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van Nijnatten TJA, Payne NR, Hickman SE, Ashrafian H, Gilbert FJ. Corrigendum to "Overview of trials on artificial intelligence algorithms in breast cancer screening - A roadmap for international evaluation and implementation" [Eur. J. Radiol. 167 (2023) 111087]. Eur J Radiol 2024; 170:111202. [PMID: 37988959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T J A van Nijnatten
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - N R Payne
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S E Hickman
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom
| | - H Ashrafian
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - F J Gilbert
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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van Nijnatten TJA, Payne NR, Hickman SE, Ashrafian H, Gilbert FJ. Overview of trials on artificial intelligence algorithms in breast cancer screening - A roadmap for international evaluation and implementation. Eur J Radiol 2023; 167:111087. [PMID: 37690352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from retrospective studies demonstrate at least non-inferior performance when using AI algorithms with different strategies versus double-reading in mammography screening. In addition, AI algorithms for mammography screening can reduce work load by moving to single human reading. Prospective trials are essential to avoid unintended adverse consequences before incorporation of AI algorithms into UK's National Health Service (NHS) Breast Screening Programme (BSP). A stakeholders' meeting was organized in Newnham College, Cambridge, UK to undertake a review of the current evidence to enable consensus discussion on next steps required before implementation into a screening programme. It was concluded that a multicentre multivendor testing platform study with opt-out consent is preferred. AI thresholds from different vendors should be determined while maintaining non-inferior screening performance results, particularly ensuring recall rates are not increased. Automatic recall of cases using an agreed high sensitivity AI score versus automatic rule out with a low AI score set at a high sensitivity could be used. A human reader should still be involved in decision making with AI-only recalls requiring human arbitration. Standalone AI algorithms used without prompting maintain unbiased screening reading performance, but reading with prompts should be tested prospectively and ideally provided for arbitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J A van Nijnatten
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - N R Payne
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S E Hickman
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom
| | - H Ashrafian
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - F J Gilbert
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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Gilbert FJ, Hickman SE, Baxter GC, Allajbeu I, James J, Caraco C, Vinnicombe S. Opportunities in cancer imaging: risk-adapted breast imaging in screening. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:763-773. [PMID: 33820637 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the UK, women between 50-70 years are invited for 3-yearly mammography screening irrespective of their likelihood of developing breast cancer. The only risk adaption is for women with >30% lifetime risk who are offered annual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography, and annual mammography for some moderate-risk women. Using questionnaires, breast density, and polygenic risk scores, it is possible to stratify the population into the lowest 20% risk, who will develop <4% of cancers and the top 4%, who will develop 18% of cancers. Mammography is a good screening test but has low sensitivity of 60% in the 9% of women with the highest category of breast density (BIRADS D) who have a 2.5- to fourfold breast cancer risk. There is evidence that adding ultrasound to the screening mammogram can increase the cancer detection rate and reduce advanced stage interval and next round cancers. Similarly, alternative tests such as contrast-enhanced mammography (CESM) or abbreviated MRI (ABB-MRI) are much more effective in detecting cancer in women with dense breasts. Scintimammography has been shown to be a viable alternative for dense breasts or for follow-up in those with a personal history of breast cancer and scarring as result of treatment. For supplemental screening to be worthwhile in these women, new technologies need to reduce the number of stage II cancers and be cost effective when tested in large scale trials. This article reviews the evidence for supplemental imaging and examines whether a risk-stratified approach is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Gilbert
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Radiology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - S E Hickman
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - G C Baxter
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - I Allajbeu
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Radiology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - J James
- Nottingham Breast Institute, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Caraco
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Level 5, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - S Vinnicombe
- Thirlestaine Breast Centre, Cheltenham, UK; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, UK
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Hickman SE, Saunderson CED, Wilkinson E, Tayebjee MH. 116Survey to evaluate awareness and current practice of venous thromboembolism prevention following electrophysiological procedures in the United Kingdom. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux283.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
In response to tetra-anionic ATP4-, P2Z receptors signal opening of a non-selective plasma membrane pore which permits passage across cell membranes of ions, nucleotides and other small molecules that are usually membrane impermeant. P2Z receptor-induced pores on murine macrophages, macrophage-like cell lines and human culture-matured macrophages are permeable to molecules of up to 831 Da. The function of P2Z receptors is unknown. Also unknown is whether the binding site for ATP4- and the transmembrane pore, the properties that characterize P2Z receptors, reside on a single protein or reflect the activities of two or more proteins. That ATP(4-) -unresponsive cell lines do not express connexin 43 has led Beyer and Steinberg to suggest that opening or surface expression of this gap junction protein is induced by P2Z receptors. Xenopus oocytes, injected with cRNA transcribed from a pool of 100 cDNA clones isolated from a murine macrophage-derived cDNA library, and treated with ATP4-, express a non-selective membrane conductance characteristic of P2Z receptors. The conductance induced with cRNA is smaller than that induced by mRNA from macrophages, suggesting the presence of a dominant subunit of a multicomponent receptor in this pool of 100 cDNA clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Hickman
- Department of Physiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., USA
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Hickman SE, Tilden VP, Tolle SW. Family reports of dying patients' distress: the adaptation of a research tool to assess global symptom distress in the last week of life. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001; 22:565-74. [PMID: 11516598 DOI: 10.1016/s0885-3924(01)00299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding dying patients' symptom distress is an important component of efforts to improve care at the end of life. It can, however, be problematic to conduct research with dying patients. Family members can serve as sources of information about decedents' last days of life. In order to assess family reports of decedents' global symptom distress in the last week of life, we adapted the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Global Distress Index (MSAS-GDI), a brief measure of patient global symptom distress, for use in a retrospective study of family reports about end-of-life care. It was administered to a sample of 103 family members to assess the psychometric properties of the instrument in bereaved family members. The Family MSAS-GDI consists of questions about 11 psychological and physical symptoms commonly experienced by dying patients. The majority of family members were able to respond to the scale items. The mean Family MSAS-GDI score was 1.14 (SD = 0.87) with a range of 0 to 3.73. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency (alpha = 0.82). The average item-total correlation was r = 0.49 and the average inter-item correlation was r= 0.30, suggesting items were moderately correlated with the overall total scale and with each other. The Family MSAS-GDI could prove to be a useful tool in assessing and tracking global symptom distress in dying patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Hickman
- Center for Ethics in Health Care, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201-3098, USA
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Hickman SE, Howieson DB, Dame A, Sexton G, Kaye J. Longitudinal analysis of the effects of the aging process on neuropsychological test performance in the healthy young-old and oldest-old. Dev Neuropsychol 2001; 17:323-37. [PMID: 11056847 DOI: 10.1207/s15326942dn1703_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A sample of 33 young-old (ages 65 to 74) and 20 oldest-old (ages 84 to 93) healthy elderly without dementia were assessed with neuropsychological tests annually over a 4-year period to examine longitudinal changes in cognitive functioning. Significant age-group differences existed at baseline in participants' performances on tests of immediate memory and visuospatial skills. There were no age-group differences in the rate of change over the 4-year interval on any neuropsychological tests. Within each age-group, the amount of change over time was minimal for most tests though some practice effects were apparent, and on some tests mild decline was observed. Results suggest that healthy old adults, including the oldest-old, do not experience measurable declines in cognitive functioning over a 4-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Hickman
- Mental Health Division, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, OR, USA
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Hickman SE, Tolle SW, Tilden VP. Physicians' and Nurses' Perspectives on Increased Family Reports of Pain in Dying Hospitalized Patients. J Palliat Med 2000; 3:413-8. [PMID: 15859693 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2000.3.4.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many indicators suggest that care of the dying in Oregon has been improving over the past decade. However, results from a recent study suggest that one aspect of care of the dying, pain management, may be worsening. In late 1997, family reports of moderate and severe pain in dying hospitalized patients increased from 33% to 57%. This occurred during a volatile time in the Oregon political climate associated with events surrounding a second vote on physician-assisted suicide. In order to better understand the observed increase better, a statewide sample of physicians and nurses was surveyed to obtain their opinions about factors that may have contributed to the increased family reports of moderate and severe pain in dying hospitalized patients. Seventy-nine percent of respondents endorsed two or more factors as partial explanations. These factors include an increase in family expectations about pain management (endorsed by 96%), decreased physician prescribing (endorsed by 66%), and reduced nurse administration of pain medication (endorsed by 59%). Physicians who thought reduced physician prescribing was a partial factor rated fears of the Board of Medical Examiners and the Drug Enforcement Administration as the most likely explanations for decreased prescribing. More research is needed to better understand family expectations for end-of-life care, fears of investigation, and pain medication practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Hickman
- Center for Ethics in Health Care, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to intense national pressure to improve care of the dying, efforts have been made to determine problems or barriers to optimal care. However, prior research is limited by such factors as setting, focus, and sampling. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to optimal care of a population-based representative sample of decedents across a full range of settings in which death occurred. METHODS Families were contacted 2 to 5 months after decedents' deaths by using data on their death certificates. Over a 14-month period, telephone interviews were conducted with 475 family informants who had been involved in caring for the patient in the last month of life. Interviews were standardized by use of a 58-item structured questionnaire. RESULTS Data show a high frequency of advance planning (68%) and a high level of respect by clinicians for patient-family preferences about end-of-life location and treatment decisions. Family satisfaction with care was generally high, even though pain was a problem in one third of the sample of decedents. CONCLUSIONS Barriers to optimal care of the dying remain, despite a generally positive overall profile; barriers include level of pain and management of pain, as well as some dissatisfaction with physician availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Tolle
- Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To see how often families in Oregon reported moderate to severe pain in dying patients in late 1998 compared with late 1997. DESIGN A systematic random sample of death certificates was used to identify family members of decedents who died in a hospital setting between October 1 and December 31, 1998. A structured telephone interview was used to obtain data. PARTICIPANTS Family members of 103 decedents (who died in hospitals 2 to 4 months before data collection) were identified with the use of death certificates. RESULTS In late 1998, 56 family members (54%) reported that their loved one experienced moderate to severe pain in the last week of life. CONCLUSIONS Family reports of moderate to severe pain in dying hospitalized Oregonians remain high. The influence of environmental factors on pain management may have implications for practice and policy nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Tolle
- Center for Ethics in Health Care, School of Medicine Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098, USA.
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Abstract
The senile plaque is the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Senile plaques are composed of beta amyloid fibrils, associated with activated microglia, astrocytes, and dystrophic neurons. We have recently identified class A scavenger receptors as the main receptors mediating the interaction of microglia with beta amyloid fibrils. Adhesion of microglia to beta amyloid fibrils leads to immobilization of these cells on the fibrils, and induces them to produce reactive oxygen species. We propose that interactions of microglial scavenger receptors with fibrillar beta amyloid may stimulate the microglia to secrete apolipoprotein E and complement proteins, which may further contribute to neurotoxicity and neuronal degeneration. Therefore, microglial scavenger receptors may be novel targets for therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J El Khoury
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
A pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the senile plaque, containing beta-amyloid fibrils, microglia and astrocytes. Beta-amyloid fibrils exert a cytotoxic effect on neurons, and stimulate microglia to produce neurotoxins, such as reactive oxygen species. Mononuclear phagocytes, including microglia, express scavenger receptors that mediate endocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoproteins, and adhesion to glucose-modified extra-cellular matrix proteins. Here we report that class A scavenger receptors mediate adhesion of rodent microglia and human monocytes to beta-amyloid fibril-coated surfaces leading to secretion of reactive oxygen species and cell immobilization. Thus, class A scavenger receptors are potential therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J El Khoury
- Department of Physiology, Columbia Univwersity, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 10032, USA
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Watson PJ, Morris RJ, Ramsey A, Hickman SE, Waddell MG. Further contrasts between self-reflectiveness and internal state awareness factors of private self-consciousness. J Psychol 1996; 130:183-92. [PMID: 8636907 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.1996.9915000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although widely used as a unitary measure of self-focused attention, the Private Self-Consciousness subscale (Fenigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975) contains two factors. In the present study, this subscale and its self-reflectiveness (SR) factor predicted greater shame, guilt, other-directedness, and social anxiety; but the internal state awareness (ISA) factor displayed relationships that were in the opposite direction. Contrasts between SR and ISA often became more obvious in partial correlations, when one factor was examined while controlling for the other. In relationships with personal and social identity, SR appeared to reflect public as much as private self-consciousness. These data support recent suggestions that it may be necessary to construct more adequate measures of private self-consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Watson
- Psychology Department, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 37403, USA.
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Abstract
Self-reported narcissism, self-esteem, and perceptions of parents as nurturing were examined in a sample of 459 undergraduates. In zero-order and partial correlations, dimensions from the Narcissistic Personality Inventory displayed inter-relationships and linkages with self-esteem and parental nurturance that conformed with the hypothesis that indices of narcissism fall along a continuum of mental health. Partial correlations controlling for self-esteem also indicated that at least some data for the more adaptive aspects of narcissism were mediated by healthier self-functioning. These results support recent suggestions that narcissism must be conceptualized within frameworks that include healthy self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 37403
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Hickman SE, el Khoury J, Greenberg S, Schieren I, Silverstein SC. P2Z adenosine triphosphate receptor activity in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages. Blood 1994; 84:2452-6. [PMID: 7919365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study shows that human mononuclear phagocytes express a P2Z-like purinergic membrane receptor activity. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induces the formation of nonselective membrane pores in human mononuclear phagocytes that allow the entry of otherwise membrane impermeant fluorescent dyes (YO-PRO-1 or Lucifer yellow) into the cytoplasm of these cells. The percentage of mononuclear phagocytes that was permeabilized by ATP increased as monocytes matured into macrophages. Their response to ATP was inhibited by Mg2+ and oxidized ATP. Benzoylbenzoic-ATP (BzBzATP) was approximately 60% as effective as ATP and adenosine-5 -O-(thiophosphate) (ATP gamma S) was less than 20% as effective as ATP in permeabilizing human macrophages to YO-PRO-1 or Lucifer Yellow. Thus, the human P2Z-like receptor differs from its murine counterpart because BzBzATP, ATP, and ATP gamma S are equally efficacious in permeabilizing murine macrophage-like J774 cells to these dyes. UTP, GTP, and CTP were ineffective in permeabilizing human or murine macrophages to YO-PRO-1. Taken together, these data indicate that human monocyte-derived macrophages express a P2Z-like activity that is pharmacologically distinct from that expressed by their murine counterparts and that expression of these receptors is developmentally regulated in human mononuclear phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Hickman
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
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el Khoury J, Thomas CA, Loike JD, Hickman SE, Cao L, Silverstein SC. Macrophages adhere to glucose-modified basement membrane collagen IV via their scavenger receptors. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:10197-200. [PMID: 8144597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors have been reported to mediate macrophage adhesion to serum-coated plastic surfaces. We report here that scavenger receptors promote the divalent cation independent adhesion of human monocytes and macrophages to surfaces coated with non-enzymatically glycated collagen IV but not to surfaces coated with native collagen IV. Ligands for scavenger receptor types I and II blocked adhesion of monocytes and macrophages to non-enzymatically glycated collagen IV but had no effect on adhesion of these cells to albumin-coated surfaces. U937 human promonocyte-like cells transfected with cDNA encoding bovine scavenger receptor I or II adhered to surfaces coated with glycated-collagen IV but not to surfaces coated with native collagen IV. A synthetic peptide homologous to the domain of bovine scavenger receptor that binds modified low density lipoproteins (residues 327-343) inhibited the adhesion of U937 cells transfected with cDNA encoding bovine scavenger receptor II to glycated collagen IV, whereas a control peptide from the alpha helical domain of scavenger receptor II (residues 121-137) had no effect on adhesion of these cells. Macrophages plated on surfaces coated with glycated collagen IV were unable to endocytose acetylated low density lipoproteins from the medium, suggesting that their scavenger receptors were occupied in binding these cells to the substrate. These findings suggest new roles for scavenger receptors in the accelerated development of vascular lesions observed in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J el Khoury
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
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Shaw DR, Shaw MW, Hickman SE, Lamon EW, Griffin FM. Sodium azide inhibition of complement-mediated functions. Immunology 1980; 39:53-6. [PMID: 7380463 PMCID: PMC1457767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate concentrations of sodium azide (0.1-0.2%) significantly inhibited guinea-pig and human complement-mediated lysis of both IgM- and IgG-sensitized sheep erythrocytes. The reduction in cytolysis was not attributable to non-specific ionic effects, to inactivation of native complement components by azide, or to irreversible interactions of azide with sensitized erythrocytes. Mouse complement-dependent opsonization of sensitized erythrocytes, as judged by macrophage complement receptor-mediated attachment and phagocytosis of the erythrocytes, was comparably inhibited by sodium azide, suggesting that azide acted within the sequence of the first four components of the classical complement pathway.
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