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Hsiung CC, Wilson CM, Sambold NA, Dai R, Chen Q, Misiukiewicz S, Arab A, Teyssier N, O'Loughlin T, Cofsky JC, Shi J, Gilbert LA. Higher-order combinatorial chromatin perturbations by engineered CRISPR-Cas12a for functional genomics. bioRxiv 2024:2023.09.18.558350. [PMID: 37781594 PMCID: PMC10541102 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.558350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexed genetic perturbations are critical for testing functional interactions among coding or non-coding genetic elements. Compared to double-stranded DNA cutting, repressive chromatin formation using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) avoids genotoxicity and is more effective for perturbing non-coding regulatory elements in pooled assays. However, current CRISPRi pooled screening approaches are limited to targeting 1-3 genomic sites per cell. To develop a tool for higher-order ( > 3) combinatorial targeting of genomic sites with CRISPRi in functional genomics screens, we engineered an Acidaminococcus Cas12a variant -- referred to as mul tiplexed transcriptional interference AsCas12a (multiAsCas12a). multiAsCas12a incorporates a key mutation, R1226A, motivated by the hypothesis of nicking-induced stabilization of the ribonucleoprotein:DNA complex for improving CRISPRi activity. multiAsCas12a significantly outperforms prior state-of-the-art Cas12a variants in combinatorial CRISPRi targeting using high-order multiplexed arrays of lentivirally transduced CRISPR RNAs (crRNA), including in high-throughput pooled screens using 6-plex crRNA array libraries. Using multiAsCas12a CRISPRi, we discover new enhancer elements and dissect the combinatorial function of cis-regulatory elements. These results instantiate a group testing framework for efficiently surveying potentially numerous combinations of chromatin perturbations for biological discovery and engineering.
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Jiang D, Guo R, Dai R, Knoedler S, Tao J, Machens HG, Rinkevich Y. The Multifaceted Functions of TRPV4 and Calcium Oscillations in Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1179. [PMID: 38256251 PMCID: PMC10816018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) specifically functions as a mechanosensitive ion channel and is responsible for conveying changes in physical stimuli such as mechanical stress, osmotic pressure, and temperature. TRPV4 enables the entry of cation ions, particularly calcium ions, into the cell. Activation of TRPV4 channels initiates calcium oscillations, which trigger intracellular signaling pathways involved in a plethora of cellular processes, including tissue repair. Widely expressed throughout the body, TRPV4 can be activated by a wide array of physicochemical stimuli, thus contributing to sensory and physiological functions in multiple organs. This review focuses on how TRPV4 senses environmental cues and thereby initiates and maintains calcium oscillations, critical for responses to organ injury, tissue repair, and fibrosis. We provide a summary of TRPV4-induced calcium oscillations in distinct organ systems, along with the upstream and downstream signaling pathways involved. In addition, we delineate current animal and disease models supporting TRPV4 research and shed light on potential therapeutic targets for modulating TRPV4-induced calcium oscillation to promote tissue repair while reducing tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (R.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Ruiji Guo
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (R.D.); (S.K.)
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Ruoxuan Dai
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (R.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (R.D.); (S.K.)
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02152, USA
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and Centre for Ion Channelopathy, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (R.G.); (R.D.); (S.K.)
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Correa-Gallegos D, Ye H, Dasgupta B, Sardogan A, Kadri S, Kandi R, Dai R, Lin Y, Kopplin R, Shenai DS, Wannemacher J, Ichijo R, Jiang D, Strunz M, Ansari M, Angelidis I, Schiller HB, Volz T, Machens HG, Rinkevich Y. Author Correction: CD201 + fascia progenitors choreograph injury repair. Nature 2024; 625:E4. [PMID: 38057669 PMCID: PMC10764274 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haifeng Ye
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bikram Dasgupta
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aydan Sardogan
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Safwen Kadri
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ravinder Kandi
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruoxuan Dai
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yue Lin
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Kopplin
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Disha Shantaram Shenai
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Wannemacher
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ryo Ichijo
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Strunz
- Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Illias Angelidis
- Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pneumology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Volz
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Correa-Gallegos D, Ye H, Dasgupta B, Sardogan A, Kadri S, Kandi R, Dai R, Lin Y, Kopplin R, Shenai DS, Wannemacher J, Ichijo R, Jiang D, Strunz M, Ansari M, Angelidis I, Schiller HB, Volz T, Machens HG, Rinkevich Y. CD201 + fascia progenitors choreograph injury repair. Nature 2023; 623:792-802. [PMID: 37968392 PMCID: PMC10665192 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Optimal tissue recovery and organismal survival are achieved by spatiotemporal tuning of tissue inflammation, contraction and scar formation1. Here we identify a multipotent fibroblast progenitor marked by CD201 expression in the fascia, the deepest connective tissue layer of the skin. Using skin injury models in mice, single-cell transcriptomics and genetic lineage tracing, ablation and gene deletion models, we demonstrate that CD201+ progenitors control the pace of wound healing by generating multiple specialized cell types, from proinflammatory fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, in a spatiotemporally tuned sequence. We identified retinoic acid and hypoxia signalling as the entry checkpoints into proinflammatory and myofibroblast states. Modulating CD201+ progenitor differentiation impaired the spatiotemporal appearances of fibroblasts and chronically delayed wound healing. The discovery of proinflammatory and myofibroblast progenitors and their differentiation pathways provide a new roadmap to understand and clinically treat impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haifeng Ye
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bikram Dasgupta
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aydan Sardogan
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Safwen Kadri
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ravinder Kandi
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruoxuan Dai
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yue Lin
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Kopplin
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Disha Shantaram Shenai
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Wannemacher
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ryo Ichijo
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Strunz
- Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Illias Angelidis
- Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pneumology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Volz
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine (IRBM), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Knoedler S, Broichhausen S, Guo R, Dai R, Knoedler L, Kauke-Navarro M, Diatta F, Pomahac B, Machens HG, Jiang D, Rinkevich Y. Fibroblasts - the cellular choreographers of wound healing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233800. [PMID: 37646029 PMCID: PMC10461395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries to our skin trigger a cascade of spatially- and temporally-synchronized healing processes. During such endogenous wound repair, the role of fibroblasts is multifaceted, ranging from the activation and recruitment of innate immune cells through the synthesis and deposition of scar tissue to the conveyor belt-like transport of fascial connective tissue into wounds. A comprehensive understanding of fibroblast diversity and versatility in the healing machinery may help to decipher wound pathologies whilst laying the foundation for novel treatment modalities. In this review, we portray the diversity of fibroblasts and delineate their unique wound healing functions. In addition, we discuss future directions through a clinical-translational lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Knoedler
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Broichhausen
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ruiji Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruoxuan Dai
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fortunay Diatta
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hans-Guenther Machens
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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6
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Kalgudde Gopal S, Dai R, Stefanska AM, Ansari M, Zhao J, Ramesh P, Bagnoli JW, Correa-Gallegos D, Lin Y, Christ S, Angelidis I, Lupperger V, Marr C, Davies LC, Enard W, Machens HG, Schiller HB, Jiang D, Rinkevich Y. Wound infiltrating adipocytes are not myofibroblasts. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3020. [PMID: 37230982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The origins of wound myofibroblasts and scar tissue remains unclear, but it is assumed to involve conversion of adipocytes into myofibroblasts. Here, we directly explore the potential plasticity of adipocytes and fibroblasts after skin injury. Using genetic lineage tracing and live imaging in explants and in wounded animals, we observe that injury induces a transient migratory state in adipocytes with vastly distinct cell migration patterns and behaviours from fibroblasts. Furthermore, migratory adipocytes, do not contribute to scar formation and remain non-fibrogenic in vitro, in vivo and upon transplantation into wounds in animals. Using single-cell and bulk transcriptomics we confirm that wound adipocytes do not convert into fibrogenic myofibroblasts. In summary, the injury-induced migratory adipocytes remain lineage-restricted and do not converge or reprogram into a fibrosing phenotype. These findings broadly impact basic and translational strategies in the regenerative medicine field, including clinical interventions for wound repair, diabetes, and fibrotic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Kalgudde Gopal
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruoxuan Dai
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ania Maria Stefanska
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jiakuan Zhao
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pushkar Ramesh
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes W Bagnoli
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Yue Lin
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Christ
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilias Angelidis
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerio Lupperger
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Marr
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lindsay C Davies
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
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7
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Rajendran V, Ramesh P, Dai R, Kalgudde Gopal S, Ye H, Machens HG, Adler H, Jiang D, Rinkevich Y. Therapeutic silencing of p120 in fascia fibroblasts ameliorate tissue repair. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:854-863.e4. [PMID: 36442618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep skin wounds rapidly heal by mobilizing extracellular matrix and cells from the fascia, deep beneath the dermal layer of the skin, to form scars. Despite wounds being an extensively studied area and an unmet clinical need, the biochemistry driving this patch-like repair remains obscure. Lacking also are efficacious therapeutic means to modulate scar formation in vivo. In this study, we identify a central role for p120 in mediating fascia mobilization and wound repair. Injury triggers p120 expression, largely within engrailed-1 lineage-positive fibroblasts of the fascia that exhibit a supracellular organization. Using adeno-associated virus‒mediated gene silencing, we show that p120 establishes the supracellular organization of fascia engrailed-1 lineage-positive fibroblasts, without which fascia mobilization is impaired. Gene silencing of p120 in fascia fibroblasts disentangles their supracellular organization, reducing the transfer of fascial cells and extracellular matrix into wounds and augmenting wound healing. Our findings place p120 as essential for fascia mobilization, opening, to our knowledge, a previously unreported therapeutic avenue for targeted intervention in the treatment of a variety of skin scar conditions.
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Dai R, Kim C, Suhocki P, Martin J, Pabon-Ramos W, Sag A, Wildman-Tobriner B, Smith T, Ronald J. Abstract No. 27 Proton pump inhibitor use is associated with increased risk of post–transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt hepatic encephalopathy: replication in an independent patient cohort. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
The structural evolution of the equilibrium and supercooled Cu46Zr54 liquids was investigated with a combination of elastic neutron scattering (with isotopic substitution) and synchrotron x-ray scattering studies. The partial pair correlation functions were determined over a wide temperature range (∼270 °C). These show that the Cu-Cu and Zr-Zr ordering increases as the temperature decreases, while the Cu-Zr ordering decreases. This surprising result is in contradiction with the results from molecular dynamics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dai
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J C Neuefeind
- Neutron Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D G Quirinale
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - K F Kelton
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Dai R, Kim C. 4:12 PM Abstract No. 90 Transmediastinal dissection with radiofrequency wire reentry for bypass of long-segment thoracic central venous occlusions refractory to recanalization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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11
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Chen W, Dai R, Li L. The prevalence of self‐declared sensitive skin: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1779-1788. [PMID: 31869523 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Chen
- Department of Medical Cosmetology Chengdu Second People's Hospital Chengdu China
| | - R. Dai
- Department of Dermatology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Zhangzhou China
| | - L. Li
- Department of Dermatology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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12
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Tian X, Shao L, Yu Q, Liu Y, Li X, Dai R. Evaluation of structural changes and intracellular substance leakage of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 induced by ohmic heating. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1430-1441. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Tian
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - L. Shao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - Q. Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - Y. Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - X. Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
| | - R. Dai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing PR China
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Zhou Q, Xie F, Zhou B, Wang J, Wu B, Li L, Kang Y, Dai R, Jiang Y. Differentially expressed proteins identified by TMT proteomics analysis in bone marrow microenvironment of osteoporotic patients. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1089-1098. [PMID: 30739146 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We applied tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics to investigate protein changes in bone marrow microenvironment of osteoporotic patients undergoing spine fusion. Multiple bioinformatics tools were used to identify and analyze 219 differentially expressed proteins. These proteins may be associated with the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION Bone marrow microenvironment is indispensable for the maintenance of bone homeostasis. We speculated that alterations of some factors in the microenvironment of osteoporotic subjects might influence the homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the expression of protein factors in the bone marrow environment of osteoporosis. METHODS We performed a proteomics analysis in the vertebral body-derived bone marrow supernatant fluid from 8 Chinese patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion (4 osteoporotic vs. 4 non-osteoporotic) and used micro-CT to analyze the microstructural features of spinous processes from these patients. We further performed western blotting to validate the differential expressions of some proteins. RESULTS There was deteriorated bone microstructure in osteoporotic patients. Based on proteomics analysis, 172 upregulated and 47 downregulated proteins were identified. These proteins had multiple biological functions associated with osteoblast differentiation, lipid metabolism, and cell migration, and formed a complex protein-protein interaction network. We identified five major regulatory mechanisms, splicing, translation, protein degradation, cytoskeletal organization, and lipid metabolism, involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS There are various protein factors, such as DDX5, PSMC2, CSNK1A1, PLIN1, ILK, and TPM4, differentially expressed in the bone marrow microenvironment of osteoporotic patients, providing new ideas for finding therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - F Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - B Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - B Wu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Y Kang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - R Dai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Y Jiang
- Osteoporosis and Arthritis Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Dai R, Hua W, Chen W, Xiong L, Li L. The effect of milk consumption on acne: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:2244-2253. [PMID: 30079512 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Dai
- Department of Dermatology; Ningbo First Hospital; Ningbo University; Ningbo Zhejiang China
- Department of Dermatology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - W. Hua
- Department of Dermatology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - W. Chen
- Department of Dermatology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - L. Xiong
- Department of Dermatology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - L. Li
- Department of Dermatology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
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Abstract
It is widely, although not universally, believed that there must be a connection between liquid dynamics and the structure. Previous supporting studies, for example, have demonstrated a link between the structural evolution in the liquid and kinetic fragility. Here, new results are presented that strengthen the evidence for a connection. By combining the results from high-energy synchrotron X-ray scattering studies of containerlessly processed supercooled liquids with viscosity measurements, an accelerated rate of structural ordering beyond the nearest neighbors in the liquid is demonstrated to correlate with the temperature at which the viscosity transitions from Arrhenius to super-Arrhenius behavior. This is the first confirmation of predictions from several recent molecular dynamics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dai
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R Ashcraft
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K F Kelton
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Cui J, Sun D, Lu H, Dai R, Xing L, Dong H, Wang L, Wei D, Jiang B, Jiao Y, Jablonski MM, Charles S, Gu W, Chen H. Comparison of effectiveness and safety between conbercept and ranibizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. A retrospective case-controlled non-inferiority multiple center study. Eye (Lond) 2017; 32:391-399. [PMID: 28937147 PMCID: PMC5805597 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of conbercept and ranibizumab when administered according to a treat-and-extend (TREX) protocol for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in China. Patients and methods Between May 2014 and May 2015, 180 patients were treated in a 1 : 1 ratio using conbercept or ranibizumab from four hospitals. Patients received either conbercept 0.5 mg or ranibizumab 0.5 mg intravitreal injections. Follow-up time was 1 year and treated based on a TREX approach. Main outcomes and measures include best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS); number of injections; central retinal thickness (CRT); and leakage of choroidal neovascularization before and after the treatment was analyzed by fluorescein fundus angiography and indocyanine green angiography. Results The 1-year visit was completed by 168 (93.3%) of patients. Mean BCVA was equivalent between two cohorts, and were improved by 12.7±7.770 and 12.3±7.269 letters in the conbercept and ranibizumab cohorts, respectively (P=0.624). There was no significant difference in measured CRT, with a mean decrease of 191.5 μm for conbercept and 187.8 μm for ranibizumab (P=0.773). There was a statistically significant difference (P=0.001) between the drugs regarding the number of treatments: 7.4 for conbercept and 8.7 for ranibizumab. The difference in the distribution of injection intervals was statistically significant between two groups (P=0.011). During the study, there were no cases of endophthalmitis or intraocular inflammation. Conclusion Both drugs had equivalent effects in visual and anatomic gains at 1 year when administered. In the conbercept group, longer treatment intervals were achieved with more patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cui
- Center of Integrative Research, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, PR China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - D Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - H Lu
- Center of Integrative Research, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - R Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - L Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - H Dong
- Center of Integrative Research, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - L Wang
- Center of Integrative Research, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - D Wei
- Center of Integrative Research, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - B Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Y Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M M Jablonski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S Charles
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Charles Retina Institute, Germantown, TN, USA
| | - W Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME-Campbell Clinic, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis TN, USA
| | - H Chen
- Center of Integrative Research, The First Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Gangopadhyay AK, Pueblo CE, Dai R, Johnson ML, Ashcraft R, Van Hoesen D, Sellers M, Kelton KF. Correlation of the fragility of metallic liquids with the high temperature structure, volume, and cohesive energy. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:154506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4981011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Gangopadhyay
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C. E. Pueblo
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R. Dai
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M. L. Johnson
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R. Ashcraft
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - D. Van Hoesen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M. Sellers
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K. F. Kelton
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Hua W, Fan LM, Dai R, Luan M, Xie H, Li AQ, Li L. Comparison of two series of non-invasive instruments used for the skin physiological properties measurements: the DermaLab ® from Cortex Technology vs. the series of detectors from Courage & Khazaka. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:70-78. [PMID: 27637867 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The detectors from Courage & Khazaka and DermaLab® from Cortex Technology were two series of the most commonly used non-invasive instruments for the skin physiological properties measurements. The aim of this study is to reveal the differences and correlations in measuring skin color, hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum and elasticity on the forearm or faces between two commercially available series of instruments. METHODS 30 subjects were enrolled to be measured by the two series of instruments. The measurements by each series were performed on the left/right side of the body randomly. The hydration, sebum, elasticity and TEWL measurements were performed on different sites. RESULTS Positive correlations were found in the values of skin color, hydration, TEWL, sebum and visco-elasticity detected by the two series. The values related to skin firmness measured by the two instruments were statistically negative correlated. Contrary to the results in measuring the skin color, the detectors from Courage & Khazaka presented lower values of variation in measuring skin hydration and TEWL than those from DermaLab® . CONCLUSION The two series have significant correlations.The differences of the two series can be due either to differences in the design of the probe or left/right part of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hua
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L-M Fan
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - R Dai
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Luan
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Xie
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - A-Q Li
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhao X, Fu J, Xu A, Yu L, Zhu J, Dai R, Su B, Luo T, Li N, Qin W, Wang B, Jiang J, Li S, Chen Y, Wang H. Gankyrin drives malignant transformation of chronic liver damage-mediated fibrosis via the Rac1/JNK pathway. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1751. [PMID: 25950481 PMCID: PMC4669699 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex process involving chronic liver injury, inflammation, unregulated wound healing, subsequent fibrosis and carcinogenesis. To decipher the molecular mechanism underlying transition from chronic liver injury to dysplasia, we investigated the oncogenic role of gankyrin (PSMD10 or p28GANK) during malignant transformation in a transgenic mouse model. Here, we find that gankyrin increased in patients with cirrhosis. In addition to more severe liver fibrosis and tumorigenesis after DEN plus CCl4 treatment, hepatocyte-specific gankyrin-overexpressing mice (gankyrinhep) exhibited malignant transformation from liver fibrosis to tumors even under single CCl4 administration, whereas wild-type mice merely experienced fibrosis. Consistently, enhanced hepatic injury, severe inflammation and strengthened compensatory proliferation occurred in gankyrinhep mice during CCl4 performance. This correlated with augmented expressions of cell cycle-related genes and abnormal activation of Rac1/c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Pharmacological inhibition of the Rac1/JNK pathway attenuated hepatic fibrosis and prevented CCl4-induced carcinogenesis in gankyrinhep mice. Together, these findings suggest that gankyrin promotes liver fibrosis/cirrhosis progression into hepatocarcinoma relying on a persistent liver injury and inflammatory microenvironment. Blockade of Rac1/JNK activation impeded gankyrin-mediated hepatocytic malignant transformation, indicating the combined inhibition of gankyrin and Rac1/JNK as a potential prevention mechanism for cirrhosis transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- 1] Model Animal Research Center and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China [2] International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - J Fu
- 1] International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China [2] National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - A Xu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - L Yu
- 1] International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China [2] National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - J Zhu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - R Dai
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - B Su
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - T Luo
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - N Li
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - W Qin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - B Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - J Jiang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - S Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, Department of Antomation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Chen
- 1] International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China [2] National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - H Wang
- 1] Model Animal Research Center and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China [2] International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China [3] National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China [4] State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zhang Q, Liu B, Liu Y, Cai X, Liu X, Dai R. Removal and inactivation of virus by drinking water treatment in the presence of bromide or iodide. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x15020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Zhao H, Lv F, Meng W, Dang H, Sun Z, Chen Y, Dai R, Deng Y, Wu C. Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of flavone-rich Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. (Iridaceae) leaf extract in ICR mice fed high-fat diet. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i10.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dai R, Lam OLT, Lo ECM, Li LSW, Wen Y, McGrath C. Orofacial functional impairments among patients following stroke: a systematic review. Oral Dis 2014; 21:836-49. [PMID: 25041135 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Dai
- Department of Public Health; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Prince Philip Dental Hospital 3/F; Sai Ying Pun Hong Kong China
| | - O LT Lam
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Prince Philip Dental Hospital 4/F; Sai Ying Pun Hong Kong China
| | - E CM Lo
- Department of Public Health; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Prince Philip Dental Hospital 3/F; Sai Ying Pun Hong Kong China
| | - L SW Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; Tung Wah Hospital; Sheung Wan Hong Kong China
| | - Y Wen
- Department of Public Health; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Prince Philip Dental Hospital 3/F; Sai Ying Pun Hong Kong China
| | - C McGrath
- Department of Public Health; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Prince Philip Dental Hospital 3/F; Sai Ying Pun Hong Kong China
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Waryani B, Dai R, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Abbasi AR. Surface ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium of loach fish,Triplophysa dalaica(Kessler, 1876) (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae: Nemacheilinae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2013.771711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wu C, Dai R, Bai J, Chen Y, Yu Y, Meng W, Deng Y. Effect of Elaeagnus Conferta Roxb (Elaeagnaceae) Dry Fruit on the Activities of Hepatic Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Mice. TROP J PHARM RES 2011. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v10i6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Liu Y, Li L, Dai R, Qu F, Geng L, Li XM, Deng Y. Assessment of the Enzymatic Activity and Inhibition using HPFA with a Microreactor, Trypsin, Absorbed on Immobilized Artificial Membrane. J Chromatogr Sci 2010; 48:150-5. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/48.2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Liu XJ, Ye HX, Li WP, Dai R, Chen D, Jin M. Relationship between psychosocial factors and onset of multiple sclerosis. Eur Neurol 2009; 62:130-6. [PMID: 19571540 PMCID: PMC2790740 DOI: 10.1159/000226428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of psychosocial variables on patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the relationship between these variables and the onset of MS. BACKGROUND The current evidence indicates that many types of psychosocial factors are involved in the development and relapse of MS, and it has been suggested that they could serve as predictors as well. So far, little has been reported on the effect of psychosocial factors on MS and the relationship between psychosocial factors and the onset of MS. METHODS Forty-one patients, 15 males and 26 females, average age 37.44 +/- 12.24 years (mean +/- SD), were evaluated by the Life Event Scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Social Support Revaluate Scale and Symptom Check List 90 and compared with 41 equivalent healthy control subjects, 15 males and 26 females, average age 36.38 +/- 12.84 years (mean +/- SD). Disease, demographic, psychosocial and lifestyle factors were measured at baseline. Patients with MS were first diagnosed by 3 neurologists according to the Poser (1983) MS diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Significant differences were found between the MS and the control group in their negative emotions and symptoms such as depression, anxiety, obsession, phobia, tense interpersonal relationship and somatization disorder. Significant differences were found between the two groups in the total number of negative life events, their family problems and the utilization of social support. The scores for various negative emotions in the MS group correlated positively with those for neuroticisms in personality type, and negatively with those for introverted and extroverted personality. Many kinds of negative emotions in the MS group correlated positively with the total number of life events, negative life events and family problems. Many kinds of negative emotions in the MS group correlated negatively with the utilization of social support. CONCLUSION The psychosocial factors are closely associated with MS onset and may play important roles in the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, PR China.
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Liu A, Chen Y, Yang Z, Feng Y, Rui W, Luo W, Liu Y, Gonzalez FJ, Dai R. New metabolites of fenofibrate in Sprague-Dawley rats by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS-based metabolomics coupled with LC-MS/MS. Xenobiotica 2009; 39:345-54. [PMID: 19350456 DOI: 10.1080/00498250802680827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fenofibrate has been widely used for the treatment of dyslipidaemia with a long history. Species differences of its metabolism were reported, but its metabolites in rodent have not been fully investigated. Urine and plasma samples were collected before and after oral dosages of fenofibrate in Sprague-Dawley rats. Urine samples were subjected to ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) analysis, and projection to latent structures discriminant analysis was used for the identification of metabolites. New metabolites in urine and plasma were also studied by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The metabolism pathway was studied in rat hepatocytes. Synthesized and purchased authentic compounds were used for metabolite identification by LC-MS/MS. Five ever-reported metabolites were identified and another four new ones were found. Among these new metabolites, fenofibric acid taurine and reduced fenofibric acid taurine indicate new phase II conjugation pathway of fenofibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
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Singh V, Roy A, Castro R, McClure K, Dai R, Agrawal R, Greenberg RJ, Weiland JD, Humayun MS, Lazzi G. On the thermal elevation of a 60-electrode epiretinal prosthesis for the blind. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2008; 2:289-300. [PMID: 23853132 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2008.2003430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the thermal elevation in the human body due to the operation of a dual-unit epiretinal prosthesis to restore partial vision to the blind affected by irreversible retinal degeneration is presented. An accurate computational model of a 60-electrode device dissipating 97 mW power, currently under clinical trials is developed and positioned in a 0.25 mm resolution, heterogeneous model of the human head to resemble actual conditions of operation of the prosthesis. A novel simple finite difference scheme combining the explicit and the alternating-direction implicit (ADI) method has been developed and validated with existing methods. Simulation speed improvement up to 11 times was obtained for the the head model considered in this work with very good accuracy. Using this method, solutions of the bioheat equation were obtained for different placements of the implant. Comparison with in-vivo experimental measurements showed good agreement.
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Dai R, Iwama A, Wang S, Kapila YL. Disease-associated fibronectin matrix fragments trigger anoikis of human primary ligament cells: p53 and c-myc are suppressed. Apoptosis 2005; 10:503-12. [PMID: 15909113 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-005-1880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in periodontal disease is characterized by the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. This study shows that an inflammation-associated matrix breakdown fragment of fibronectin (FN) induces anoikis of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. This 40 kDa fragment was identified in human inflammatory crevicular fluid and is associated with disease status. Previously, we reported that a similar recombinant FN fragment triggered apoptosis of PDL cells by an alternate apoptotic signaling pathway that requires transcriptional downregulation of p53 and c-myc. Thus, to determine whether the physiologically relevant 40 kDa fragment triggers apoptosis in these cells, the 40 kDa fragment was generated and studied for its apoptotic properties. The 40 kDa fragment induces apoptosis of PDL cells, and preincubation of cells with intact vitronectin, FN, and to a limited extent collagen I, rescue this apoptotic phenotype. These data suggest that the 40 kDa fragment prevents PDL cell spreading, thereby inducing anoikis. The signaling pathway also involves a downregulation in p53 and c-myc, as determined by Western blotting and real time quantitative PCR. These data indicate that an altered FN matrix as is elaborated in inflammation induces anoikis of resident cells and thus may contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dai
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0512, USA
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Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) regulate the expression of heat shock proteins and other molecular chaperones that are involved in cellular processes from higher order assembly to protein degradation and apoptosis. Among the human HSFs, HSF-4 is expressed as at least two splice variants. One isoform (HSF-4b) possesses a transcriptional activation domain, but this region is absent in the other isoform (HSF-4a). We have recently shown that the HSF-4a isoform represses basal transcription from heterologous promoters both in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that HSF-4a and HSF-4b have dramatically different effects on HSF-1-containing nuclear bodies, which form after heat shock. While the expression of HSF-4b colocalizes with nuclear granules, the expression of HSF-4a prevents their formation. In addition, there is a concurrent reduction of HSF-1 in the nucleus, and there is reduction in its DNA binding activity and in HSE-dependent transcription of a reporter gene. To better understand the mechanism by which HSF-4a represses transcription, we inducibly expressed HSF-4a in cells and found that HSF-4a binds to the heat shock element (HSE) during attenuation of the heat shock response. Thus HSF-4a is an active repressor of HSF-1-mediated transcription. This repressor function makes the HSF-4a isoform unique within the HSF family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Department of Radiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
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Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The authors performed this study to evaluate a new method (medial axis reformation [MAR]) for visualizing three-dimensional vascular data at electron-beam computed tomographic (CT) angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS MAR was performed automatically with a personal computer-based workstation. After the region of interest was edited, voxels were divided into groups according to their path lengths. Centroids of groups were connected to form the medial axis. Then, the medial axis was refined with multiscale medial response. Bifurcations were also detected and refined. Finally, curved sections were generated through the branches and laid out onto a single image by using a splitting method. The authors performed MAR during electron-beam CT angiography of coronary arteries, common carotid arteries, and iliac arteries. RESULTS MAR displayed curved sections of branched vessels on one image, cut through the axis of vessels to show the vessel diameter objectively, and allowed the viewing direction to be altered arbitrarily. CONCLUSION Results of preliminary applications demonstrate that MAR is a valuable new visualization method for CT angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- S He
- Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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Wang G, Huang H, Dai R, Lee KY, Lin S, Mivechi NF. Suppression of heat shock transcription factor HSF1 in zebrafish causes heat-induced apoptosis. Genesis 2001; 30:195-7. [PMID: 11477707 DOI: 10.1002/gene.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
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33
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Abstract
The oxidative modification of proteins plays a major role in a number of human diseases, but identity of the specific proteins that are most susceptible to oxidation has posed a difficult problem. Protein carbonyls are increased after oxidative stress, and after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNP) they can be detected by various analytical and immunological methods. Although high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) can resolve virtually all proteins present in a cell or tissue it has been difficult to determine the oxidized proteins because the DNP-derivatization process alters the isoelectric points of proteins, and additional procedures must be utilized to remove reaction byproducts. These additional procedures can lead to loss of sample, and poor isoelectric resolution on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips. We have developed a method that allows the IPG strips to be derivatized with DNP directly following isoelectric focusing of the proteins. This method allows the visualization of oxidized proteins by 2-DE with high reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Conrad
- Molecular Aging Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Texas, USA
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Frejtag W, Zhang Y, Dai R, Anderson MG, Mivechi NF. Heat shock factor-4 (HSF-4a) represses basal transcription through interaction with TFIIF. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:14685-94. [PMID: 11278480 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m009224200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) regulate the expression of heat shock proteins (hsps), which are critical for normal cellular proliferation and differentiation. One of the HSFs, HSF-4, contains two alternative splice variants, one of which possesses transcriptional repressor properties in vivo. This repressor isoform inhibits basal transcription of hsps 27 and 90 in tissue culture cells. The molecular mechanisms of HSF-4a isoform-mediated transcriptional repression is unknown. Here, we present evidence that HSF-4a inhibits basal transcription in vivo when it is artificially targeted to basal promoters via the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcription factor, GAL4. By using a highly purified, reconstituted in vitro transcription system, we show that HSF-4a represses basal transcription at an early step during preinitiation complex assembly, as pre-assembled preinitiation complexes are refractory to the inhibitory effect on transcription. This repression occurs by the HSF-4a isoform, but not by the HSF-4b isoform, which we show is capable of activating transcription from a heat shock element-driven promoter in vitro. The repression of basal transcription by HSF-4a occurs through interaction with the basal transcription factor TFIIF. TFIIF interacts with a segment of HSF-4a that is required for the trimerization of HSF-4a, and deletion of this segment no longer inhibits basal transcription. These studies suggest that HSF-4a inhibits basal transcription both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, this is the first report identifying an interaction between a transcriptional repressor with the basal transcription factor TFIIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Frejtag
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Department of Radiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
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Lu B, Dai R, Jing B, Bai H, He S, Zhuang N, Wu Q, Zhu X. Evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft patency using three-dimensional reconstruction and flow study of electron beam tomography. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:466-72. [PMID: 11780405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish and evaluate two protocols for the noninvasive visualization and assessment of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patency on electron beam tomography (EBT). METHODS Two hundred and fourteen consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery were scanned using both EBT angiography with 3-dimensional reconstruction and EBT flow study with time-density-curve analysis. RESULTS There were 589 CABGs evaluated in this study (10 grafts were excluded because of artifacts). Among them, 133 (98.5%) of 135 arterial grafts were patent, and 345 (77.7%) of 444 saphenous-vein grafts were patent. Within 5 years or between 5 and 10 years after operation, arterial graft patency exceeded venous graft patency (P < 0.001). Three-dimensional EBT angiography achieved higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (97.7%, 94.1% and 96.7%, respectively) than did EBT flow study (88.4%, 82.4% and 85.2%, respectively) for evaluating occlusion or patency of CABG. The intra-graft flow of patent arterial and venous grafts were 4.9 +/- 2.2 ml.min-1.g-1 and 6.9 +/- 2.8 ml.min-1.g-1, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The combination of EBT three-dimensional reconstruction and flow study can be more effective in the assessment of CABG anatomy and quantification of patent CABG blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lu
- Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China.
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Dai R. Interventional therapy for congenital heart disease (CHD). Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:548. [PMID: 11780426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Dai
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
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Shou M, Dai R, Cui D, Korzekwa KR, Baillie TA, Rushmore TH. A kinetic model for the metabolic interaction of two substrates at the active site of cytochrome P450 3A4. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:2256-62. [PMID: 11054425 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m008799200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cases, CYP3A4 exhibits unusual kinetic characteristics that result from the metabolism of multiple substrates that coexist at the active site. In the present study, we observed that alpha-naphthoflavone (alpha-NF) exhibited a differential effect on CYP3A4-mediated product formation as shown by an increase and decrease, respectively, of the carboxylic acid (P(2)) and omega-3-hydroxylated (P(1)) metabolites of losartan, while losartan was found to be an inhibitor of the formation of the 5,6-epoxide of alpha-NF. Thus, to address this problem, a kinetic model was developed on the assumption that CYP3A4 can accommodate two distinct and independent binding domains for the substrates within the active site, and the resulting velocity equations were employed to predict the kinetic parameters for all possible enzyme-substrate species. Our results indicate that the predicted values had a good fit with the experimental observations. Therefore, the kinetic constants can be used to adequately describe the nature of the metabolic interaction between the two substrates. Applications of the model provide some new insights into the mechanism of drug-drug interactions at the level of CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shou
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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38
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Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The authors performed this study to (a) investigate coronary movement with electron-beam computed tomography (CT) and (b) find the optimal electrocardiographic (ECG) triggering phase for eliminating motion artifact. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred fifty-one patients without arrhythmia were examined with electron-beam CT. First, movie scans were obtained to create displacement and velocity graphs of coronary artery movement. Then, a volume scan with an exposure time of 100 msec was obtained with various ECG trigger settings. RESULTS Movement patterns of coronary arteries varied with heart rate. Optimal triggering phase was before atrial systole (near 71% of the R-R interval) when heart rate was slower than 68 beats per minute and at ventricular end systole when heart rate was fast. Rate of severe motion artifacts decreased from 43% to 0% when triggering was altered from 80% of the R-R interval to the individual optimal value. Experimental values of the optimal phase at different heart rates were derived, and severe motion artifact was only 3.0% with these values. CONCLUSION ECG triggering set according to the heart rate enables a great reduction in motion artifacts at electron-beam CT with a 100-msec exposure time. The results may have implications for magnetic resonance imaging of the coronary artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S He
- Department of Radiology, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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39
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Li G, Yang B, Li C, Chen Y, Guo X, He B, Zhang Y, Dai R. [Studies on adsorption of the organic phosphorus pesticide with the macroporous resin]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2000; 17:369-72. [PMID: 11211815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Macroporous adsorbing resins prepared by styrene are selected as absorbent in the static and dynamic adsorption experiments of organic phosphorus pesticide. These resins are attempted to be applied in blood purification to detoxify and save the patient's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials for Adsorption and Separation Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071
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40
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Lu B, Dai R, Bai H, He S, Jian S, Zhuang N, Budoff MJ. Effects of scanning and reconstruction parameters on image quality in electron-beam CT angiography: coronary artery phantom study. Acad Radiol 2000; 7:927-33. [PMID: 11089695 DOI: 10.1016/s1076-6332(00)80174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This study compared the image quality obtained with different scanning and reconstruction parameters for electron-beam computed tomographic (CT) angiography and sought optimal methods for visualizing the coronary artery lumen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electron-beam CT angiography with contrast material enhancement was used to image 35 branches of fresh postmortem swine coronary arteries. Different collimation widths, fields of view (FOVs), reconstruction kernels, and algorithms were employed to reconstruct the acquired raw data into CT angiographic images. Image quality was compared and analyzed. RESULTS The contrast-to-noise ratios (C/Ns) for 1.5-, 2-, and 3-mm section thickness were 28.4 +/- 15.2, 31.9 +/- 9.3, and 33.8 +/- 14.5, respectively (P < .05). The lengths of visualized coronary artery lumina were significantly longer for 1.5-mm scanning (71.6 mm +/- 4.3) than for 2-mm (58.3 mm +/- 5.5) and 3-mm scanning (59.0 mm +/- 8.0) (P < .01). The C/Ns for 12.7-, 18.0-, and 26.0-cm FOV reconstruction were 32.8 +/- 9.9, 28.9 +/- 8.2, and 27.1 +/- 8.2, respectively (not significant), and the visualized luminal lengths were 76.1 mm +/- 12.5, 71.7 mm +/- 14.6, and 65.4 mm +/- 13.1, respectively (not significant). The highest C/N (48.2 +/- 13.3) was achieved with smooth kernels and a cone-beam algorithm, and the lowest (14.7 +/- 3.4) with very sharp kernels and a normal algorithm. Cone-beam algorithm images had significantly higher C/Ns than did normal algorithm images (P < .001), and they demonstrated longer coronary artery lumina (P < .01). CONCLUSION Collimation width, FOV, reconstruction kernels, and algorithms are important in the processing of high-quality electron-beam coronary angiograms. A 1.5-mm collimation width, 12.7-cm FOV, cone-beam reconstruction algorithm, and very sharp kernels should help in obtaining the best image quality and depicting the longest segments of coronary artery lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lu
- Department of Radiology, FuWai Cardiovascular Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
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Lu B, Dai R, Bai H, He S, Jing B, Zhuang N, Gao R, Yang Y, Chen J, Budoff MJ. Evaluation of electron beam tomographic coronary arteriography with three-dimensional reconstruction in healthy subjects. Angiology 2000; 51:895-904. [PMID: 11103858 DOI: 10.1177/000331970005101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the authors evaluated the performance characteristics of contrast-enhanced electron-beam tomography (EBT) with three-dimensional reconstruction in defining the coronary artery lumen in healthy subjects. Thirty patients with normal coronary angiograms by selective coronary arteriography (SCA) underwent contrast-enhanced EBT examination. Measured parameters included degree of luminal enhancement, intravascular contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and diameter and length of visualized lumen. Ventricular cavity, aortic blood pool, and coronary artery attenuation were found to be significantly different before and after intravenous injection of contrast material (p < 0.001). CNR decreased from proximal to distal segments within each vessel (p < 0.001), with a peak of 11.2 +/- 2.3 occurring in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) to a low of 4.8 +/- 2.0 in the distal left circumflex (LCX). Luminal diameters visualized by EBT had no significant difference with that of SCA (p > 0.05). Therefore, EBT angiography with three-dimensional reconstruction allows for noninvasive coronary arteriography revealing long segments of the major coronary arteries in normal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lu
- Department of Radiology, FuWai Cardiovascular Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
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Dai R, Frejtag W, He B, Zhang Y, Mivechi NF. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase targeting and phosphorylation of heat shock factor-1 suppress its transcriptional activity. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:18210-8. [PMID: 10747973 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000958200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian heat shock transcription factor HSF-1 regulates the expression of the heat shock proteins, molecular chaperones that are involved in cellular processes from higher order assembly to protein degradation. HSF-1 is a phosphorylated monomer under physiological growth conditions and is located mainly in the cytoplasm. Upon activation by a variety of environmental stresses, HSF-1 is translocated into the nucleus, forms trimers, acquires DNA binding activity, is hyperphosphorylated, appears as punctate granules, and increases transcriptional activity of target genes. As cells recover from stress, the punctate granules gradually disappear, and HSF-1 appears in a diffused staining pattern in the cytoplasm and nucleus. We have previously shown that the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK phosphorylates and suppresses HSF-1-driven transcription. Here, we show that c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) also phosphorylates and inactivates HSF-1. Overexpression of JNK facilitates the rapid disappearance of HSF-1 punctate granules after heat shock. Similar to ERK, JNK binds to HSF-1 in the conserved mitogen-activated protein kinases binding motifs and phosphorylates HSF-1 in the regulatory domain. The overexpression of an HSF-1-green fluorescent protein fusion construct lacking JNK phosphorylation sites causes this HSF-1 mutant to form nuclear granules that remain longer in the nucleus after heat shock. Taken together, these findings indicate that JNK phosphorylates HSF-1 and suppresses its transcriptional activity by rapidly clearing HSF-1 from the sites of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Gene Regulation Group, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, 30912, USA
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Sapone A, Peters JM, Sakai S, Tomita S, Papiha SS, Dai R, Friedman FK, Gonzalez FJ. The human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene: identification and functional characterization of two natural allelic variants. Pharmacogenetics 2000; 10:321-33. [PMID: 10862523 DOI: 10.1097/00008571-200006000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha-null mice have a defect in fatty acid metabolism but reproduce normally. The lack of a detrimental effect of the null phenotype in development and reproduction opens up the possibility for null or variant PPARalpha gene (PPARA) alleles in humans. To search the coding region and splice junctions for mutant and variant PPARalpha alleles, the human PPARalpha gene was cloned and characterized, and sequencing by polymerase chain reaction was carried out. Two point mutations in the human gene were found in the DNA binding domain at codons for amino acids 131 and 162. The allele containing the mutation in codon 162 (CTT to GTT, L162V) designated PPARA*3, was found at a high frequency in a Northern Indian population. Transfection assays of this mutant showed that the non-ligand dependent transactivation activity was less than one-half as active as the wild-type receptor. PPARA*3 was also unresponsive to low concentrations of ligand as compared to the wild-type PPARA*1 receptor. However, the difference is ligand concentration-dependent; at concentrations of the peroxisome proliferator Wy-14 643 > 25 microM, induction activity was restored in this variant's transactivation activity to a level five-fold greater as compared with wild-type PPARA*1 with no ligand. The mutation in codon 131 (CGA to CAA, R131Q), designated PPARA*2 is less frequent than PPARA*3, and the constitutive ligand independent activity was slightly higher than PPARA*1. Increasing concentrations of Wy-14 643 activated PPARA*2 similar to that observed with PPARA*1. The biological significance of these novel PPARalpha alleles remains to be established. It will be of great interest to determine whether these alleles are associated with differential response to fibrate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sapone
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Smith SV, Koley AP, Dai R, Robinson RC, Leong H, Markowitz A, Friedman FK. Conformational modulation of human cytochrome P450 2E1 by ethanol and other substrates: a CO flash photolysis study. Biochemistry 2000; 39:5731-7. [PMID: 10801323 DOI: 10.1021/bi000129l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The alcohol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 is a major human hepatic P450 which metabolizes a broad array of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including ethanol, low-molecular weight toxins, and fatty acids. Several substrates are known to stabilize this P450 and inhibit its cellular degradation. Furthermore, ethanol is a known modulator of P450 2E1 substrate metabolism. We examined the CO binding kinetics of P450 2E1 after laser flash photolysis of the heme-CO bond, to probe the effects of ethanol and other substrates on protein conformation and dynamics. Ethanol had an effect on the two kinetic parameters that describe CO binding: it decreased the rate of CO binding, suggesting a decrease in the protein's conformational flexibility, and increased the photosensitivity, which indicates a local effect in the active site region such as strengthening of the heme-CO bond. Other substrates decreased the CO binding rate to varying degrees. Of particular interest is the effect of arachidonic acid, which abolished photodissociation in the absence of ethanol but had no effect in the presence of ethanol. These results are consistent with a model of P450 2E1 whereby arachidonic acid binds along a long hydrophobic binding pocket and blocks exit of CO from the heme region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Smith
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, and Bioengineering and Physical Science Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Cui X, Shao Y, Ren B, Tong Z, Ren X, Li L, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Dai R, Hao X. [Mobilization of autologous peripheral blood stem cells by chemotherapy and recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2000; 21:247-9. [PMID: 11876989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the efficacy of chemotherapy and recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, Glycosylated) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in autologous peripheral blood stem cells (APBSC) mobilization. METHODS The mobilization regimen: CBP 350 mg/m(2) intravenously injected at day 1, Vp16 350 mg/m(2) intravenously injected from day 1 to day 3. G-CSF and GM-CSF 5 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) each, subcutaneously injected and DXM 5 mg/d intramuscularly injected, from the day of white blood cell (WBC) recovery to (2.4 - 6.4) x 10(9)/L from nadir to the day before the end of APBSC harvesting. APBSC harvesting started when WBC > 20.0 x 10(9)/L and ended when accumulated mononuclear cells (MNC) > 5 x 10(8)/kg. CFU-GM assay and CD(34)(+) cells counting of the APBSC were performed. RESULTS Twenty cases underwent APBSC mobilization. APBSC harvest began at day 22.15 +/- 3.66 for two successive days. Accumulated MNC was (5.93 +/- 1.62) x 10(8)/kg, CD(34)(+) cells (23.10 +/- 11.53) x 10(6)/kg and CFU-GM (3.44 +/- 2.85) x 10(5)/kg. No severe toxicity was observed. Hematopoiesis was well reconstituted in 8 patients received single and in 1 patient received double APBSC transplantations. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy combined with G-CSF + GM-CSF was a safe and highly effective method for APBSC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cui
- Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical College, Tianjin 300060, China
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Sai Y, Dai R, Yang TJ, Krausz KW, Gonzalez FJ, Gelboin HV, Shou M. Assessment of specificity of eight chemical inhibitors using cDNA-expressed cytochromes P450. Xenobiotica 2000; 30:327-43. [PMID: 10821163 DOI: 10.1080/004982500237541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
1. The selectivity of eight chemical inhibitors has been extensively evaluated with 10 cDNA-expressed human cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP). The results indicate that sulphaphenazole, quinidine and alpha-naphthoflavone are selective inhibitors of CYP2C9 (IC50 = 0.5-0.7 microM), CYP2D6 (0.3-0.4 microM) and CYP1A (0.05-5 microM) respectively on the basis of the IC50, which are much lower than those of other P450 isoforms (> 10-fold). 2. Ketoconazole exhibited potent inhibition of both CYP3A4-catalysed metabolism of phenanthrene, testosterone, diazepam (IC50 = 0.03-0.5 microM) and CYP1A1-catalysed deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin (0.33 microM). The selectivity of ketoconazole for other P450s was highly related to the concentration used. 3. Diethyldithiocarbamate, orphenadrine and furafylline were shown separately to be less selective inhibitors of CYP2E1, CYP2B6 and CYP1A isoforms by a broad range of IC50 that overlap those observed with other P450 isoforms. 4. Furafylline, quinidine and alpha-naphthoflavone activated CYP3A4-catalysed phenanthrene metabolism by 1.7-, 2- and 15-fold respectively. 5. The selectivity of orphenadrine and ketoconazole was further examined by using inhibitory monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Inhibitory MAb specific for the individual P450 isoforms may be of greater value than chemical inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sai
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Xu J, Dai R. [Summary of the 5th national conference on cardiovascular diseases treated with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2000; 20:315-7. [PMID: 11789273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Abstract
The cytochrome P450s are a superfamily of hemoprotein enzymes responsible for the metabolism of a wide variety of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. The individual P450s exhibit unique substrate specificity and stereoselectivity profiles which reflect corresponding differences in primary sequence and tertiary structure. In the absence of an experimental structure models for mammalian P450s have been generated by their homology with bacterial P450s of known structure. The rather low sequence identity between target and template proteins renders P450 modeling a challenging task. However, the substrate recognition properties of several P450s are consistent with recently developed working models. This review summarizes the major concepts and current approaches of molecular modeling of P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dai
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Dai R, Li Y. [Therapeutic coronary angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia and traditional Chinese medicine]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2000; 20:163-4. [PMID: 11789274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
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