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Sadeghi H, Tavoularis S. Computational analysis of gas–liquid flow in an idealised CANDU reactor header under conditions that are relevant to small-break loss-of-coolant and loss-of-flow accidents. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rohde M, Peeters JWR, Pucciarelli A, Kiss A, Rao YF, Onder EN, Muehlbauer P, Batta A, Hartig M, Chatoorgoon V, Thiele R, Chang D, Tavoularis S, Novog D, McClure D, Gradecka M, Takase K. A Blind, Numerical Benchmark Study on Supercritical Water Heat Transfer Experiments in a 7-Rod Bundle. Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4031949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heat transfer in supercritical water reactors (SCWRs) shows a complex behavior, especially when the temperatures of the water are near the pseudocritical value. For example, a significant deterioration of heat transfer may occur, resulting in unacceptably high cladding temperatures. The underlying physics and thermodynamics behind this behavior are not well understood yet. To assist the worldwide development in SCWRs, it is therefore of paramount importance to assess the limits and capabilities of currently available models, despite the fact that most of these models were not meant to describe supercritical heat transfer (SCHT). For this reason, the Gen-IV International Forum initiated the present blind, numerical benchmark, primarily aiming to show the predictive ability of currently available models when applied to a real-life application with flow conditions that resemble those of an SCWR. This paper describes the outcomes of ten independent numerical investigations and their comparison with wall temperatures measured at different positions in a 7-rod bundle with spacer grids in a supercritical water test facility at JAEA. The wall temperatures were not known beforehand to guarantee the blindness of the study. A number of models have been used, ranging from a one-dimensional (1-D) analytical approach with heat transfer correlations to a RANS simulation with the SST turbulence model on a mesh consisting of 62 million cells. None of the numerical simulations accurately predicted the wall temperature for the test case in which deterioration of heat transfer occurred. Furthermore, the predictive capabilities of the subchannel analysis were found to be comparable to those of more laborious approaches. It has been concluded that predictions of SCHT in rod bundles with the help of currently available numerical tools and models should be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rohde
- Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, Delft 2629 JB, The Netherlands e-mail:
| | - J. W. R. Peeters
- Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, Delft 2629 JB, The Netherlands
| | - A. Pucciarelli
- University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Kiss
- BME NTI, Muegyetem rkp. 9 R bld. 317/7a, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Y. F. Rao
- CNL, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - E. N. Onder
- CNL, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - P. Muehlbauer
- Research Centre Rez Ltd., Hlavní 130, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A. Batta
- KIT-IKET, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - M. Hartig
- KIT-IKET, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - V. Chatoorgoon
- University of Manitoba, 75A Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - R. Thiele
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - D. Chang
- University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
| | - S. Tavoularis
- University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
| | - D. Novog
- McMaster University, Somestreet 1, Hamilton, ON 333AS, Canada
| | - D. McClure
- McMaster University, Somestreet 1, Hamilton, ON 333AS, Canada
| | - M. Gradecka
- Warsaw University of Technology, ul. nowowiejska 21/25, Warsaw 00665, Poland
| | - K. Takase
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka Ibaraki, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
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Zahlan H, Groeneveld D, Tavoularis S. Measurements of convective heat transfer to vertical upward flows of CO2 in circular tubes at near-critical and supercritical pressures. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zahlan H, Tavoularis S, Groeneveld D. A look-up table for trans-critical heat transfer in water-cooled tubes. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hollenbach JA, Augusto DG, Alaez C, Bubnova L, Fae I, Fischer G, Gonzalez-Galarza FF, Gorodezky C, Karabon L, Kusnierczyk P, Noble J, Rickards O, Roberts C, Schaffer M, Shi L, Tavoularis S, Trachtenberg E, Yao Y, Middleton D. 16(th) IHIW: population global distribution of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and ligands. Int J Immunogenet 2012; 40:39-45. [PMID: 23280119 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last fifteen years, published reports have described KIR gene-content frequency distributions in more than 120 populations worldwide. However, there have been limited studies examining these data in aggregate to detect overall patterns of variation at regional and global levels. Here, we present a summary of the collection of KIR gene-content data for 105 worldwide populations collected as part of the 15th and 16th International Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Workshops, and preliminary results for data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hollenbach
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
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Hollenbach JA, Meenagh A, Sleator C, Alaez C, Bengoche M, Canossi A, Contreras G, Creary L, Evseeva I, Gorodezky C, Hardie RA, Karlsen TH, Lie B, Luo M, Martinetti M, Navarette C, de Oliveira DCM, Ozzella G, Pasi A, Pavlova E, Pinto S, Porto LC, Santos P, Slavcev A, Srinak D, Tavoularis S, Tonks S, Trachtenberg E, Vejbaesya S, Middleton D. Report from the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) anthropology component of the 15th International Histocompatibility Workshop: worldwide variation in the KIR loci and further evidence for the co-evolution of KIR and HLA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 76:9-17. [PMID: 20331834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) anthropology component of the 15th International Histocompatibility Workshop (IHIWS) sought to explore worldwide population variation in the KIR loci, and to examine the relationship between KIR genes and their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands. Fifteen laboratories submitted KIR genotype and HLA ligand data in 27 populations from six broad ethnic groups. Data were analyzed for correlations between the frequencies of KIR and their known HLA ligands. In addition, allelic typing was performed for KIR2DL2 and 3DL1 in a subset of populations. Strong and significant correlations were observed between KIR2DL2, 2DL3 genotype frequencies and the frequency of their ligand, HLA-C1. In contrast, only weak associations were seen for 3DL1, 3DS1 and the HLA-Bw4 ligand. Although some aspects of the correlations observed here differ from those reported in other populations, these data provide additional evidence of linked evolutionary histories for some KIR and HLA loci. Investigation of allele-level variation for the B haplotype locus KIR 2DL2 showed that two alleles, *001 and *003, predominate in all populations in this study. Much more allelic variation was observed for the A haplotype locus 3DL1, with several alleles observed at moderate frequencies and extensive variation observed between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hollenbach
- Center for Genetics, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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Middleton D, Gonzalez F, Fernandez-Vina M, Tiercy JM, Marsh SGE, Aubrey M, Bicalho MG, Canossi A, Carter V, Cate S, Guerini FR, Loiseau P, Martinetti M, Moraes ME, Morales V, Perasaari J, Setterholm M, Sprague M, Tavoularis S, Torres M, Vidal S, Witt C, Wohlwend G, Yang KL. A bioinformatics approach to ascertaining the rarity of HLA alleles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 74:480-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tavoularis S, Ribeiro E, Ellott H, Philippe J, Goldman M. 155-P: Large-scale HLA genotyping using buccal swab collection method. Hum Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tavoularis S, Ribeiro E, Hogan H, Sayer D. 70-P: Identification of two novel DRB1 alleles. Hum Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chang D, Tavoularis S. Simulations of turbulence, heat transfer and mixing across narrow gaps between rod-bundle subchannels. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Baratto F, Bailey S, Tavoularis S. Measurements of frequencies and spatial correlations of coherent structures in rod bundle flows. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Couture C, Demone J, Campbell B, Tavoularis S. Comparison of HLA-B DNA typing to serology in unrelated marrow donors. Hum Immunol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Three novel human leukocyte antigen class II alleles (DRB3*0110, DRB1*1140, and DRB1*140102) are described here. The three novel alleles were initially detected as previously unidentified SSO hybridization patterns using CANTYPE((R)) reverse hybridization assay. Sequences were determined by cloning/sequencing. DRB3*0110 allele is identical to DRB3*010101, except for a single nucleotide substitution (CGC-->AGC) changing codon 39 from Arg to Ser. This polymorphism has not, until now, been identified in DRB allele. Thus, this is an unusual mutation as the codon 39 is a fairly conserved region. The new DRB1*1140 is identical to DRB1*1116, except for a single nucleotide substitution at codon 67 from ATC (encoding for isoleucine) to TTC (encoding for phenylalanine). This polymorphism is commonly found in DRB1*11 alleles. Compared with DRB1*140101, DRB1*140102 contains a single silent nucleotide substitution (TAT-->TAC, both encoding for tyrosine) at codon 78. This polymorphism is commonly found in DRB1*14 alleles. The three new DRB alleles may have been generated by a point mutation event. The DRB3*0110 and DRB1*140102 were identified in Caucasoid individuals. The ethnic origin of the subject carrying the DRB1*1140 allele is Egyptian. The DRB1*140102 was detected in two unrelated individuals; the DRB3*0110 and DRB1*1140 were only identified once, in a total population of 80,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tavoularis
- Head Office, Canadian Blood Services, 1800 Alta Vista Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J5.
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Tavoularis S, Scazzocchio C, Sophianopoulou V. Functional expression and cellular localization of a green fluorescent protein-tagged proline transporter in Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal Genet Biol 2001; 33:115-25. [PMID: 11456464 DOI: 10.1006/fgbi.2001.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The PrnB protein is a highly specific proline transporter that belongs to an amino acid transporter family conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In this work, we detected and analyzed the cellular localization of PrnB in vivo by means of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions. Several prnB-gfp gene fusions, driven by prnB native promoter sequences, were constructed and targeted to the genomic locus of a prnB null mutant. Chimeric proteins containing GFP fused to the C terminus of PrnB through a linker of two, four, or eight amino acids, with low potential to form secondary structure elements, were shown to be functional in vivo. A two-linker fusion results in partial complementation at both 25 and 37 degrees C. A four-linker fusion affords almost full complementation at 25 degrees C but partial complementation at 37 degrees C, whereas the eight-linker fusion results in partial complementation at both temperatures but in no GFP fluorescence. These results show that the number of linker amino acids is critical for the correct expression and/or translocation of PrnB-GFP fused proteins to the plasma membrane and for the fluorescence of the GFP. The expression of the four-linker PrnB-GFP transporter was detected and analyzed in vivo by both conventional fluorescence and confocal laser microscopy. This chimeric protein is localized in the plasma membrane, secondarily in large vacuoles found in the swollen conidial end of the germlings, and in other small intracellular structures observed as fluorescent granules. A strong correlation between known patterns of PrnB expression and intensity of PrnB-GFP fluorescence was observed. This work also demonstrates that the GFP fusion technology is a unique tool with which to study the expression and cellular localization of low-abundance transmembrane transporters expressed from their native promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tavoularis
- Institute of Biology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos (NCSRD), Aghia Paraskevi 153 10, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Three novel DRB3* alleles were identified using CANTYPE reverse hybridization assay. The initial unusual hybridization patterns of DRB3-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA from each subject were confirmed by cloning and sequencing analysis. DRB3*0106 allele is identical to DRB3*0101 except for a single nucleotide substitution (CTG-->GTG) changing codon 38 from Leu to Val. This polymorphism is commonly found in DRB3*03 alleles. Compared with DRB3*0202, DRB3*02022 contains a single silent nucleotide substitution (AAT-->AAC, both encoding for Asn) at codon 77. This polymorphism is also present in DRB3*0204 allele. The new DRB3*0107 allele has a sequence unique to DRB3 alleles. From codon 5 to codon 36 the sequence is identical to that of DRB3*0101 allele. From codon 37 to codon 87 the sequence of DRB1*0107 allele is identical to that of DRB3*0202. This sequence would thus explain the CANTYPE(R) DRB3-specific unusual pattern of reactions. The new DRB3*0107 could have arisen from a gene conversion between DRB3*0101 and DRB3*0202 alleles, but the DRB3*0106 and the DRB3*02022 may have been generated by a point mutation event. The DRB3*0107 allele was identified in a Caucasoid individual. The ethnic origin of the subjects carrying the other two alleles are unknown. The three alleles presented here were only identified once, in a total population of 49,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tavoularis
- Head Office, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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