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Ojha R, Ezung C, Chalageri PH, Chandy BR, Isaac J, Marimuthu S, Jeyaseelan L, Tharion G. Ankle dorsiflexion assist using a single sensor-based FES: Results from clinical study on patients with stroke. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2023; 14:48-54. [PMID: 36891092 PMCID: PMC9945029 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp-2022-8-6-(2766)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Ankle foot orthosis (AFO) commonly prescribed to manage foot-drop following stroke restricts ankle mobility. Commercially available functional electrical stimulation (FES) is an expensive alternative to achieve desired dorsiflexion during swing phase of the gait cycle. An in-house cost-effective innovative solution was designed and developed to address this problem.The aim of the study was to compare spatiotemporal gait characteristics of patients with foot-drop following stroke using commercially available FES against in-house developed versatile single sensor-based FES. Material and Methods Ten patients with cerebrovascular accident of at least 3 months duration and ambulant with/without AFO were recruited prospectively. They were trained with Device-1 (Commercial Device) and Device-2 (In-house developed, Re-Lift) for 7 h over 3 consecutive days with each device. Outcome measures included timed-up-and-go-test (TUG), six-minute-walk-test (6MWT), ten-meter-walk-test (10MWT), physiological cost index (PCI), instrumented gait analysis derived spatiotemporal parameters, and patient satisfaction feedback questionnaire. We calculated intraclass correlation between devices and median interquartile range. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon-signed-rank-test and F-test (P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Bland Altman and scatter plots were plotted for both devices. Results Intraclass correlation coefficient for 6MWT (0.96), 10MWT (0.97), TUG test (0.99), and PCI (0.88) reflected high agreement between the two devices. Scatter plot and Bland Altman plots for the outcome parameters showed good correlation between two FES devices. Patient satisfaction scores were equal for both Device-1 and Device-2. There was statistically significant change in swing phase ankle dorsiflexion. Conclusions The study demonstrated good correlation between commercial FES and Re-Lift suggestive of the utility of low-cost FES device in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Ojha
- Center for Advanced Technology Enabled Rehabilitation (CATER), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chenithung Ezung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Institute of Health Sciences and Research Hospital, Dimapur, Nagaland, India
| | - Prashanth H. Chalageri
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bobeena Rachel Chandy
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joyce Isaac
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Marimuthu
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakshamanan Jeyaseelan
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - George Tharion
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Marimuthu S, Mani T, Sudarsanam TD, George S, Jeyaseelan L. Preferring Box-Cox transformation, instead of log transformation to convert skewed distribution of outcomes to normal in medical research. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Reck M, Ciuleanu TE, Cobo M, Schenker M, Zurawski B, Menezes J, Richardet E, Bennouna J, Felip E, Juan-Vidal O, Alexandru A, Sakai H, Lingua A, Reyes F, Souquet PJ, De Marchi P, Martin C, Pérol M, Scherpereel A, Lu S, Paz-Ares L, Carbone DP, Memaj A, Marimuthu S, Zhang X, Tran P, John T. Corrigendum to 'First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab with 2 cycles of chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone (4 cycles) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: CheckMate 9LA 2-year update': [ESMO Open Volume 6, Issue 5, October 2021, 100273]. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100345. [PMID: 34864501 PMCID: PMC8649668 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, LungClinic, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
| | - T-E Ciuleanu
- Department of Oncology, Institutul Oncologic Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta and UMF Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - M Cobo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Schenker
- Department of Oncology, SF Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania
| | - B Zurawski
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Ambulatorium Chemioterapii, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - J Menezes
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E Richardet
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Instituto Oncológico de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J Bennouna
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Nantes and INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - E Felip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Juan-Vidal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Alexandru
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Oncology Prof Dr Alexandru Trestioreanu Bucha, Bucharest, Romania
| | - H Sakai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - A Lingua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Medico Rio Cuarto, SA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F Reyes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Metropolitana, Chile
| | - P-J Souquet
- Department of Pneumology, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - P De Marchi
- Department of Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - C Martin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Pérol
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - A Scherpereel
- Department of Pulmonary and Thoracic Oncology, University of Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1189, OncoThAI, Lille, France
| | - S Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Paz-Ares
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, CNIO-H12o Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Universidad Complutense & CiberOnc, Madrid, Spain
| | - D P Carbone
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, USA
| | - A Memaj
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | | | - X Zhang
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - P Tran
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - T John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
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Reck M, Ciuleanu TE, Cobo M, Schenker M, Zurawski B, Menezes J, Richardet E, Bennouna J, Felip E, Juan-Vidal O, Alexandru A, Sakai H, Lingua A, Reyes F, Souquet PJ, De Marchi P, Martin C, Pérol M, Scherpereel A, Lu S, Paz-Ares L, Carbone DP, Memaj A, Marimuthu S, Zhang X, Tran P, John T. First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab with two cycles of chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone (four cycles) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: CheckMate 9LA 2-year update. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100273. [PMID: 34607285 PMCID: PMC8493593 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To further characterize survival benefit with first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab with two cycles of chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone, we report updated data from the phase III CheckMate 9LA trial with a 2-year minimum follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult patients were treatment naïve, with stage IV/recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer, no known sensitizing EGFR/ALK alterations, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤1. Patients were randomized 1 : 1 to nivolumab 360 mg every 3 weeks plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks with two cycles of chemotherapy, or four cycles of chemotherapy. Updated efficacy and safety outcomes are reported, along with progression-free survival (PFS) after next line of treatment (PFS2), treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) by treatment cycle, and efficacy outcomes in patients who discontinued all treatment components in the experimental arm due to TRAEs. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 30.7 months, nivolumab plus ipilimumab with chemotherapy continued to prolong overall survival (OS) versus chemotherapy. Median OS was 15.8 versus 11.0 months [hazard ratio 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.61-0.86)]; 2-year OS rate was 38% versus 26%. Two-year PFS rate was 20% versus 8%. ORR was 38% versus 25%, respectively; 34% versus 12% of all responses were ongoing at 2 years. Median PFS2 was 13.9 versus 8.7 months. Improved efficacy outcomes in the experimental versus control arm were observed across most subgroups, including by programmed death-ligand 1 and histology. No new safety signals were observed; onset of grade 3/4 TRAEs was mostly observed during the first two treatment cycles in the experimental arm. In patients who discontinued all components of nivolumab plus ipilimumab with chemotherapy treatment due to TRAEs (n = 61) median OS was 27.5 months; 56% of responders had an ongoing response ≥1 year after discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS With a 2-year minimum follow-up, nivolumab plus ipilimumab with two cycles of chemotherapy provided durable efficacy benefits over chemotherapy with a manageable safety profile and remains an efficacious first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, LungClinic, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
| | - T-E Ciuleanu
- Department of Oncology, Institutul Oncologic Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta and UMF Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - M Cobo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Schenker
- Department of Oncology, SF Nectarie Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania
| | - B Zurawski
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Ambulatorium Chemioterapii, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - J Menezes
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E Richardet
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Instituto Oncológico de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J Bennouna
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Nantes and INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - E Felip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona
| | - O Juan-Vidal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Alexandru
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Oncology Prof Dr Alexandru Trestioreanu Bucha, Bucharest, Romania
| | - H Sakai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - A Lingua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Medico Rio Cuarto, SA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F Reyes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Metropolitana, Chile
| | - P-J Souquet
- Department of Pneumology, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - P De Marchi
- Department of Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - C Martin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Pérol
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - A Scherpereel
- Department of Pulmonary and Thoracic Oncology, University of Lille, CHU Lille, INSERM U1189, OncoThAI, Lille, France
| | - S Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Paz-Ares
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, CNIO-H12o Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Universidad Complutense & CiberOnc, Madrid, Spain
| | - D P Carbone
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, USA
| | - A Memaj
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | | | - X Zhang
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - P Tran
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - T John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia
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Leighl N, Alexandru A, Ohe Y, Ruff P, Hida T, Nishio M, Rothenstein J, Tomiak A, Lowry P, Kumagai T, Gore I, Ntambwe I, Marimuthu S, Schenker M. FP04.01 Nivolumab 480 mg Every 4 Weeks as De Novo Second-line Treatment for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: CheckMate 907. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jayasimha S, Marimuthu S, Rajendran G, Valson AT, Chandrasingh J, Kumar S. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in Indian children: Predictors of outcome and validation of pre-treatment nomograms. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:79.e1-79.e8. [PMID: 33279435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although multiple variables have been shown to affect outcomes in pediatric lithotripsy (ESWL), there is no consensus on the same. Nomograms combine multiple variables and provide an objective prediction of outcomes. Two nomograms have been previously described and validated in two studies from the same geographical area. External validation in multiple settings is needed, as a nomogram's performance may vary with time, geographical area and clinical scenario. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify variables influencing pediatric ESWL outcomes, validate published nomograms and describe the clinical and metabolic profile of Indian children treated with ESWL. DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included all children who underwent ESWL from 2002 to 2019 at a single centre. ESWL was performed under general anaesthesia. Mid and lower ureteric calculi were treated in prone and the rest in supine position. 1500-2000 shocks were delivered at a voltage of 12-16 kV. Data pertaining to patient characteristics, metabolic evaluation, imaging, ESWL details and post-procedure outcomes were obtained from the hospital information system and these variables, along with Onal and Doğan scores, were correlated with stone clearance. Cut-offs for Onal and Doğan scores were determined using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared with area under the curve (AUC). Complications, ancillary procedures and metabolic abnormalities were recorded. RESULTS A total of 66 children (76 renal units) were included. Mean age was 5.5 years (Range 6 months-14 years) and median stone size, 12 mm (IQR 9, 15.25). Average treatment sessions were 1.8 ± 0.99. Median shocks in the stone-free group and those who failed treatment were 1750 (IQR 1500, 3000) and 3250 (IQR 1750, 4750) respectively. The remaining variables are depicted in Table 1. The stone free rate was 63.2%. Fragments <4 mm were seen in 19 (25%). Efficacy Quotient was 40. The AUC for Doğan nomogram (cut-off <199.5) was 0.761 while that for Onal nomogram (cut-off <2.5) was 0.762 and 0.771 after one and three shocks respectively. On multivariate analysis, age, multiple calculi, Onal and Doğan scores were predictive of clearance. Doğan score had higher specificity. Complications were seen in 16 (21%) and ancillary procedures needed in 7 (9.2%). Metabolic abnormalities were seen in 84.8%, the commonest being hyperoxaluria. Mixed stones were most frequent. CONCLUSIONS Lithotripsy in children is safe and effective. Older age, presence of multiple calculi, higher Onal and Doğan scores are predictive of treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhindra Jayasimha
- Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - S Marimuthu
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Geetha Rajendran
- Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Anna T Valson
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - J Chandrasingh
- Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamilnadu, India.
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Jayani T, Sanjeev B, Marimuthu S, Uthandi S. Bacterial Cellulose Nano Fiber (BCNF) as carrier support for the immobilization of probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus 016. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116965. [PMID: 33049863 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to develop bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNF) and to evaluate its ability as a carrier material for the incorporation of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 016. Bacterial cellulose (5%) dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution was amended with an equal volume of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to produce nanofibers via electrospinning. Fourier-transform infrared spectra of BCNF confirmed the absence of TFA used in the dissolution process. Mechanical properties, including tensile strength, surface area, pore-volume, and pore diameter, and thermal analysis of BCNF revealed that the nanofibers could be incorporated in food for the delivery of probiotics. L. acidophilus 016 was successfully immobilized onto the BCNF through the adsorption-incubation technique. SEM micrograph revealed that the immobilized bacteria sustained without any damage during the storage for up to 24 days. Further, the viability studies confirmed the survival of 71% population during the storage at 35 °C. These observations recommended the possibility of BCNF based probiotics for various commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jayani
- Biocatalysts Laboratoty, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - B Sanjeev
- Biocatalysts Laboratoty, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - S Marimuthu
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Laboratoty, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India.
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Marimuthu S, Joy M, Malavika B, Nadaraj A, Asirvatham ES, Jeyaseelan L. Modelling of reproduction number for COVID-19 in India and high incidence states. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2020; 9:57-61. [PMID: 32838059 PMCID: PMC7324346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the onset of the COVID-19 in China, forecasting and projections of the epidemic based on epidemiological models have been in the centre stage. Researchers have used various models to predict the maximum extent of the number of cases and the time of peak. This yielded varying numbers. This paper aims to estimate the effective reproduction number (R) for COVID-19 over time using incident number of cases that are reported by the government. Methods Exponential Growth method to estimate basic reproduction rate R0, and Time dependent method to calculate the effective reproduction number (dynamic) were used. "R0" package in R software was used to estimate these statistics. Results The basic reproduction number (R0) for India was estimated at 1.379 (95% CI: 1.375, 1.384). This was 1.450 (1.441, 1.460) for Maharashtra, 1.444 (1.430, 1.460) for Gujarat, 1.297 (1.284, 1.310) for Delhi and 1.405 (1.389, 1.421) for Tamil Nadu. In India, the R at the first week from March 2-8, 2020 was 3.2. It remained around 2 units for three weeks, from March 9-29, 2020. After March 2020, it started declining and reached around 1.3 in the following week suggesting a stabilisation of the transmissibility rate. Conclusion The study estimated a baseline R0 of 1.379 for India. It also showed that the R was getting stabilised from first week of April (with an average R of 1.29), despite the increase in March. This suggested that in due course there will be a reversal of epidemic. However, these analyses should be revised periodically.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marimuthu
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 002, India
| | - Melvin Joy
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 002, India
| | - B Malavika
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 002, India
| | - Ambily Nadaraj
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 002, India
| | - Edwin Sam Asirvatham
- Health Systems and Policy, Health Systems Research India Initiative (HSRII), Trivandrum, India
| | - L Jeyaseelan
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 002, India
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Malavika B, Marimuthu S, Joy M, Nadaraj A, Asirvatham ES, Jeyaseelan L. Forecasting COVID-19 epidemic in India and high incidence states using SIR and logistic growth models. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2020; 9:26-33. [PMID: 32838058 PMCID: PMC7319934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ever since the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak emerged in China, there has been several attempts to predict the epidemic across the world with varying degrees of accuracy and reliability. This paper aims to carry out a short-term projection of new cases; forecast the maximum number of active cases for India and selected high-incidence states; and evaluate the impact of three weeks lock down period using different models. Methods We used Logistic growth curve model for short term prediction; SIR models to forecast the maximum number of active cases and peak time; and Time Interrupted Regression model to evaluate the impact of lockdown and other interventions. Results The predicted cumulative number of cases for India was 58,912 (95% CI: 57,960, 59,853) by May 08, 2020 and the observed number of cases was 59,695. The model predicts a cumulative number of 1,02,974 (95% CI: 1,01,987, 1,03,904) cases by May 22, 2020. As per SIR model, the maximum number of active cases is projected to be 57,449 on May 18, 2020. The time interrupted regression model indicates a decrease of about 149 daily new cases after the lock down period, which is statistically not significant. Conclusion The Logistic growth curve model predicts accurately the short-term scenario for India and high incidence states. The prediction through SIR model may be used for planning and prepare the health systems. The study also suggests that there is no evidence to conclude that there is a positive impact of lockdown in terms of reduction in new cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Malavika
- Associate Research Officer, Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 002, India
| | - S Marimuthu
- Associate Research Officer, Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 002, India
| | - Melvin Joy
- Associate Research Officer, Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 002, India
| | - Ambily Nadaraj
- Associate Research Officer, Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 002, India
| | - Edwin Sam Asirvatham
- Technical Adviser (Health Systems and Policy), Health Systems Research India Initiative (HSRII), Trivandrum, India
| | - L Jeyaseelan
- Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 002, India
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Lind M, Gettinger S, Borghaei H, Brahmer J, Chow L, Burgio M, De Castro Carpeno J, Pluzanski A, Arrieta O, Frontera OA, Chiari R, Butts C, Wojcik-Tomaszewska J, Coudert B, Garassino M, Ready N, Felip E, Garcia MA, Waterhouse D, Domine M, Barlesi F, Antonia S, Wohlleber M, Gerber D, Czyzewicz G, Spigel D, Crino L, Eberhardt W, Li A, Marimuthu S, Vokes E. Five-year outcomes from the randomized, phase 3 trials CheckMate 017/057: nivolumab vs docetaxel in previously treated NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gettinger S, Borghaei H, Brahmer J, Chow L, Burgio M, De Castro Carpeno J, Pluzanski A, Arrieta O, Frontera OA, Chiari R, Butts C, Wojcik-Tomaszewska J, Coudert B, Garassino M, Ready N, Felip E, Garcia MA, Waterhouse D, Domine M, Barlesi F, Antonia S, Wohlleber M, Gerber D, Czyzewicz G, Spigel D, Crino L, Eberhardt W, Li A, Marimuthu S, Vokes E. OA14.04 Five-Year Outcomes From the Randomized, Phase 3 Trials CheckMate 017/057: Nivolumab vs Docetaxel in Previously Treated NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jagdheesh R, Diaz M, Marimuthu S, Ocaña J. Chemical analysis on laser processed Ultrahydrophobic Ti-6Al-4V surface by high vacuum Process. Data Brief 2019; 22:954-959. [PMID: 30740477 PMCID: PMC6355998 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A technique has been developed for fabrication of ultrahydrophobic Ti-6Al-4V surface by vacuum process. This report has the data related to the article “Hybrid laser and vacuum process for rapid ultrahydrophobic Ti-6Al-4 V surface formation” on the fabrication of ultrahydrophobic Ti-6Al-4V by Vacuum process (Jagdheesh et al., 2019). The present data consist of X-ray photo electron spectroscopy spectrums recorded for the laser patterned ultrahydrophobic samples, droplet image and surface chemical composition of laser patterned Ti-6Al-4V samples before vacuum process(b. v. p.) and after vacuum process (a. v. p.) for 120 min. The presented data give a clear idea about the chemical modification evolved during the vacuum process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Jagdheesh
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ctra. de Valencia Km, 7.3, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author.
| | - M. Diaz
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ctra. de Valencia Km, 7.3, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Marimuthu
- The Manufacturing Technology Centre, Coventry CV7 9JU, United Kingdom
| | - J.L. Ocaña
- Centro Láser, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ctra. de Valencia Km, 7.3, 28031 Madrid, Spain
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Sunil Gowda SN, Rajasowmiya S, Vadivel V, Banu Devi S, Celestin Jerald A, Marimuthu S, Devipriya N. Gallic acid-coated sliver nanoparticle alters the expression of radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small lung cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:170-177. [PMID: 29928970 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is the most widely used treatment method for treating cancer with or without surgery and chemotherapy. In lung cancer, it is one of the important treatment steps in excising the tumor from the lung tissue; unfortunately, radiation can induce epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT), a typical physiological process in which cuboidal shaped epithelial cell loses its phenotype and acquires mesenchymal-like phenotype thus, increases the metastasis progression in the body. To prevent EMT mediated metastasis, we aimed to 1) synthesize silver nanoparticles by using Gallic acid, a potential antioxidant which acts as stabilizing and reducing agent in the form of silver nanoparticle (GA-AgNPs) 2) to analyze its effect on EMT markers during radiation-induced EMT in A549 cells. METHODS A549 cells were irradiated with 8Gy (X-ray) and treated with GA-AgNPs at a fixed concentration under in vitro condition. GA-AgNPs were prepared and characterized for absorption, potential stability, size and morphology by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, Zeta potential and Transmission electron microscopy respectively. After irradiation, the morphology changes were observed using an inverted microscope, the gene and protein expression of EMT markers were analyzed by RT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS/CONCLUSION GA-AgNPs are in nano size with fair stability. The synthesized nanoparticles suppressed the EMT markers including Vimentin, N-cadherin, Snail-1 and increased E-cadherin expression which might inhibit cancer cells to acquire radio resistant metastasis potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Sunil Gowda
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - S Rajasowmiya
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Vellingiri Vadivel
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - S Banu Devi
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - A Celestin Jerald
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - S Marimuthu
- Vishnu Cancer Center, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Devipriya
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.
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Surendran U, Jayakumar M, Marimuthu S. Low cost drip irrigation: Impact on sugarcane yield, water and energy saving in semiarid tropical agro ecosystem in India. Sci Total Environ 2016; 573:1430-1440. [PMID: 27476728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Low cost drip irrigation (LCDI) has been a recent introduction to India and it may be an inexpensive means of expanding irrigation into uncultivated areas, thereby increasing land productivity. This paper is structured into two phases. The first phase, presents an assessment of different irrigation methods (LCDI, conventional drip irrigation (CDI) with single row and paired row, siphon and flood irrigation) on sugarcane production. The results showed that cane yield and water productivity was significantly increased in both plant and ratoon crop of sugarcane owing to the methods of irrigation. Among the methods, LCDI recorded 118.6tha-1 of cane yield and it was on par with the single row CDI, which recorded the highest mean yield of 120.4tha-1 and both are found to be significantly superior to the rest of the treatments. The lowest yield was recorded in the treatment of flood irrigation (94.40tha-1). Benefit Cost Ratio analysis confirmed that LCDI performed better compared to other irrigation methods. The second phase deals with the farmer participatory research demonstrations at multi location on evaluation of LCDI with flood irrigation. LCDI out performed flood irrigation under all the locations in terms of sugarcane yield, soil moisture content, postharvest soil fertility, reduction in nutrient transport to surface and ground water, water and energy saving. These results suggest that LCDI is a feasible option to increase the sugarcane production in water scarcity areas of semiarid agro ecosystems, and have long-term sustained economic benefits than flood irrigation in terms of water productivity, energy saving and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Surendran
- Agronomy Division, Research and Development Centre, EID Parry (I) Ltd., Pettavaithalai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Jayakumar
- Centre for Soil and Crop Management Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Marimuthu
- Centre for Soil and Crop Management Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sowndhararajan K, Marimuthu S, Manian S. Integrated control of blister blight disease in tea using the biocontrol agent Ochrobactrum anthropi strain BMO-111 with chemical fungicides. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1491-9. [PMID: 23414338 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was aimed to evaluate the integration of Ochrobactrum anthropi BMO-111 and chemical fungicides (copper oxychloride and hexaconazole) against blister blight disease of tea. METHODS AND RESULTS Application of the liquid culture of O. anthropi BMO-111 (36-h-old culture broth) was found to be effective in combined sprays with individual chemical fungicides (copper oxychloride and hexaconazole). Spray application of O. anthropi BMO-111 to tea bushes improved the biochemical parameters such as the levels of chlorophyll, polyphenols, and catechins in the harvestable tea shoots. Moreover, in the microplot and large scale trials, the integrated treatment of every two O. anthropi BMO-111 sprays followed by a single fungicides spray was found to be more efficient than the stand alone O. anthropi BMO-111 or chemicals sprays. Further, pathogenicity study employing Swiss albino mice showed no mortality in the test animals when challenged with O. anthropi BMO-111 through oral, intravenous and intranasal routes. CONCLUSIONS The field trials clearly established that O. anthropi BMO-111 has capability to reduce incidence in integrated management of blister blight disease of tea and safe to use in the field. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results indicate that O. anthropi BMO-111 can be used as an agricultural input in the integrated crop protection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sowndhararajan
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Sowndhararajan K, Marimuthu S, Manian S. Biocontrol potential of phylloplane bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi BMO-111 against blister blight disease of tea. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:209-18. [PMID: 23020645 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was carried out to screen the phylloplane bacteria from tea for antagonism against grey blight caused by Pestalotiopsis theae and blister bight caused by Exobasidium vexans and to further evaluate the efficient isolates for disease control potential under field condition. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 316 morphologically different phylloplane bacteria were isolated. Among the antagonists, the isolates designated as BMO-075, BMO-111 and BMO-147 exhibited maximum inhibitory activity against both the pathogens under in vitro conditions and hence were selected for further evaluation under microplot field trial. Foliar application of 36-h-old culture of BMO-111 (1 × 10(8) colony-forming units ml(-1) ) significantly reduced the blister blight disease incidence than the other isolates. The culture of BMO-111 as well as its culture filtrate effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of various fungal plant pathogens. The isolate BMO-111 was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi based on the morphological and 16S rDNA sequence analyses. CONCLUSIONS It could be concluded that the biocontrol agent O. anthropi BMO-111 was effective against blister blight disease of tea. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Further study is required to demonstrate the mechanism of its action and formulation for the biocontrol potential against blister blight disease of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sowndhararajan
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jayaseelan C, Rahuman AA, Kirthi AV, Marimuthu S, Santhoshkumar T, Bagavan A, Gaurav K, Karthik L, Rao KVB. Novel microbial route to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles using Aeromonas hydrophila and their activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 90:78-84. [PMID: 22321514 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we describe a low-cost, unreported and simple procedure for biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using reproducible bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila as eco-friendly reducing and capping agent. UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, AFM, NC-AFM and FESEM with EDX analyses were performed to ascertain the formation and characterization of ZnO NPs. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by a peak at 374 nm in the UV-vis spectrum. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles and AFM showed the morphology of the nanoparticle to be spherical, oval with an average size of 57.72 nm. Synthesized ZnO NPs showed the XRD peaks at 31.75°, 34.37°, 47.60°, 56.52°, 66.02° and 75.16° were identified as (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (112) and (202) reflections, respectively. Rietveld analysis to the X-ray data indicated that ZnO NPs have hexagonal unit cell at crystalline level. The size and topological structure of the ZnO NPs was measured by NC-AFM. The morphological characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was analyzed by FESEM and chemical composition by EDX. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was ended with corresponding well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration. The maximum zone of inhibition was observed in the ZnO NPs (25 μg/mL) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22±1.8 mm) and Aspergillus flavus (19±1.0 mm). Bacteria-mediated ZnO NPs were synthesized and proved to be a good novel antimicrobial material for the first time in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jayaseelan
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chakaravarthy GV, Marimuthu S, Sait AN. Comparison of Firefly algorithm and Artificial Immune System algorithm for lot streaming in -machine flow shop scheduling. INT J COMPUT INT SYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/18756891.2012.747713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Elango G, Zahir AA, Bagavan A, Kamaraj C, Rajakumar G, Santhoshkumar T, Marimuthu S, Rahuman AA. Efficacy of indigenous plant extracts on the malaria vector Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). Indian J Med Res 2011; 134:375-83. [PMID: 21985822 PMCID: PMC3193720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Mosquito control is facing a threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Insecticides of plant origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. The purpose of the present study was to assess the ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Andrographis paniculata, Eclipta prostrata and Tagetes erecta leaves tested for oviposition-deterrent, ovicidal and repellent activities against malaria vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). METHODS The dried leaves of the three plants were powdered mechanically and extracted with ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol. One gram of crude extract was first dissolved in 100 ml of acetone (stock solution). From the stock solution, test solution concentrations of 31.21- 499.42 mg/l for oviposition- deterrence assay and repellency and 15.60 - 998.85 mg/l were used in ovicidal assay. The percentage oviposition- deterrence, hatching rate of eggs and protection time were calculated. One-way analysis of variance was used for the multiple concentration tests and for per cent mortality to determine significant treatment differences. RESULTS The percentage of effective oviposition repellency was highest at 499.42 mg/l and the lowest at 31.21 mg/l in ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of A. paniculata, E. prostrata and T. erecta. The oviposition activity index (OAI) value of ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of A. paniculata, E. prostrata and T. erecta at 499.42 mg/l were -0.91, -0.93, -0.84, -0.84, -0.87, -0.82, -0.87, -0.89 and -0.87, respectively. Mortality (no egg hatchability) was 100 per cent with ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of A. paniculata, E. prostrata and T. erecta at 998.85 mg/l. The maximum adult repellent activity was observed at 499.42 mg/l in ethyl acetate extracts of A. paniculata, E. prostrata and methanol extracts of T. erecta, and the mean complete protection time ranged from 120 to 150 min with the different extracts tested. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS The acetone extract of A. paniculata, methanol extract of E. prostrata and T. erecta showed good oviposition-deterrent, ovicidal and repellent activities respectively. These results suggest that the leaf extracts of A. paniculata, E. prostrata and T. erecta may have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the An. subpictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Elango
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Abduz Zahir
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Bagavan
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C. Kamaraj
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Rajakumar
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Santhoshkumar
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Marimuthu
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Abdul Rahuman
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India,Reprint requests: Dr A. Abdul Rahuman, Unit of Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India e-mail:
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Kamaraj C, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Rajakumar G, Marimuthu S, Santhoshkumar T, Rahuman AA. Larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against Anopheles subpictus & Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Indian J Med Res 2011; 134:101-6. [PMID: 21808141 PMCID: PMC3171902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year and the development of resistance to chemical insecticides resulting in rebounding vectorial capacity. Plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents. The present study assessed the role of larvicidal activities of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol dried leaf and bark extracts of Annona squamosa L., Chrysanthemum indicum L., and Tridax procumbens L. against the fourth instar larvae of malaria vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi and Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae). METHODS Larvicidal activities of three medicinal plant extracts were studied in the range of 4.69 to 1000 mg/l in the laboratory bioassays against early 4 th instar larvae of An. subpictus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The mortality data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) to kill 50 and 90 per cent of the treated larvae of the respective species. RESULTS All plant extracts showed moderate effects after 24 h of exposure; however, the highest toxic effect of bark methanol extract of A. squamosa, leaf ethyl acetate extract of C. indicum and leaf acetone extract of T. procumbens against the larvae of An. subpictus (LC 50 = 93.80, 39.98 and 51.57 mg/l) and bark methanol extract of A. squamosa, leaf methanol extract of C. indicum and leaf ethyl acetate extract of T. procumbens against the larvae of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (LC50 =104.94, 42.29 and 69.16 mg/l) respectively. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the bark ethyl acetate and methanol extract of A. squamosa, leaf ethyl acetate and methanol extract of C. indicum, acetone and ethyl acetate extract of T. procumbens have the potential to be used as an ecofriendly approach for the control of the An. subpictus, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Kamaraj
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Bagavan
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Elango
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Abduz Zahir
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Rajakumar
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Marimuthu
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Santhoshkumar
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Abdul Rahuman
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India,Reprint requests: Dr A. Abdul Rahuman, Unit of Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Elango G, Abdul Rahuman A, Bagavan A, Kamaraj C, Abduz Zahir A, Rajakumar G, Marimuthu S, Santhoshkumar T. Studies on effects of indigenous plant extracts on malarial vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera:Culicidae). Trop Biomed 2010; 27:143-154. [PMID: 20962710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. The present investigations were made to evaluate the repellent, ovicidal and oviposition-deterrent potential of leaf hexane and chloroform extracts of Aegle marmelos, Andrographis lineata, Andrographis paniculata, Cocculus hirsutus, Eclipta prostrata and Tagetes erecta against Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera:Culicidae). The hexane extract of A. lineata was more effective in exhibiting the repellent action against the mosquito as compared with A. marmelos extract. Complete protections for 150 min were found in hexane extract of A. lineata at 500 ppm against An. subpictus bites. Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed 24 h after treatment. The percent hatchability was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract and directly proportional to the eggs. No hatchability was observed with hexane and chloroform extracts of A. lineata, A. paniculata and hexane extract of T. erecta were exerted at 1,000 ppm. The percentage of effective oviposition repellency of 93.07, 93.95, 98.03, 90.43, 92.63, 81.53, 94.81, 97.50, 97.26, 92.22, 82.85 and 72.77 at 500 ppm and the lowest repellency of 62.03, 53.64, 73.47, 59.05, 57.95, 48.17, 62.22, 72.99, 75.48, 67.77, 40.57 and 52.11 at 31.25 ppm in hexane and chloroform extracts of A. marmelos, A. lineata, A. paniculata, C. hirsutus, E. prostrata and T. erecta, respectively. The oviposition activity index (OAI) values revealed that the solvent plant extracts have deterrent effect, and they caused a remarkable negative response resulting in oviposition of very few eggs. These results clearly reveal that the hexane extract of A. lineata, served as a potential repellent, ovicidal and oviposition- deterrent against An. subpictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Elango
- Unit of Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam-632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kamaraj C, Abdul Rahman A, Bagavan A, Abduz Zahir A, Elango G, Kandan P, Rajakumar G, Marimuthu S, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal efficacy of medicinal plant extracts against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Trop Biomed 2010; 27:211-219. [PMID: 20962718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Natural products of plant origin with insecticidal properties have been used in recent years for control of a variety of pest insects and vectors. The present study was based on assessments of the larvicidal activity to determine the efficacies of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of ten medicinal plants tested against fourth instar larvae of malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston and lymphatic filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). The larvicidal activity was assessed by the procedure of WHO with some modification. The highest larval mortality was found in leaf acetone of Adhatoda vasica, bark ethyl acetate of Annona squamosa, methanol leaf and flower of Cassia auriculata, leaf ethyl acetate of Hydrocotyle javanica, methanol leaf and seed of Solanum torvum and leaf hexane extracts of Vitex negundo against the fourth instar larvae of An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The calculated LC90 for acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane extracts of dried leaf and bark of A. vasica, A. squamosa, S. torvum, and V. negundo were in the range of 70.38-210.68 ppm. Our results suggest that the leaf methanol extract of S.torvum and bark ethyl acetate extract of A. squamosa from Southern India have the potential for use to control mosquitoes. Therefore, this study provides the larvicidal activity against An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus of plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kamaraj
- Unit of Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam-632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marimuthu
- Paediatric Institute, General Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jayabalan R, Subathradevi P, Marimuthu S, Sathishkumar M, Swaminathan K. Changes in free-radical scavenging ability of kombucha tea during fermentation. Food Chem 2008; 109:227-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Damodaran V, Subbian P, Marimuthu S. Effect of stubble management with biological inoculants on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in rice-based cropping systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1556/aagr.52.2004.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University from July 2001 to July 2002 to study the effect of different stubble management practices using biological inoculants on the growth and yield of rice in rice-based cropping systems. inoculation with Trichoderma viride during stubble incorporation followed by the application of 120 kg N ha-1 in 4 splits produced significantly taller plants, higher LAI and dry matter, a larger number of productive tillers, longer panicles with more filled grains and higher grain yield. However, it was on par with the stubble management practice involving Trichoderma viride followed by the application of 90 kg N ha-1 in 4 splits.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Damodaran
- 1 Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, India
| | - P. Subbian
- 2 Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, India
| | - S. Marimuthu
- 3 Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, India
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Victor TJ, Marimuthu S, Sivaramakrishnan KG. Aquatic macrophytes and the associated mosquitoes in and around Madurai City (Tamil Nadu). Indian J Malariol 1991; 28:151-5. [PMID: 1688022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A survey of mosquitoes was carried out in 7 weeded astatic ponds in and around Madurai from October 1990 to January 1991 to qualitatively determine the macrophyte-mosquito larvae association. Members of Culex vishnui subgroup were associated with most of the macrophytes. Eichhornia crassipes, Marsilea quadrifolia and Spirodella polyrhiza showed a high potential for mosquito breeding and Azolla sp., a very low potential for both anophelines and culicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Victor
- Centre for Research in Aquatic Entomology, Department of Zoology, Madura College, Madurai, India
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