1
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Tsuchida A, Kaneko T, Nishikawa K, Kawasaki M, Yokokawa R, Shintaku H. Opto-combinatorial indexing enables high-content transcriptomics by linking cell images and transcriptomes. Lab Chip 2024; 24:2287-2297. [PMID: 38506394 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00866e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
We introduce a simple integrated analysis method that links cellular phenotypic behaviour with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) by utilizing a combination of optical indices from cells and hydrogel beads. With our method, the combinations, referred to as joint colour codes, enable the link via matching the optical combinations measured by conventional epi-fluorescence microscopy with the concatenated DNA molecular barcodes created by cell-hydrogel bead pairs and sequenced by next-generation sequencing. We validated our approach by demonstrating an accurate link between the cell image and scRNA-seq with mixed species experiments, longitudinal cell tagging by electroporation and lipofection, and gene expression analysis. Furthermore, we extended our approach to multiplexed chemical transcriptomics, which enabled us to identify distinct phenotypic behaviours in HeLa cells treated with various concentrations of paclitaxel, and determine the corresponding gene regulation associated with the formation of a multipolar spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Tsuchida
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Main Research Building 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Taikopaul Kaneko
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Main Research Building 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kaori Nishikawa
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Main Research Building 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mayu Kawasaki
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Main Research Building 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Shintaku
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Main Research Building 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
- Institute for Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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2
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Chuaychob S, Lyu R, Tanaka M, Haginiwa A, Kitada A, Nakamura T, Yokokawa R. Mimicking angiogenic microenvironment of alveolar soft-part sarcoma in a microfluidic coculture vasculature chip. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312472121. [PMID: 38502703 PMCID: PMC10990104 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312472121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is a slow-growing soft tissue sarcoma with high mortality rates that affects adolescents and young adults. ASPS resists conventional chemotherapy; thus, decades of research have elucidated pathogenic mechanisms driving the disease, particularly its angiogenic capacities. Integrated blood vessels that are rich in pericytes (PCs) and metastatic potential are distinctive of ASPS. To mimic ASPS angiogenic microenvironment, a microfluidic coculture vasculature chip has been developed as a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid composed of mouse ASPS, a layer of PCs, and endothelial cells (ECs). This ASPS-on-a-chip provided functional and morphological similarity as the in vivo mouse model to elucidate the cellular crosstalk within the tumor vasculature before metastasis. We successfully reproduce ASPS spheroid and leaky vessels representing the unique tumor vasculature to assess effective drug delivery into the core of a solid tumor. Furthermore, this ASPS angiogenesis model enabled us to investigate the role of proteins in the intracellular trafficking of bioactive signals from ASPS to PCs and ECs during angiogenesis, including Rab27a and Sytl2. The results can help to develop drugs targeting the crosstalk between ASPS and the adjacent cells in the tumoral microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surachada Chuaychob
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto615-8540, Japan
| | - Ruyin Lyu
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto615-8540, Japan
| | - Miwa Tanaka
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo135-8550, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
| | - Ayumi Haginiwa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto615-8540, Japan
| | - Atsuya Kitada
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto615-8540, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto615-8540, Japan
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3
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Shaji M, Tamada A, Fujimoto K, Muguruma K, Karsten SL, Yokokawa R. Deciphering potential vascularization factors of on-chip co-cultured hiPSC-derived cerebral organoids. Lab Chip 2024; 24:680-696. [PMID: 38284292 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00930k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The lack of functional vascular system in stem cell-derived cerebral organoids (COs) limits their utility in modeling developmental processes and disease pathologies. Unlike other organs, brain vascularization is poorly understood, which makes it particularly difficult to mimic in vitro. Although several attempts have been made to vascularize COs, complete vascularization leading to functional capillary network development has only been achieved via transplantation into a mouse brain. Understanding the cues governing neurovascular communication is therefore imperative for establishing an efficient in vitro system for vascularized cerebral organoids that can emulate human brain development. Here, we used a multidisciplinary approach combining microfluidics, organoids, and transcriptomics to identify molecular changes in angiogenic programs that impede the successful in vitro vascularization of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived COs. First, we established a microfluidic cerebral organoid (CO)-vascular bed (VB) co-culture system and conducted transcriptome analysis on the outermost cell layer of COs cultured on the preformed VB. Results revealed coordinated regulation of multiple pro-angiogenic factors and their downstream targets. The VEGF-HIF1A-AKT network was identified as a central pathway involved in the angiogenic response of cerebral organoids to the preformed VB. Among the 324 regulated genes associated with angiogenesis, six transcripts represented significantly regulated growth factors with the capacity to influence angiogenic activity during co-culture. Subsequent on-chip experiments demonstrated the angiogenic and vasculogenic potential of cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) and hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) as potential enhancers of organoid vascularization. Our study provides the first global analysis of cerebral organoid response to three-dimensional microvasculature for in vitro vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Shaji
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto - 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Tamada
- Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata City, Osaka - 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto - 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Keiko Muguruma
- Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata City, Osaka - 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Stanislav L Karsten
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto - 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto - 615-8540, Japan.
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4
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Fujimoto K, Kameda Y, Nagano Y, Deguchi S, Yamamoto T, Krol RP, Gee P, Matsumura Y, Okamoto T, Nagao M, Takayama K, Yokokawa R. SARS-CoV-2-induced disruption of a vascular bed in a microphysiological system caused by type-I interferon from bronchial organoids. Lab Chip 2024. [PMID: 38252025 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00768e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Blood vessels show various COVID-19-related conditions including thrombosis and cytokine propagation. Existing in vitro blood vessel models cannot represent the consequent changes in the vascular structure or determine the initial infection site, making it difficult to evaluate how epithelial and endothelial tissues are damaged. Here, we developed a microphysiological system (MPS) that co-culture the bronchial organoids and the vascular bed to analyze infection site and interactions. In this system, virus-infected organoids caused damage in vascular structure. However, vasculature was not damaged or infected when the virus was directly introduced to vascular bed. The knockout of interferon-related genes and inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway reduced the vascular damage, indicating the protective effect of interferon response suppression. The results demonstrate selective infection of bronchial epithelial cells and vascular damage by cytokines and also indicate the applicability of MPS to investigate how the infection influences vascular structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Kameda
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Yuta Nagano
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Rafal P Krol
- Research and Development Center, CiRA Foundation, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Peter Gee
- MaxCyte Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Yasufumi Matsumura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
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5
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Banan Sadeghian R, Ueno R, Takata Y, Kawakami A, Ma C, Araoka T, Takasato M, Yokokawa R. Cells sorted off hiPSC-derived kidney organoids coupled with immortalized cells reliably model the proximal tubule. Commun Biol 2023; 6:483. [PMID: 37142732 PMCID: PMC10160057 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Of late, numerous microphysiological systems have been employed to model the renal proximal tubule. Yet there is lack of research on refining the functions of the proximal tubule epithelial layer-selective filtration and reabsorption. In this report, pseudo proximal tubule cells extracted from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids are combined and cultured with immortalized proximal tubule cells. It is shown that the cocultured tissue is an impervious epithelium that offers improved levels of certain transporters, extracellular matrix proteins collagen and laminin, and superior glucose transport and P-glycoprotein activity. mRNA expression levels higher than those obtained from each cell type were detected, suggesting an anomalous synergistic crosstalk between the two. Alongside, the improvements in morphological characteristics and performance of the immortalized proximal tubule tissue layer exposed, upon maturation, to human umbilical vein endothelial cells are thoroughly quantified and compared. Glucose and albumin reabsorption, as well as xenobiotic efflux rates through P-glycoprotein were all improved. The data presented abreast highlight the advantages of the cocultured epithelial layer and the non-iPSC-based bilayer. The in vitro models presented herein can be helpful in personalized nephrotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryohei Ueno
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Yuji Takata
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawakami
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Araoka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Minoru Takasato
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.
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6
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Tanaka M, Chuaychob S, Homme M, Yamazaki Y, Lyu R, Yamashita K, Ae K, Matsumoto S, Kumegawa K, Maruyama R, Qu W, Miyagi Y, Yokokawa R, Nakamura T. ASPSCR1::TFE3 orchestrates the angiogenic program of alveolar soft part sarcoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1957. [PMID: 37029109 PMCID: PMC10082046 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a soft part malignancy affecting adolescents and young adults. ASPS is characterized by a highly integrated vascular network, and its high metastatic potential indicates the importance of ASPS's prominent angiogenic activity. Here, we find that the expression of ASPSCR1::TFE3, the fusion transcription factor causatively associated with ASPS, is dispensable for in vitro tumor maintenance; however, it is required for in vivo tumor development via angiogenesis. ASPSCR1::TFE3 is frequently associated with super-enhancers (SEs) upon its DNA binding, and the loss of its expression induces SE-distribution dynamic modification related to genes belonging to the angiogenesis pathway. Using epigenomic CRISPR/dCas9 screening, we identify Pdgfb, Rab27a, Sytl2, and Vwf as critical targets associated with reduced enhancer activities due to the ASPSCR1::TFE3 loss. Upregulation of Rab27a and Sytl2 promotes angiogenic factor-trafficking to facilitate ASPS vascular network construction. ASPSCR1::TFE3 thus orchestrates higher ordered angiogenesis via modulating the SE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Tanaka
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Surachada Chuaychob
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mizuki Homme
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cell Biology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Yamazaki
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruyin Lyu
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamashita
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ae
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Kumegawa
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Ueno R, Kuninori M, Sumi T, Sadeghian RB, Takata Y, Iguchi A, Tsuda M, Yamashita F, Ichikawa K, Yokokawa R. Relationship between Adsorption and Toxicity of Nephrotoxic Drugs in Microphysiological Systems (MPS). Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:761. [PMID: 37420994 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) are an emerging technology for next-generation drug screening in non-clinical tests. Microphysiological systems are microfluidic devices that reconstitute the physiological functions of a human organ using a three-dimensional in vivo-mimicking microenvironment. In the future, MPSs are expected to reduce the number of animal experiments, improve prediction methods for drug efficacy in clinical settings, and reduce the costs of drug discovery. However, drug adsorption onto the polymers used in an MPS is a critical issue for assessment because it changes the concentration of the drug. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a basic material used for the fabrication of MPS, strongly adsorbs hydrophobic drugs. As a substitute for PDMS, cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) has emerged as an attractive material for low-adsorption MPS. However, it has difficulty bonding with different materials and, therefore, is not commonly used. In this study, we assessed the drug adsorption properties of each material constituting an MPS and subsequent changes in drug toxicity for the development of a low-adsorption MPSs using COP. The hydrophobic drug cyclosporine A showed an affinity for PDMS and induced lower cytotoxicity in PDMS-MPS but not in COP-MPS, whereas adhesive tapes used for bonding adsorbed a significant quantity of drugs, lowering their availability, and was cytotoxic. Therefore, easily-adsorbed hydrophobic drugs and bonding materials having lower cytotoxicity should be used with a low-adsorption polymer such as COP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Ueno
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- Toyo Seikan Group Holdings, Ltd., Yokohama 240-0062, Japan
| | | | - Takumi Sumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Takata
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Azusa Iguchi
- Toyo Seikan Group Holdings, Ltd., Yokohama 240-0062, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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8
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Zhou H, Jung W, Ishrat Farhana T, Fujimoto K, Kim T, Yokokawa R. Tuning the collective motion of microtubules by their persistence length. Biophys J 2023; 122:126a. [PMID: 36782561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wonyeong Jung
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taeyoon Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Fujimoto K, Erickson S, Nakayama M, Ihara H, Sugihara K, Nashimoto Y, Nishiyama K, Miura T, Yokokawa R. Pericytes and shear stress each alter the shape of a self-assembled vascular network. Lab Chip 2023; 23:306-317. [PMID: 36537555 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00605g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel morphology is dictated by mechanical and biochemical cues. Flow-induced shear stress and pericytes both play important roles, and they have previously been studied using on-chip vascular networks to uncover their connection to angiogenic sprouting and network stabilization. However, it is unknown which shear stress values promote angiogenesis, how pericytes are directed to sprouts, and how shear stress and pericytes affect the overall vessel morphology. Here, we employed a microfluidic device to study these phenomena in three-dimensional (3D) self-assembled vasculature. Computational fluid dynamics solver (COMSOL) simulations indicated that sprouts form most frequently at locations of relatively low shear stresses (0.5-1.5 dyn cm-2). Experimental results show that pericytes limit vascular diameter. Interestingly, when treated with imatinib or crenolanib, which are chemotherapeutic drugs and inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), the pericyte coverage of vessels decreased significantly but vessel diameter remained unchanged. This furthers our understanding of the mechanisms underlying vascular development and demonstrates the value of this microfluidic device in future studies on drug development and vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Scott Erickson
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | | - Hiroki Ihara
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kei Sugihara
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Koichi Nishiyama
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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10
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Nashimoto Y, Mukomoto R, Imaizumi T, Terai T, Shishido S, Ino K, Yokokawa R, Miura T, Onuma K, Inoue M, Shiku H. Electrochemical sensing of oxygen metabolism for a three-dimensional cultured model with biomimetic vascular flow. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114808. [PMID: 36327566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPSs) with three-dimensional (3D) cultured models have attracted considerable interest because of their potential to mimic human health and disease conditions. Recent MPSs have shown significant advancements in engineering perfusable vascular networks integrated with 3D culture models, realizing a more physiological environment in vitro; however, a sensing system that can monitor their activity under biomimetic vascular flow is lacking. We designed an open-top microfluidic device with sensor capabilities and demonstrated its application in analyzing oxygen metabolism in vascularized 3D tissue models. We first validated the platform by using human lung fibroblast (hLF) spheroids. Then, we applied the platform to a patient-derived cancer organoid and evaluated the changes in oxygen metabolism during drug administration through the vascular network. We found that the platform could integrate a perfusable vascular network with 3D cultured cells, and the electrochemical sensor could detect the change in oxygen metabolism in a quantitative, non-invasive, and real-time manner. This platform would become a monitoring system for 3D cultured cells integrated with a perfusable vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nashimoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Rei Mukomoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuto Imaizumi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takato Terai
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shotaro Shishido
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kunishige Onuma
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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11
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Shaji M, Kitada A, Fujimoto K, Karsten SL, Yokokawa R. Long-term effect of sodium selenite on the integrity and permeability of on-chip microvasculature. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:046105. [PMID: 36397962 PMCID: PMC9665962 DOI: 10.1063/5.0122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the robust and functionally stable three-dimensional (3D) microvasculature remains challenging. One often-overlooked factor is the presence of potential anti-angiogenic agents in culture media. Sodium selenite, an antioxidant commonly used in serum-free media, demonstrates strong anti-angiogenic properties and has been proposed as an anticancer drug. However, its long-term effects on in vitro microvascular systems at the concentrations used in culture media have not been studied. In this study, we used a five-channel microfluidic device to investigate the concentration and temporal effects of sodium selenite on the morphology and functionality of on-chip preformed microvasculature. We found that high concentrations (∼3.0 μM) had adverse effects on microvasculature perfusion, permeability, and overall integrity within the first few days. Moreover, even at low concentrations (∼3.0 nM), a long-term culture effect was observed, resulting in an increase in vascular permeability without any noticeable changes in morphology. A further analysis suggested that vessel leakage may be due to vascular endothelial growth factor dysregulation, disruption of intracellular junctions, or both. This study provides important insight into the adverse effects caused by the routinely present sodium selenite on 3D microvasculature in long-term studies for its application in disease modeling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Shaji
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Atsuya Kitada
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Stanislav L. Karsten
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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12
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Zhou H, Jung W, Farhana TI, Fujimoto K, Kim T, Yokokawa R. Durability of Aligned Microtubules Dependent on Persistence Length Determines Phase Transition and Pattern Formation in Collective Motion. ACS Nano 2022; 16:14765-14778. [PMID: 36098647 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Collective motion is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature. The collective motion of cytoskeleton filaments results mainly from dynamic collisions and alignments; however, the detailed mechanism of pattern formation still needs to be clarified. In particular, the influence of persistence length, which is a measure of filament flexibility, on collective motion is still unclear and lacks experimental verifications although it is likely to directly affect the orientational flexibility of filaments. Here, we investigated the collective motion of microtubules with different persistence lengths using a microtubule-kinesin motility system. We showed that local interactions between microtubules significantly vary depending on their persistence length. We demonstrated that the bundling of microtubules is enhanced by more durable alignment, rather than by greater likelihood of alignment. An agent-based computational model confirmed that the rigidity-dependent durability of microtubule alignment dominates their collective behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Wonyeong Jung
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tamanna Ishrat Farhana
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Taeyoon Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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13
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Chantarasrivong C, Okada R, Yamane Y, Yang X, Higuchi Y, Konishi M, Komura N, Ando H, Yokokawa R, Yamashita F. Disposition of E-selectin-targeting liposomes in tumor spheroids with a perfusable vascular network. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:100469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Yuge S, Nishiyama K, Arima Y, Hanada Y, Oguri-Nakamura E, Hanada S, Ishii T, Wakayama Y, Hasegawa U, Tsujita K, Yokokawa R, Miura T, Itoh T, Tsujita K, Mochizuki N, Fukuhara S. Mechanical loading of intraluminal pressure mediates wound angiogenesis by regulating the TOCA family of F-BAR proteins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2594. [PMID: 35551172 PMCID: PMC9098626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is regulated in coordinated fashion by chemical and mechanical cues acting on endothelial cells (ECs). However, the mechanobiological mechanisms of angiogenesis remain unknown. Herein, we demonstrate a crucial role of blood flow-driven intraluminal pressure (IP) in regulating wound angiogenesis. During wound angiogenesis, blood flow-driven IP loading inhibits elongation of injured blood vessels located at sites upstream from blood flow, while downstream injured vessels actively elongate. In downstream injured vessels, F-BAR proteins, TOCA1 and CIP4, localize at leading edge of ECs to promote N-WASP-dependent Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin polymerization and front-rear polarization for vessel elongation. In contrast, IP loading expands upstream injured vessels and stretches ECs, preventing leading edge localization of TOCA1 and CIP4 to inhibit directed EC migration and vessel elongation. These data indicate that the TOCA family of F-BAR proteins are key actin regulatory proteins required for directed EC migration and sense mechanical cell stretching to regulate wound angiogenesis. Chemical and mechanical cues coordinately regulate angiogenesis. Here, the authors show that blood flow-driven intraluminal pressure regulates wound angiogenesis. Findings indicate that TOCA family of F-BAR proteins act as actin regulators required for endothelial cell migration and sense mechanical cell stretching to regulate wound angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yuge
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishiyama
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan. .,Laboratory of Vascular and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 889-1962, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hanada
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya City, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Eri Oguri-Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Sanshiro Hanada
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yuki Wakayama
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Urara Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kazuya Tsujita
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.,Division of Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiki Itoh
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.,Division of Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
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15
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Kameda Y, Chuaychob S, Tanaka M, Liu Y, Okada R, Fujimoto K, Nakamura T, Yokokawa R. Three-dimensional tissue model in direct contact with an on-chip vascular bed enabled by removable membranes. Lab Chip 2022; 22:641-651. [PMID: 35018934 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00751c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture is a powerful tool for understanding physiological events. However, 3D tissues still have limitations in their size, culture period, and maturity, which are caused by the lack of nutrients and oxygen supply through the vasculature. Here, we propose a new method for culturing a 3D tissue-a spheroid-directly on an 'on-chip vascular bed'. The method can be applied to any 3D tissue because the vascular bed is preformed, so that angiogenic factors from the tissue are not necessary to induce vasculature. The essential component of the assay system is the removable membrane that initially separates the 3D tissue culture well and the microchannel in which a uniform vascular bed is formed, and then allows the tissue to be settled directly onto the vascular bed following its removal. This in vitro system offers a new technique for evaluating the effects of vasculature on 3D tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Kameda
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Surachada Chuaychob
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Miwa Tanaka
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Ryu Okada
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
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16
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Hotta H, Zhou H, Fujimoto K, Ishrat Farhana T, Yokokawa R. Evaluation of the flexural rigidity of microtubules with a multilayer perceptron model. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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17
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Fujimoto K, Iino R, Yokokawa R. Linear-Zero Mode Waveguides for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Observation of Nucleotides in Kinesin-Microtubule Motility Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2430:121-131. [PMID: 35476329 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1983-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy is a key tool to investigate the chemo-mechanical coupling of microtubule-associated motor proteins, such as kinesin. However, a major limitation of the implementation of single-molecule observation is the concentration of fluorescently labeled molecules. For example, in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, the available concentration is of the order of 10 nM. This concentration is much lower than the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in vivo, hindering the single-molecule observation of fluorescently labeled ATP hydrolyzed by motor proteins under the physiologically relevant conditions. Here, we provide a method for the use of single-molecule fluorescence microscopy in the presence of ~500 nM of fluorescently labeled ATP. To achieve this, a device equipped with nano-slits is used to confine excitation light into its slits as an expansion of zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs). Conventional ZMWs equip apertures with a diameter smaller than the wavelength of light to suppress background noise from the labeled molecules diffusing outside of the apertures. While they are not compatible with filamentous objects, our linear-ZMWs enable the usage of filamentous objects, such as microtubules. An experiment using linear-ZMWs demonstrated the successful exploration of the interaction between kinesin and ATP using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Iino
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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18
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Zhou H, Kaneko T, Isozaki N, Yokokawa R. Design of Mechanical and Electrical Properties for Multidirectional Control of Microtubules. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2430:105-119. [PMID: 35476328 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1983-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-motor systems show promise as nanoscale actuator platforms for performing molecular manipulations in nanobiotechnology and micro total analysis systems. These systems have been demonstrated to exert a variety of functions, including the concentration, transportation, and detection of molecular cargos. Although gliding direction control of MTs is necessary for these applications, most direction control methods are currently conducted using micro/nanofabricated guiding structures and/or flow, magnetic, and electric field forces. These control methods force all MTs to exhibit identical gliding behaviors and destinations. In this chapter, we describe an active multidirectional control method for MT without guiding tracks. The bottom-up molecular design allowed MTs to be guided in designated directions under an electric field in a microfluidic device. By designing the stiffness and surface charge density of MTs, three types of MT (Stiff-MT, Soft-MT, and Charged soft-MT) with different mechanical and electrical properties are prepared. The gliding directions within an electric field are predicted according to the measured stiffness and electrophoretic mobility. Finally, the Stiff-MTs are separated from Soft-MTs and Charged soft-MTs with a microfluidic sorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Naoto Isozaki
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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19
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Zhou H, Isozaki N, Fujimoto K, Yokokawa R. Growth rate-dependent flexural rigidity of microtubules influences pattern formation in collective motion. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:218. [PMID: 34281555 PMCID: PMC8287809 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic tubular cytoskeleton filaments that are essential for cellular morphology and intracellular transport. In vivo, the flexural rigidity of MTs can be dynamically regulated depending on their intracellular function. In the in vitro reconstructed MT-motor system, flexural rigidity affects MT gliding behaviors and trajectories. Despite the importance of flexural rigidity for both biological functions and in vitro applications, there is no clear interpretation of the regulation of MT flexural rigidity, and the results of many studies are contradictory. These discrepancies impede our understanding of the regulation of MT flexural rigidity, thereby challenging its precise manipulation. Results Here, plausible explanations for these discrepancies are provided and a new method to evaluate the MT rigidity is developed. Moreover, a new relationship of the dynamic and mechanic of MTs is revealed that MT flexural rigidity decreases through three phases with the growth rate increases, which offers a method of designing MT flexural rigidity by regulating its growth rate. To test the validity of this method, the gliding performances of MTs with different flexural rigidities polymerized at different growth rates are examined. The growth rate-dependent flexural rigidity of MTs is experimentally found to influence the pattern formation in collective motion using gliding motility assay, which is further validated using machine learning. Conclusion Our study establishes a robust quantitative method for measurement and design of MT flexural rigidity to study its influences on MT gliding assays, collective motion, and other biological activities in vitro. The new relationship about the growth rate and rigidity of MTs updates current concepts on the dynamics and mechanics of MTs and provides comparable data for investigating the regulation mechanism of MT rigidity in vivo in the future. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00960-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Naoto Isozaki
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.
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20
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Mukomoto R, Nashimoto Y, Terai T, Imaizumi T, Hiramoto K, Ino K, Yokokawa R, Miura T, Shiku H. Oxygen consumption rate of tumour spheroids during necrotic-like core formation. Analyst 2021; 145:6342-6348. [PMID: 32716439 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00979b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the major hallmarks of solid tumours and is associated with the poor prognosis of various cancers. A multicellular aggregate, termed a spheroid, has been used as a tumour model with a necrotic-like core for more than 45 years. Oxygen metabolism in spheroids has been studied using phosphorescence quenching and oxygen-sensitive electrodes. However, these conventional methods require chemical labelling and physical insertion of the electrode into each spheroid, which may be functionally and structurally disruptive. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) can non-invasively analyse oxygen metabolism. Here, we used SECM to investigate whether the changes of the internal structure of spheroids affect the oxygen metabolism. We investigated the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of MCF-7 breast tumour spheroids with and without a necrotic-like core. A numerical simulation was used to describe a method for estimating the OCR of spheroids that settled at the bottom of the conventional culture plates. The OCR per spheroid volume decreased with increasing spheroid radius, indicating the limitation of the oxygen supply to the core of the MCF-7 spheroid. Formation of the necrotic-like core did not affect the oxygen metabolism significantly, implying that the core had minimal contribution to the OCR even before necrosis occurred. OCR analysis using SECM non-invasively monitors the change of oxygen metabolism in tumour spheroids. The approach is promising to evaluate various three-dimensional culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Mukomoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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21
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Subramanian Parimalam S, Abdelmoez MN, Tsuchida A, Sotta N, Tanaka M, Kuromori T, Fujiwara T, Hirai MY, Yokokawa R, Oguchi Y, Shintaku H. Targeted permeabilization of the cell wall and extraction of charged molecules from single cells in intact plant clusters using a focused electric field. Analyst 2021; 146:1604-1611. [PMID: 33624642 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The extraction of cellular contents from plant cells covered with cell walls remains a challenge, as it is physically hindered by the cell wall. We present a new microfluidic approach that leverages an intense pulsed electric field for permeabilizing the cell wall and a focused DC electric field for extracting the cellular contents selectively from a few targeted cells in a cluster of intact plant cells. We coupled the approach with on-chip fluorescence quantification of extracted molecules leveraging isotachophoresis as well as off-chip reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction detecting extracted mRNA molecules. Our approach offers a workflow of about 5 min, isolating a cluster of intact plant cells, permeabilizing the cell wall, selectively extracting cytosolic molecules from a few targeted cells in the cluster, and outputting them to off-chip analyses without any enzymatic reactions. We anticipate that this approach will create a new opportunity to explore plant biology through less biased data realized by the rapid extraction of molecules from intact plant clusters.
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22
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Kopec AK, Yokokawa R, Khan N, Horii I, Finley JE, Bono CP, Donovan C, Roy J, Harney J, Burdick AD, Jessen B, Lu S, Collinge M, Sadeghian RB, Derzi M, Tomlinson L, Burkhardt JE. Microphysiological systems in early stage drug development: Perspectives on current applications and future impact. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:99-114. [PMID: 33642521 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) are making advances to provide more standardized and predictive physiologically relevant responses to test articles in living tissues and organ systems. The excitement surrounding the potential of MPS to better predict human responses to medicines and improving clinical translation is overshadowed by their relatively slow adoption by the pharmaceutical industry and regulators. Collaboration between multiorganizational consortia and regulators is necessary to build an understanding of the strengths and limitations of MPS models and closing the current gaps. Here, we review some of the advances in MPS research, focusing on liver, intestine, vascular system, kidney and lung and present examples highlighting the context of use for these systems. For MPS to gain a foothold in drug development, they must have added value over existing approaches. Ideally, the application of MPS will augment in vivo studies and reduce the use of animals via tiered screening with less reliance on exploratory toxicology studies to screen compounds. Because MPS support multiple cell types (e.g. primary or stem-cell derived cells) and organ systems, identifying when MPS are more appropriate than simple 2D in vitro models for understanding physiological responses to test articles is necessary. Once identified, MPS models require qualification for that specific context of use and must be reproducible to allow future validation. Ultimately, the challenges of balancing complexity with reproducibility will inform the promise of advancing the MPS field and are critical for realization of the goal to reduce, refine and replace (3Rs) the use of animals in nonclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kopec
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., CT, USA
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Nasir Khan
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., CT, USA
| | - Ikuo Horii
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Japan
| | - James E Finley
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., CT, USA
| | | | - Carol Donovan
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., CT, USA
| | - Jessica Roy
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., CT, USA
| | - Julie Harney
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., CT, USA
| | | | - Bart Jessen
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., CA, USA
| | - Shuyan Lu
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., CA, USA
| | - Mark Collinge
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., CT, USA
| | | | - Mazin Derzi
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., MA, USA
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23
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Farhana TI, Kaneko T, Tojo Y, Yokokawa R. Evaluation of Microtubules Binary Collisions using Nano-Patterned Kinesins. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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24
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Zhou H, Jung W, Ishrat Farhana T, Kim T, Yokokawa R. The Influence of Microtubule Persistence Length on Their Collective Motion. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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Amemiya T, Hata N, Mizoguchi M, Yokokawa R, Kawamura Y, Hatae R, Sangatsuda Y, Kuga D, Fujioka Y, Takigawa K, Akagi Y, Yoshimoto K, Iihara K, Miura T. Mesenchymal glioblastoma-induced mature de-novo vessel formation of vascular endothelial cells in a microfluidic device. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:395-403. [PMID: 33387197 PMCID: PMC7884354 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High vascularization is a biological characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM); however, an in-vitro experimental model to verify the mechanism and physiological role of vasculogenesis in GBM is not well-established. Recently, we established a self-organizing vasculogenic model using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultivated with human lung fibroblasts (hLFs). Here, we exploited this system to establish a realistic model of vasculogenesis in GBM. We developed two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices, a doughnut-hole dish and a 5-lane microfluidic device to observe the contact-independent effects of glioblastoma cells on HUVECs. We tested five patient-derived and five widely used GBM cell lines. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes in Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP)-HUVECs and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran perfusion. The genetic and expression properties of GBM cell lines were analyzed. The doughnut-hole dish assay revealed KNS1451 as the only cells to induce HUVEC transformation to vessel-like structures, similar to hLFs. The 5-lane device assay demonstrated that KNS1451 promoted the formation of a vascular network that was fully perfused, revealing the functioning luminal construction. Microarray analysis revealed that KNS1451 is a mesenchymal subtype of GBM. Using a patient-derived mesenchymal GBM cell line, mature de-novo vessel formation could be induced in HUVECs by contact-independent co-culture with GBM in a microfluidic device. These results support the development of a novel in vitro research model and provide novel insights in the neovasculogenic mechanism of GBM and may potentially facilitate the future detection of unknown molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Amemiya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto city, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kawamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yuhei Sangatsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Kosuke Takigawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yojiro Akagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima city, Japan
| | - Koji Iihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
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26
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Sugihara K, Yamaguchi Y, Usui S, Nashimoto Y, Hanada S, Kiyokawa E, Uemura A, Yokokawa R, Nishiyama K, Miura T. A new perfusion culture method with a self-organized capillary network. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240552. [PMID: 33112918 PMCID: PMC7592787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of perfusion has been one of the most significant obstacles for three-dimensional culture systems of organoids and embryonic tissues. Here, we developed a simple and reliable method to implement a perfusable capillary network in vitro. The method employed the self-organization of endothelial cells to generate a capillary network and a static pressure difference for culture medium circulation, which can be easily introduced to standard biological laboratories and enables long-term cultivation of vascular structures. Using this culture system, we perfused the lumen of the self-organized capillary network and observed a flow-induced vascular remodeling process, cell shape changes, and collective cell migration. We also observed an increase in cell proliferation around the self-organized vasculature induced by flow, indicating functional perfusion of the culture medium. We also reconstructed extravasation of tumor and inflammatory cells, and circulation inside spheroids including endothelial cells and human lung fibroblasts. In conclusion, this system is a promising tool to elucidate the mechanisms of various biological processes related to vascular flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sugihara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yamaguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiori Usui
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sanshiro Hanada
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kiyokawa
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishiyama
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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27
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Kaneko T, Furuta K, Oiwa K, Shintaku H, Kotera H, Yokokawa R. Different motilities of microtubules driven by kinesin-1 and kinesin-14 motors patterned on nanopillars. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax7413. [PMID: 32010782 PMCID: PMC6976292 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax7413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin is a motor protein that plays important roles in a variety of cellular functions. In vivo, multiple kinesin molecules are bound to cargo and work as a team to produce larger forces or higher speeds than a single kinesin. However, the coordination of kinesins remains poorly understood because of the experimental difficulty in controlling the number and arrangement of kinesins, which are considered to affect their coordination. Here, we report that both the number and spacing significantly influence the velocity of microtubules driven by nonprocessive kinesin-14 (Ncd), whereas neither the number nor the spacing changes the velocity in the case of highly processive kinesin-1. This result was realized by the optimum nanopatterning method of kinesins that enables immobilization of a single kinesin on a nanopillar. Our proposed method enables us to study the individual effects of the number and spacing of motors on the collective dynamics of multiple motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taikopaul Kaneko
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Ken’ya Furuta
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Oiwa
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shintaku
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kotera
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
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28
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Abdelmoez MN, Oguchi Y, Ozaki Y, Yokokawa R, Kotera H, Shintaku H. Distinct Kinetics in Electrophoretic Extraction of Cytoplasmic RNA from Single Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1485-1492. [PMID: 31805233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The physical fractionation of cytoplasmic versus nuclear components of cells is a key step for studying the subcellular localization of molecules. The application of an electric field is an emerging method for subcellular fractionation of proteins and nucleic acids from single cells. However, the multibiophysical process that involves electrical lysis of cytoplasmic membranes, electrophoresis, and diffusion of charged molecules remains unclear. Here we study RNA dynamics in single cells during the electrophoretic extraction via a microfluidic system that enables stringent fractionation of the subcellular components leveraging a focused electric field. We identified two distinct kinetics in the extraction of RNA molecules, which were respectively associated with soluble RNA and mitochondrial RNA. We show that the extraction kinetics of soluble RNA is dominated by electrophoresis over diffusion and has a time constant of 0.15 s. Interestingly, the extraction of mitochondrial RNA showed unexpected heterogeneity in the extraction with slower kinetics (3.8 s), while reproducibly resulting in the extraction of 98.9% ± 2% after 40 s. Together, we uncover that the microfluidic system uniquely offers length bias-free fractionation of RNA molecules for quantitative analysis of correlations among subcellular compartments by exploiting the homogeneous electrophoretic properties of RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud N Abdelmoez
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Wako , Saitama , 351-0198 Japan.,Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto , 606-8501 Japan
| | - Yusuke Oguchi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Wako , Saitama , 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yuka Ozaki
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Wako , Saitama , 351-0198 Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto , 606-8501 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kotera
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto , 606-8501 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shintaku
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Wako , Saitama , 351-0198 Japan
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29
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Nashimoto Y, Okada R, Hanada S, Arima Y, Nishiyama K, Miura T, Yokokawa R. Vascularized cancer on a chip: The effect of perfusion on growth and drug delivery of tumor spheroid. Biomaterials 2019; 229:119547. [PMID: 31710953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor vasculature creates a hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo and nourishes cancers, resulting in cancer progression and drug resistance. To mimic the biochemical and biomechanical environments of tumors in vitro, several models integrated with a vascular network have been reported. However, the tumor responses to biochemical and biomechanical stimuli were evaluated under static conditions and failed to incorporate the effects of blood flow to tumors. In this study, we present a tumor-on-a-chip platform that enables the evaluation of tumor activities with intraluminal flow in an engineered tumor vascular network. The fibroblasts in the tumor spheroid induced angiogenic sprouts, which constructed a perfusable vascular network in a tumor spheroid. The perfusability of the engineered vascular network was preserved during the culture. Moreover, perfusion for over 24 h significantly increased the proliferation activities of tumor cells and decreased cell death in the spheroid. Drug administration under perfusion condition did not show the dose-dependent effects of anticancer drugs on tumor activities in contrast to the results under static conditions. Our results demonstrate the importance of flow in a vascular network for the evaluation of tumor activities in a drug screening platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nashimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ryu Okada
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Sanshiro Hanada
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishiyama
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.
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30
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Farhana TI, Nakagawa T, Ohara S, Shintaku H, Kotera H, Yokokawa R. Spatial Patterning of Kinesin-1 and Dynein Motor Proteins in an In Vitro Assay using Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS). Langmuir 2019; 35:13003-13010. [PMID: 31510745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cooperativity of motor proteins is essential for intracellular transport. Although their motion is unidirectional, they often cause bidirectional movement by different types of motors as seen in organelles. However, in vitro assessments of such cellular functions are still inadequate owing to the experimental limitations in precisely patterning multiple motors. Here, we present an approach to immobilize two motor proteins, kinesin-1 and dynein, using the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) made of poly(ethylene glycol) and dextran polymers. The negligible influence of polymer solutions on the attachment and velocity of motor proteins ensures the compatibility of using ATPS as the patterning technique. The selective fixation of kinesin and dynein was assessed using polarity-marked microtubules (PMMTs). Our experimental results show that on a patterned kinesin surface, 72% of PMMTs display minus-end leading motility, while on a dynein surface, 79% of PMMTs display plus-end leading motility. This work offers a universal and biocompatible method to pattern motor proteins of different classes at the nanoscale, providing a new route to study different cellular functions performed by molecular motors such as the formation of mitotic spindles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Ishrat Farhana
- Department of Micro Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakagawa
- Department of Micro Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
| | - Shumpei Ohara
- Department of Micro Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shintaku
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN , 2-1, Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | | | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
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31
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Kaneko T, Ando S, Furuta K, Oiwa K, Shintaku H, Kotera H, Yokokawa R. Transport of microtubules according to the number and spacing of kinesin motors on gold nano-pillars. Nanoscale 2019; 11:9879-9887. [PMID: 30888373 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01324e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Motor proteins function in in vivo ensembles to achieve cargo transport, flagellum motion, and mitotic cell division. Although the cooperativity of multiple motors is indispensable for physiological function, reconstituting the arrangement of motors in vitro is challenging, so detailed analysis of the functions of motor ensembles has not yet been achieved. Here, we developed an assay platform to study the motility of microtubules driven by a defined number of kinesin motors spaced in a definite manner. Gold (Au) nano-pillar arrays were fabricated on a silicon/silicon dioxide (Si/SiO2) substrate with spacings of 100 nm to 500 nm. The thiol-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-biotin self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and silane-PEG-CH3 SAM were then selectively formed on the pillars and SiO2 surface, respectively. This allowed for both immobilization of kinesin molecules on Au nano-pillars in a precise manner and repulsion of kinesins from the SiO2 surface. Using arrayed kinesin motors, we report that motor number and spacing do not influence the motility of microtubules driven by kinesin-1 motors. This assay platform is applicable to all kinds of biotinylated motors, allows the study of the effects of motor number and spacing, and is expected to reveal novel behaviors of motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taikopaul Kaneko
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Suguru Ando
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Ken'ya Furuta
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Oiwa
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shintaku
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Hidetoshi Kotera
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
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32
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Ishrat Farhana T, Kaneko T, Yokokawa R. Investigation of Collisions of Microtubules Driven by Nano-Patterned Kinesins. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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33
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Fujimoto K, Morita Y, Iino R, Tomishige M, Shintaku H, Kotera H, Yokokawa R. Simultaneous Observation of Kinesin-Driven Microtubule Motility and Binding of Adenosine Triphosphate Using Linear Zero-Mode Waveguides. ACS Nano 2018; 12:11975-11985. [PMID: 30418736 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule fluorescence observation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a powerful tool to elucidate the chemomechanical coupling of ATP with a motor protein. However, in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), available ATP concentration is much lower than that in the in vivo environment. To achieve single-molecule observation with a high signal-to-noise ratio, zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) are utilized even at high fluorescent molecule concentrations in the micromolar range. Despite the advantages of ZMWs, the use of cytoskeletal filaments for single-molecule observation has not been reported because of difficulties in immobilization of cytoskeletal filaments in the cylindrical aperture of ZMWs. Here, we propose linear ZMWs (LZMWs) to visualize enzymatic reactions on cytoskeletal filaments, specifically kinesin-driven microtubule motility accompanied by ATP binding/unbinding. Finite element method simulation revealed excitation light confinement in a 100 nm wide slit of LZMWs. Single-molecule observation was then demonstrated with up to 1 μM labeled ATP, which was 10-fold higher than that available in TIRFM. Direct observation of binding/unbinding of ATP to kinesins that propel microtubules enabled us to find that a significant fraction of ATP molecules bound to kinesins were dissociated without hydrolysis. This highlights the advantages of LZMWs for single-molecule observation of proteins that interact with cytoskeletal filaments such as microtubules, actin filaments, or intermediate filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
| | - Yuki Morita
- Department of Micro Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
| | - Ryota Iino
- Institute for Molecular Science , National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Okazaki , Aichi 444-8787 , Japan
| | - Michio Tomishige
- College of Science and Engineering , Aoyama Gakuin University , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shintaku
- Department of Micro Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kotera
- Department of Micro Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
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34
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Subramanian Parimalam S, Oguchi Y, Abdelmoez MN, Tsuchida A, Ozaki Y, Yokokawa R, Kotera H, Shintaku H. Electrical Lysis and RNA Extraction from Single Cells Fixed by Dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate). Anal Chem 2018; 90:12512-12518. [PMID: 30350601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic method for electrical lysis and RNA extraction from single fixed cells leveraging reversible cross-linker dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) (DSP). Our microfluidic system captures a single DSP-fixed cell at a hydrodynamic trap, reverse-cross-links the DSP molecules on a chip with dithiothreitol, lyses the plasma membrane via electrical field, and extracts cytoplasmic RNA with isotachophoresis-aided nucleic acids extraction. All of the on-chip processes complete in less than 5 min. We demonstrated the method using K562 leukemia cells and benchmarked the performance of RNA extraction with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We also demonstrated the integration of our method with single-cell RNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangamithirai Subramanian Parimalam
- Microfluidics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan.,Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8530 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Oguchi
- Microfluidics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Mahmoud N Abdelmoez
- Microfluidics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan.,Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8530 , Japan
| | - Arata Tsuchida
- Microfluidics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan.,Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8530 , Japan
| | - Yuka Ozaki
- Microfluidics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8530 , Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kotera
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8530 , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shintaku
- Microfluidics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
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35
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Sano E, Mori C, Nashimoto Y, Yokokawa R, Kotera H, Torisawa YS. Engineering of vascularized 3D cell constructs to model cellular interactions through a vascular network. Biomicrofluidics 2018; 12:042204. [PMID: 29861815 PMCID: PMC5955719 DOI: 10.1063/1.5027183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Current in vitro 3D culture models lack a vascular system to transport oxygen and nutrients, as well as cells, which is essential to maintain cellular viability and functions. Here, we describe a microfluidic method to generate a perfusable vascular network that can form inside 3D multicellular spheroids and functionally connect to microchannels. Multicellular spheroids containing endothelial cells and lung fibroblasts were embedded within a hydrogel inside a microchannel, and then, endothelial cells were seeded into both sides of the hydrogel so that angiogenic sprouts from the cell spheroids and the microchannels were anastomosed to form a 3D vascular network. Solution containing cells and reagents can be perfused inside the cell spheroids through the vascular network by injecting it into a microchannel. This method can be used to study cancer cell migration towards 3D co-culture spheroids through a vascular network. We recapitulated a bone-like microenvironment by culturing multicellular spheroids containing osteo-differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in the device. After the formation of vascularized spheroids, breast cancer cells were injected into a microchannel connected to a vascular network and cultured for 7 days on-chip to monitor cellular migration. We demonstrated that migration rates of the breast cancer cells towards multicellular spheroids via blood vessels were significantly higher in the bone-like microenvironment compared with the microenvironment formed by undifferentiated MSCs. These findings demonstrate the potential value of the 3D vascularized spheroids-on-a-chip for modeling in vivo-like cellular microenvironments, drug delivery through blood vessels, and cellular interactions through a vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Sano
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Chihiro Mori
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kotera
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Yu-suke Torisawa
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: +81-75-383-3701. Fax: +81-75-383-3681
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36
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Abdelmoez MN, Iida K, Oguchi Y, Nishikii H, Yokokawa R, Kotera H, Uemura S, Santiago JG, Shintaku H. SINC-seq: correlation of transient gene expressions between nucleus and cytoplasm reflects single-cell physiology. Genome Biol 2018; 19:66. [PMID: 29871653 PMCID: PMC5989370 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a microfluidic system that physically separates nuclear RNA (nucRNA) and cytoplasmic RNA (cytRNA) from a single cell and enables single-cell integrated nucRNA and cytRNA-sequencing (SINC-seq). SINC-seq constructs two individual RNA-seq libraries, nucRNA and cytRNA, per cell, quantifies gene expression in the subcellular compartments, and combines them to create novel single-cell RNA-seq data. Leveraging SINC-seq, we discover distinct natures of correlation among cytRNA and nucRNA that reflect the transient physiological state of single cells. These data provide unique insights into the regulatory network of messenger RNA from the nucleus toward the cytoplasm at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud N Abdelmoez
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Microfluidics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Iida
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishikii
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kotera
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sotaro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juan G Santiago
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hirofumi Shintaku
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Microfluidics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan.
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37
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Nashimoto Y, Teraoka Y, Banan Sadeghian R, Nakamasu A, Arima Y, Hanada S, Kotera H, Nishiyama K, Miura T, Yokokawa R. Perfusable Vascular Network with a Tissue Model in a Microfluidic Device. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29683439 DOI: 10.3791/57242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A spheroid (a multicellular aggregate) is regarded as a good model of living tissues in the human body. Despite the significant advancement in the spheroid cultures, a perfusable vascular network in the spheroids remains a critical challenge for long-term culture required to maintain and develop their functions, such as protein expressions and morphogenesis. The protocol presents a novel method to integrate a perfusable vascular network within the spheroid in a microfluidic device. To induce a perfusable vascular network in the spheroid, angiogenic sprouts connected to microchannels were guided to the spheroid by utilizing angiogenic factors from human lung fibroblasts cultured in the spheroid. The angiogenic sprouts reached the spheroid, merged with the endothelial cells co-cultured in the spheroid, and formed a continuous vascular network. The vascular network could perfuse the interior of the spheroid without any leakage. The constructed vascular network may be further used as a route for supply of nutrients and removal of waste products, mimicking blood circulation in vivo. The method provides a new platform in spheroid culture toward better recapitulation of living tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuichiro Arima
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University
| | - Sanshiro Hanada
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University
| | | | - Koichi Nishiyama
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University
| | - Takashi Miura
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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38
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Isozaki N, Shintaku H, Kotera H, Hawkins TL, Ross JL, Yokokawa R. Control of molecular shuttles by designing electrical and mechanical properties of microtubules. Sci Robot 2017; 2:2/10/eaan4882. [PMID: 33157889 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aan4882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin-driven microtubules have been focused on to serve as molecular transporters, called "molecular shuttles," to replace micro/nanoscale molecular manipulations necessitated in micro total analysis systems. Although transport, concentration, and detection of target molecules have been demonstrated, controllability of the transport directions is still a major challenge. Toward broad applications of molecular shuttles by defining multiple moving directions for selective molecular transport, we integrated a bottom-up molecular design of microtubules and a top-down design of a microfluidic device. The surface charge density and stiffness of microtubules were controlled, allowing us to create three different types of microtubules, each with different gliding directions corresponding to their electrical and mechanical properties. The measured curvature of the gliding microtubules enabled us to optimize the size and design of the device for molecular sorting in a top-down approach. The integrated bottom-up and top-down design achieved separation of stiff microtubules from negatively charged, soft microtubules under an electric field. Our method guides multiple microtubules by integrating molecular control and microfluidic device design; it is not only limited to molecular sorters but is also applicable to various molecular shuttles with the high controllability in their movement directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Isozaki
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shintaku
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kotera
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Taviare L Hawkins
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State Street, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ross
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 666 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
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39
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Abstract
Intracellular transport is affected by the filament network in the densely packed cytoplasm. Biophysical studies focusing on intracellular transport based on microtubule-kinesin system frequently use in vitro motility assays, which are performed either on individual microtubules or on random (or simple) microtubule networks. Assembling intricate networks with high flexibility requires the manipulation of 25 nm diameter microtubules individually, which can be achieved through the use of pick-and-place assembly. Although widely used to assemble tiny objects, pick-and-place is not a common practice for the manipulation of biological materials. Using the high-level handling capabilities of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, tweezers are designed and fabricated to pick and place single microtubule filaments. Repeated picking and placing cycles provide a multilayered and multidirectional microtubule network even for different surface topographies. On-demand assembly of microtubules forms crossings at desired angles for biophysical studies as well as complex networks that can be used as nanotransport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cagatay Tarhan
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (UMI2820), The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- CIRMM, IIS, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520-IEMN, 41 Blvd. Vauban, Lille, 59046, France
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, C3-c2S18, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Laurent Jalabert
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (UMI2820), The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Dominique Collard
- LIMMS/CNRS-IIS (UMI2820), The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- CIRMM, IIS, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
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40
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Nashimoto Y, Teraoka Y, Arima Y, Nakamasu A, Torisawa YS, Kotera H, Nishiyama K, Miura T, Yokokawa R. Development of three-dimensional tumor model with a perfusable vasculature using a microfluidic device. Mech Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Kawakami K, Kishino H, Kanazu S, Toshimuzu N, Yokokawa R, Takahashi K, Kohn M, Musey L. ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO 23-VALENT PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE AFTER PRIMARY AND REVACCINATION. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kawakami
- Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Kohn
- Merck and Co. Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - L. Musey
- Merck and Co. Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey
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42
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Miura T, Futai N, Sasaki D, Nashimoto Y, Yokokawa R, Yamamoto K, Koide S. Remodeling in synthetic vascular network - experiment and modeling. Mech Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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43
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Nishiyama K, Arima Y, Fukuhara S, Yamaguchi Y, Uchikawa M, Nashimoto Y, Nakamasu A, Yokokawa R, Miura T. Reconstitutive analyses of impacts of pericytes and blood flow on angiogenic morphogenesis using a microfluidic device. Mech Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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44
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Kawakami K, Kishino H, Kanazu S, Toshimizu N, Yokokawa R, Takahashi K, Kohn M, Musey L. RESPONSES TO 23-VALENT PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE IN ADULTS 70–79 WITH CHRONIC DISEASES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kawakami
- Nagasaski Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Kohn
- Merck and Co. Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey,
| | - L. Musey
- Merck and Co. Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey,
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45
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Abstract
Vasculogenesis is the earliest process in development for spontaneous formation of a primitive capillary network from endothelial progenitor cells. When human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are cultured on Matrigel, they spontaneously form a network structure which is widely used as an in vitro model of vasculogenesis. Previous studies indicated that chemotaxis or gel deformation was involved in spontaneous pattern formation. In our study, we analyzed the mechanism of vascular pattern formation using a different system, meshwork formation by HUVECs embedded in fibrin gels. Unlike the others, this experimental system resulted in a perfusable endothelial network in vitro. We quantitatively observed the dynamics of endothelial cell protrusion and developed a mathematical model for one-dimensional dynamics. We then extended the one-dimensional model to two-dimensions. The model showed that random searching by endothelial cells was sufficient to generate the observed network structure in fibrin gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakajima
- Department of Biomedical Science,Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yamaguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ei
- Department of Mathematics, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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46
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Isozaki N, Shintaku H, Kotera H, Hawkins TL, Ross JL, Yokokawa R. Microtubule Sorting by Persistence Length and Surface Charge Density of Microtubules. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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47
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Nashimoto Y, Hayashi T, Kunita I, Nakamasu A, Torisawa YS, Nakayama M, Takigawa-Imamura H, Kotera H, Nishiyama K, Miura T, Yokokawa R. Integrating perfusable vascular networks with a three-dimensional tissue in a microfluidic device. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:506-518. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Creating vascular networks in tissues is crucial for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nashimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8540
- Japan
| | - Tomoya Hayashi
- Department of Micro Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8540
- Japan
| | - Itsuki Kunita
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto 860-8556
- Japan
| | - Akiko Nakamasu
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
| | - Yu-suke Torisawa
- Department of Micro Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8540
- Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research
| | | | | | - Hidetoshi Kotera
- Department of Micro Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8540
- Japan
| | - Koichi Nishiyama
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto 860-8556
- Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 812-8582
- Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8540
- Japan
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48
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Miura T, Yokokawa R. Tissue culture on a chip: Developmental biology applications of self-organized capillary networks in microfluidic devices. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:505-15. [PMID: 27272910 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Organ culture systems are used to elucidate the mechanisms of pattern formation in developmental biology. Various organ culture techniques have been used, but the lack of microcirculation in such cultures impedes the long-term maintenance of larger tissues. Recent advances in microfluidic devices now enable us to utilize self-organized perfusable capillary networks in organ cultures. In this review, we will overview past approaches to organ culture and current technical advances in microfluidic devices, and discuss possible applications of microfluidics towards the study of developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-0054, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
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49
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Subramaniyan Parimalam S, Tarhan MC, Karsten SL, Fujita H, Shintaku H, Kotera H, Yokokawa R. On-chip microtubule gliding assay for parallel measurement of tau protein species. Lab Chip 2016; 16:1691-1697. [PMID: 27056640 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01486g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tau protein is a well-established biomarker for a group of neurodegenerative diseases collectively called tauopathies. So far, clinically relevant detection of tau species in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cannot be achieved without immunological methods. Recently, it was shown that different tau isoforms including the ones carrying various types of mutations affect microtubule (MT)-kinesin binding and velocity in an isoform specific manner. Here, based on these observations, we developed a microfluidic device to analyze tau mutations, isoforms and their ratios. The assay device consists of three regions: a MT reservoir which captures MTs from a solution to a kinesin-coated surface, a microchannel which guides gliding MTs, and an arrowhead-shaped collector which concentrates MTs. Tau-bound fluorescently labeled MTs (tau-MTs) were assayed, and the increase in fluorescence intensity (FI) corresponding to the total number of MTs accumulated was measured at the collector. We show that our device is capable of differentiating 3R and 4R tau isoform ratios and effects of point mutations within 5 minutes. Furthermore, radially oriented collector regions enable simultaneous FI measurements for six independent assays. Performing parallel assays in the proposed device with minimal image processing provides a cost-efficient, easy-to-use and fast tau detection platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet C Tarhan
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems (LIMMS), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan and Center for International Research on Micronano Mechatronics (CIRMM), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stanislav L Karsten
- Center for International Research on Micronano Mechatronics (CIRMM), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Japan and NeuroInDx Inc., Signal Hill, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- Center for International Research on Micronano Mechatronics (CIRMM), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Kotera
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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50
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Isozaki N, Erickson S, Hirofumi S, Kotera H, Hawkins TL, Ross JL, Yokokawa R. Controlling Gliding Trajectories of Microtubules by Altering Microtubule Flexural Rigidity. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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