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Batsis JA, Shirazi D, Petersen CL, Roderka MN, Lynch D, Jimenez D, Cook SB. Changes in Body Composition in Older Adults after a Technology-Based Weight Loss Intervention. J Frailty Aging 2022; 11:151-155. [PMID: 35441191 PMCID: PMC8876072 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2022.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a post-hoc analysis of a pre/post, single-arm, non-randomized, multicomponent weight loss intervention in older adults. Fifty-three older adults aged ≥65 with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 were recruited to participate in a six-month, remote monitoring and video-conferencing delivered, prescriptive intervention consisting of individual and group-led registered dietitian nutrition and physical therapy sessions. We assessed weight, height, and body composition using a SECA 514 bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Mean age was 72.9±3.9 years (70% female) and all had ≥2 chronic conditions. Of those with complete data (n=30), we observed a 4.6±3.5kg loss in weight, 6.1±14.3kg (1.9%) loss in fat mass, and 0.78±1.69L loss in visceral fat (all p<0.05). Fat-free mass (-3.4kg±6.8, p=0.19), appendicular lean mass (-0.25±1.83, p=0.22), and grip strength (+3.46±7.89, p=0.56) did not significantly change. These variables were preserved after stratifying by 5% weight loss. Our intervention led to significant body and visceral fat loss while maintaining fat-free and appendicular lean muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5017 Old Clinic Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - D. Shirazi
- California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California USA
| | - C. L. Petersen
- Geisel School of Medicine, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy, Hanover, New Hampshire USA
| | | | - D. Lynch
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5017 Old Clinic Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - D. Jimenez
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida USA
| | - S. B. Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire USA
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Crow RS, Petersen CL, Cook SB, Stevens CJ, Titus AJ, Mackenzie TA, Batsis JA. Reported Weight Change in Older Adults and Presence of Frailty. J Frailty Aging 2020; 9:74-81. [PMID: 32259180 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2019.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A 5% change in weight is a significant predictor for frailty and obesity. We ascertained how self-reported weight change over the lifespan impacts rates of frailty in older adults. METHODS We identified 4,984 subjects ≥60 years with body composition measures from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. An adapted version of Fried's frailty criteria was used as the primary outcome. Self-reported weight was assessed at time current,1 and 10 years earlier and at age 25. Weight changes between each time point were categorized as ≥ 5%, ≤5% or neutral. Logistic regression assessed the impact of weight change on the outcome of frailty. RESULTS Among 4,984 participants, 56.5% were female, mean age was 71.1 years, and mean BMI was 28.2kg/m2. A weight loss of ≥ 5% had a higher association with frailty compared to current weight, age 25 (OR 2.94 [1.72,5.02]), 10 years ago (OR 1.68 [1.05,2.69]), and 1 year ago (OR 1.55 [1.02,2.36]). Weight gain in the last year was associated with increased rate of frailty (1.59 [1.09,2.32]). CONCLUSION There is an association between frailty and reported weight loss over time while only weight gain in the last year has an association with frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Crow
- Rebecca Crow DO, Section of General Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, Telephone: (603) 653-9500, Facsimile: (603) 650-0915, E-mail:
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Perkin JS, Gibbs WK, Ridgway JL, Cook SB. Riverscape correlates for distribution of threatened spotfin chub Erimonax monachus in the Tennessee River Basin, USA. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Crow RS, Lohman MC, Titus AJ, Cook SB, Bruce ML, Mackenzie TA, Bartels SJ, Batsis JA. Association of Obesity and Frailty in Older Adults: NHANES 1999-2004. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:138-144. [PMID: 30697622 PMCID: PMC6371801 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Body composition changes with aging can increase rates of obesity, frailty and impact function. Measuring adiposity using body fat (%BF) or central adiposity using waist circumference (WC) have greater diagnostic accuracy than traditional measures such as body mass index (BMI). DESIGN This is an observational study. SETTING This study focused on older community-dwelling participants. PARTICIPANTS We identified individuals age ≥ 60 years old using the 1999-2004 cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES). INTERVENTION The primary analysis evaluated the association between frailty and %BF or WC. Frailty was the primary predictor (robust=referent) and %BF and WC were considered continuous outcomes. Multiple imputation analyses accounted for missing characteristics. MEASUREMENT Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess %BF and WC was objectively measured. Frailty was defined using an adapted version of Fried's criteria that was self-reported: (low BMI<18.5kg/m2; slow walking speed [<0.8m/s]; weakness [unable to lift 10lbs]; exhaustion [difficulty walking between rooms on same floor] and low physical activity [compared to others]). Robust, pre-frail and frail persons met zero, 1 or 2, and ≥3 criteria, respectively. RESULTS Of the 4,984 participants, the mean age was 71.1±0.2 (SE) years and 56.5% were females. We classified 2,246 (50.4%), 2,195 (40.3%), and 541 (9.2%) individuals as robust, pre-frail and frail, respectively. Percent BF was 35.9±0.13, 38.3±0.20 and 40.0±0.46 in the robust, pre-frail and frail individuals, respectively. WC was 99.5±0.32 in the robust, 100.1±0.43 in pre-frail, 104.7±1.17 in frail individuals. Compared to robust individuals, only frail individuals had greater %BF on average (β=0.97±0.43,p=0.03); however, pre-frail and frail individuals had 2.18 and 4.80 greater WC, respectively (β=2.18±0.64,p=0.002, and β=4.80±1.1,p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that in older adults, frailty and pre-frailty are associated with a greater likelihood of high WC (as dichotomized) and a greater average WC (continuous).
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Crow
- Rebecca Crow, DO, Section of General Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, Telephone: (603) 653-9500, Facsimile: (603) 650-0915, E-mail:
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Batsis JA, Boateng GG, Seo LM, Petersen CL, Fortuna KL, Wechsler EV, Peterson RJ, Cook SB, Pidgeon D, Dokko RS, Halter RJ, Kotz DF. Development and Usability Assessment of a Connected Resistance Exercise Band Application for Strength-Monitoring. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 2019; 13:340-348. [PMID: 31205628 PMCID: PMC6570823 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resistance exercise bands are a core component of any physical activity strengthening program. Strength training can mitigate the development of sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass or strength and function with aging. Yet, the adherence of such behavioral exercise strategies in a home-based setting are fraught with issues of monitoring and compliance. Our group developed a Bluetooth-enabled resistance exercise band capable of transmitting data to an open-source platform. In this work, we developed an application to capture this information in real-time, and conducted three usability studies in two mixed-aged groups of participants (n=6 each) and a group of older adults with obesity participating in a weight-loss intervention (n=20). The system was favorable, acceptable and provided iterative information that could assist in future deployment on ubiquitous platforms. Our formative work provides the foundation to deliver home-based monitoring interventions in a high-risk, older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Batsis
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH, 03756 USA
| | - G G Boateng
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. He is now with the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L M Seo
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - C L Petersen
- Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH, 03756 USA
| | - K L Fortuna
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock and the Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756 USA
| | - E V Wechsler
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | | | - S B Cook
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - D Pidgeon
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, NH, 03756 USA
| | - R S Dokko
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - R J Halter
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - D F Kotz
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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Batsis JA, Boateng GG, Seo LM, Petersen CL, Fortuna KL, Wechsler EV, Peterson RJ, Cook SB, Pidgeon D, Dokko RS, Halter RJ, Kotz DF. Development and Usability Assessment of a Connected Resistance Exercise Band Application for Strength-Monitoring. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 2019; 13:340-348. [PMID: 31205628 PMCID: PMC6570823 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Resistance exercise bands are a core component of any physical activity strengthening program. Strength training can mitigate the development of sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass or strength and function with aging. Yet, the adherence of such behavioral exercise strategies in a home-based setting are fraught with issues of monitoring and compliance. Our group developed a Bluetooth-enabled resistance exercise band capable of transmitting data to an open-source platform. In this work, we developed an application to capture this information in real-time, and conducted three usability studies in two mixed-aged groups of participants (n=6 each) and a group of older adults with obesity participating in a weight-loss intervention (n=20). The system was favorable, acceptable and provided iterative information that could assist in future deployment on ubiquitous platforms. Our formative work provides the foundation to deliver home-based monitoring interventions in a high-risk, older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Batsis
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, and The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH, 03756 USA
| | - G G Boateng
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. He is now with the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L M Seo
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - C L Petersen
- Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH, 03756 USA
| | - K L Fortuna
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock and the Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, 03756 USA
| | - E V Wechsler
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | | | - S B Cook
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - D Pidgeon
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, NH, 03756 USA
| | - R S Dokko
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - R J Halter
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - D F Kotz
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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Labarbera KE, Murphy BG, Laroche DP, Cook SB. Sex differences in blood flow restricted isotonic knee extensions to fatigue. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2013; 53:444-452. [PMID: 23828293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM It has been shown that females have greater muscular endurance than males and that this advantage is eliminated when blood flow is restricted. It is unknown if sex differences in dynamic endurance exist during low-load blood flow restricted (BFR) resistance exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in quadriceps femoris fatigability during isotonic knee extension exercise coupled with a blood flow restriction. METHODS Ten males and ten females completed three sets of low-load isotonic knee extension exercises (20% of peak torque) to volitional failure under two conditions: blood flow restricted (BFR) and non-restricted free flow (FF). The number of repetitions, exercise volume, post-exercise strength loss and surface electromyography (EMG) were measured. RESULTS Females performed more repetitions than males in the FF (252±37 vs. 112±17 repetitions; P<0.01) and BFR conditions (165±29 vs. 79±8 repetitions; P<0.01). Both sexes performed ~30% fewer repetitions during the BFR condition. MVC torque decreased approximately 37% following both conditions (P<0.01) and EMG activity increased (P<0.05) during the exercise bouts. CONCLUSION Similar fatigue characteristics were evident in FF and BFR conditions for both sexes, and females demonstrated greater endurance, as determined by the number of repetitions completed, in both conditions. It may be beneficial to increase the relative exercise load for females in order to decrease the time under BFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Labarbera
- Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA -
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McFee AF, Cook SB, Abbott MG. Negative dose-response relationship for radiation-induced micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes of mice. Environ Mol Mutagen 1994; 23:128-131. [PMID: 8143700 DOI: 10.1002/em.2850230209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei were assessed among the bone marrow PCEs of mice 28 hr after exposures to 1 to 8 Gy of X-rays and at 6-hr intervals from 12-60 hr after exposures to 2 or 6 Gy. At 28 hr, the frequency of micronuclei declined as the exposure level increased from 1 to 8 Gy. The peak proportion of micronucleated PCEs appeared much later following 6 Gy than after 2 Gy exposures, implicating cell cycle delay as the cause of the negative dose-response relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F McFee
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Medical Sciences Division, TN 37831-0117
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Chari RV, Martell BA, Gross JL, Cook SB, Shah SA, Blättler WA, McKenzie SJ, Goldmacher VS. Immunoconjugates containing novel maytansinoids: promising anticancer drugs. Cancer Res 1992; 52:127-31. [PMID: 1727373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The potential of immunoconjugates of cytotoxic drugs for the treatment of cancer has not yet been realized owing to the difficulty of delivering therapeutic concentrations of these drugs to the target cells. In an effort to overcome this problem we have synthesized maytansinoids that have 100- to 1000-fold higher cytotoxic potency than clinically used anticancer drugs. These maytansinoids are linked to antibodies via disulfide bonds, which ensures the release of fully active drug inside the cells. The conjugates show high antigen-specific cytotoxicity for cultured human cancer cells (50% inhibiting concentration, 10 to 40 pM), low systemic toxicity in mice, and good pharmacokinetic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Chari
- ImmunoGen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Reimann KA, Goldmacher VS, Lambert JM, Chalifoux LV, Cook SB, Schlossman SF, Letvin NL. In vivo administration of lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies in nonhuman primates. IV. Cytotoxic effect of an anti-T11-gelonin immunotoxin. J Clin Invest 1988; 82:129-38. [PMID: 2899092 PMCID: PMC303486 DOI: 10.1172/jci113560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic effect of a lymphocyte-specific immunotoxin formed by disulfide conjugation of an anti-T11 monoclonal antibody with the ribosome-inactivating protein gelonin was assessed in vitro on peripheral blood T cells and in vivo on splenic and lymph node T cells of macaque monkeys. This immunotoxin was cytotoxic to proliferating peripheral blood T cells in vitro as measured by both direct and indirect assays. Two sequential intravenous infusions into macaque monkeys achieved plasma concentrations of immunotoxin far in excess of those shown to be cytotoxic for cultured T cells and coated all T cells in lymph nodes and spleen with intact immunotoxin for four days. However, the cytotoxic effect of the immunotoxin on T cells in vivo was considerably less than that predicted by the in vitro studies. Further experiments suggested that the state of activation of the targeted T cell population in vivo, or the appearance of anti-immunotoxin antibodies, which occurred in all infused monkeys, might attenuate immunotoxin-mediated cell killing in vivo. These studies illustrate the significant differences between the action of immunotoxin conjugates in vitro, and those seen when these conjugates are utilized as therapeutic agents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Reimann
- Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772
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