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Allen WL, Dunne PD, McDade S, Scanlon E, Loughrey M, Coleman H, McCann C, McLaughlin K, Nemeth Z, Syed N, Jithesh P, Arthur K, Wilson R, Coyle V, McArt D, Murray GI, Samuel L, Nuciforo P, Jimenez J, Argiles G, Dienstmann R, Tabernero J, Messerini L, Nobili S, Mini E, Sheahan K, Ryan E, Johnston PG, Van Schaeybroeck S, Lawler M, Longley DB. Transcriptional subtyping and CD8 immunohistochemistry identifies poor prognosis stage II/III colorectal cancer patients who benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2018. [PMID: 30088816 PMCID: PMC6040635 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Transcriptomic profiling of colorectal cancer (CRC) has led to the identification of four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1 to 4) that have prognostic value in stage II and III disease. More recently, the Colorectal Cancer Intrinsic Subtypes (CRIS) classification system has helped to define the biology specific to the epithelial component of colorectal tumors; however, the clinical value of these classification systems in the prediction of response to standard-of-care adjuvant chemotherapy remains unknown. Patients and Methods Using samples from four European sites, we assembled a novel cohort of patients with stage II and III CRC (n = 156 samples) and performed transcriptomic profiling and targeted sequencing and generated a tissue microarray to enable integrated multiomics analyses. We also accessed data from two published cohorts of patients with stage II and III CRC: GSE39582 and GSE14333 (n = 479 and n = 185 samples, respectively). Results The epithelial-rich CMS2 subtype of CRC benefitted significantly from treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy in both stage II and III disease (P = .02 and P < .001, respectively), whereas the CMS3 subtype significantly benefitted in stage III only (P = .001). After CRIS substratification of CMS2, we observed that only the CRIS-C subtype significantly benefitted from treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and III disease (P = .0081 and P < .001, respectively), whereas the CRIS-D subtype significantly benefitted in stage III only (P = .0034). We also observed that CRIS-C patients with low levels of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were most at risk for relapse in both stage II and III disease (log-rank P = .0031; hazard ratio, 12.18 [95% CI, 1.51 to 98.58]). Conclusion Patient stratification using a combination of transcriptional subtyping and CD8 immunohistochemistry analyses is capable of identifying patients with poor prognostic stage II and III disease who benefit from adjuvant standard-of-care chemotherapy. These findings are particularly relevant for patients with stage II disease, where the overall benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy is marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Allen
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - P D Dunne
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - S McDade
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - E Scanlon
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - M Loughrey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - H Coleman
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - C McCann
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - K McLaughlin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Z Nemeth
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - N Syed
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Qatar
| | - P Jithesh
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Qatar
| | - K Arthur
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - R Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - V Coyle
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - D McArt
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - P Nuciforo
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Jimenez
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Argiles
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Dienstmann
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Tabernero
- University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - E Mini
- University of Florence, Italy
| | - K Sheahan
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin
| | - E Ryan
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin
| | - P G Johnston
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - S Van Schaeybroeck
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - M Lawler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - D B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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Khawaja H, O'Reilly P, McArt D, Harrison T, Johnston P, Van Schaeybroeck S. RalB GTPase: A potential novel target for RAS mutant colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx390.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wilson R, Middleton M, Houlden J, Van Schaeybroeck S, Rolfo C, Elez E, Taieb J, André T, Bardelli A, Laurent-Puig P, Tabernero J, Peeters M, Maughan T, Roberts C, Love S, Lawler M, Salto-Tellez M, Grayson M, Popovici V, Di Nicolantonio F. MErCuRIC1: A phase 1a study of MEK1/2 inhibitor PD-0325901 with cMET inhibitor crizotinib in patients with advanced solid tumours. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw370.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Majkut J, Sgobba M, Holohan C, Crawford N, Logan AE, Kerr E, Higgins CA, Redmond KL, Riley JS, Stasik I, Fennell DA, Van Schaeybroeck S, Haider S, Johnston PG, Haigh D, Longley DB. Differential affinity of FLIP and procaspase 8 for FADD's DED binding surfaces regulates DISC assembly. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3350. [PMID: 24577104 PMCID: PMC3942653 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Death receptor activation triggers recruitment of FADD, which via its death effector domain (DED) engages the DEDs of procaspase 8 and its inhibitor FLIP to form death-inducing signalling complexes (DISCs). The DEDs of FADD, FLIP and procaspase 8 interact with one another using two binding surfaces defined by α1/α4 and α2/α5 helices, respectively. Here we report that FLIP has preferential affinity for the α1/α4 surface of FADD, whereas procaspase 8 has preferential affinity for FADD's α2/α5 surface. These relative affinities contribute to FLIP being recruited to the DISC at comparable levels to procaspase 8 despite lower cellular expression. Additional studies, including assessment of DISC stoichiometry and functional assays, suggest that following death receptor recruitment, the FADD DED preferentially engages FLIP using its α1/α4 surface and procaspase 8 using its α2/α5 surface; these tripartite intermediates then interact via the α1/α4 surface of FLIP DED1 and the α2/α5 surface of procaspase 8 DED2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Majkut
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - M Sgobba
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
- Now at Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California
| | - C Holohan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - N Crawford
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - A E Logan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - E Kerr
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - C A Higgins
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - K L Redmond
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - J S Riley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - I Stasik
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - D A Fennell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
- Now at Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, UK
| | - S Van Schaeybroeck
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - S Haider
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
- Now at School of Pharmacy, University College London
| | - P G Johnston
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - D Haigh
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - D B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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Riley JS, Hutchinson R, McArt DG, Crawford N, Holohan C, Paul I, Van Schaeybroeck S, Salto-Tellez M, Johnston PG, Fennell DA, Gately K, O'Byrne K, Cummins R, Kay E, Hamilton P, Stasik I, Longley DB. Prognostic and therapeutic relevance of FLIP and procaspase-8 overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e951. [PMID: 24309938 PMCID: PMC3877552 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma remains by far the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Overexpression of FLIP, which blocks the extrinsic apoptotic pathway by inhibiting caspase-8 activation, has been identified in various cancers. We investigated FLIP and procaspase-8 expression in NSCLC and the effect of HDAC inhibitors on FLIP expression, activation of caspase-8 and drug resistance in NSCLC and normal lung cell line models. Immunohistochemical analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear FLIP and procaspase-8 protein expression was carried out using a novel digital pathology approach. Both FLIP and procaspase-8 were found to be significantly overexpressed in tumours, and importantly, high cytoplasmic expression of FLIP significantly correlated with shorter overall survival. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors targeting HDAC1-3 downregulated FLIP expression predominantly via post-transcriptional mechanisms, and this resulted in death receptor- and caspase-8-dependent apoptosis in NSCLC cells, but not normal lung cells. In addition, HDAC inhibitors synergized with TRAIL and cisplatin in NSCLC cells in a FLIP- and caspase-8-dependent manner. Thus, FLIP and procaspase-8 are overexpressed in NSCLC, and high cytoplasmic FLIP expression is indicative of poor prognosis. Targeting high FLIP expression using HDAC1–3 selective inhibitors such as entinostat to exploit high procaspase-8 expression in NSCLC has promising therapeutic potential, particularly when used in combination with TRAIL receptor-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Riley
- Drug Resistance Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Carroll D, Carson R, Van Schaeybroeck S, Johnston PG. Targeting mutant BRAF in colorectal cancer. BMC Proc 2013. [PMCID: PMC3582887 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-7-s1-o8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kerr E, Holohan C, McLaughlin KM, Majkut J, Dolan S, Redmond K, Riley J, McLaughlin K, Stasik I, Crudden M, Van Schaeybroeck S, Fenning C, O'Connor R, Kiely P, Sgobba M, Haigh D, Johnston PG, Longley DB. Identification of an acetylation-dependant Ku70/FLIP complex that regulates FLIP expression and HDAC inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1317-27. [PMID: 22322857 PMCID: PMC3392639 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
FLIP is a potential anti-cancer therapeutic target that inhibits apoptosis by blocking caspase 8 activation by death receptors. We report a novel interaction between FLIP and the DNA repair protein Ku70 that regulates FLIP protein stability by inhibiting its polyubiquitination. Furthermore, we found that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) enhances the acetylation of Ku70, thereby disrupting the FLIP/Ku70 complex and triggering FLIP polyubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Using in vitro and in vivo colorectal cancer models, we further demonstrated that SAHA-induced apoptosis is dependant on FLIP downregulation and caspase 8 activation. In addition, an HDAC6-specific inhibitor Tubacin recapitulated the effects of SAHA, suggesting that HDAC6 is a key regulator of Ku70 acetylation and FLIP protein stability. Thus, HDAC inhibitors with anti-HDAC6 activity act as efficient post-transcriptional suppressors of FLIP expression and may, therefore, effectively act as 'FLIP inhibitors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kerr
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - C Holohan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - K M McLaughlin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - J Majkut
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - S Dolan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - K Redmond
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - J Riley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - K McLaughlin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - I Stasik
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - M Crudden
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - S Van Schaeybroeck
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - C Fenning
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R O'Connor
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - P Kiely
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - M Sgobba
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - D Haigh
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - P G Johnston
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - D B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Crudden M, Dolan S, Van Schaeybroeck S, Johnston P, Longley D. 873 Acute STAT3 Activation in Colorectal Cancer Cells Following HDAC Inhibitor Treatment Results in Apoptosis Resistance. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Turkington RC, Allen WL, Stevenson L, Coyle V, Jithesh PV, Proutski I, Fenning C, Stewart G, Van Schaeybroeck S, Longley D, Johnston PG. Inhibition of FGFR4 increases oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in Kras wild-type and mutant colorectal cancer cells. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Van Schaeybroeck S, Allen WL, Dunne P, Jithesh P, Longley D, Johnston PG. Ephrins/eph as novel synthetic lethal targets in Kras-mutant colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Van Schaeybroeck S, Kyula J, Longley D, Johnston P. Oncogenic Kras-mediated resistance to chemotherapy via increased ADAM17 activity and ligand shedding in colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Campbell L, Van Schaeybroeck S, Kyula J, Eatock M, Johnston P. 492 POSTER Role of human epidermal receptor targeted therapies in chemo-sensitization of oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Stokesberry S, Van Schaeybroeck S, Kyula J, Allen W, Kelly D, Van Cutsem E, Longley D, Johnston P. 379 POSTER The role of Src-family kinases in the activation of the EGFR following chemotherapy. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
A 71-year-old woman developed a small bowel perforation due to cytomegalovirus infection. She did not taken any immunosuppressive medication and her cellular immunity was normal. Surgical resection and antiviral therapy with ganciclovir led to complete recovery. As far as we know, this paper reports the first case of small bowel perforation due to cytomegalovirus infection in a non-immunocompromised patient. Nevertheless the patient was known with diabetes mellitus. It should be emphasised that elderly patients have impaired immune defences and may be unsuspected hosts of opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Schaeybroeck
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
Investigating a recently developed Cushing Syndrome, we diagnosed in a 47-year-old woman an ectopic ACTH syndrome due to a metastatic carcinoid tumor, most likely a thymic carcinoid tumor. Combined therapy with sandostatin and nizoral and later on with sandostatin, metopirone and orimeten, was not able to suppress the hypercortisolism. A few weeks after surgical adrenalectomy, clinical deterioration ensued, culminating in the patient's death 7 months after diagnosis.
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