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Zakrzewicz A, Wilker S, Stumpf S, Petrie K, Padberg W, Janciauskiene S, Grau V. Potential protective role of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in transplanted organs. Pneumologie 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Siebers R, Fink B, Richter K, Wilker S, Küllmar M, Zukunft S, Aggarwal N, Zakrzewicz A, Padberg W, Janciauskiene S, Grau V. A soluble factor mediates alpha-1 antitrypsin-induced inhibition of ATP-induced IL-1β release by monocytic cells. Pneumologie 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Siebers R, Wilker S, Küllmar M, Aggarwal N, Zakrzewicz A, Padberg W, Janciauskiene S, Grau V. Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits ATP-induced release of IL-1β in human monocytes via a cholinergic pathway. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hiller S, Zakrzewicz A, Wilker S, Jurastow I, Hecker A, Kummer W, Padberg W, Grau V. β-NAD inhibits ATP-mediated interleukin-1β release. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zakrzewicz A, Wilker S, Janciauskiene S, Tikkanen R, Padberg W, Grau V. SLPI suppresses ATP-mediated release of IL-1β from human monocytes – evidence for a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Backhaus S, Wilker S, Zakrzewicz A, Küllmar M, Padberg W, Ruppert C, Grau V. Surfactant inhibits ATP-induced release of interleukin-1β in human monocytes. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wilker S, Pfeiffer A, Kolassa S, Elbert T, Lingenfelder B, Ovuga E, Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain D, Kolassa IT. The role of FKBP5 genotype in moderating long-term effectiveness of exposure-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e403. [PMID: 24959896 PMCID: PMC4080328 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure-based therapies are considered the state-of-the-art treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Yet, a substantial number of PTSD patients do not recover after therapy. In the light of the well-known gene × environment interactions on the risk for PTSD, research on individual genetic factors that influence treatment success is warranted. The gene encoding FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5), a co-chaperone of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), has been associated with stress reactivity and PTSD risk. As FKBP5 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1360780 has a putative functional role in the regulation of FKBP5 expression and GR sensitivity, we hypothesized that this polymorphism influences PTSD treatment success. We investigated the effects of FKBP5 rs1360780 genotype on Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) outcome, an exposure-based short-term therapy, in a sample of 43 survivors of the rebel war in Northern Uganda. PTSD symptom severity was assessed before and 4 and 10 months after treatment completion. At the 4-month follow-up, there were no genotype-dependent differences in therapy outcome. However, the FKBP5 genotype significantly moderated the long-term effectiveness of exposure-based psychotherapy. At the 10-month follow-up, carriers of the rs1360780 risk (T) allele were at increased risk of symptom relapse, whereas non-carriers showed continuous symptom reduction. This effect was reflected in a weaker treatment effect size (Cohen's D=1.23) in risk allele carriers compared with non-carriers (Cohen's D=3.72). Genetic factors involved in stress response regulation seem to not only influence PTSD risk but also responsiveness to psychotherapy and could hence represent valuable targets for accompanying medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wilker
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute for Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany,Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute for Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 47, Ulm 89069, Germany. E-mail:
| | - A Pfeiffer
- Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - S Kolassa
- SAP Switzerland AG, Tägerwilen, Switzerland
| | - T Elbert
- Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - B Lingenfelder
- Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - E Ovuga
- Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | | | - D de Quervain
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I-T Kolassa
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute for Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Schmitz J, Zakrzewicz A, Wilker S, Kuncová J, Padberg W, Grau V, Holler J. Differential expression of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY receptors 1/2 between rat lung and kidney allografts. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1315548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
It is still disputed in which anatomical compartments of allograft recipients T-cells proliferate. After experimental renal transplantation, host monocytes and lymphocytes accumulate in the lumina of graft blood vessels. In this study, we test the hypothesis that T lymphocytes proliferate in the vascular bed of the graft. Kidneys were transplanted in the Dark Agouti to Lewis rat strain combination, an established experimental model for acute rejection. Isogeneic transplantation was performed as a control. Cells in the S-phase of mitosis were detected in situ three days posttransplantation by pulse-labeling with BrdU and by immunohistochemical detection of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). More than 20% of all T-cells in the lumina of allograft blood vessels incorporated BrdU and approximately 30% of them expressed PCNA. In the blood vessels of isografts as well as in other organs of allograft recipients, only few BrdU(+) cells were detected. A majority of the BrdU(+) cells in graft blood vessels expressed CD8. In conclusion, we demonstrate that CD8(+) T lymphocytes proliferate in the lumina of the blood vessels of renal allografts during the onset of acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Grau
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jung
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Korom S, De Meester I, Maas E, Stein A, Wilker S, Jung F, Weimer R, Brendel MD, Ernst W, Friemann S, Linder R, Grimm H, Padberg W, Scharpé S, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Schwemmle K. CD26 expression and enzymatic activity in recipients of kidney allografts. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:1753-4. [PMID: 12176563 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Korom
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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Mazurek S, Grimm H, Wilker S, Leib S, Eigenbrodt E. Metabolic characteristics of different malignant cancer cell lines. Anticancer Res 1998; 18:3275-82. [PMID: 9858895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular AMP inhibits cell proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 whereas cell proliferation of the highly malignant Novikoff cell line is not affected. In medium with low glucose supply MDA-MB-453 cells grow well, Novikoff cells are slightly inhibited and MCF-7 cells are totally unable to grow. Isoelectric focusing revealed that a glyclytic enzyme complex exists in all three cell lines. In addition to the glycolytic enzymes, c-Raf-kinase, adenylate kinase, and nucleoside diphosphate kinase are also found within the complex. The differences in glucose in dependence of the three cell lines can be explained by the different constitutions of shuttle enzymes. MDA-MB-453 and Novikoff cells contain cytsolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase which is associated with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase within the glycolytic enzyme complex and which is responsible for the transport of cytoslic hydrogen in the mitochondria. MCF-7 and Novikoff cells contain the pI 7.8 form of malate dehydrogenase which couples glycolysis with glutaminolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mazurek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Endocrinology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Giessen, Germany.
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Mogul HR, Marshall M, Frey M, Burke HB, Wynn PS, Wilker S, Southern AL, Gambert SR. Insulin like growth factor-binding protein-1 as a marker for hyperinsulinemia in obese menopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81:4492-5. [PMID: 8954066 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.81.12.8954066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia, a manifestation of insulin resistance, precursor of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and the hallmark of Syndrome X was assessed in 27 obese post-menopausal women. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), which had been shown previously to correlate inversely with insulin in animal and human studies, was evaluated as a diagnostic marker for abnormal glucose stimulated area under the curve (AUC) insulin (defined a priori as > or = 100 microU/ml). We performed analysis of variance and logistic regression to assess IGFBP-1 and other study covariates, including body mass index, blood pressure, lipids and measures of glucose and insulin in hyperinsulinemic vs. normal women and evaluated performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy rates). The mean IGFBP-1 was 6.1 ng/ml (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.1 to 8.9) for the hyper-insulinemic women compared to 33.5 ng/ml (CI 15.8 to 51.2) for normal women (P = .0027). At a cutoff point of 15ng/ml, which was selected to correspond to the lower 95% confidence limit for the normal study population, IGFBP-1 was abnormal in all 13 women with hyperinsulinemia and 4 women with normal insulin levels (sensitivity 100%, specificity 69%; positive predictive value 76%, negative predictive value 100%, diagnostic accuracy rate 85%). Logistic regression models indicated that, of all study covariates, IGFBP-1 was the best predictor variable for AUC-insulin as a binary dependent variable. These results suggest that IGFBP-1 may be a simple serum marker for hyperinsulinemia in a subpopulation of obese menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Mogul
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595, USA.
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Grimm H, Tibell A, Norrlind B, Blecher C, Wilker S, Schwemmle K. Immunoregulation by parenteral lipids: impact of the n-3 to n-6 fatty acid ratio. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1994; 18:417-21. [PMID: 7815672 DOI: 10.1177/0148607194018005417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system is reported to be influenced by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, immunoregulation caused by intravenous fat emulsions with different n-3 to n-6 fatty acid ratios was studied in an in vivo model. METHODS Experimental rat heart allotransplantation served as a defined immunologic challenge. Twenty percent emulsions of safflower oil (n-3 to n-6 = 1:370), fish oil (n-3 to n-6 = 7.6:1), and soybean oil (n-3 to n-6 = 1:6.5), and a 1:1 mixture of safflower oil and fish oil (n-3 to n-6 = 1:2.1) were continuously infused (9 g of fat per kg of body weight per day) after transplantation until complete rejection. The prolongation of graft survival, an accepted parameter of immunosuppression, was assessed. Beyond that, cytokine release by mitogen-stimulated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from animals exsanguinated on day 4 after transplantation was evaluated. RESULTS The mean rejection time was 7.8 days in the sham-infused saline control group and 6.7 days in the safflower- and fish-oil-mixture group (oil control group). Continuous infusion of soybean oil prolonged the graft survival time to 10.4 days, fish oil to 12.3 days, and safflower oil to 13.3 days. PBMC alpha-tumor necrosis factor release was significantly reduced in the fish-oil group (51.9 +/- 13.0 pg/10(6) PBMCs vs 70.8 +/- 10.9 pg/10(6) PBMCs [controls], p < .004). Interleukin-6 release was diminished in both the fish-oil group (22.2 +/- 13.6 pg/10(6) PBMCs vs 40.7 +/- 8.3 pg/10(6) PBMCs [controls], p < .002) and the safflower-oil group (28.4 +/- 6.9 pg/10(6) PBMCs, p < .002). CONCLUSIONS The n-3 to n-6 fatty acid ratio determined the immunoregulatory potential of intravenous fat emulsions in vivo. Both n-3 and n-6 fatty acids were immunosuppressive when applied as the main polyunsaturated fatty acid sources. PBMC cytokine release was significantly reduced in these groups. The more balanced the n-3 to n-6 ratios, the less immunosuppressive the fat emulsion. There was no immunosuppressive effect at an n-3 to n-6 ratio of 1:2.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Grimm
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University of Giessen, Germany
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