1
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Jorstad SG, Marscher AP, Raiteri CM, Villata M, Weaver ZR, Zhang H, Dong L, Gómez JL, Perel MV, Savchenko SS, Larionov VM, Carosati D, Chen WP, Kurtanidze OM, Marchini A, Matsumoto K, Mortari F, Aceti P, Acosta-Pulido JA, Andreeva T, Apolonio G, Arena C, Arkharov A, Bachev R, Banfi M, Bonnoli G, Borman GA, Bozhilov V, Carnerero MI, Damljanovic G, Ehgamberdiev SA, Elsässer D, Frasca A, Gabellini D, Grishina TS, Gupta AC, Hagen-Thorn VA, Hallum MK, Hart M, Hasuda K, Hemrich F, Hsiao HY, Ibryamov S, Irsmambetova TR, Ivanov DV, Joner MD, Kimeridze GN, Klimanov SA, Knött J, Kopatskaya EN, Kurtanidze SO, Kurtenkov A, Kuutma T, Larionova EG, Leonini S, Lin HC, Lorey C, Mannheim K, Marino G, Minev M, Mirzaqulov DO, Morozova DA, Nikiforova AA, Nikolashvili MG, Ovcharov E, Papini R, Pursimo T, Rahimov I, Reinhart D, Sakamoto T, Salvaggio F, Semkov E, Shakhovskoy DN, Sigua LA, Steineke R, Stojanovic M, Strigachev A, Troitskaya YV, Troitskiy IS, Tsai A, Valcheva A, Vasilyev AA, Vince O, Waller L, Zaharieva E, Chatterjee R. Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae. Nature 2022; 609:265-268. [PMID: 36071186 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blazars are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets whose non-thermal radiation is extremely variable on various timescales1-3. This variability seems mostly random, although some quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), implying systematic processes, have been reported in blazars and other AGN. QPOs with timescales of days or hours are especially rare4 in AGN and their nature is highly debated, explained by emitting plasma moving helically inside the jet5, plasma instabilities6,7 or orbital motion in an accretion disc7,8. Here we report results of intense optical and γ-ray flux monitoring of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) during a dramatic outburst in 2020 (ref. 9). BL Lac, the prototype of a subclass of blazars10, is powered by a 1.7 × 108 MSun (ref. 11) black hole in an elliptical galaxy (distance = 313 megaparsecs (ref. 12)). Our observations show QPOs of optical flux and linear polarization, and γ-ray flux, with cycles as short as approximately 13 h during the highest state of the outburst. The QPO properties match the expectations of current-driven kink instabilities6 near a recollimation shock about 5 parsecs (pc) from the black hole in the wake of an apparent superluminal feature moving down the jet. Such a kink is apparent in a microwave Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) image.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Jorstad
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A P Marscher
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C M Raiteri
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Villata
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Z R Weaver
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Zhang
- NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, Greenbelt, MD, USA.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - L Dong
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J L Gómez
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - M V Perel
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S S Savchenko
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Russia.,Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V M Larionov
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Carosati
- EPT Observatories, Tijarafe, La Palma, Spain.,INAF, TNG Fundación Galileo Galilei, La Palma, Spain
| | - W P Chen
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - O M Kurtanidze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia.,Engelhardt Astronomical Observatory, Kazan Federal University, Tatarstan, Russia.,Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marchini
- Astronomical Observatory, Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - K Matsumoto
- Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara, Japan
| | | | - P Aceti
- Osservatorio Astronomico Città di Seveso, Seveso, Italy.,Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - J A Acosta-Pulido
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Dpto. de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - T Andreeva
- Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G Apolonio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - C Arena
- Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi (GAC), Catania, Italy
| | - A Arkharov
- Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R Bachev
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Banfi
- Osservatorio Astronomico Città di Seveso, Seveso, Italy
| | - G Bonnoli
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Granada, Spain.,Astronomical Observatory, Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, Italy
| | - G A Borman
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Bakhchisaray, Crimea
| | - V Bozhilov
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M I Carnerero
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - S A Ehgamberdiev
- Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.,National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - D Elsässer
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Frasca
- INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - T S Grishina
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A C Gupta
- Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital, India
| | - V A Hagen-Thorn
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M K Hallum
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Hart
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Hasuda
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Hemrich
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Y Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - S Ibryamov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Shumen, Shumen, Bulgaria
| | - T R Irsmambetova
- Sternberg Astronomical Institute, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Ivanov
- Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M D Joner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - G N Kimeridze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia
| | | | - J Knött
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E N Kopatskaya
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S O Kurtanidze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia.,Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Kurtenkov
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T Kuutma
- Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón, Teruel, Spain
| | - E G Larionova
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Leonini
- Montarrenti Observatory, Siena, Italy
| | - H C Lin
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C Lorey
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Mannheim
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Astronomie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G Marino
- Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi (GAC), Catania, Italy.,Wild Boar Remote Observatory, Florence, Italy
| | - M Minev
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - D A Morozova
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Nikiforova
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M G Nikolashvili
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia.,Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Ovcharov
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Papini
- Wild Boar Remote Observatory, Florence, Italy
| | - T Pursimo
- Nordic Optical Telescope, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - I Rahimov
- Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Reinhart
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Sakamoto
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Salvaggio
- Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi (GAC), Catania, Italy.,Wild Boar Remote Observatory, Florence, Italy
| | - E Semkov
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - L A Sigua
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia
| | - R Steineke
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Stojanovic
- Astronomical Observatory Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Strigachev
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Y V Troitskaya
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I S Troitskiy
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - A Valcheva
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A A Vasilyev
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O Vince
- Astronomical Observatory Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L Waller
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Zaharieva
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Chatterjee
- Department of Physics, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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2
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Raiteri CM, Villata M, Acosta-Pulido JA, Agudo I, Arkharov AA, Bachev R, Baida GV, Benítez E, Borman GA, Boschin W, Bozhilov V, Butuzova MS, Calcidese P, Carnerero MI, Carosati D, Casadio C, Castro-Segura N, Chen WP, Damljanovic G, D'Ammando F, Di Paola A, Echevarría J, Efimova NV, Ehgamberdiev SA, Espinosa C, Fuentes A, Giunta A, Gómez JL, Grishina TS, Gurwell MA, Hiriart D, Jermak H, Jordan B, Jorstad SG, Joshi M, Kopatskaya EN, Kuratov K, Kurtanidze OM, Kurtanidze SO, Lähteenmäki A, Larionov VM, Larionova EG, Larionova LV, Lázaro C, Lin CS, Malmrose MP, Marscher AP, Matsumoto K, McBreen B, Michel R, Mihov B, Minev M, Mirzaqulov DO, Mokrushina AA, Molina SN, Moody JW, Morozova DA, Nazarov SV, Nikolashvili MG, Ohlert JM, Okhmat DN, Ovcharov E, Pinna F, Polakis TA, Protasio C, Pursimo T, Redondo-Lorenzo FJ, Rizzi N, Rodriguez-Coira G, Sadakane K, Sadun AC, Samal MR, Savchenko SS, Semkov E, Skiff BA, Slavcheva-Mihova L, Smith PS, Steele IA, Strigachev A, Tammi J, Thum C, Tornikoski M, Troitskaya YV, Troitsky IS, Vasilyev AA, Vince O. Blazar spectral variability as explained by a twisted inhomogeneous jet. Nature 2017; 552:374-377. [PMID: 29211720 DOI: 10.1038/nature24623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Blazars are active galactic nuclei, which are powerful sources of radiation whose central engine is located in the core of the host galaxy. Blazar emission is dominated by non-thermal radiation from a jet that moves relativistically towards us, and therefore undergoes Doppler beaming. This beaming causes flux enhancement and contraction of the variability timescales, so that most blazars appear as luminous sources characterized by noticeable and fast changes in brightness at all frequencies. The mechanism that produces this unpredictable variability is under debate, but proposed mechanisms include injection, acceleration and cooling of particles, with possible intervention of shock waves or turbulence. Changes in the viewing angle of the observed emitting knots or jet regions have also been suggested as an explanation of flaring events and can also explain specific properties of blazar emission, such as intra-day variability, quasi-periodicity and the delay of radio flux variations relative to optical changes. Such a geometric interpretation, however, is not universally accepted because alternative explanations based on changes in physical conditions-such as the size and speed of the emitting zone, the magnetic field, the number of emitting particles and their energy distribution-can explain snapshots of the spectral behaviour of blazars in many cases. Here we report the results of optical-to-radio-wavelength monitoring of the blazar CTA 102 and show that the observed long-term trends of the flux and spectral variability are best explained by an inhomogeneous, curved jet that undergoes changes in orientation over time. We propose that magnetohydrodynamic instabilities or rotation of the twisted jet cause different jet regions to change their orientation and hence their relative Doppler factors. In particular, the extreme optical outburst of 2016-2017 (brightness increase of six magnitudes) occurred when the corresponding emitting region had a small viewing angle. The agreement between observations and theoretical predictions can be seen as further validation of the relativistic beaming theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Raiteri
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - M Villata
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - J A Acosta-Pulido
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - I Agudo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
| | - A A Arkharov
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - R Bachev
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - G V Baida
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Nauchny 298409, Russia
| | - E Benítez
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - G A Borman
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Nauchny 298409, Russia
| | - W Boschin
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain.,INAF, TNG Fundación Galileo Galilei, E-38712 La Palma, Spain
| | - V Bozhilov
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M S Butuzova
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Nauchny 298409, Russia
| | - P Calcidese
- Osservatorio Astronomico della Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta, I-11020 Nus, Italy
| | - M I Carnerero
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - D Carosati
- INAF, TNG Fundación Galileo Galilei, E-38712 La Palma, Spain.,EPT Observatories, Tijarafe, E-38780 La Palma, Spain
| | - C Casadio
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain.,Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Castro-Segura
- Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - W-P Chen
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
| | | | - F D'Ammando
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.,INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Di Paola
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - J Echevarría
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - N V Efimova
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sh A Ehgamberdiev
- Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Maidanak Observatory, Tashkent 100052, Uzbekistan
| | - C Espinosa
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - A Fuentes
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
| | - A Giunta
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - J L Gómez
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
| | - T S Grishina
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - M A Gurwell
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Hiriart
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - H Jermak
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - B Jordan
- School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S G Jorstad
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia.,Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - M Joshi
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - E N Kopatskaya
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - K Kuratov
- NNLOT, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - O M Kurtanidze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia.,Engelhardt Astronomical Observatory, Kazan Federal University, Tatarstan, Russia.,Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - S O Kurtanidze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia
| | - A Lähteenmäki
- Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland.,Aalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.,Tartu Observatory, 61602 Tõravere, Estonia
| | - V M Larionov
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St Petersburg, Russia.,Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - E G Larionova
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - L V Larionova
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - C Lázaro
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - C S Lin
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
| | - M P Malmrose
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - A P Marscher
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - K Matsumoto
- Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka 582-8582, Japan
| | - B McBreen
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R Michel
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - B Mihov
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Minev
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - D O Mirzaqulov
- Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Maidanak Observatory, Tashkent 100052, Uzbekistan
| | - A A Mokrushina
- Pulkovo Observatory, 196140 St Petersburg, Russia.,Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - S N Molina
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
| | - J W Moody
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - D A Morozova
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - S V Nazarov
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Nauchny 298409, Russia
| | | | - J M Ohlert
- Michael Adrian Observatorium, Astronomie Stiftung Trebur, 65468 Trebur, Germany.,University of Applied Sciences, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, 61169 Friedberg, Germany
| | - D N Okhmat
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Nauchny 298409, Russia
| | - E Ovcharov
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - F Pinna
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - T A Polakis
- Command Module Observatory, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - C Protasio
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - T Pursimo
- Nordic Optical Telescope, E-38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain
| | - F J Redondo-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - N Rizzi
- Osservatorio Astronomico Sirio, I-70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - G Rodriguez-Coira
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), La Laguna, E-38200 Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
| | - K Sadakane
- Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka 582-8582, Japan
| | - A C Sadun
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364 USA
| | - M R Samal
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
| | - S S Savchenko
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - E Semkov
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - B A Skiff
- Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - L Slavcheva-Mihova
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P S Smith
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - I A Steele
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - A Strigachev
- Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - J Tammi
- Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland
| | - C Thum
- Instituto de Radio Astronomía Milimétrica, E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - M Tornikoski
- Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland
| | - Yu V Troitskaya
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - I S Troitsky
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Vasilyev
- Astronomical Institute, St Petersburg State University, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - O Vince
- Astronomical Observatory, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Kiehlmann S, Savolainen T, Jorstad SG, Sokolovsky KV, Schinzel FK, Agudo I, Arkharov AA, Benítez E, Berdyugin A, Blinov DA, Bochkarev NG, Borman GA, Burenkov AN, Casadio C, Doroshenko VT, Efimova NV, Fukazawa Y, Gómez JL, Hagen-Thorn VA, Heidt J, Hiriart D, Itoh R, Joshi M, Kimeridze GN, Konstantinova TS, Kopatskaya EN, Korobtsev IV, Kovalev YY, Krajci T, Kurtanidze O, Kurtanidze SO, Larionov VM, Larionova EG, Larionova LV, Lindfors E, López E, Marscher AP, McHardy IM, Molina SN, Morozova DA, Nazarov S, Nikolashvili MG, Nilsson K, Pulatova NG, Reinthal R, Sadun A, Sergeev SG, Sigua LA, Sorcia M, Spiridonova OI, Takalo LO, Taylor B, Troitsky IS, Ugolkova LS, Zensus JA, Zhdanova VE. Analyzing polarization swings in 3C 279. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20136106003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
A 16-month sequence of radio images of the active galaxy 3C120 with the Very Long Baseline Array reveals a region in the relativistic jet where superluminal components flash on and off over time scales of months, while the polarization angle rotates. This can be explained by interaction between the jet and an interstellar cloud located about 8 parsecs from the center of the galaxy. The cloud, which rotates the polarization direction and possibly eclipses a section of the jet, represents a "missing link" between the ultradense broad-emission-line clouds closer to the center and the lower density narrow-emission-line clouds seen on kiloparsec scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- JL Gomez
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC), Apartado 3004, Granada 18080, Spain. Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State U
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