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Knoedler S, Matar DY, Knoedler L, Obed D, Haug V, Gorski SM, Kim BS, Kauke-Navarro M, Kneser U, Panayi AC, Orgill DP, Hundeshagen G. Association of age with perioperative morbidity among patients undergoing surgical management of minor burns. Front Surg 2023; 10:1131293. [PMID: 36923377 PMCID: PMC10008887 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1131293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Burn injuries are associated with significant morbidity, often necessitating surgical management. Older patients are more prone to burns and more vulnerable to complications following major burns. While the relationship between senescence and major burns has already been thoroughly investigated, the role of age in minor burns remains unclear. To better understand differences between elderly and younger patients with predominantly minor burns, we analyzed a multi-institutional database. Methods We reviewed the 2008-2020 ACS-NSQIP database to identify patients who had suffered burns according to ICD coding and underwent initial burn surgery. Results We found 460 patients, of which 283 (62%) were male and 177 (38%) were female. The mean age of the study cohort was 46 ± 17 years, with nearly one-fourth (n = 108; 23%) of all patients being aged ≥60 years. While the majority (n = 293; 64%) suffered from third-degree burns, 22% (n = 99) and 15% (n = 68) were diagnosed with second-degree burns and unspecified burns, respectively. An average operation time of 46 min, a low mortality rate of 0.2% (n = 1), a short mean length of hospital stay (1 day), and an equal distribution of in- and outpatient care (51%, n = 234 and 49%, n = 226, respectively) indicated that the vast majority of patients suffered from minor burns. Patients aged ≥60 years showed a significantly prolonged length of hospital stay (p<0.0001) and were significantly more prone to non-home discharge (p<0.0001). In univariate analysis, advanced age was found to be a predictor of surgical complications (p = 0.001) and medical complications (p = 0.0007). Elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen (p>0.0001), creatinine (p>0.0001), white blood cell count (p=0.02), partial thromboplastin time (p = 0.004), and lower levels of albumin (p = 0.0009) and hematocrit (p>0.0001) were identified as risk factors for the occurrence of any complication. Further, complications were more frequent among patients with lower body burns. Discussion In conclusion, patients ≥60 years undergoing surgery for predominantly minor burns experienced significantly more complications. Minor lower body burns correlated with worse outcomes and a higher incidence of adverse events. Decreased levels of serum albumin and hematocrit and elevated values of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, white blood count, and partial thromboplastin time were identified as predictive risk factors for complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dany Y Matar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Doha Obed
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valentin Haug
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sabina M Gorski
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Bong-Sung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gabriel Hundeshagen
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Gorski SM, Dong C, Krieg AH, Haug M. Vascularized Bone Graft Reconstruction Following Bone Tumor Resection at a Multidisciplinary Sarcoma Center: Outcome Analysis. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:5015-5023. [PMID: 34593450 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Limb-sparing procedures are frequently applied to improve patient outcomes. The use of vascularized bone grafts is associated with significant improvements in oncologic safety and functional satisfaction. This study highlights the clinical outcomes following tumor resection combined with vascularized bone graft reconstructions. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five free vascularized bone grafts (17 fibulas, 5 iliac crests, 3 medial femoral condyles) were assessed with respect to consolidation and hypertrophy, functional and oncologic outcomes, and local complications. RESULTS The rate of healing of fibular grafts after a median of 5 months was 86%. The rate of achieved unions of iliac crest grafts after a median of 5 months was 80%. In medial femoral condyle bone grafts, union occurred after a median of 4 months. Significant hypertrophy was observed in 13 patients. We identified six complications with highest rates in the fibula-group. Despite the high complications, functional results were highly satisfactory. CONCLUSION Vascularized bone grafts represent a reconstructive approach, maintaining long-term functionality and cosmetic satisfaction without compromising tumor recurrence outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina M Gorski
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, University Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland; .,Departement of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chao Dong
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, University Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Center (KWUB), University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas H Krieg
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, University Children's Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Center (KWUB), University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Haug
- Departement of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Center (KWUB), University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Bosc D, Vezenkov L, Bortnik S, An J, Xu J, Choutka C, Hannigan AM, Kovacic S, Loo S, Clark PGK, Chen G, Guay-Ross RN, Yang K, Dragowska WH, Zhang F, Go NE, Leung A, Honson NS, Pfeifer TA, Gleave M, Bally M, Jones SJ, Gorski SM, Young RN. A new quinoline-based chemical probe inhibits the autophagy-related cysteine protease ATG4B. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11653. [PMID: 30076329 PMCID: PMC6076261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cysteine protease ATG4B is a key component of the autophagy machinery, acting to proteolytically prime and recycle its substrate MAP1LC3B. The roles of ATG4B in cancer and other diseases appear to be context dependent but are still not well understood. To help further explore ATG4B functions and potential therapeutic applications, we employed a chemical biology approach to identify ATG4B inhibitors. Here, we describe the discovery of 4-28, a styrylquinoline identified by a combined computational modeling, in silico screening, high content cell-based screening and biochemical assay approach. A structure-activity relationship study led to the development of a more stable and potent compound LV-320. We demonstrated that LV-320 inhibits ATG4B enzymatic activity, blocks autophagic flux in cells, and is stable, non-toxic and active in vivo. These findings suggest that LV-320 will serve as a relevant chemical tool to study the various roles of ATG4B in cancer and other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bosc
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177 Drugs & Molecules for Living Systems, Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - L Vezenkov
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - S Bortnik
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J An
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - J Xu
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - C Choutka
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - A M Hannigan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - S Kovacic
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - S Loo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - P G K Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - G Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - R N Guay-Ross
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - K Yang
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - W H Dragowska
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - F Zhang
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - N E Go
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - A Leung
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - N S Honson
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, 2405 Wesbrook Mall - 4th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - T A Pfeifer
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, 2405 Wesbrook Mall - 4th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - M Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - M Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - S J Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - S M Gorski
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada.
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - R N Young
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Tanenbaum SB, Gorski SM, Rusconi JC, Cagan RL. A screen for dominant modifiers of the irreC-rst cell death phenotype in the developing Drosophila retina. Genetics 2000; 156:205-17. [PMID: 10978286 PMCID: PMC1461222 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/156.1.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) in the Drosophila retina requires activity of the irregular chiasmC-roughest (irreC-rst) gene. Loss-of-function mutations in irreC-rst block PCD during retinal development and lead to a rough eye phenotype in the adult. To identify genes that interact with irreC-rst and may be involved in PCD, we conducted a genetic screen for dominant enhancers and suppressors of the adult rough eye phenotype. We screened 150,000 mutagenized flies and recovered 170 dominant modifiers that localized primarily to the second and third chromosomes. At least two allelic groups correspond to previously identified death regulators, Delta and dRas1. Examination of retinae from homozygous viable mutants indicated two major phenotypic classes. One class exhibited pleiotropic defects while the other class exhibited defects specific to the cell population that normally undergoes PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Tanenbaum
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Nowotny P, Gorski SM, Han SW, Philips K, Ray WJ, Nowotny V, Jones CJ, Clark RF, Cagan RL, Goate AM. Posttranslational modification and plasma membrane localization of the Drosophila melanogaster presenilin. Mol Cell Neurosci 2000; 15:88-98. [PMID: 10662508 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.1999.0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in two genes, presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2, are linked to early onset cases of familial Alzheimer's disease. The presenilins are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by directly or indirectly affecting the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein. They have also been implicated in the proteolytic processing of Notch. In PS1-deficient mammalian cells, the proteolytic release of the Notch intracellular domain is reduced. Likewise, loss-of-function mutations in Drosophila presenilin (Psn) prevent the production of the intracellular Notch signaling fragment and lead to phenotypes resembling Notch mutants. Here we characterize the Drosophila Psn protein and demonstrate that it undergoes a proteolytic cleavage. We describe Psn expression at different developmental stages of the fly and show Psn localization near both apical and basal plasma membranes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that portions of the Psn protein span the plasma membrane in S2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nowotny
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Institute for Biomedical Computing, Washington University School of Medicine, 4559 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
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Abstract
The spatial and temporal expression of seven Drosophila protein tyrosine phosphatase genes during oogenesis was examined by whole mount in-situ hybridization of antisense RNA probes to ovaries. Our observations indicate diverse expression patterns consistent with multiple roles for protein tyrosine phosphatases in the ovary. DPTP99A and corkscrew transcripts are expressed in follicle cells, consistent with possible roles in the EGF receptor signaling pathway. Transcripts from corkscrew and DPTP10D are detected in the germline during oogenesis and localized to the oocyte during egg chamber development. Localization of the two transcripts is disrupted by mutations in egalitarian and Bicaudal D. DLAR and DPTP4E transcripts are found in the germline during the same developmental stages as DPTP10D transcripts, but their transcripts are not localized to the oocyte. DPTP61F transcription is detected only after stage 6 of oogenesis. After stage 10B these transcripts are transported to the oocyte; thus ovarian transcription of DPTP61F may reflect a maternal contribution of the mRNA for later use during embryogenesis. DPTP69D transcripts are sequestered in the nucleus from stage 7 to stage 10, and then released to the cytoplasm. Our observations suggest that the export of DPTP69D mRNA from the nucleus is temporally regulated during oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Fitzpatrick
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Gorski SM, Adams KJ, Birch PH, Chodirker BN, Greenberg CR, Goodfellow PJ. Linkage analysis of X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia in Manitoba Mennonite and British Columbia Native kindreds. Hum Genet 1994; 94:141-8. [PMID: 8045560 DOI: 10.1007/bf00202859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A locus (CPX) responsible for X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia was previously mapped to the proximal long arm of the X chromosome through DNA marker linkage studies in two large kindred: an Icelandic family and a British Columbia (B.C.) Native family. In this study, additional linkage analyses have been performed in the B.C. family and in a newly identified Manitoba Mennonite family with X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia. The Manitoba CPX locus maps to the same region as Icelandic and B.C. CPX. Two-point disease-to-marker linkage analyses in the Manitoba family indicate a maximum lod score (Zmax) between CPX and DXS349 (Zmax = 3.33 at theta = 0.0). In multipoint linkage analysis, combined data from the B.C. and Manitoba families suggest that the most likely location for CPX is at DXS447 in Xq21.1 (multipoint Z = 13.5). The support interval for CPX at DXS447 extends approximately from PGK1 to DXYS1 and includes a newly isolated polymorphic locus DXS1109.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Gorski
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Gorski SM, Adams KJ, Birch PH, Friedman JM, Goodfellow PJ. The gene responsible for X-linked cleft palate (CPX) in a British Columbia native kindred is localized between PGK1 and DXYS1. Am J Hum Genet 1992; 50:1129-36. [PMID: 1570839 PMCID: PMC1682621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human craniofacial malformations are a class of common congenital anomalies in which the etiology is heterogeneous and often poorly understood. To better delineate the molecular basis of craniofacial development, we have undertaken a series of experiments directed toward the isolation of a gene involved in human secondary palate formation. DNA marker linkage studies have been performed in a large British Columbia (B.C.) Native family in which cleft palate segregates as an X-linked trait. We have examined 62 family members, including 15 affected males and 8 obligate carrier females. A previous clinical description of the clefting defect in this kindred included submucous cleft palate and bifid or absent uvula. Our recent reevaluation of the family has indicated that ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) is also a feature of X-linked cleft palate in some of the affected males and carrier females. Ankyloglossia has previously been associated with X-linked cleft palate in an Icelandic kindred in which a gene responsible for cleft palate (CPX) was assigned to the Xq21.3-q22 region between DXYS12 and DXS17. For the B.C. kindred reported here, we have mapped the gene responsible for cleft palate and/or ankyloglossia to a more proximal position on the X chromosome. No recombination was observed between B.C. CPX and the DNA marker DXS72 (peak lod score [Zmax] = 7.44 at recombination fraction [theta] = .0) localized to Xq21.1. Recombination was observed between CPX and PGK1 (Zmax = 7.35 at theta = .03) and between CPX and DXYS1 (Zmax = 5.59 at theta = .04). These recombination events localize B.C. CPX between PGK1 and DXYS1 in the Xq13-q21.31 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Gorski
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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