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De Maeseneer T, Cauwenbergh T, Gardiner J, White JF, Thielemans W, Martin C, Moldenaers P, Ballet S, Cardinaels R. Peptide Sequence Variations Govern Hydrogel Stiffness: Insights from a Multi-Scale Structural Analysis of H-FQFQFK-NH 2 Peptide Derivatives. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2300579. [PMID: 38552257 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Throughout the past decades, amphipathic peptide-based hydrogels have proven to be promising materials for biomedical applications. Amphipathic peptides are known to adopt β-sheet configurations that self-assemble into fibers that then interact to form a hydrogel network. A fundamental understanding of how the peptide sequence alters the structural properties of the hydrogels would allow for a more rational design of novel peptides for a variety of biomedical applications in the future. Therefore, the current work investigates how changing the type of amino acid, the amphipathic pattern, and the peptide length affects the secondary structure, fiber characteristics, and stiffness of peptide-based hydrogels. Hereto, seven amphipathic peptides of different sequence and length, four of which have not been previously reported, based on and including the hexapeptide H-Phe-Gln-Phe-Gln-Phe-Lys-NH2, are synthesized and thoroughly characterized by circular dichroism (CD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS), Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Thioflavin T (ThT) fibrillization assays. The results show that a high amount of regularly spaced β-sheets, a high amount of fibers, and fiber bundling contribute to the stiffness of the hydrogel. Furthermore, a study of the time-dependent fibril formation process reveals complex transient dynamics. The peptide strands structure through an intermediate helical state prior to β-sheet formation, which is found to be concentration- and time-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess De Maeseneer
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, Box 2424, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Thibault Cauwenbergh
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - James Gardiner
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Jacinta F White
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk, 8500, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, Box 2424, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, Box 2424, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- Processing and Performance of Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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De Maeseneer T, Van Damme L, Aktan MK, Braem A, Moldenaers P, Van Vlierberghe S, Cardinaels R. Powdered Cross-Linked Gelatin Methacryloyl as an Injectable Hydrogel for Adipose Tissue Engineering. Gels 2024; 10:167. [PMID: 38534585 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The tissue engineering field is currently advancing towards minimally invasive procedures to reconstruct soft tissue defects. In this regard, injectable hydrogels are viewed as excellent scaffold candidates to support and promote the growth of encapsulated cells. Cross-linked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) gels have received substantial attention due to their extracellular matrix-mimicking properties. In particular, GelMA microgels were recently identified as interesting scaffold materials since the pores in between the microgel particles allow good cell movement and nutrient diffusion. The current work reports on a novel microgel preparation procedure in which a bulk GelMA hydrogel is ground into powder particles. These particles can be easily transformed into a microgel by swelling them in a suitable solvent. The rheological properties of the microgel are independent of the particle size and remain stable at body temperature, with only a minor reversible reduction in elastic modulus correlated to the unfolding of physical cross-links at elevated temperatures. Salts reduce the elastic modulus of the microgel network due to a deswelling of the particles, in addition to triple helix denaturation. The microgels are suited for clinical use, as proven by their excellent cytocompatibility. The latter is confirmed by the superior proliferation of encapsulated adipose tissue-derived stem cells in the microgel compared to the bulk hydrogel. Moreover, microgels made from the smallest particles are easily injected through a 20G needle, allowing a minimally invasive delivery. Hence, the current work reveals that powdered cross-linked GelMA is an excellent candidate to serve as an injectable hydrogel for adipose tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess De Maeseneer
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J Box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lana Van Damme
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University (UGent), Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Merve Kübra Aktan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 Box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Braem
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 Box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J Box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University (UGent), Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J Box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Processing and Performance of Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Zanchetta FC, De Wever P, Morari J, Gaspar RC, Prado TPD, De Maeseneer T, Cardinaels R, Araújo EP, Lima MHM, Fardim P. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Chitosan/HPMC/Insulin Hydrogel for Wound Healing Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:168. [PMID: 38391653 PMCID: PMC10886365 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment of chronic wounds is challenging, and the development of different formulations based on insulin has shown efficacy due to their ability to regulate oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. The formulation of insulin with polysaccharides in biohybrid hydrogel systems has the advantage of synergistically combining the bioactivity of the protein with the biocompatibility and hydrogel properties of polysaccharides. In this study, a hydrogel formulation containing insulin, chitosan, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (Chi/HPMC/Ins) was prepared and characterized by FTIR, thermogravimetric, and gel point analyses. The in vitro cell viability and cell migration potential of the Chi/HPMC/Ins hydrogel were evaluated in human keratinocyte cells (HaCat) by MTT and wound scratch assay. The hydrogel was applied to excisional full-thickness wounds in diabetic mice for twenty days for in vivo studies. Cell viability studies indicated no cytotoxicity of the Chi/HPMC/Ins hydrogel. Moreover, the Chi/HPMC/Ins hydrogel promoted faster gap closure in the scratch assay. In vivo, the wounds treated with the Chi/HPMC/Ins hydrogel resulted in faster wound closure, formation of a more organized granulation tissue, and hair follicle regeneration. These results suggest that Chi/HPMC/Ins hydrogels might promote wound healing in vitro and in vivo and could be a new potential dressing for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Cristina Zanchetta
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Pieter De Wever
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Leuven KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Rita Caiado Gaspar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Leuven KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thaís Paulino do Prado
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Tess De Maeseneer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Leuven KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Leuven KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eliana Pereira Araújo
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Melo Lima
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fardim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Leuven KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Devos C, Vananroye A, Cardinaels R, Xiouras C, Van Gerven T, Kuhn S. The interplay between nucleation and patterning during shear-induced crystallization from solution in a parallel plate geometry. Soft Matter 2023; 19:5896-5906. [PMID: 37482796 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Cooling crystallization of small organic molecules from solution is an important operation for the separation and purification of drug products. In this research, shear-induced nucleation from a supersaturated solution is studied in a parallel plate geometry. Under conditions of shear and small gap sizes, narrow mesoscale circular bands of small crystals appeared spontaneously and reproducibly on the plate's surface. We have investigated the connection between nucleation and the emergence of these circular patterns. Our results show that nucleation occurs preferably in zones with high local shear rate (located at the outer edges of the plates), compared to zones with low local shear rate (at the center of the plates). The time before nucleation occurs decreases significantly for increasing mean shear rate and time. The circular crystalline patterns appear at the plate's surface, where heterogeneous nucleation first occurs. Multiple hypotheses are explored to understand the pattern formation in crystallization. Since no satisfactory explanation is found, a new mechanism is proposed. This hypothesis involves crystals initially forming on the surface of the plates and undergoing stick-slip motion, which influences the local nucleation kinetics. This results in an interplay between (secondary) nucleation and stick-slip motion at the start of the crystallization process. By modifying the surface of the plates, their ability to act as a heterogeneous nucleation site can be altered, allowing control over the formation of patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Devos
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anja Vananroye
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- TU Eindhoven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christos Xiouras
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Research and Development, Crystallization Technology Unit (CTU), 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Gerven
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Simon Kuhn
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Damen AHA, van Donkelaar CC, Sharma PK, Wan H, Cardinaels R, Schmidt TA, Ito K. Friction reducing ability of a poly-l-lysine and dopamine modified hyaluronan coating for polycaprolactone cartilage resurfacing implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023. [PMID: 36959715 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Frictional properties of cartilage resurfacing implants should be sufficiently low to limit damaging of the opposing cartilage during articulation. The present study determines if native lubricious molecule proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) can adsorb onto a layer-by-layer bioinspired coating composed of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and dopamine modified hyaluronic acid (HADN) and thereby can reduce the friction between implant and articular cartilage. An ELISA was developed to quantify the amount of immobilized human recombinant (rh)PRG4 after exposure to the PLL-HADN coating. The effect on lubrication was evaluated by comparing the coefficient of friction (CoF) of bare polycaprolactone (PCL) disks to that of PLL-HADN coated PCL disks while articulated against cartilage using a ring-on-disk geometry and a lubricant solution consisting of native synovial fluid components including rhPRG4. The PLL-HADN coating effectively immobilized rhPRG4. The surface roughness of PCL disks significantly increased while the water contact angle significantly decreased after application of the coating. The average CoF measured during the first minute of bare PCL against cartilage exceeded twice the CoF of the PLL-HADN coated PCL against cartilage. After 60 min, the CoF reached equilibrium values which were still significantly higher for bare PCL compared to coated PCL. The present study demonstrated that PCL can effectively be coated with PLL-HADN. Additionally, this coating reduces the friction between PCL and cartilage when a PRG4-rich lubricant is used, similar to the lubricating surface of native cartilage. This makes PLL-HADN coating a promising application to improve the clinical success of PCL-based cartilage resurfacing implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H A Damen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - C C van Donkelaar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - R Cardinaels
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - T A Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - K Ito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Huysecom AS, Glorieux C, Thoen J, Thielemans W, Fustin CA, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. Phase behavior of medium-length hydrophobically associating PEO-PPO multiblock copolymers in aqueous media. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:521-538. [PMID: 36948106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The micellization of block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) is driven by the dehydration of PPO at elevated temperatures. At low concentrations, a viscous solution of isolated micelles is obtained, whereas at higher concentrations, crowding of micelles results in an elastic gel. Alternating PEO-PPO multiblock copolymers are expected to exhibit different phase behavior, with altered phase boundaries and thermodynamics, as compared to PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers (Pluronics®) with equal hydrophobicity, thereby proving the pivotal role of copolymer architecture and molecular weight. EXPERIMENTS Multiple characterization techniques were used to map the phase behavior as a function of temperature and concentration of PEO-PPO multiblock copolymers (ExpertGel®) in aqueous solution. These techniques include shear rheology, differential and adiabatic scanning calorimetry, isothermal titration calorimetry and light transmittance. The micellar size and topology were studied by dynamic light scattering. FINDINGS Multiblocks have lower transition temperatures and higher thermodynamic driving forces for micellization as compared to triblocks due to the presence of more than one PPO block per chain. With increasing concentration, the multiblock copolymers in solution gradually evolve into a viscoelastic network formed by soluble bridges in between micellar nodes, whereas hairy triblock micelles jam into liquid crystalline phases resembling an elastic colloidal crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Huysecom
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Christ Glorieux
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan Thoen
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Charles-André Fustin
- Bio and Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, UC Louvain, Place Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Processing and Performance of Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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Huysecom AS, Thielemans W, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. A Generalized Mechano-statistical Transient Network Model for Unravelling the Network Topology and Elasticity of Hydrophobically Associating Multiblock Copolymers in Aqueous Solutions. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Huysecom
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001Leuven, Belgium
- Processing and Performance of Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Qiao H, Zheng B, Zhong G, Li Z, Cardinaels R, Moldenaers P, Lamnawar K, Maazouz A, Liu C, Zhang H. Understanding the Rheology of Polymer–Polymer Interfaces Covered with Janus Nanoparticles: Polymer Blends versus Particle Sandwiched Multilayers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Botuo Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Gang Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Zhicong Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, P.B. 2424, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, P.B. 2424, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Khalid Lamnawar
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, VilleurbanneF-69621, France
| | - Abderrahim Maazouz
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet, VilleurbanneF-69621, France
| | - Canpei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Huagui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
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Antonov YA, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. Binding of lambda carrageenan to bovine serum albumin and non-equilibrium effects of complexation. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Varela-Aramburu S, Su L, Mosquera J, Morgese G, Schoenmakers SMC, Cardinaels R, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Introducing Hyaluronic Acid into Supramolecular Polymers and Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4633-4641. [PMID: 34662095 PMCID: PMC8579400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of supramolecular polymers to construct functional biomaterials is gaining more attention due to the tunable dynamic behavior and fibrous structures of supramolecular polymers, which resemble those found in natural systems, such as the extracellular matrix. Nevertheless, to obtain a biomaterial capable of mimicking native systems, complex biomolecules should be incorporated, as they allow one to achieve essential biological processes. In this study, supramolecular polymers based on water-soluble benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides (BTAs) were assembled in the presence of hyaluronic acid (HA) both in solution and hydrogel states. The coassembly of BTAs bearing tetra(ethylene glycol) at the periphery (BTA-OEG4) and HA at different ratios showed strong interactions between the two components that led to the formation of short fibers and heterogeneous hydrogels. BTAs were further covalently linked to HA (HA-BTA), resulting in a polymer that was unable to assemble into fibers or form hydrogels due to the high hydrophilicity of HA. However, coassembly of HA-BTA with BTA-OEG4 resulted in the formation of long fibers, similar to those formed by BTA-OEG4 alone, and hydrogels were produced with tunable stiffness ranging from 250 to 700 Pa, which is 10-fold higher than that of hydrogels assembled with only BTA-OEG4. Further coassembly of BTA-OEG4 fibers with other polysaccharides showed that except for dextran, all polysaccharides studied interacted with BTA-OEG4 fibers. The possibility of incorporating polysaccharides into BTA-based materials paves the way for the creation of dynamic complex biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Varela-Aramburu
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Su
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jesús Mosquera
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Morgese
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M C Schoenmakers
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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Hejmady P, van Breemen LC, Anderson PD, Cardinaels R. A processing route to spherical polymer particles via controlled droplet retraction. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Pedersoli L, Zhang S, Briatico-Vangosa F, Petrini P, Cardinaels R, den Toonder J, Peneda Pacheco D. Engineered modular microphysiological models of the human airway clearance phenomena. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3898-3913. [PMID: 34143430 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is a crucial mechanism that supports the elimination of inhaled particles, bacteria, pollution, and hazardous agents from the human airways, and it also limits the diffusion of aerosolized drugs into the airway epithelium. In spite of its relevance, few in vitro models sufficiently address the cumulative effect of the steric and interactive barrier function of mucus on the one hand, and the dynamic mucus transport imposed by ciliary mucus propulsion on the other hand. Here, ad hoc mucus models of physiological and pathological mucus are combined with magnetic artificial cilia to model mucociliary transport in both physiological and pathological states. The modular concept adopted in this study enables the development of mucociliary clearance models with high versatility since these can be easily modified to reproduce phenomena characteristic of healthy and diseased human airways while allowing to determine the effect of each parameter and/or structure separately on the overall mucociliary transport. These modular airway models can be available off-the-shelf because they are exclusively made of readily available materials, thus ensuring reproducibility across different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pedersoli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Shuaizhong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Briatico-Vangosa
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jaap den Toonder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Peneda Pacheco
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Maassen EEL, Anastasio R, Poto S, Cardinaels R, Sijbesma RP, Breemen LCA, Heuts JPA. Strain‐induced post‐curing of acrylate networks. Journal of Polymer Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline E. L. Maassen
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Brightlands Materials Center (BMC) Geleen The Netherlands
| | - Rosaria Anastasio
- Brightlands Materials Center (BMC) Geleen The Netherlands
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Materials Technology Institute Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Serena Poto
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Materials Technology Institute Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Materials Technology Institute Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Lambèrt C. A. Breemen
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Materials Technology Institute Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
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14
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Haeldermans T, Samyn P, Cardinaels R, Vandamme D, Vanreppelen K, Cuypers A, Schreurs S. Poly(lactic acid) bio-composites containing biochar particles: Effects of fillers and plasticizer on crystallization and thermal properties. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2021.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Berlo FPA, Cardinaels R, Peters GWM, Anderson PD. A numerical study of extensional flow‐induced crystallization in filament stretching rheometry. Polymer Crystallization 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank P. A. Berlo
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
| | - Patrick D. Anderson
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
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16
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Pepe J, Cleven LC, Suijkerbuijk EJMC, Dekkers ECA, Hermida-Merino D, Cardinaels R, Peters GWM, Anderson PD. A filament stretching rheometer for in situ X-ray experiments: Combining rheology and crystalline morphology characterization. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:073903. [PMID: 32752831 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a rheometer that combines the possibility to perform in situ X-ray experiments with a precise and locally controlled uniaxial extensional flow. It thus allows us to study the crystallization kinetics and morphology evolution combined with the rheological response to the applied flow field. A constant uniaxial deformation rate is ensured, thanks to a fast control scheme that drives the simultaneous movement of the top and bottom plates during a pulling experiment. A laser micrometer measures the time evolution of the smallest diameter, where the highest stress is concentrated. The rheometer has a copper temperature-controlled oven with the ability to reach 250 °C and a N2 connection to create an inert atmosphere during the experiments. The innovation of our rheometer is the fixed location of the midfilament position, which is possible because of the simultaneous controlled movement of the two end plates. The copper oven has been constructed with four ad hoc windows: two glass windows for laser access and two Kapton windows for X-ray access. The key feature is the ability to perfectly align the midfilament of the sample to the laser micrometer and to the incoming X-ray beam in a synchrotron radiation facility, making it possible to investigate the structure and morphologies developed during extensional flow. The rheological response measured with our rheometer for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is in agreement with the linear viscoelastic envelope and with the results obtained from the existing extensional rheometers. To demonstrate the capability of the instrument, we have performed in situ-resolved X-ray experiments on LDPE samples exhibiting extensional flow-induced crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pepe
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lucien C Cleven
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard J M C Suijkerbuijk
- Equipment and Prototyping Center, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin C A Dekkers
- Equipment and Prototyping Center, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- DUBBLE CRG BM26 at ESRF Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W M Peters
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick D Anderson
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Anastasio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology InstituteEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands
- Brightlands Materials Center (BMC) P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen the Netherlands
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology InstituteEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology InstituteEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Lambèrt C. A. Breemen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology InstituteEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands
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18
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Antonov YA, Zhuravleva IL, Celus M, Kyomugasho C, Lombardo S, Thielemans W, Hendrickx M, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. Generality and specificity of the binding behaviour of lysozyme with pectin varying in local charge density and overall charge. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sangroniz L, van Drongelen M, Cardinaels R, Santamaria A, Peters GW, Müller AJ. Effect of shear rate and pressure on the crystallization of PP nanocomposites and PP/PET polymer blend nanocomposites. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Petisco-Ferrero S, Cardinaels R, van Breemen L. Miniaturized characterization of polymers: From synthesis to rheological and mechanical properties in 30 mg. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anastasio R, Peerbooms W, Cardinaels R, van Breemen LCA. Characterization of Ultraviolet-Cured Methacrylate Networks: From Photopolymerization to Ultimate Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2019; 52:9220-9231. [PMID: 31866693 PMCID: PMC6906930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In this study, the effect of different process conditions
on the
material properties of a single UV-cured layer of methacrylate resin,
typically used in the stereolithography (SLA) process, is assessed.
This simplified approach of the SLA process gives the opportunity
to study the link between process conditions and mechanical properties
without complicated interactions between different layers. Fourier-transform
infrared analysis is performed to study the effect of light intensity,
curing time, and initiator concentration on the monomer conversion.
A model is developed based on the reaction kinetics of photopolymerization
that describes and predicts the experimental data. The effect of curing
time and light intensity on the glass-transition temperature is studied.
A unique relation exists between conversion and glass-transition temperature,
independent of the light intensity and curing time. Tensile tests
on UV-cured resin show an increase in yield stress with increasing
curing time and a linear relation between glass-transition temperature
and yield stress. However, a lower light intensity leads to a different
network structure characterized by a lower yield stress and glass-transition
temperature. The correlations between process conditions and the mechanical
properties of UV-cured methacrylate systems are established to better
understand the role of the processing parameters involved in the SLA
process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anastasio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Brightlands Materials Center (BMC), P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - W Peerbooms
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R Cardinaels
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - L C A van Breemen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Materials Technology Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Bharati A, Hejmady P, Van der Donck T, Seo JW, Cardinaels R, Moldenaers P. Developing conductive immiscible polystyrene/polypropylene blends with a percolated conducting polyaniline/polyamide filler by tuning its specific interactions with the styrene‐based triblock compatibilizer grafted with maleic anhydride. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avanish Bharati
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSoft Matter, Rheology and Technology KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.B. 2424, B‐3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Prakhyat Hejmady
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPolymer Technology TU Eindhoven, P.B. 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Tom Van der Donck
- Department of Materials EngineeringSurface and Interface Engineered Materials KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, P.B. 2450, B‐3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jin Won Seo
- Department of Materials EngineeringSurface and Interface Engineered Materials KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, P.B. 2450, B‐3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSoft Matter, Rheology and Technology KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.B. 2424, B‐3001 Leuven Belgium
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPolymer Technology TU Eindhoven, P.B. 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSoft Matter, Rheology and Technology KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.B. 2424, B‐3001 Leuven Belgium
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Hejmady P, Cleven LC, van Breemen LCA, Anderson PD, Cardinaels R. A novel experimental setup for in situ optical and X-ray imaging of laser sintering of polymer particles. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:083905. [PMID: 31472607 DOI: 10.1063/1.5106406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a unique laser sintering setup that allows real time studies of the structural evolution during laser sintering of polymer particles. The device incorporates the main features of classical selective laser sintering machines for 3D printing of polymers and at the same time allows in situ visualization of the sintering dynamics with optical microscopy as well as X-ray scattering. A main feature of the setup is the fact that it provides local access to one particle-particle bridge during sintering. In addition, due to the small scale of the device and the specific laser arrangement process, parameters such as the temperature, laser energy, laser pulse duration, and spot size can be precisely controlled. The sample chamber provides heating up to 360 °C, which allows for sintering of commodity as well as high performance polymers. The latter parameters are controlled by the use of a visible light laser combined with an acousto-optic modulator for pulsing, which allows small and precise spot sizes and pulse times and pulse energies as low as 500 μs and 17 μJ. The macrostructural evolution of the particle bridge during sintering is followed via optical imaging at high speed and resolution. Placing the setup in high flux synchrotron radiation with a fast detector simultaneously allows in situ time-resolved X-ray characterizations. To demonstrate the capabilities of the device, we studied the laser sintering of two spherical PA12 particles. The setup provides crucial real-time information concerning the sintering dynamics as well as crystallization kinetics, which was not accessible up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhyat Hejmady
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lucien C Cleven
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lambèrt C A van Breemen
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick D Anderson
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Hejmady P, van Breemen LCA, Anderson PD, Cardinaels R. Laser sintering of polymer particle pairs studied by in situ visualization. Soft Matter 2019; 15:1373-1387. [PMID: 30624454 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02081g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Merging of particle pairs during selective laser sintering (SLS) of polymers is vital in defining the final part properties. Depending on the sintering conditions, polymers can undergo full or partial sintering whereby incomplete sintering results in poor mechanical properties. At present, the underlying mechanisms and related conditions leading to various consolidation phenomena of polymer particles are not well understood. In the present work, a novel in-house developed experimental setup is used to perform laser sintering experiments on polystyrene (PS) particle doublets while performing in situ visualization of the sintering dynamics. From the recorded images, the evolution of the growth of the neck radius formed between both particles is analyzed as a function of time. Sintering conditions such as heating chamber temperature, laser pulse energy and duration, laser spot size and particle size are precisely controlled and systematically varied. A non-isothermal viscous sintering model is developed that allows qualitative prediction of the observed effects of the various parameters. It is shown that the sintering kinetics is determined by a complex interplay between the transient rheology caused by the finite relaxation times of the polymer and the time-dependent temperature profile which also affects the polymer viscosity. The combination of a full material characterization with sintering experiments under well-defined conditions has resulted in a general understanding of the effects of material and process parameters on laser sintering. Thereby a strong foundation is laid for the route towards rational design of laser sintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhyat Hejmady
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.B. 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Willemsen KL, Panozzo A, Moelants K, Cardinaels R, Wallecan J, Moldenaers P, Hendrickx M. Effect of pH and salts on microstructure and viscoelastic properties of lemon peel acid insoluble fiber suspensions upon high pressure homogenization. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Meerts M, Ramirez Cervera A, Struyf N, Cardinaels R, Courtin CM, Moldenaers P. The effects of yeast metabolites on the rheological behaviour of the dough matrix in fermented wheat flour dough. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Antonov YA, Zhuravleva I, Volodine A, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. Effect of the Helix-Coil Transition in Bovine Skin Gelatin on Its Associative Phase Separation with Lysozyme. Langmuir 2017; 33:13530-13542. [PMID: 29131633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the formation of electrostatic polyelectrolyte complexes can induce conformational changes in the interacting macromolecules. However, the opposite effect, namely, that of the helix-coil transition of one of the interacting polyelectrolytes on its associative phase separation with another polyelectrolyte and the possible phase transitions in such systems, has not been determined. Atomic force and confocal laser scanning microscopy, phase analysis, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, turbidimetry, absorption, and fluorescence measurements as well as differential scanning calorimetry and rheology were used to study the effect of the helix-coil transition in bovine skin gelatin (Gel) on its associative phase separation with hen egg white lysozyme (Lys) at different temperatures (18-40 °C) and various Lys/Gel weight ratios (0.01-100) at low ionic strength (0.01) and pH 7.0. The effects of the main variables on the phase state, the phase diagram, and the main complexation and binding parameters as well as the temperature and enthalpy of the helix-coil transition of Gel within the complexes were investigated. Associative phase separation is observed only for the system with Gel in the helix state. Effective charge and structure and the solution and rheological behavior of the formed complexes proved to be dependent on the [An-]/[Cat+] charge ratio. The localization of Lys within the complex particles has irregular character without the formation of a single center of binding. The binding of Lys with Gel does not lead to the disruption of its tertiary structure or to an appreciable change in the thermodynamic parameters of the thermal transitions of Lys. Gel in the coil state interacts only weakly with Lys, forming water-soluble complex associates. It is suggested that the Voorn-Overbeek model could potentially describe the stronger binding and phase separation in the case of Gel in the helix state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurij A Antonov
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Kosygin Str. 4., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Zhuravleva
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Kosygin Str. 4., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Volodine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, Box 2414, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200f, Box 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200f, Box 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Eindhoven , Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Malas A, Bharati A, Verkinderen O, Goderis B, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. Effect of the GO Reduction Method on the Dielectric Properties, Electrical Conductivity and Crystalline Behavior of PEO/rGO Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9110613. [PMID: 30965915 PMCID: PMC6418708 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the reduction method to prepare reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the melt linear viscoelastic properties, electrical conductivity, polymer matrix crystalline behavior and dielectric properties of PEO-rGO nanocomposites was investigated. Reduction was performed chemically with either sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or hydrazine monohydrate (N2H4·H2O) or both reduction agents consecutively as well as thermally at 1000 °C. The different reduction methods resulted in exfoliated rGO sheets with different types and amounts of remaining functional groups, as indicated by FT-IR, Raman, TGA and XRD characterization. Moreover, their electrical conductivity ranged between 10−4 and 10−1 S/cm, with the consecutive use of both chemical reduction agents being far superior. PEO nanocomposites with filler loadings of 0.5 wt %, 1 wt % and 2 wt % were prepared by solvent mixing. The rGO fillers affected the melt linear viscoelastic and crystalline behavior of the PEO matrix and resulted in nanocomposites with a substantially increased electrical conductivity. Despite the wide variability in filler conductivity, the effects on the polymer nanocomposite properties were less distinctive. A correlation was obtained between the reduction of the mobility of the polymer chains (evaluated by the glass transition temperature) and the dielectric strength of the interfacial polarisation originating from the effective entrapment of GO/rGO filler charges at the interface with the less conductive PEO. Thus, favorable interactions of the polar PEO with the filler led to reduced mobility of the PEO chains and thereby a more effective entrapment of the filler charges at the PEO interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish Malas
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Avanish Bharati
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Verkinderen
- Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bart Goderis
- Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Willemsen KL, Panozzo A, Moelants K, Debon SJ, Desmet C, Cardinaels R, Moldenaers P, Wallecan J, Hendrickx ME. Physico-chemical and viscoelastic properties of high pressure homogenized lemon peel fiber fraction suspensions obtained after sequential pectin extraction. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Meerts M, Van Ammel H, Meeus Y, Van Engeland S, Cardinaels R, Oosterlinck F, Courtin CM, Moldenaers P. Enhancing the Rheological Performance of Wheat Flour Dough with Glucose Oxidase, Transglutaminase or Supplementary Gluten. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-1986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Antonov YA, Zhuravleva IL, Cardinaels R, Moldenaers P. Specific effect of the linear charge density of the acid polysaccharide on thermal aggregation/disaggregation processes in complex carrageenan/lysozyme systems. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bharati A, Wübbenhorst M, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. Dielectric Properties of Phase-Separated Blends Containing a Microcapacitor Network of Carbon Nanotubes: Compatibilization by a Random or Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avanish Bharati
- Soft
Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.B. 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Wübbenhorst
- Soft
Matter and Biophysics Section, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, P.B. 2416, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft
Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.B. 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft
Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.B. 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Polymer
Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, P.B. 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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35
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Meerts M, Cardinaels R, Oosterlinck F, Courtin CM, Moldenaers P. The Impact of Water Content and Mixing Time on the Linear and Non-Linear Rheology of Wheat Flour Dough. FOOD BIOPHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-017-9472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Bharati A, Cardinaels R, Van der Donck T, Seo JW, Wübbenhorst M, Moldenaers P. Tuning the phase separated morphology and resulting electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube filled PαMSAN/PMMA blends by compatibilization with a random or block copolymer. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Antonov YA, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. Complexation of lysozyme with sodium caseinate and micellar casein in aqueous buffered solutions. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Mei Y, Li G, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. Dynamics of particle-covered droplets in shear flow: unusual breakup and deformation hysteresis. Soft Matter 2016; 12:9407-9412. [PMID: 27853801 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02031c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of droplets exhibiting an elastic interface generated by a percolated network of particle aggregates at the interface is microscopically investigated in a counter rotating shear flow device. The droplet deformation is significantly suppressed by interfacially localized nanoparticles, even at high Ca numbers, resulting in suspension-like behavior at high particle coverage. When the Ca number surpasses a critical value, the particle network locally breaks up, resulting in localized deformability of the interface and breakup dynamics characterized by extremely irregular shapes. Finally, the destruction of the interfacial network results in hysteresis effects in the droplet deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Mei
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P. B. 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. and College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P. B. 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P. B. 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, P. B. 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Meerts M, Cardinaels R, Oosterlinck F, M. Courtin C, Moldenaers P. The Interplay Between the Main Flour Constituents in the Rheological Behaviour of Wheat Flour Dough. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-016-1810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Monteyne T, Heeze L, Mortier STFC, Oldörp K, Cardinaels R, Nopens I, Vervaet C, Remon JP, De Beer T. The use of Rheology Combined with Differential Scanning Calorimetry to Elucidate the Granulation Mechanism of an Immiscible Formulation During Continuous Twin-Screw Melt Granulation. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2481-94. [PMID: 27335024 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Twin screw hot melt granulation (TS HMG) is a valuable, but still unexplored alternative to continuous granulation of moisture sensitive drugs. However, knowledge of the material behavior during TS HMG is crucial to optimize the formulation, process and resulting granule properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agglomeration mechanism during TS HMG using a rheometer in combination with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). METHODS An immiscible drug-binder formulation (caffeine-Soluplus(®)) was granulated via TS HMG in combination with thermal and rheological analysis (conventional and Rheoscope), granule characterization and Near Infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI). RESULTS A thin binder layer with restricted mobility was formed on the surface of the drug particles during granulation and is covered by a second layer with improved mobility when the Soluplus(®) concentration exceeded 15% (w/w). The formation of this second layer was facilitated at elevated granulation temperatures and resulted in smaller and more spherical granules. CONCLUSION The combination of thermal and rheological analysis and NIR-CI images was advantageous to develop in-depth understanding of the agglomeration mechanism during continuous TS HMG and provided insight in the granule properties as function of process temperature and binder concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne Monteyne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Liza Heeze
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Severine Therese F C Mortier
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653,, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klaus Oldörp
- Center for Material Characterization of Products, Thermo sher Dieselstrasse 4,, 76227, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Gemini-Zuid 4.142, 5600, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653,, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460,, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Remon
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460,, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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41
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Wang Y, den Toonder J, Cardinaels R, Anderson P. A continuous roll-pulling approach for the fabrication of magnetic artificial cilia with microfluidic pumping capability. Lab Chip 2016; 16:2277-86. [PMID: 27210071 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00531d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic artificial cilia are micro-hairs covering a surface that can be actuated using a time-dependent magnetic field to pump or mix fluids in microfluidic devices. This paper presents a novel fabrication method to realize magnetic artificial cilia using a roll-pulling process, in which a cylinder decorated with micro-pillars rolls over a liquid precursor film that contains magnetic particles at a speed up to 1 m s(-1), while a magnetic field is applied. Due to the interaction between the pillars and the liquid film, micro-hairs are pulled out of the film. In this way, surfaces with slender cone-shaped magnetic artificial cilia were produced. When integrated in a closed-loop channel, the artificial cilia were shown to be capable of generating substantial microfluidic pumping using external magnetic actuation. The spatial arrangement of the cilia can be varied by altering the layout of the micro-pillars on the roll surface. In addition, the final geometry of the individual cilia depends on the rheological properties of the precursor material in combination with the processing parameters of the roll-pulling process. A rheological study and fabrication tests were carried out for a range of precursor material compositions to obtain insight into the relation between precursor rheology and processing conditions on the one hand, and cilia geometry on the other hand. The development of this cleanroom-free, high speed and potentially large area method of production of artificial cilia is another step towards their implementation in real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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42
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Singh A, Bharati A, Frederiks P, Verkinderen O, Goderis B, Cardinaels R, Moldenaers P, Van Humbeeck J, Van den Mooter G. Effect of Compression on the Molecular Arrangement of Itraconazole-Soluplus Solid Dispersions: Induction of Liquid Crystals or Exacerbation of Phase Separation? Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1879-93. [PMID: 27092396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Predensification and compression are unit operations imperative to the manufacture of tablets and capsules. Such stress-inducing steps can cause destabilization of solid dispersions which can alter their molecular arrangement and ultimately affect dissolution rate and bioavailability. In this study, itraconazole-Soluplus solid dispersions with 50% (w/w) drug loading prepared by hot-melt extrusion (HME) were investigated. Compression was performed at both pharmaceutically relevant and extreme compression pressures and dwell times. The starting materials, powder, and compressed solid dispersions were analyzed using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). MDSC analysis revealed that compression promotes phase separation of solid dispersions as indicated by an increase in glass transition width, occurrence of a peak in the nonreversing heat flow signal, and an increase in the net heat of fusion indicating crystallinity in the systems. SWAXS analysis ruled out the presence of mesophases. BDS measurements elucidated an increase in the Soluplus-rich regions of the solid dispersion upon compression. FTIR indicated changes in the spatiotemporal architecture of the solid dispersions mediated via disruption in hydrogen bonding and ultimately altered dynamics. These changes can have significant consequences on the final stability and performance of the solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Avanish Bharati
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Olivier Verkinderen
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Goderis
- Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium.,Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Eindhoven , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Humbeeck
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
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Bharati A, Wübbenhorst M, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. Effect of Compatibilization on Interfacial Polarization and Intrinsic Length Scales in Biphasic Polymer Blends of PαMSAN and PMMA: A Combined Experimental and Modeling Dielectric Study. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avanish Bharati
- Soft
Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.B. 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Wübbenhorst
- Soft
Matter and Biophysics Section, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, P.B. 2416, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft
Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.B. 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft
Matter Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.B. 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Polymer
Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, P.B. 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Bose S, Sharma M, Bharati A, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. A strategy to achieve enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding at ultra-low concentration of multiwall carbon nanotubes in PαMSAN/PMMA blends in the presence of a random copolymer PS-r-PMMA. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27976c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediated by the PS-r-PMMA, the MWNTs were mostly localized at the interface and bridged the PMMA droplets. This strategy led to enhance EMI shielding effectiveness at 0.25 wt% MWNTs through multiple scattering from MWNT covered droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KU Leuven
- Leuven
- Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering
| | - Maya Sharma
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Banglore-560012
- India
| | | | | | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KU Leuven
- Leuven
- Belgium
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
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45
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Sankaran AK, Nijsse J, Cardinaels R, Bialek L, Shpigelman A, Hendrickx M, Moldenaers P, Van Loey AM. Effect of Enzymes on Serum and Particle Properties of Carrot Cell Suspensions. FOOD BIOPHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-015-9403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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46
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Morren S, Van Dyck T, Mathijs F, Luca S, Cardinaels R, Moldenaers P, De Ketelaere B, Claes J. Applicability of the Foodtexture Puff Device for Rheological Characterization of Viscous Food Products. J Texture Stud 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Morren
- Faculty of Engineering Technology; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); Lab4Food; KU Leuven; Kleinhoefstraat 4 Geel 2440 Belgium
| | - Tim Van Dyck
- Faculty of Engineering Technology; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); Lab4Food; KU Leuven; Kleinhoefstraat 4 Geel 2440 Belgium
| | - Frank Mathijs
- Department of Biosystems; BIOSYST-MeBioS; Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Stijn Luca
- Faculty of Engineering Technology; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); Lab4Food; KU Leuven; Kleinhoefstraat 4 Geel 2440 Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Polymer Technology Group; TU Eindhoven; Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Division of Soft Matter Rheology and Technology; KU Leuven; Heverlee Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Division of Soft Matter Rheology and Technology; KU Leuven; Heverlee Belgium
| | - Bart De Ketelaere
- Department of Biosystems; BIOSYST-MeBioS; Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Johan Claes
- Faculty of Engineering Technology; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); Lab4Food; KU Leuven; Kleinhoefstraat 4 Geel 2440 Belgium
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Huang J, Zhu Y, Jiang W, Cardinaels R, Moldenaers P, Shi D. Morphology Control and Stabilization in Immiscible Polypropylene and Polyamide 6 Blends with Organoclay. INT POLYM PROC 2014. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the current study, 70/30 (w/w) polypropylene (PP)/polyamide 6 (PA6)/organoclay ternary blends were prepared by melt mixing in three different blending sequences, i. e., organoclay premixed with PA6 and then mixed with PP (S1 blending sequence), organoclay premixed with PP and then mixed with PA6 (S2 blending sequence), and organoclay, PA6 and PP mixed simultaneously (S3 blending sequence). The effects of organoclay on the phase morphologies, rheological properties and mechanical properties of the blends are examined to reveal the role of organoclay in these immiscible blends. First of all, the dispersion and distribution of organoclay is investigated using XRD and TEM techniques. The organoclay is exfoliated and distributed in the dispersed PA6 phase as well as at the interface between PA6 and PP. Interestingly, more organoclay sheets are observed at the interface when the S2 or S3 blending sequences are utilized. From the SEM images, it is clear that the domain size of the PA6 phase decreases remarkably after introducing organoclay into the PP/PA6 blends. Two different rheological protocols are applied to probe the effect of organoclay on the morphology of the blend by in-situ monitoring the morphological evolution. The rheological results reveal that the phase morphology of the PP/PA6 blends remains relatively stable during shear for a wide range of shear rates when 1.0 wt% organoclay has been added. For the blends with a relatively high clay loading (5.0 wt%), a characteristic and pronounced “plateau” is observed in the low frequency range of the G′-ω curves, which indicates the presence of a percolating network of clay nanosheets. From the mechanical measurements, we find that the tensile strength of the blends increases slightly first and then declines dramatically with increasing organoclay content. Moreover, the elongation at break drops sharply as the organoclay content increases. In summary, it is clear that the organoclay can effectively reduce the domain size of the dispersed PA6 phase and stabilize the phase morphology in shear flow. However, the mechanical properties of the blends are not really improved by clay addition, even though a cocontinuous morphology with a percolated clay network was generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun , PRC
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PRC
| | - Y. Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun , PRC
| | - W. Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun , PRC
| | - R. Cardinaels
- Department of Chemical Engineering , KU Leuven, Leuven (Heverlee) , Belgium
| | - P. Moldenaers
- Department of Chemical Engineering , KU Leuven, Leuven (Heverlee) , Belgium
| | - D. Shi
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials , Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan , PRC
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Moelants KR, Cardinaels R, De Greef K, Daels E, Van Buggenhout S, Van Loey AM, Moldenaers P, Hendrickx ME. Effect of calcium ions and pH on the structure and rheology of carrot-derived suspensions. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moelants KR, Cardinaels R, Van Buggenhout S, Van Loey AM, Moldenaers P, Hendrickx ME. A Review on the Relationships between Processing, Food Structure, and Rheological Properties of Plant-Tissue-Based Food Suspensions. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:241-260. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katlijn R.N. Moelants
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); Dept. of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 PB 2457 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology; Dept. of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven; Willem de Croylaan 46 PB 2423 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Sandy Van Buggenhout
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); Dept. of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 PB 2457 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Ann M. Van Loey
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); Dept. of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 PB 2457 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology; Dept. of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven; Willem de Croylaan 46 PB 2423 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Marc E. Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe); Dept. of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 PB 2457 3001 Leuven Belgium
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Bose S, Cardinaels R, Özdilek C, Leys J, Seo JW, Wübbenhorst M, Moldenaers P. Effect of multiwall carbon nanotubes on the phase separation of concentrated blends of poly[(α-methyl styrene)-co-acrylonitrile] and poly(methyl methacrylate) as studied by melt rheology and conductivity spectroscopy. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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