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Stanway RR, Bushell E, Chiappino-Pepe A, Roques M, Sanderson T, Franke-Fayard B, Caldelari R, Golomingi M, Nyonda M, Pandey V, Schwach F, Chevalley S, Ramesar J, Metcalf T, Herd C, Burda PC, Rayner JC, Soldati-Favre D, Janse CJ, Hatzimanikatis V, Billker O, Heussler VT. Genome-Scale Identification of Essential Metabolic Processes for Targeting the Plasmodium Liver Stage. Cell 2020; 179:1112-1128.e26. [PMID: 31730853 PMCID: PMC6904910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium gene functions in mosquito and liver stages remain poorly characterized due to limitations in the throughput of phenotyping at these stages. To fill this gap, we followed more than 1,300 barcoded P. berghei mutants through the life cycle. We discover 461 genes required for efficient parasite transmission to mosquitoes through the liver stage and back into the bloodstream of mice. We analyze the screen in the context of genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data by building a thermodynamic model of P. berghei liver-stage metabolism, which shows a major reprogramming of parasite metabolism to achieve rapid growth in the liver. We identify seven metabolic subsystems that become essential at the liver stages compared with asexual blood stages: type II fatty acid synthesis and elongation (FAE), tricarboxylic acid, amino sugar, heme, lipoate, and shikimate metabolism. Selected predictions from the model are individually validated in single mutants to provide future targets for drug development. 1,342 barcoded P. berghei knockout (KO) mutants analyzed for stage-specific phenotypes Life-stage-specific metabolic models reveal reprogramming of cellular function High agreement between blood/liver stage metabolic models and genetic screening data Essential metabolic pathways for parasite development and mechanistic origin revealed
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Stanway
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Bushell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Anush Chiappino-Pepe
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biotechnology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Magali Roques
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Theo Sanderson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Blandine Franke-Fayard
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Reto Caldelari
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | | | - Mary Nyonda
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Vikash Pandey
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biotechnology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland; Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Frank Schwach
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Séverine Chevalley
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Ramesar
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Metcalf
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Colin Herd
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Paul-Christian Burda
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland; Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg 20359, Germany
| | - Julian C Rayner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2, 0XY, UK
| | - Dominique Soldati-Favre
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Chris J Janse
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Vassily Hatzimanikatis
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biotechnology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Billker
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden.
| | - Volker T Heussler
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
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Sedghi N, Kleinlogel S, Chevalley S, Jouvenet V, Fonmartin K, Gonzalez M. Étude sur la santé des soignants en gériatrie : à la recherche de solutions différentes. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bouquet J, Rivaud M, Chevalley S, Deharo E, Jullian V, Valentin A. Biological activities of nitidine, a potential anti-malarial lead compound. Malar J 2012; 11:67. [PMID: 22404785 PMCID: PMC3325168 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitidine is thought to be the main active ingredient in several traditional anti-malarial remedies used in different parts of the world. The widespread use of these therapies stresses the importance of studying this molecule in the context of malaria control. However, little is known about its potential as an anti-plasmodial drug, as well as its mechanism of action. METHODS In this study, the anti-malarial potential of nitidine was evaluated in vitro on CQ-sensitive and -resistant strains. The nitidine's selectivity index compared with cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines was then determined. In vivo assays were then performed, using the four-day Peter's test methodology. To gain information about nitidine's possible mode of action, its moment of action on the parasite cell cycle was studied, and its localization inside the parasite was determined using confocal microscopy. The in vitro abilities of nitidine to bind haem and to inhibit β-haematin formation were also demonstrated. RESULTS Nitidine showed similar in vitro activity in CQ-sensitive and resistant strains, and also a satisfying selectivity index (> 10) when compared with a non-cancerous cells line. Its in vivo activity was moderate; however, no sign of acute toxicity was observed during treatment. Nitidine's moment of action on the parasite cycle showed that it could not interfere with DNA replication; this was consistent with the observation that nitidine did not localize in the nucleus, but rather in the cytoplasm of the parasite. Nitidine was able to form a 1-1 complex with haem in vitro and also inhibited β-haematin formation with the same potency as chloroquine. CONCLUSION Nitidine can be considered a potential anti-malarial lead compound. Its ability to complex haem and inhibit β-haematin formation suggests a mechanism of action similar to that of chloroquine. The anti-malarial activity of nitidine could therefore be improved by structural modification of this molecule to increase its penetration of the digestive vacuole in the parasite, where haemoglobin metabolization takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérome Bouquet
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 152 (Laboratoire Pharmadev), Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des maraîchers, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
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Abstract
We describe simple and sensitive in vitro and in vivo assays to analyze Plasmodium liver stage development using transgenic P. berghei parasites (PbGFP-Luccon), which express the bioluminescent reporter protein, luciferase. In these assays, parasite development in hepatocytes is visualized and quantified by real-time bioluminescence imaging both in culture and in live mice. We also describe quantification of in vitro liver-stage development by measuring luminescence using a microplate reader. Reporter-parasite based quantification of liver-stage development is faster and correlates very well with established quantitative RT-PCR methods currently used to assess parasite development inside hepatocytes, both in live mice and in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Annoura
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mani L, Petek S, Valentin A, Chevalley S, Folcher E, Aalbersberg W, Debitus C. The in vivo anti-plasmodial activity of haliclonacyclamine A, an alkaloid from the marine sponge, Haliclona sp. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:1923-30. [PMID: 21895455 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.547858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The compound haliclonacyclamine A was isolated from the Haliclona sponge at Solomon Islands. It acts as a powerful in vitro and in vivo anti-plasmodial agent against the chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain FCB1and Plasmodium vinckei petteri-infected mice, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mani
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, UMR152, IRD-Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Souard F, Okombi S, Beney C, Chevalley S, Valentin A, Boumendjel A. 1-Azaaurones derived from the naturally occurring aurones as potential antimalarial drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5724-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Acebey L, Jullian V, Sereno D, Chevalley S, Estevez Y, Moulis C, Beck S, Valentin A, Gimenez A, Sauvain M. Anti-leishmanial lindenane sesquiterpenes from Hedyosmum angustifolium. Planta Med 2010; 76:365-368. [PMID: 19830657 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1186192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is the isolation of anti-leishmanial compounds from the ethyl acetate extracts of the bark of HEDYOSMUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM. We have successfully isolated and characterized five sesquiterpenes: one new compound (oxyonoseriolide, 1), one compound isolated for the first time from a natural source (hedyosmone, 2), and three known sesquiterpenes (onoseriolide, 3; chloranthalactone A, 4; and spathulenol, 5) that had not been previously isolated from H. ANGUSTIFOLIUM. The biological activities of 1- 5 showed that onoseriolide ( 3) was the most active compound against axenic amastigotes from LEISHMANIA AMAZONENSIS and L. INFANTUM. Moreover, it was still active on the intramacrophagic amastigotes of L. INFANTUM. The isolated compounds have also been tested on PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM and against various mammalian cell lines.
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Chevalley S, Coste A, Lopez A, Pipy B, Valentin A. Flow cytometry for the evaluation of anti-plasmodial activity of drugs on Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. Malar J 2010; 9:49. [PMID: 20149239 PMCID: PMC2830217 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The activity of promising anti-malarial drugs against Plasmodium gametocytes is hard to evaluate even in vitro. This is because visual examination of stained smears, which is commonly used, is not totally convenient. In the current study, flow cytometry has been used to study the effect of established anti-malarial drugs against sexual stages obtained from W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Gametocytes were treated for 48 h with different drug concentrations and the gametocytaemia was then determined by flow cytometry and compared with visual estimation by microscopy. Results and conclusions Initially gametocytaemia was evaluated either using light microscopy or flow cytometry. A direct correlation (r2 = 0.9986) was obtained. Two distinct peaks were observed on cytometry histograms and were attributed to gametocyte populations. The activities of established anti-malarial compounds were then measured by flow cytometry and the results were equivalent to those obtained using light microscopy. Primaquine and artemisinin had IC50 of 17.6 μM and 1.0 μM, respectively. Gametocyte sex was apparently distinguishable by flow cytometry as evaluated after induction of exflagellation by xanthurenic acid. These data form the basis of further studies for developing new methods in drug discovery to decrease malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Chevalley
- Université de Toulouse-3, LPSNPR (Laboratoire Pharmacochimie des Substances Naturelles et Pharmacophores Redox), Toulouse, France
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Houël E, Bertani S, Bourdy G, Deharo E, Jullian V, Valentin A, Chevalley S, Stien D. Quassinoid constituents of Quassia amara L. leaf herbal tea. Impact on its antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 126:114-118. [PMID: 19665539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Our objective was to assess whether it could be contemplated to recommend Quassia amara young leaf tea for treatment against malaria, and if yes, set up a standard protocol for preparing the herbal tea. MATERIALS AND METHODS The leaf tea was extracted with methylene chloride and the organic extract was fractionated with HPLC. Pure compounds were characterized and their in vitro cytotoxicity and antiplasmodial activity was determined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We discovered that antimalarial Quassia amara young leaf tea contains several quassinoids: simalikalactone D (SkD, 1), picrasin B (2), picrasin H (3), neoquassin (4), quassin (5), picrasin I (6) and picrasin J (7). These last two compounds are new. In addition, our experiments demonstrate that both biological activity and cytotoxicity of the remedy may be attributed solely to the presence of SkD. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this preparation should not be recommended for treatment of malaria until a clinical study in humans is performed with SkD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Houël
- CNRS, UMR Ecofog, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Cayenne, France
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Maether MP, Desoubzdanne D, Izquierdo A, Guieu V, Maturano M, André-Barrès C, Valentin A, Jullian V, Chevalley S, Maynadier M, Vial H, Payrastre C. Synthesis and Antimalarial Properties of Streptocyanine Dyes. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1327-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zelefack F, Guilet D, Fabre N, Bayet C, Chevalley S, Ngouela S, Lenta BN, Valentin A, Tsamo E, Dijoux-Franca MG. Cytotoxic and antiplasmodial xanthones from Pentadesma butyracea. J Nat Prod 2009; 72:954-957. [PMID: 19296616 DOI: 10.1021/np8005953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Four new xanthones, butyraxanthones A-D (1-4), were isolated from the stem bark of Pentadesma butyracea, together with six known xanthones (5-10) and a triterpenoid (lupeol). The structures of 1-4 were established by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-10 were tested in vitro for antiplasmodial activity against a Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant strain and for cytotoxicity against a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Nearly all of these xanthones exhibited good antiplasmodial activity, and some of them also demonstrated potent cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Zelefack
- UMR 5557 CNRS, Département de Pharmacognosie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lyon, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Sall C, Yapi AD, Desbois N, Chevalley S, Chezal JM, Tan K, Teulade JC, Valentin A, Blache Y. Design, synthesis, and biological activities of conformationally restricted analogs of primaquine with a 1,10-phenanthroline framework. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4666-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Desoubzdanne D, Marcourt L, Raux R, Chevalley S, Dorin D, Doerig C, Valentin A, Ausseil F, Debitus C. Alisiaquinones and alisiaquinol, dual inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum enzyme targets from a New Caledonian deep water sponge. J Nat Prod 2008; 71:1189-1192. [PMID: 18512987 DOI: 10.1021/np8000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Four new meroterpenes, alisiaquinones A-C (1-3) and alisiaquinol (4), were isolated from a New Caledonian deep water sponge. Their structures and relative stereochemistry were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. They are related to xestoquinone, but showed unusual substitution on a tetrahydrofuran junction. They displayed micromolar range activity on two enzymatic targets of importance for the control of malaria, the plasmodial kinase Pfnek-1 and a protein farnesyl transferase, as well as on different chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Alisiaquinone C displayed a submicromolar activity on P. falciparum and a competitive selectivity index on the different plasmodial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Desoubzdanne
- UMS Pierre Fabre-CNRS 2587 and 2646, Institut de Sciences et Technologies du Médicament de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
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Ribaut C, Berry A, Chevalley S, Reybier K, Morlais I, Parzy D, Nepveu F, Benoit-Vical F, Valentin A. Concentration and purification by magnetic separation of the erythrocytic stages of all human Plasmodium species. Malar J 2008; 7:45. [PMID: 18321384 PMCID: PMC2292734 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-7-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parasite concentration methods facilitate molecular, biochemical and immunological research on the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium. In this paper, an adaptation of magnetic MACS® columns for the purification of human Plasmodium species is presented. This method was useful for the concentration/purification of either schizonts or gametocytes. Results and conclusions The magnetic removal of non-parasitized red blood cells (in vivo and in vitro) using magnetic columns (MACS) was evaluated. This easy-to-use technique enriched schizonts and gametocytes from Plasmodium falciparum in vitro cultures with a very high degree of purity. In addition, all haemozoin-containing stages (schizonts and/or gametocytes) from the peripheral blood of infected patients could be concentrated using this method. This method is particularly useful for the concentration of non-falciparum species, which do not grow in culture and are otherwise difficult to obtain in large amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Ribaut
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire Pharmacochimie des Substances Naturelles et Pharmacophores Redox, UMR 152 IRD-Université, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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Portet B, Fabre N, Roumy V, Gornitzka H, Bourdy G, Chevalley S, Sauvain M, Valentin A, Moulis C. Activity-guided isolation of antiplasmodial dihydrochalcones and flavanones from Piper hostmannianum var. berbicense. Phytochemistry 2007; 68:1312-20. [PMID: 17397884 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The bioassay-guided purification of an n-hexane extract from the leaves of Piper hostmannianum var. berbicense led to the isolation of four monoterpene or prenyl-substituted dihydrochalcones (1a, 1b, 2, 3) as well as the known compounds 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone (4), linderatone (5), strobopinin (6), adunctin E (7) and (-)-methyllinderatin (8). Their structures were established on the basis of NMR and X-ray analysis. (-)-Methyllinderatin, linderatone and 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone exhibited the most potent antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 5.64, 10.33 and 12.69 microM, respectively against both chloroquine-sensitive and resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (F32,FcB1). The activity of (-)-methyllinderatin was confirmed in vivo against Plasmodium vinckei petteri in mice (80% of reduction of parasitemia) at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Portet
- UMR 152, IRD - Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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Chevalley S. [Being a nurse, becoming a politician, why?]. Krankenpfl Soins Infirm 1983:39-40. [PMID: 6300529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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