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Johnson AW, Bloomquist RF, Fowler TE, Bloomquist DT. Framboesiform Facial Lesions and Chorioretinopathy as Presenting Signs of Syphilis in an Immunocompetent Patient. Sex Transm Dis 2024; 51:81-83. [PMID: 38100818 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Syphilis has long been considered the "great masquerader," notorious for its varying presentations and ability to affect most organ systems in the body. We report the case of a 41-year-old immunocompetent man who presented to ophthalmology with rapidly progressive visual complaints from bilateral panuveitis and concomitant verrucous facial lesions initially disregarded by the patient as acne. Serum testing for syphilis was positive, and he was admitted for 14 days of intravenous (IV) penicillin with multiservice care from dermatology, ophthalmology, and infectious disease. We present photographic documentation showing his stepwise resolution of his facial and retinal involvement with penicillin treatment course. This case is unusual in the concomitant presentation of ocular and facial syphilitic findings in an immunocompetent patient and highlights the need to include syphilis in the differential for unusual appearances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex W Johnson
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | | | - Teresa E Fowler
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Doan T Bloomquist
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta GA
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2
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Alghetaa H, Mohammed A, Singh NP, Bloomquist RF, Chatzistamou I, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P. Estrobolome dysregulation is associated with altered immunometabolism in a mouse model of endometriosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1261781. [PMID: 38144564 PMCID: PMC10748389 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1261781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endometriosis is a painful disease that affects around 5% of women of reproductive age. In endometriosis, ectopic endometrial cells or seeded endometrial debris grow in abnormal locations including the peritoneal cavity. Common manifestations of endometriosis include dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain and often infertility and symptomatic relief or surgical removal are mainstays of treatment. Endometriosis both promotes and responds to estrogen imbalance, leading to intestinal bacterial estrobolome dysregulation and a subsequent induction of inflammation. Methods In the current study, we investigated the linkage between gut dysbiosis and immune metabolic response in endometriotic mice. Ovariectomized BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal transplantation of endometrial tissue from OVX donors (OVX+END). Control groups included naïve mice (Naïve), naïve mice that received endometrial transplants (Naive+END) and OVX mice that received the vehicle (OVX+VEH). Colonic content was collected 2 weeks post-transplantation for 16s rRNA pyrosequencing and peritoneal fluid was collected to determine the phenotype of inflammatory cells by flow cytometry. Results We noted a significant increase in the number of peritoneal fluid cells, specifically, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and NKT cells in OVX+END mice. Phylogenetic taxonomy analysis showed significant dysbiosis in OVX+END mice, with an increase in abundance of Phylum Tenericutes, Class Mollicutes, Order Aneroplasmatales, and Genus Aneroplasma, and a decrease in Order Clostridiales, and Genus Dehalobacterium, when compared to OVX+VEH controls. The metabolomic profile showed an increase in some tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)-related metabolites accompanied by a reduction in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as butyric acid in OVX+END mice. Additionally, the mitochondrial and ATP production of immune cells was enforced to a maximal rate in OVX+END mice when compared to OVX+VEH mice. Conclusion The current study demonstrates that endometriosis alters the gut microbiota and associated immune metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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3
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Bloomquist RF, Goodbee M, Fowler TE, Prosser A. COVID-19-associated vestibular neuritis in an infant. Can J Ophthalmol 2023; 58:e213-e214. [PMID: 36965508 PMCID: PMC9998288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mya Goodbee
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | | | - Andrea Prosser
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.
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Fowler TE, Bloomquist RF, Sakhalkar MV, Bloomquist DT. Chronic Purulent Conjunctivitis Associated With Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. JAMA Ophthalmol 2023; 141:609-610. [PMID: 37166824 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This case report describes a patient with a chronic urinary tract infection whose long-term treatment for right eye redness, discharge, pain, and decreased vision ultimately led to hospitalization and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to multiple antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Fowler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta
| | | | - Monali V Sakhalkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Doan Tam Bloomquist
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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5
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Fowler TE, Bloomquist RF, Brinsko KJ, Lovas TR, Bloomquist DT. Bilateral zonular dehiscence during cataract surgery in a patient with systemic sclerosis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2023; 30:101817. [PMID: 36860889 PMCID: PMC9969197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Systemic sclerosis, also known as scleroderma, is a rare and chronic autoimmune connective disorder that affects most organs. While clinical findings of scleroderma patients in the context of the eye have been described to include lid fibrosis and glaucoma, almost nothing has been reported regarding ophthalmologic surgical complications in scleroderma patients. Observations Here, we report bilateral zonular dehiscence and iris prolapse during two independent cataract extractions performed by separate experienced anterior segment surgeons in a patient with known systemic sclerosis. The patient did not have any other known risk factors for these complications to occur. Conclusions and Importance In our patient, bilateral zonular dehiscence raised the possibility of poor connective tissue support secondary to scleroderma. We recommend that clinicians are aware of potential complications in performing anterior segment surgery in patients with known or suspected scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E. Fowler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, 30904, Georgia
| | - Ryan F. Bloomquist
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6311 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Brinsko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 950 15th Street, Augusta, 30904, Georgia
| | - Thomas R. Lovas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 950 15th Street, Augusta, 30904, Georgia
| | - Doan T. Bloomquist
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 950 15th Street, Augusta, 30904, Georgia,Corresponding author. Ophthalmology, Surgery Service/Ophthalmology Section Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia.
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Bloomquist RF, Fowler TE, Bloomquist DT. Inadvertent Injection of Botox Into the Anterior Chamber of the Eye With Crystalline Deposition. Cornea 2023; 42:e1-e2. [PMID: 36446031 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa E Fowler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA; and
| | - Doan T Bloomquist
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA
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7
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Simon V, Kota V, Bloomquist RF, Hanley HB, Forgacs D, Pahwa S, Pallikkuth S, Miller LG, Schaenman J, Yeaman MR, Manthei D, Wolf J, Gaur AH, Estepp JH, Srivastava K, Carreño JM, Cuevas F, Ellebedy AH, Gordon A, Valdez R, Cobey S, Reed EF, Kolhe R, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S, Ross TM, Krammer F. PARIS and SPARTA: Finding the Achilles' Heel of SARS-CoV-2. mSphere 2022; 7:e0017922. [PMID: 35586986 PMCID: PMC9241545 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00179-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand reinfection rates and correlates of protection for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we established eight different longitudinal cohorts in 2020 under the umbrella of the PARIS (Protection Associated with Rapid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2)/SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence And Respiratory Tract Assessment) studies. Here, we describe the PARIS/SPARTA cohorts, the harmonized assays and analysis that are performed across the cohorts, as well as case definitions for SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection that have been established by the team of PARIS/SPARTA investigators. IMPORTANCE Determining reinfection rates and correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection induced by both natural infection and vaccination is of high significance for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, understanding reinfections or infection after vaccination and the role immune escape plays in these scenarios will inform the need for updates of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and help update guidelines suitable for the postpandemic world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vamsi Kota
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ryan F. Bloomquist
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hannah B. Hanley
- Center for Vaccine and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - David Forgacs
- Center for Vaccine and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Loren G. Miller
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Joanna Schaenman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael R. Yeaman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - David Manthei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aditya H. Gaur
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeremie H. Estepp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Komal Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frans Cuevas
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - PARIS/SPARTA Study Group,
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ali H. Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Riccardo Valdez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah Cobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elaine F. Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccine and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Patil C, Sylvester JB, Abdilleh K, Norsworthy MW, Pottin K, Malinsky M, Bloomquist RF, Johnson ZV, McGrath PT, Streelman JT. Genome-enabled discovery of evolutionary divergence in brains and behavior. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13016. [PMID: 34155279 PMCID: PMC8217251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lake Malawi cichlid fishes exhibit extensive divergence in form and function built from a relatively small number of genetic changes. We compared the genomes of rock- and sand-dwelling species and asked which genetic variants differed among the groups. We found that 96% of differentiated variants reside in non-coding sequence but these non-coding diverged variants are evolutionarily conserved. Genome regions near differentiated variants are enriched for craniofacial, neural and behavioral categories. Following leads from genome sequence, we used rock- vs. sand-species and their hybrids to (i) delineate the push-pull roles of BMP signaling and irx1b in the specification of forebrain territories during gastrulation and (ii) reveal striking context-dependent brain gene expression during adult social behavior. Our results demonstrate how divergent genome sequences can predict differences in key evolutionary traits. We highlight the promise of evolutionary reverse genetics-the inference of phenotypic divergence from unbiased genome sequencing and then empirical validation in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinar Patil
- School of Biological Sciences and Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jonathan B Sylvester
- School of Biological Sciences and Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kawther Abdilleh
- School of Biological Sciences and Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael W Norsworthy
- Catalog Technologies Inc., Boston, MA, USA
- Freedom of Form Foundation, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karen Pottin
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Dévelopement (IBPS-LBD, UMR7622), CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Milan Malinsky
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ryan F Bloomquist
- School of Biological Sciences and Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zachary V Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences and Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrick T McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences and Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Streelman
- School of Biological Sciences and Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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An Z, Sabalic M, Bloomquist RF, Fowler TE, Streelman T, Sharpe PT. A quiescent cell population replenishes mesenchymal stem cells to drive accelerated growth in mouse incisors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:378. [PMID: 29371677 PMCID: PMC5785476 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent to which heterogeneity within mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) populations is related to function is not understood. Using the archetypal MSC in vitro surface marker, CD90/Thy1, here we show that 30% of the MSCs in the continuously growing mouse incisor express CD90/Thy1 and these cells give rise to 30% of the differentiated cell progeny during postnatal development. In adulthood, when growth rate homeostasis is established, the CD90/Thy1+ MSCs decrease dramatically in number. When adult incisors are cut, the growth rate increases to rapidly re-establish tooth length and homeostasis. This accelerated growth rate correlates with the re-appearance of CD90/Thy+ MSCs and re-establishment of their contribution to cell differentiation. A population of Celsr1+ quiescent cells becomes mitotic following clipping and replenishes the CD90/Thy1 population. A sub-population of MSCs thus exists in the mouse incisor, distinguished by expression of CD90/Thy1 that plays a specific role only during periods of increased growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen An
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maja Sabalic
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ryan F Bloomquist
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Teresa E Fowler
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Todd Streelman
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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Bloomquist RF, Fowler TE, Sylvester JB, Miro RJ, Streelman JT. A compendium of developmental gene expression in Lake Malawi cichlid fishes. BMC Dev Biol 2017; 17:3. [PMID: 28158974 PMCID: PMC5291978 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-017-0146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lake Malawi cichlids represent one of a growing number of vertebrate models used to uncover the genetic and developmental basis of trait diversity. Rapid evolutionary radiation has resulted in species that share similar genomes but differ markedly in phenotypes including brains and behavior, nuptial coloration and the craniofacial skeleton. Research has begun to identify the genes, as well as the molecular and developmental pathways that underlie trait divergence. RESULTS We assemble a compendium of gene expression for Lake Malawi cichlids, across pharyngula (the phylotypic stage) and larval stages of development, encompassing hundreds of gene transcripts. We chart patterns of expression in Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Hedgehog (Hh), Notch and Wingless (Wnt) signaling pathways, as well as genes involved in neurogenesis, calcium and endocrine signaling, stem cell biology, and numerous homeobox (Hox) factors-in three planes using whole-mount in situ hybridization. Because of low sequence divergence across the Malawi cichlid assemblage, the probes we employ are broadly applicable in hundreds of species. We tabulate gene expression across general tissue domains, and highlight examples of unexpected expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS On the heels of recently published genomes, this compendium of developmental gene expression in Lake Malawi cichlids provides a valuable resource for those interested in the relationship between evolution and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Bloomquist
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Medical College of Georgia, School of Dentistry, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - T E Fowler
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J B Sylvester
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R J Miro
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J T Streelman
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Abstract
In many aquatic vertebrates, including bony and cartilaginous fishes, teeth and taste buds colocalize on jaw elements. In these animals, taste buds are renewed continuously throughout life, whereas teeth undergo cycled whole-organ replacement by various means. Recently, studies of cichlid fishes have yielded new insights into the development and regeneration of these dental and sensory oral organs. Tooth and taste bud densities covary positively across species with different feeding strategies, controlled by common regions of the genome and integrated molecular signals. Developing teeth and taste buds share a bipotent epithelium during early patterning stages, from which dental and taste fields are specified. Moreover, these organs share a common epithelial ribbon that supports label-retaining cells during later stages of regeneration. During both patterning and regeneration stages, dental organs can be converted to taste bud fate by manipulation of BMP signaling. These observations highlight a surprising long-term plasticity between dental and sensory organ types. Here, we review these findings and discuss the implications of developmental plasticity that spans the continuum of craniofacial organ patterning and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Todd Streelman
- School of Biology, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Ryan F Bloomquist
- School of Biology, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Teresa E Fowler
- School of Biology, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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12
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Fraser GJ, Bloomquist RF, Streelman JT. Common developmental pathways link tooth shape to regeneration. Dev Biol 2013; 377:399-414. [PMID: 23422830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In many non-mammalian vertebrates, adult dentitions result from cyclical rounds of tooth regeneration wherein simple unicuspid teeth are replaced by more complex forms. Therefore and by contrast to mammalian models, the numerical majority of vertebrate teeth develop shape during the process of replacement. Here, we exploit the dental diversity of Lake Malawi cichlid fishes to ask how vertebrates generally replace their dentition and in turn how this process acts to influence resulting tooth morphologies. First, we used immunohistochemistry to chart organogenesis of continually replacing cichlid teeth and discovered an epithelial down-growth that initiates the replacement cycle via a labial proliferation bias. Next, we identified sets of co-expressed genes from common pathways active during de novo, lifelong tooth replacement and tooth morphogenesis. Of note, we found two distinct epithelial cell populations, expressing markers of dental competence and cell potency, which may be responsible for tooth regeneration. Related gene sets were simultaneously active in putative signaling centers associated with the differentiation of replacement teeth with complex shapes. Finally, we manipulated targeted pathways (BMP, FGF, Hh, Notch, Wnt/β-catenin) in vivo with small molecules and demonstrated dose-dependent effects on both tooth replacement and tooth shape. Our data suggest that the processes of tooth regeneration and tooth shape morphogenesis are integrated via a common set of molecular signals. This linkage has subsequently been lost or decoupled in mammalian dentitions where complex tooth shapes develop in first generation dentitions that lack the capacity for lifelong replacement. Our dissection of the molecular mechanics of vertebrate tooth replacement coupled to complex shape pinpoints aspects of odontogenesis that might be re-evolved in the lab to solve problems in regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Fraser
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Fraser GJ, Hulsey CD, Bloomquist RF, Uyesugi K, Manley NR, Streelman JT. An ancient gene network is co-opted for teeth on old and new jaws. PLoS Biol 2009; 7:e31. [PMID: 19215146 PMCID: PMC2637924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate dentitions originated in the posterior pharynx of jawless fishes more than half a billion years ago. As gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) evolved, teeth developed on oral jaws and helped to establish the dominance of this lineage on land and in the sea. The advent of oral jaws was facilitated, in part, by absence of hox gene expression in the first, most anterior, pharyngeal arch. Much later in evolutionary time, teleost fishes evolved a novel toothed jaw in the pharynx, the location of the first vertebrate teeth. To examine the evolutionary modularity of dentitions, we asked whether oral and pharyngeal teeth develop using common or independent gene regulatory pathways. First, we showed that tooth number is correlated on oral and pharyngeal jaws across species of cichlid fishes from Lake Malawi (East Africa), suggestive of common regulatory mechanisms for tooth initiation. Surprisingly, we found that cichlid pharyngeal dentitions develop in a region of dense hox gene expression. Thus, regulation of tooth number is conserved, despite distinct developmental environments of oral and pharyngeal jaws; pharyngeal jaws occupy hox-positive, endodermal sites, and oral jaws develop in hox-negative regions with ectodermal cell contributions. Next, we studied the expression of a dental gene network for tooth initiation, most genes of which are similarly deployed across the two disparate jaw sites. This collection of genes includes members of the ectodysplasin pathway, eda and edar, expressed identically during the patterning of oral and pharyngeal teeth. Taken together, these data suggest that pharyngeal teeth of jawless vertebrates utilized an ancient gene network before the origin of oral jaws, oral teeth, and ectodermal appendages. The first vertebrate dentition likely appeared in a hox-positive, endodermal environment and expressed a genetic program including ectodysplasin pathway genes. This ancient regulatory circuit was co-opted and modified for teeth in oral jaws of the first jawed vertebrate, and subsequently deployed as jaws enveloped teeth on novel pharyngeal jaws. Our data highlight an amazing modularity of jaws and teeth as they coevolved during the history of vertebrates. We exploit this diversity to infer a core dental gene network, common to the first tooth and all of its descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Fraser
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (GJF); (JTS)
| | - C. Darrin Hulsey
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ryan F Bloomquist
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kristine Uyesugi
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nancy R Manley
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - J. Todd Streelman
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (GJF); (JTS)
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Abstract
Background Periodic patterning of iterative structures is a fundamental process during embryonic organization and development. Studies have shown how gene networks are employed to pattern butterfly eyespots, fly bristles and vertebrate epithelial appendages such as teeth, feathers, hair and mammary glands. Despite knowledge of how these features are organized, little is known about how diversity in periodic patterning is generated in nature. We address this problem through the molecular analysis of oral jaw dental diversity in Lake Malawi cichlids, where closely related species exhibit from 1 to 20 rows of teeth, with total teeth counts ranging from around 10 to 700. Results We investigate the expression of conserved gene networks (involving bmp2, bmp4, eda, edar, fgf8, pax9, pitx2, runx2, shh and wnt7b) known to pattern iterative structures and teeth in other vertebrates. We show that spatiotemporal variation in expression pattern reflects adult morphological diversity among three closely related Malawi cichlid species. Combinatorial epithelial expression of pitx2 and shh appears to govern the competence both of initial tooth sites and future tooth rows. Epithelial wnt7b and mesenchymal eda are expressed in the inter-germ and inter-row regions, and likely regulate the spacing of these shh-positive units. Finally, we used chemical knockdown to demonstrate the fundamental role of hedgehog signalling and initial placode formation in the organization of the periodically patterned cichlid dental programme. Conclusion Coordinated patterns of gene expression differ among Malawi species and prefigure the future-ordered distribution of functional teeth of specific size and spacing. This variation in gene expression among species occurs early in the developmental programme for dental patterning. These data show how a complex multi-rowed vertebrate dentition is organized and how developmental tinkering of conserved gene networks during iterative pattern formation can impact upon the evolution of trophic novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Fraser
- School of Biology, Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA.
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