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Zilic K, Aboobaker A, Aubin F, Geach C, Hanany S, Jarosik N, Milligan M, Sagiv I. A double vacuum window mechanism for space-borne applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:045112. [PMID: 28456220 DOI: 10.1063/1.4981814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a vacuum window mechanism that is useful for applications requiring two different vacuum windows in series, with one of them movable and resealable. Such applications include space borne instruments that can benefit from a thin vacuum window at low ambient pressures but must also have an optically open aperture at atmospheric pressures. We describe the implementation and successful operation with the E and B experiment balloon-borne payload, a millimeter-wave instrument designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zilic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota/Twin Cities, 116 Church St., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Aboobaker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91011, USA
| | - F Aubin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota/Twin Cities, 116 Church St., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C Geach
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota/Twin Cities, 116 Church St., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S Hanany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota/Twin Cities, 116 Church St., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N Jarosik
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M Milligan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota/Twin Cities, 116 Church St., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - I Sagiv
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota/Twin Cities, 116 Church St., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Santos MG, Balbi A, Borrill J, Ferreira PG, Hanany S, Jaffe AH, Lee AT, Magueijo J, Rabii B, Richards PL, Smoot GF, Stompor R, Winant CD, Wu JHP. Estimate of the cosmological bispectrum from the MAXIMA-1 cosmic microwave background map. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:241302. [PMID: 12059290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.241302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2001] [Revised: 02/02/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We use the measurement of the cosmic microwave background taken during the MAXIMA-1 flight to estimate the bispectrum of cosmological perturbations. We propose an estimator for the bispectrum that is appropriate in the flat sky approximation, apply it to the MAXIMA-1 data, and evaluate errors using bootstrap methods. We compare the estimated value with what would be expected if the sky signal were Gaussian and find that it is indeed consistent, with a chi(2) per degree of freedom of approximately unity. This measurement places constraints on models of inflation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Santos
- Astrophysics & Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
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Wu JH, Balbi A, Borrill J, Ferreira PG, Hanany S, Jaffe AH, Lee AT, Rabii B, Richards PL, Smoot GF, Stompor R, Winant CD. Tests for Gaussianity of the MAXIMA-1 cosmic microwave background map. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:251303. [PMID: 11736557 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.251303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gaussianity of the cosmological perturbations is one of the key predictions of standard inflation, but it is violated by other models of structure formation such as cosmic defects. We present the first test of the Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on subdegree angular scales, where deviations from Gaussianity are most likely to occur. We apply the methods of moments, cumulants, the Kolmogorov test, the chi(2) test, and Minkowski functionals in eigen, real, Wiener-filtered, and signal-whitened spaces, to the MAXIMA-1 CMB anisotropy data. We find that the data, which probe angular scales between 10 arcmin and 5 deg, are consistent with Gaussianity. These results show consistency with the standard inflation and place constraints on the existence of cosmic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Wu
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3411, USA
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Jaffe AH, Ade PA, Balbi A, Bock JJ, Bond JR, Borrill J, Boscaleri A, Coble K, Crill BP, de Bernardis P, Farese P, Ferreira PG, Ganga K, Giacometti M, Hanany S, Hivon E, Hristov VV, Iacoangeli A, Lange AE, Lee AT, Martinis L, Masi S, Mauskopf PD, Melchiorri A, Montroy T, Netterfield CB, Oh S, Pascale E, Piacentini F, Pogosyan D, Prunet S, Rabii B, Rao S, Richards PL, Romeo G, Ruhl JE, Scaramuzzi F, Sforna D, Smoot GF, Stompor R, Winant CD, Wu JH. Cosmology from MAXIMA-1, BOOMERANG, and COBE DMR cosmic microwave background observations. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:3475-3479. [PMID: 11328002 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent results from BOOMERANG-98 and MAXIMA-1, taken together with COBE DMR, provide consistent and high signal-to-noise measurements of the cosmic microwave background power spectrum at spherical harmonic multipole bands over 2<l less similar to 800. Analysis of the combined data yields 68% (95%) confidence limits on the total density, Omega(tot) approximately 1.11+/-0.07 (+0.13)(-0.12), the baryon density, Omega(b)h(2) approximately 0.032(+0.005)(-0.004) (+0.009)(-0.008), and the scalar spectral tilt, n(s) approximately 1.01(+0.09)(-0.07) (+0.17)(-0.14). These data are consistent with inflationary initial conditions for structure formation. Taken together with other cosmological observations, they imply the existence of both nonbaryonic dark matter and dark energy in the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Jaffe
- Center for Particle Astrophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Mauskopf PD, Ade PA, Bock JJ, Borrill J, Boscaleri A, Crill BP, DeGasperis G, Farese P, Ferreira PG, Ganga K, Giacometti M, Hanany S, Hristov VV, Iacoangeli A, Jaffe AH, Lange AE, Lee AT, Masi S, Melchiorri A, Melchiorri F, Miglio L, Montroy T, Netterfield CB, Pascale E, Piacentini F, Richards PL, Romeo G, Ruhl JE, Scannapieco E, Scaramuzzi F, Stompor R, Vittorio N. Measurement of a Peak in the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectrum from the North American Test Flight of Boomerang. Astrophys J 2000; 536:L59-L62. [PMID: 10859118 DOI: 10.1086/312743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/1999] [Accepted: 05/04/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe a measurement of the angular power spectrum of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at scales of 0&fdg;3 to 5 degrees from the North American test flight of the Boomerang experiment. Boomerang is a balloon-borne telescope with a bolometric receiver designed to map CMB anisotropies on a long-duration balloon flight. During a 6 hr test flight of a prototype system in 1997, we mapped more than 200 deg(2) at high Galactic latitudes in two bands centered at 90 and 150 GHz with a resolution of 26&arcmin; and 16&farcm;5 FWHM, respectively. Analysis of the maps gives a power spectrum with a peak at angular scales of 1 degrees with an amplitude 70 µK(CMB).
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Hanany S, Shaw PS, Liu Y, Santangelo A, Kaaret P, Novick R. Measurement of the electron yield of CsI with polarized x rays. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:701-709. [PMID: 10007927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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