potential of TRAIL-based therapeutics as effective anticancer agents. However, apart from advancements in our clinical understanding about the efficacy of TRAIL-based therapeutics, researchers have also faced setbacks in the field of translational medicine. Therefore, in this review, we have attempted to set spotlight on the most recent and landmark discoveries which have leveraged our understanding related to TRAIL-mediated signaling altogether to a new level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Naureen
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Seher Yilmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Uteuliyev Yerzhan Sabitaliyevich
- Department of Health Policy and Health Care Development, Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty 050004, Kazakhstan
| | - Azamat Zhailganov
- Department of Neurosurgery, City Children's Clinical Hospital №2, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Marat Rabandiyarov
- Department of Neurosurgery, City Children's Clinical Hospital №2, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ilknur Ucak
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Lazzat Karasholakova
- Department of Agronomy and Technical disciplines, Zhetysu University named after Iliyas Zhansugurov, Str. I.Zhansugurov, 187А,Taldykorgan, 040009, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey
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Farooqi AA, Butt G, El-Zahaby SA, Attar R, Sabitaliyevich UY, Jovic JJ, Tang KF, Naureen H, Xu B. Luteolin mediated targeting of protein network and microRNAs in different cancers: Focus on JAK-STAT, NOTCH, mTOR and TRAIL-mediated signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Farooqi AA, Butt G, El-Zahaby SA, Attar R, Sabitaliyevich UY, Jovic JJ, Tang KF, Naureen H, Xu B. Luteolin mediated targeting of protein network and microRNAs in different cancers: Focus on JAK-STAT, NOTCH, mTOR and TRAIL-mediated signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105188. [PMID: 32919041 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has always been a keen interest of basic and clinical researchers to search for cancer therapeutics having minimum off-target effects and maximum anticancer activities. In accordance with this approach, there has been an explosion in the field of natural products research in the past few decades because of extra-ordinary list of natural extracts and their biologically and pharmacologically active constituents having significant medicinal properties. Apparently, luteolin-mediated anticancer effects have been investigated in different cancers but there is superfluousness of superficial data. Generalized scientific evidence encompassing apoptosis, DNA damage and anti-inflammatory effects has been reported extensively. However, how luteolin modulates deregulated oncogenic pathways in different cancers has not been comprehensively uncovered. In this review we have attempted to focus on cutting-edge research which has unveiled remarkable abilities of luteolin to modulate deregulated oncogenic pathways in different cancers. We have partitioned the review into various sections to separately discuss advancements in therapeutic targeting of oncogenic protein networks. We have provided detailed mechanistic insights related to JAK-STAT signaling and summarized how luteolin inhibited STAT proteins to inhibit STAT-driven gene network. We have also individually analyzed Wnt/β-catenin and NOTCH pathway and how luteolin effectively targeted these pathways. Mapping of the signaling landscape has revealed that NOTCH pathway can be targeted therapeutically. NOTCH pathway was noted to be targeted by luteolin. We have also conceptually analyzed how luteolin restored TRAIL-induced apoptosis in resistant cancers. Luteolin induced an increase in pro-apoptotic proteins and efficiently inhibited anti-apoptotic proteins to induce apoptosis. Luteolin mediated regulation of non-coding RNAs is an exciting and emerging facet. Excitingly, there is sequential and systematic accumulation of clues which have started to shed light on intricate regulation of microRNAs by luteolin in different cancers. Collectively, sophisticated information will enable us to develop a refined understanding of the multi-layered regulation of signaling pathways and non-coding RNAs by luteolin in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | | | - Sally A El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | - Uteuliyev Yerzhan Sabitaliyevich
- Department of Health Policy and Health Care Development, Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, 050004, Kazakhstan
| | - Jovana Joksimovic Jovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, SvetozaraMarkovića 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Kai-Fu Tang
- Digestive Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Humaira Naureen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China.
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Nayyab S, Naureen H, Maryam A, Attar R, Sabitaliyevich UY, Konysbayevna KK, Farooqi AA. Piceatannol mediated regulation of deregulated signaling pathways in different cancers: Tumbling of the ninepins of molecular oncology. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:157-163. [PMID: 33040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the recent technological advancements, a new golden era of natural products drug discovery has dawned. Increasingly it is being realized that structural modularity of many pharmacologically active products derived natural sources allows a building-block approach which can be exploited for analysis of regulation of deregulated oncogenic protein networks in different cancers. Piceatannol has been shown to effectively modulate JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, mTOR pathway in different cancers. In addition, certain hints have emerged which shed light on the regulation of microRNAs by piceatannol in some cancers. Regulation of deregulated oncogenic pathways by Piceatannol is gradually capturing attention and might be helpful in the multi-targeting of deregulated oncogenic networks in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawera Nayyab
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Naureen
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, İstanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Uteuliyev Yerzhan Sabitaliyevich
- Department of Health Policy and Health Care Development, Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty 050004, Kazakhstan
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Nayyab S, Naureen H, Maryam A, Attar R, Sabitaliyevich UY, Konysbayevna KK, Farooqi AA. Piceatannol mediated regulation of deregulated signaling pathways in different cancers: Tumbling of the ninepins of molecular oncology. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2020.66.6.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Butt G, Farooqi AA, Adylova A, Attar R, Yilmaz S, Konysbayevna KK, Sabitaliyevich UY, Gasparri ML, Xu B. Vitamin C as an Anticancer Agent: Regulation of Signaling Pathways. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1868-1875. [PMID: 32648842 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200710102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for effective treatment of cancer with minimum off-target effects and maximum clinical outcomes have remained overarching goals in the clinical oncology. Vitamin C has remained in the shadows of controversy since the past few decades; burgeoning evidence has started to shed light on wide-ranging anticancer effects exerted by Vitamin C to induce apoptosis in drug-resistant cancer cells, inhibit uncontrolled proliferation of the cancer cells and metastatic spread. Landmark achievements in molecular oncology have ushered in a new era, and researchers have focused on the identification of oncogenic pathways regulated by Vitamin C in different cancers. However, there are visible knowledge gaps in our understanding related to the ability of Vitamin C to modulate a myriad of transduction cascades. There are scattered pieces of scientific evidence about promising potential of Vitamin C to regulate JAK-STAT, TGF/SMAD, TRAIL and microRNAs in different cancers. However, published data is insufficient and needs to be investigated comprehensively to enable basic and clinical researchers to reap full benefits and promote result-oriented transition of Vitamin C into various phases of clinical trials. In this review, we will emphasize on available evidence related to the regulation of oncogenic cell signaling pathways by Vitamin C in different cancers. We will also highlight the conceptual gaps, which need detailed and cutting-edge research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Butt
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammad A Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aima Adylova
- Department of Postgraduate Education and Research, Kazakhstan Medical University KSPH, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seher Yilmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Uteuliyev Y Sabitaliyevich
- Department of Postgraduate Education and Research, Kazakhstan Medical University KSPH, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Maria L Gasparri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Farooqi AA, Zahid R, Maryam A, Naureen H, Attar R, Sabitaliyevich UY, Konysbayevna KK. TRAIL mediated signaling as a double-edged sword in pancreatic cancer: Analysis of brighter and darker sides of the pathway. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:215-220. [PMID: 32538774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genetic, genomic and proteomic studies have refined our concepts related to underlying mechanisms of pancreatic cancer. Increasingly sophisticated knowledge has started to shed light on the fact that pancreatic cancer harbored multiple epigenetic and genetic alterations and revealed complicated and dense tumor microenvironments. Our rapidly evolving knowledge about pancreatic cancer has helped us in identification of myriad of underlying mechanisms which play instrumental role in disease onset, drug resistance and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, loss of apoptosis is the cornerstone of cancer biology and researchers have devoted considerable attention to the versatile regulators involved in loss and restoration of apoptosis. Discovery of TNF/TNFR, FasL/Fas and TRAIL/TRAIL-R opened new horizons for detailed analysis of intracellular mechanisms regulated by these pro-apoptotic molecules. Decades of cutting-edge research helped in translation of TRAIL-based therapeutics into clinically effective therapeutics. In this review, we will focus specifically on groundbreaking achievements which have leveraged our concepts related to TRAIL-mediated signaling to yet another level. We will also discuss how basic and clinical scientists are making efforts to overcome the stumbling blocks associated with efficacy of TRAIL-based therapeutics against TRAIL-resistant pancreatic cancers. We partition this multi-component review into overview of the conceptual breakthroughs in regulation of TRAIL-mediated signaling in pancreatic cancers, push and pull between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins to regulate TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and how researchers have identified different natural and synthetic molecules to restore apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant pancreatic cancer. We have also summarized how long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) regulated TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. More importantly we will also set spotlight on the darker side of TRAIL/TRAIL-R pathway in pancreatic cancer. Circumstantial evidence highlighted cancer promoting role of TRAIL/TRAIL-R in pancreatic cancer. These diametrically opposed context-dependent roles of TRAIL-pathway are intriguing and need comprehensive research to address outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabbia Zahid
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Humaira Naureen
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | - Uteuliyev Yerzhan Sabitaliyevich
- Department of Health Policy and Health Care Development, Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty 050004, Kazakhstan
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Farooqi AA, Zahid R, Maryam A, Naureen H, Attar R, Sabitaliyevich UY, Konysbayevna KK. TRAIL mediated signaling as a double-edged sword in pancreatic cancer: Analysis of brighter and darker sides of the pathway. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2020.66.3.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Farooqi AA, Pinheiro M, Granja A, Farabegoli F, Reis S, Attar R, Sabitaliyevich UY, Xu B, Ahmad A. EGCG Mediated Targeting of Deregulated Signaling Pathways and Non-Coding RNAs in Different Cancers: Focus on JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-Catenin, TGF/SMAD, NOTCH, SHH/GLI, and TRAIL Mediated Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040951. [PMID: 32290543 PMCID: PMC7226503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have enabled us to develop a better and sharper understanding of multifaceted nature of cancer. Next-generation sequencing technologies have leveraged our existing knowledge related to intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity to the next level. Functional genomics have opened new horizons to explore deregulated signaling pathways in different cancers. Therapeutic targeting of deregulated oncogenic signaling cascades by products obtained from natural sources has shown promising results. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has emerged as a distinguished chemopreventive product because of its ability to regulate a myriad of oncogenic signaling pathways. Based on its scientifically approved anticancer activity and encouraging results obtained from preclinical trials, it is also being tested in various phases of clinical trials. A series of clinical trials associated with green tea extracts and EGCG are providing clues about significant potential of EGCG to mechanistically modulate wide ranging signal transduction cascades. In this review, we comprehensively analyzed regulation of JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF/SMAD, SHH/GLI, NOTCH pathways by EGCG. We also discussed most recent evidence related to the ability of EGCG to modulate non-coding RNAs in different cancers. Methylation of the genome is also a widely studied mechanism and EGCG has been shown to modulate DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and protein enhancer of zeste-2 (EZH2) in multiple cancers. Moreover, the use of nanoformulations to increase the bioavailability and thus efficacy of EGCG will be also addressed. Better understanding of the pleiotropic abilities of EGCG to modulate intracellular pathways along with the development of effective EGCG delivery vehicles will be helpful in getting a step closer to individualized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Marina Pinheiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreia Granja
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Fulvia Farabegoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir/İstanbul 34755, Turkey;
| | - Uteuliyev Yerzhan Sabitaliyevich
- Department of Health Policy and Health Care Development, Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty 050004, Kazakhstan;
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China;
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
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Farooqi AA, Adylova A, Sabitaliyevich UY, Attar R, Sohail MI, Yilmaz S. Recent updates on true potential of an anesthetic agent as a regulator of cell signaling pathways and non-coding RNAs in different cancers: Focusing on the brighter side of propofol. Gene 2020; 737:144452. [PMID: 32044408 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has always been a quest to search for synthetic and natural compounds having premium pharmacological properties and minimum off-target and/or side effects. Therefore, in accordance with this approach, scientists have given special attention to the molecules having remarkable ability to target oncogenic protein network, restore drug sensitivity and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. The mechanisms through which general anesthetics modulated wide-ranging deregulated cell signaling pathways and non-coding RNAs remained unclear. However, rapidly accumulating experimentally verified evidence has started to resolve this long-standing mystery and a knowledge about these important molecular targets has surfaced and how these drugs act at the molecular level is becoming more understandable. In this review we have given special attention to available evidence related to ability of propofol to modulate Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT and mTOR-driven pathway. Excitingly, great strides have been made in sharpening our concepts related to potential of propofol to modulate non-coding RNAs in different cancers. Collectively, these latest findings offer interesting, unexplored opportunities to target deregulated signaling pathways to induce apoptosis in drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aima Adylova
- Department of Postgraduate Education and Research, Kazakhstan Medical University KSPH, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | | | - Seher Yilmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
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Qureshi MZ, Attar R, Javed A, Sabitaliyevich UY, Adylova A, Konysbayevna KK, Buha A, Sohail MI, Aras A. Focusing on the brighter side of Sevoflurane: Realizing true potential of an anesthetic agent as a regulator of cell signaling pathways and microRNAs in different cancers. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2019; 65:7-10. [PMID: 32133979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reconceptualization of different anesthetics as anticancer agents has opened new horizons for a better and sharper analysis of true potential of Sevoflurane as a promising and frontline candidate in the pipeline of anticancer agents. Sevoflurane mediated regulation of cell signaling pathways and non-coding RNAs has leveraged our understanding to another level. There have been remarkable advancements in unraveling mechanistic insights related to the ability of sevoflurane to modulate microRNAs in different cancers. Astonishingly, sevoflurane mediated regulation of miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs have been more comprehensively addressed in ischemia-reperfusion injuries. However, researchers yet have to gather missing pieces of premium research-work to uncover mechanistic regulation of long non-coding RNAs by sevoflurane in various cancers. Sevoflurane modulated control of miRNAs have been reported in glioma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review we have attempted to summarize most recent cutting edge and high-impact experimental researches which have elucidated myriad of underlying mechanisms modulated by sevoflurane to inhibit cancer development and progression. Despite some of the amazing pharmacological properties of sevoflurane, it has been shown to possess darker side because of its involvement in positive regulation of metastasis. In accordance with this notion we have also summarized how sevoflurane enhanced migratory potential of different cancer cells in a separate section. Therefore, these aspects have to be tested in better designed experimental models to identify most relevant types of cancers which can be therapeutically targeted by sevoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Qureshi
- Deanship of Educational services, Department of Biochemistry, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | - Anam Javed
- Wexham Park Hospital, Wexham Street, Slough, Berkshire, SL2 4HL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aima Adylova
- Department of Postgraduate Education and Research, Kazakhstan Medical University KSPH, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | | | - Aliye Aras
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Qureshi MZ, Attar R, Javed A, Sabitaliyevich UY, Adylova A, Konysbayevna KK, Buha A, Sohail MI, Aras A. Focusing on the brighter side of Sevoflurane: Realizing true potential of an anesthetic agent as a regulator of cell signaling pathways and microRNAs in different cancers. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2019. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2019.65.8.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Attar R, Koul S, Jensen SE, Erlinge D, Andell P. P3627Characteristics and outcomes following myocardial infarction in patients with schizophrenia. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with schizophrenia are a high-risk population due to a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors that translates into increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Purpose
To describe the characteristics of patients with schizophrenia experiencing a myocardial infarction (MI) and to analyse the 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE: all-cause mortality, reinfarction, stroke and heart failure) and prescriptions of guideline-recommended secondary preventive treatments at hospital discharge.
Methods
All patients with schizophrenia who experienced a MI in the period between 2000–2017 were identified and included from the SWEDEHEART registry and compared to patients without schizophrenia. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier survival models were used to compare the populations.
Results
The main results are shown in Table 1. Compared to the general population (n=285,325), patients with schizophrenia (n=1,008) were younger (63 vs 71 years), had a higher smoking burden and prevalence's of diabetes, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and major bleeding (all p-values <0.05). On the contrary, lower prevalence's of diagnosed hypertension, hyperlipideamia, previous myocardial infarction, renal disease and peripheral artery disease were seen in this population. Lastly, patients with schizophrenia were less likely to be discharged with aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors, ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers and statins (all p-values <0.005).
Table 1. Clinical endpoints at 5-years for patients with schizophrenia following a MI compared to patients without schizophrenia End-points Unadjusted HR (95% CI) Adjusted HR (95% CI) Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 MACE 1.35 (1.23–1.47)* 2.44 (2.23–2.67)* 2.20 (1.79–2.72)* 2.05 (1.63–2.58)* Mortality 1.44 (1.31–1.59)* 2.99 (2.72–3.29)* 2.53 (2.00–3.21)* 2.38 (1.84–3.09)* Reinfarction 1.00 (0.82–1.24) 1.53 (1.25–1.89)* 1.41 (0.86–2.30) 1.29 (0.77–2.13) Stroke 1.03 (0.80–1.34) 1.67 (1.29–2.17)* 1.72 (1.00–2.97) 1.72 (1.00–2.98) Heart failure 1.25 (1.10–1.42)* 2.14 (1.88–2.42)* 1.49 (1.13–1.98)* 1.39 (1.04–1.86)* *p<0.005. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; Model 2: adjusted for age and sex, smoking, comorbidities, previous CAG and previous PCI; Model 3: adjusted for age and sex, smoking, comorbidities, previous CAG and previous PCI, discharge medications and treatment with CAG and PCI.
Conclusion
Patients with schizophrenia remain a high-risk population who experience a MI almost 10 years earlier than patients without schizophrenia and have worse outcome. Improved primary and secondary preventive measures are urgently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Attar
- Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Koul
- Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S E Jensen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Aalborg, Denmark
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Fayyaz S, Qureshi MZ, Alhewairini SS, Avnioglu S, Attar R, Sabitaliyevich UY, Buha A, Salahuddin H, Adylova A, Tahir F, Pawlak-Adamska E. Regulation of signaling pathways by Ampelopsin (Dihydromyricetin) in different cancers: exploring the highways and byways less travelled. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2019. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2019.65.7.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fayyaz S, Qureshi MZ, Alhewairini SS, Avnioglu S, Attar R, Sabitaliyevich UY, Buha A, Salahuddin H, Adylova A, Tahir F, Pawlak-Adamska E. Regulation of signaling pathways by Ampelopsin (Dihydromyricetin) in different cancers: exploring the highways and byways less travelled. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2019; 65:15-20. [PMID: 31880533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ampelopsin or Dihydromyricetin is gradually emerging as a high-quality natural product because of its ability to modulate wide-ranging signaling pathways. Ampelopsin (Dihydromyricetin) has been reported to effectively modulate growth factor receptor (VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ) mediated signaling, TRAIL/TRAIL-R pathway, JAK/STAT and mTOR-driven signaling in different cancers. Ampelopsin (Dihydromyricetin) has also been shown to exert inhibitory effects on the versatile regulators which trigger EMT (Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition). Findings obtained from in-vitro studies are encouraging and there is a need to comprehensively analyze how Ampelopsin (Dihydromyricetin) inhibits tumor growth in different cancer models. Better knowledge of efficacy of Ampelopsin (Dihydromyricetin) in tumor bearing mice will be helpful in maximizing its translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Fayyaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Rashid Latif Medical College (RLMC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Qureshi
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S Alhewairini
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seda Avnioglu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University, Ataşehir/İstanbul 34755, Turkey
| | | | - Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Serbia
| | | | - Aima Adylova
- Department of Postgraduate Education and Research, Kazakhstan Medical University KSPH, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Fatima Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Rashid Latif Medical College (RLMC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Edyta Pawlak-Adamska
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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