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Secker S, Holmes H, Warren D, Avula S, Bhattacharya D, Choi S, Likeman M, Liu A, Mitra D, Oates A, Pearce K, Wheeler M, Mankad K, Batty R. Review of standard paediatric neuroradiology MRI protocols from 12 UK tertiary paediatric hospitals: is there much variation between centres? Clin Radiol 2023; 78:e941-e949. [PMID: 37788968 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations are protocolled in tertiary paediatric neuroradiology centres around the UK for some of the more common presentations encountered in paediatric neuroradiology, and to identify any variations of note. MATERIALS AND METHODS All 19 UK tertiary paediatric neuroradiology centres registered with the British Society of Neuroradiologists-Paediatric Group were contacted and asked if they could provide a copy of their standard MRI protocols. Twelve responded (63%) and 10 of the more common presentations were selected and the standard acquired sequences obtained at each participating centre were compared. Where available the collated protocols were also compared against current published guidance. RESULTS The basic sequences carried out by centres around the UK are similar; however, there are lots of variations overall. The only standardised protocol currently being implemented nationally in paediatric imaging is that for brain tumours. Otherwise, chosen protocols are generally dependent on the preferences and technical capabilities of individual centres. Suggested published protocols also exist for non-accidental injury (NAI), multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and head and neck imaging. CONCLUSIONS The differences in MRI protocolling depend in part on technical capabilities and in part on the experience and preferences of the paediatric neuroradiologists at each centre. For most presentations, there is no consensus as to what constitutes the perfect protocol. The present results will be useful for specialist centres who may wish to review their current protocols, and for more generalist centres to use as a reference to guide their MRI protocolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Secker
- Neuroradiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK.
| | - H Holmes
- Neuroradiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Warren
- Neuroradiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - S Avula
- Radiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Neuroradiology, The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - S Choi
- Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Likeman
- Neuroradiology, Bristol Children's Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - A Liu
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Mitra
- Neuroradiology, Great North Children's Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - A Oates
- Radiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Pearce
- Neuroradiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - M Wheeler
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Mankad
- Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Batty
- Neuroradiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK
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Krüger T, Walker T, Nolte A, Secker S, Greiner TO, Neumann B, Wendel HP, Schlensak C. Veins under pressure: The relationship of arterial pressure to adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte adhesion in venous bypass grafts. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nolte A, Secker S, Walker T, Greiner TO, Neumann B, Simon P, Ziemer G, Wendel HP. Veins are no arteries: even moderate arterial pressure induces significant adhesion molecule expression of vein grafts in an ex vivo circulation model. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2011; 52:251-259. [PMID: 21460776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a standard procedure for treatment of coronary heart disease. Eighty percent of all CABGs are performed with venous grafts which then get exposed to an arterial pressure after surgery. This widely used procedure, however, is complicated by the development of alterations in the vein graft wall, leading to a decreased patency rate and graft failure. This study enlightens the influence of an even moderate arterial pressure on the gene expression of adhesion molecules in venous grafts which play a decisive role for the early induction of atherogenesis. METHODS Segments of porcine vena jugularis and arteria carotis were mounted in a simulated bypass circuit and subjected to pulsatile flow. Vessel segments were examined for adhesion molecule expression with quantitative real-time - polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and adherence of leukocytes was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Veins grafts subjected to an even moderate arterial pressure showed a 14-fold increase of ICAM-1 expression already after 4 hours. An arterial pressure of around 100/80 mmHg was enough to stimulate the adhesion molecule expression Furthermore it led to a 9-fold increase of leukocyte adhesion to the venous endothelium, but, in contrast this was not the case in arteries. CONCLUSION This study showed, that already 100 mmHg upregulates the expression of several adhesion molecules in pig veins followed by increased adhesion of leukocytes. Therefore, our data demonstrate the advantage of arteries for CABG, and that new therapeutic strategies are urgently necessary to protect vein grafts either physically or pharmacologically if arteries are not available for CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nolte
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children Hospital, Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
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