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Kästner SB, Amon T, Tünsmeyer J, Noll M, Söbbeler FJ, Laakso S, Saloranta L, Huhtinen M. Anaesthetic-sparing effect of the anxiolytic drug tasipimidine in Beagle dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:244-252. [PMID: 38555213 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of oral tasipimidine on dog handling, ease of catheter placement and propofol and isoflurane requirements for anaesthesia. STUDY DESIGN Placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded, experimental trial. ANIMALS A group of seven adult Beagle dogs weighing (mean ± standard deviation) 13.1 ± 2.7 kg with a mean age of 18.6 ± 1 months. METHODS The dogs underwent four treatments before induction of anaesthesia with propofol. PP: placebo orally (PO) 60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia followed by placebo (NaCl 0.9%) intravenously (IV). TP: tasipimidine 30 μg kg-1 (PO) 60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia followed by placebo (NaCl 0.9%) IV. TMP: tasipimidine 30 μg kg-1 PO 60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia followed by methadone 0.2 mg kg-1 IV. TMPD: tasipimidine 30 μg kg-1 PO 60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia followed by methadone 0.2 mg kg-1 and dexmedetomidine 1 μg kg-1 IV followed by a dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion of 1 μg kg-1 hour-1. Sedation, response to catheter placement, intubation quality, time to loss of consciousness, time to intubation, required dose of propofol and minimum alveolar isoflurane concentration preventing motor movement (MACNM) were determined. A mixed-model analysis or the Friedman and Mann-Whitney test were used; p-value < 0.05. RESULTS Response to catheter placement did not differ between treatments. Tasipimidine alone reduced the propofol dose by 30%. Addition of methadone or methadone and dexmedetomidine reduced the propofol dose by 48% and 50%, respectively. Isoflurane MACNM was reduced by 19% in tasipimidine-medicated dogs, whereas in combination with methadone or methadone and dexmedetomidine, isoflurane MACNM was reduced by 35%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE An anxiolytic dose of tasipimidine induced mild signs of sedation in dogs and reduced propofol and isoflurane requirements to induce and maintain anaesthesia, which needs to be considered in an anaesthetic plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Br Kästner
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Amon
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Tünsmeyer
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mike Noll
- Evidensia Small Animal Clinic, Norderstedt, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Söbbeler
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Kästner SB, Amon T, Tünsmeyer J, Noll M, Söbbeler FJ, Laakso S, Saloranta L, Huhtinen M. Effects of tasipimidine premedication with and without methadone and dexmedetomidine on cardiovascular variables during propofol-isoflurane anaesthesia in Beagle dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:253-265. [PMID: 38580536 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate cardiovascular effects of oral tasipimidine on propofol-isoflurane anaesthesia with or without methadone and dexmedetomidine at equianaesthetic levels. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, placebo-controlled, blinded, experimental trial. ANIMALS A group of seven adult Beagle dogs weighing (mean ± standard deviation) 12.4 ± 2.6 kg and a mean age of 20.6 ± 1 months. METHODS The dogs underwent four treatments 60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia with propofol. PP: placebo orally and placebo (NaCl 0.9%) intravenously (IV); TP: tasipimidine 30 μg kg-1 orally and placebo IV; TMP: tasipimidine 30 μg kg-1 orally and methadone 0.2 mg kg-1 IV; and TMPD: tasipimidine 30 μg kg-1 orally with methadone 0.2 mg kg-1 and dexmedetomidine 1 μg kg-1 IV followed by 1 μg kg-1 hour-1. Isoflurane in oxygen was maintained for 120 minutes at 1.2 individual minimum alveolar concentration preventing motor movement. Cardiac output (CO), tissue blood flow (tbf), tissue oxygen saturation (stO2) and relative haemoglobin content were determined. Arterial and mixed venous blood gases, arterial and pulmonary artery pressures and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline; 60 minutes after oral premedication; 5 minutes after IV premedication; 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after propofol injection; and 30 minutes after switching the vaporiser off. Data were analysed by two-way anova for repeated measures; p < 0.05. RESULTS Tasipimidine induced a significant 20-30% reduction in HR and CO with decreases in MAP (10-15%), tbf (40%) and stO2 (43%). Blood pressure and oxygenation variables were mainly influenced by propofol-isoflurane-oxygen anaesthesia, preceded by short-lived alterations related to IV methadone and dexmedetomidine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Tasipimidine induced mild to moderate cardiovascular depression. It can be incorporated into a common anaesthetic protocol without detrimental effects in healthy dogs, when anaesthetics are administered to effect and cardiorespiratory function is monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Br Kästner
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Amon
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Tünsmeyer
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mike Noll
- Evidensia, Small Animal Clinic, Norderstedt, Germany
| | | | - Sirpa Laakso
- Department of Research and Development, Orion Pharma, Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lasse Saloranta
- Department of Research and Development, Orion Pharma, Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mirja Huhtinen
- Department of Research and Development, Orion Pharma, Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland
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Wittenberg-Voges L, Delarocque J, Kästner SB, Schütter A. Cold stimulation is feasible and has limited aversiveness in healthy, pain-free dogs. Am J Vet Res 2024; 85:ajvr.23.07.0169. [PMID: 37931410 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.07.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the applicability and repeatability of cold stimulation in dogs. ANIMALS 10 healthy Beagle dogs were used in a blinded cross-over experiment. METHODS Measurements were performed in triplicate at 4 skin locations. The probe was manually placed, and temperature decreased (32 to 10 °C) at different cooling rates (0.5, 1, and 5 °C second-1) and latency was measured (11 °C for 60 seconds). Stimulations were discontinued when avoidance reactions were detected. Thermal threshold or time-to-reaction were recorded. Experiments were performed 3 times per animal in weeks 1 (Exp1), 2 (Exp2), and 5 (Exp3). Feasibility of cold stimulation was scored (0-5). Data were analyzed with mixed logistic regression. RESULTS No significant differences in number of avoidance reactions between cooling-rates were detected. Significantly more reactions (P < .001) were observed during Exp1 compared to Exp2 and Exp3. Thermal thresholds were 13 ± 2.6 °C, 17.7 ± 4 °C and 16.3 ± 4.6 °C for 5, 0.5 and 1 °C second-1, respectively. Latency to the reaction was determinable in 37% of measurements. The mean time-to-reaction was 13 ± 11 seconds. In 85% of measurements, a feasibility score of 0 (best feasibility) was assigned. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The method is easily applicable and well tolerated, but habituation could not be excluded. Overall, the aversiveness of cold stimulation in healthy dogs is limited and it is not possible to recommend a specific protocol. In future studies, it needs to be determined if the aversiveness of cold stimulation is increased in diseased dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Delarocque
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Br Kästner
- Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schütter
- Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
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La Rosa L, Twele L, Duchateau L, Gasthuys F, Kästner SB, Schauvliege S. The Antinociceptive Effect of Magnesium Sulphate Administered in the Epidural Space in Standing Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 123:104202. [PMID: 36592662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To study the antinociceptive properties of epidural magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) in standing horses Experimental, placebo-controlled, masked, cross-over A group of six healthy horses Through an epidural catheter, 1 mg kg -1 MgSO4 (treatment Mg) diluted to a volume of 15 mL or the same volume of saline (treatment S) was administered over 15 minutes. Electrical, thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were determined on the pelvic limb before and 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 minutes after the start of the injection. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory frequency (fR) were recorded every 10 minutes. Blood samples were collected before treatment and every 30 minutes throughout the study period. Data were assessed for normality using a Shapiro-Wilk test. A linear mixed model with horse as random effect and time, treatment and their interaction as fixed effects was used. Treatments were compared at 20, 60, 120 and 180 minutes using the Wilcoxon rank sum test stratified for horse (global α = 0.05, with Bonferroni correction α = 0.0125). Epidural MgSO4 caused a significant increase in the electrical threshold (mA) (P = .0001), but no significant differences in thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds. During the injection of MgSO4, two horses collapsed. One stood up within 20 minutes and was able to continue the study, the second one was excluded. A significant difference was found for HR at T180 (Mg 44 ± 23 beats minute-1; S 32 ± 9 beats minute-1) (P = .0090). Epidural administration of MgSO4 caused an increase in the electrical threshold of the pelvic limbs of horses. Caution is warranted however, as with the current dose, 2 horses collapsed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia La Rosa
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Lara Twele
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Gasthuys
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sabine Br Kästner
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stijn Schauvliege
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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La Rosa L, Twele L, Duchateau L, Gasthuys F, Kästner SB, Schauvliege S. Intravenous magnesium sulphate in standing horses: effects on physiological parameters, plasma concentration of magnesium and nociceptive threshold tests. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 118:104103. [PMID: 35964853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A bolus of 50 mg kg -1 MgSO4 (treatment Mg) or the same volume of saline (treatment S) was infused over 15 minutes in 5 adult healthy horses. T0 was the end of the infusion. Physiological parameters were recorded throughout the study period. Measurements of electrical, thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were performed at the pelvic limbs at baseline (before T0), and at specific timepoints. Blood samples were taken at fixed timepoints before, during and until 12 hours after the infusion. For statistical analysis, the 95% confidence intervals (CI's) for the differences in nociceptive thresholds between treatments were calculated. Physiological parameters were compared using a linear mixed model (global α = 0.05, with Bonferroni correction α = 0.0125). The concentrations of ions were also compared with baseline values at specific timepoints, using a linear mixed model. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was derived between the ion concentrations. The 95% CI's of thermal, mechanical and electrical thresholds were [-1; +2]°C, [0; +3] N and [-1; +1] mA (positive differences indicate higher thresholds for treatment Mg), respectively. Heart rate was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) and non-invasive systolic arterial pressure (p < 0.0001) and respiratory rate (p = 0.0002) significantly lower after treatment Mg compared to treatment S. Additionally, non-invasive systolic arterial pressure was significantly different at T45 (p < 0.001). Although mild changes in cardiovascular parameters and plasma concentrations were seen with intravenous administration of MgSO4, no changes in nociceptive thresholds were detected in standing non-sedated horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia La Rosa
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Lara Twele
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Biometrics Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Gasthuys
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sabine Br Kästner
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stijn Schauvliege
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Hopster K, Neudeck S, Wittenberg-Voges L, Kästner SB. The relationship between intestinal and oral mucosa microcirculation in anaesthetized horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 45:78-81. [PMID: 29223560 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare alteration in intestinal blood flow in anaesthetized horses with changes in oral mucosa blood flow. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized clinical study. ANIMALS Eight warmblood horses. METHODS After induction with guaifenesin and ketamine, anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane at 1.5 vol% in oxygen. The tissue blood flow was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry at the jejunum, colon, rectal mucosa, oesophageal mucosa and the oral mucosa. After three baseline measurements, blood flow was first increased by dobutamine infusion and thereafter decreased by increasing isoflurane concentration and all measurements repeated twice. anova was used for comparing the measured parameters to baseline and correlation between the different measurement localizations was examined using Pearson correlation (p < 0.05). RESULTS Microperfusion at all measurement sites increased significantly during dobutamine infusion and decreased significantly during high isoflurane concentration. There was a significant correlation between flow at the oral mucosa and flow at the jejunum (r2 = 0.77, p = 0.002), colon (r2 = 0.76, p < 0.001), rectal mucosa (r2 = 0.88, p < 0.001) and oesophageal mucosa (r2 = 0.83, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral mucosa blood flow can be used in isoflurane anaesthetized horses to reflect changes of intestinal microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Hopster
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stephan Neudeck
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Liza Wittenberg-Voges
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Br Kästner
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Wittenberg-Voges L, Kästner SB, Raekallio M, Vainio OM, Rohn K, Hopster K. Effect of dexmedetomidine and xylazine followed by MK-467 on gastrointestinal microperfusion in anaesthetized horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 45:165-174. [PMID: 29439859 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of MK-467 during isoflurane anaesthesia combined with xylazine or dexmedetomidine on global and gastrointestinal perfusion parameters. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized experimental trial. ANIMALS A total of 15 warmblood horses. METHODS Horses were divided into two groups for administration of either dexmedetomidine (D) or xylazine (X) for premedication (D: 3.5 μg kg-1; X: 0.5 mg kg-1) and as constant rate infusion during isoflurane anaesthesia (D: 7 μg kg-1 hour-1; X: 1 mg kg-1 hour-1). During anaesthesia, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and cardiac index (CI) were measured. Microperfusion of the colon, jejunum and stomach was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. After 2 hours of stabilization, MK-467 (250 μg kg-1) was administered, and measurements were continued for another 90 minutes. For statistical analysis, the permutation test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS There were no differences in baseline measurements between groups. The MK-467 bolus resulted in a significant decrease in MAP (D: -58%; X: -48%) and SVRI (D: -68%; X: -65%) lasting longer in group D (90 minutes) compared to group X (60 minutes). While CI increased (D: +31%; X: +35%), microperfusion was reduced in the colon (D: -44%; X: -34%), jejunum (D: -26%; X: -33%) and stomach (D: -37%; X: -35%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Alpha-2-agonist induced vasoconstriction was reversed by the MK-467 dose used, resulting in hypotension and rise in CI. Gastrointestinal microperfusion decreased, probably as a result of insufficient perfusion pressure. An infusion rate for MK-467 as well as an ideal agonist/antagonist ratio should be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Br Kästner
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Marja Raekallio
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi M Vainio
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karl Rohn
- Department of Biometry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Klaus Hopster
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Dancker C, Hopster K, Rohn K, Kästner SB. Effects of dobutamine, dopamine, phenylephrine and noradrenaline on systemic haemodynamics and intestinal perfusion in isoflurane anaesthetised horses. Equine Vet J 2017; 50:104-110. [PMID: 28710899 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the horse, effects of cardiovascular-active drugs on local perfusion of the gastrointestinal tract are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of drugs commonly used to support blood pressure, on local intestinal blood flow and tissue oxygenation under isoflurane anaesthesia. STUDY DESIGN In vivo randomised crossover experiment. METHODS Ten horses were anaesthetised with isoflurane. After 90 min of equilibration three doses (μg/kg bwt/min) of dobutamine (DOB 0.5/1/3), dopamine (DA 1/2/5), noradrenaline (NA 0.1/0.2/0.5) and phenylephrine (PHE 0.5/1/3) were infused for 15 min, in a randomised order, with a 45 min washout-period. Blood flow and tissue oxygenation (sO2 ) of jejunum, colon and stomach were measured using white light remission spectrophotometry and laser doppler flowmetry; heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO) were measured and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) calculated. RESULTS Compared to baseline high dose dobutamine significantly increased CO, HR, MAP (P<0.001) and blood flow to the jejunum (+47 ± 26%, P = 0.001) and colon (+29 ± 15%, P<0.001) (mean ± s.d.). Dopamine (DA5) increased CO but decreased colonic blood flow (-39 ± 21% from baseline, P<0.001), as well as SVR and MAP compared to baseline (P<0.001). Noradrenaline had no significant influence on intestinal perfusion, but increased MAP and SVR from baseline (P<0.001). Phenylephrine (PHE3) caused a significant decrease in blood flow and sO2 , most profoundly at the colon compared to baseline (flow -44 ± 21%; sO2 -16 ± 3%, P<0.001), while MAP and SVR increased and CO and HR decreased (P<0.001). MAIN LIMITATIONS The measurement technique only allows for flow measurements in arbitrary units, which can limit comparability to other techniques. CONCLUSION At the investigated doses dobutamine improved systemic and peripheral haemodynamics, while dopamine decreased MAP and peripheral perfusion. Noradrenaline increased MAP and SVR while peripheral blood flow was maintained, phenylephrine increased MAP, but reduced both local and systemic perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dancker
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Hopster
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Rohn
- Institute for Biometry and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - S B Kästner
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Tünsmeyer J, Hopster K, Feige K, Kästner SB. Agreement of high definition oscillometry with direct arterial blood pressure measurement at different blood pressure ranges in horses under general anaesthesia. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014; 42:286-91. [PMID: 25053371 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the agreement of high definition oscillometry (HDO) with direct arterial blood pressure measurements in normotensive, hypotensive and hypertensive horses during general anaesthesia. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Seven healthy warmblood horses, aged 3-11 years, weighing 470-565 kg. METHODS Measurements from a HDO device with the cuff placed around the base of the tail were compared with pressures measured invasively from the facial artery. High blood pressures were induced by intravenous (IV) administration of dobutamine (5 μg kg(-1) minute(-1)) over ten minutes followed by norepinephrine (0.1 mg kg(-1) IV) and low pressures by increasing the inspired fraction of isoflurane and administration of nitroglycerine (0.05 mg kg(-1) IV). For analysis three pressure levels were determined: high (MAP>110 mmHg), normal (60 mmHg<MAP<110 mmHg) and low (MAP< 60 mmHg). Bland-Altman analysis was used for comparison between non-invasive and invasive measurements. RESULTS A total of 245 paired measurements of systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) pressures were obtained. The HDO device underestimated blood pressure at hypertensive and normotensive levels and overestimated blood pressure at hypotensive levels. Best agreement was obtained for SAP and MAP within normotensive limits. At normotension, bias ± standard deviation for SAP, MAP and DAP were 0.1 ± 19.4 mmHg, 0.5 ± 14.0, 4.7 ± 15.6, respectively. At high pressure levels bias and SD were 26.1 ± 37.3 (SAP), 4.2 ± 19.4 (MAP), 1.5 ± 16.8 (DAP) and at low pressures -20.0 ± 20.9 (SAP), -11.4 ± 19.6 (MAP), -4.7 ± 20.1 (DAP), with HDO measurements at a MAP <50 mmHg often failing. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Good agreement with invasive arterial blood pressures was obtained with HDO at normotensive levels in horses. At high and low pressure ranges HDO was unreliable. Therefore, if haemodynamic instability is expected, invasive measurement remains preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tünsmeyer
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Oberle A, Theiss F, Bohner M, Müller J, Kästner SB, Frei C, Boecken I, Zlinszky K, Wunderlin S, Auer JA, von Rechenberg B. Untersuchungen über den klinischen Einsatz von Brushite- und Hydroxylapatit-Zement beim Schaf. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2012; 147:482-90. [PMID: 16315850 DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281.147.11.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
For future clinical use as synthetic bone replacement, an injectable brushite-(chronOS-Inject) and hydroxylapatite-(Biobon) cement were compared in a drill hole model in 10 sheep over time at 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 and 24 weeks. Results were compared regarding their practical use, biocompatibiliy, resorption mechanism and subsequent new bone formation. The cements were filled into drill holes (psi 8 x 13mm) of the proximal and distal humerus, and femur and the samples evaluated macroscopically, radiologically and microscopically including histomorphometrical quantification of percentages of new bone, fibrous tissue and remnants of cements. The cement area decreased continuously from 2 to 24 weeks with chronOS-Inject, as well as the area of granules. Inversely, the subsequent new bone formation increased from 2-24 weeks accordingly. With Biobon the cement area decreased slower between 2 and 24 weeks, and the new bone formation was less. Both cements were well integrated into the bone in long bones. chronOS-Inject demonstrated good biocompatibility and was almost completely replaced through bone within 24 weeks. Biobon was resorbed considerably slower and initially a slight inflammatory reaction including bone resorption was observed within the adjacent host bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oberle
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Pferdeklinik der Universität Zürich
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Schulte-Bahrenberg S, Hopster K, Kästner SB, Rohn K, Ohnesorge B. Influence on horse´s pulmonary function using a modified "Open-Lung-Concept"-Ventilation with different oxygen-concentration during general anaesthesia. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2011. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20110318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kästner SB, Von Rechenberg B, Keller K, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Comparison of medetomidine and dexmedetomidine as premedication in isoflurane anaesthesia for orthopaedic surgery in domestic sheep. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 2001; 48:231-41. [PMID: 11413983 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2001.00354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the potency of dexmedetomidine in relation to medetomidine in sheep undergoing orthopaedic surgery by comparing the anaesthetic requirements and cardiovascular changes at a dose relationship that represented equipotency in vitro. Twenty-four non-pregnant, female sheep were used. The study was carried out as a blind, randomized, experimental trial. Group 1 received 5 micrograms/kg bodyweight (BW) dexmedetomidine and group 2 received 10 micrograms/kg BW medetomidine intravenously 5 min prior to induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (2.0 mg/kg BW intravenously) and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. End expired anaesthetic concentration (FEIso), end expired carbon dioxide concentration (FECO2), respiratory frequency (fR), direct arterial blood pressures, heart rates (HR) and arterial blood gases were monitored. Data were averaged over time and tested for differences between groups by independent t-tests, and analysis of variance for repeated measures. Average FEIso concentrations required to maintain a surgical plane of anaesthesia were not different between groups (1: 1.02 +/- 0.04%; 2: 0.99 +/- 0.07%). There was no difference in HR, arterial blood pressures, fR, FECO2 and arterial blood gases between groups. Average mean PaO2 were 279.54 +/- 113.37 mmHg and 220.21 +/- 102.15 mmHg with individual minimum values of 27.2 mmHg and 58.5 mmHg in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In conclusion, intravenous dexmedetomidine at 5 micrograms/kg BW and medetomidine at 10 micrograms/kg BW have the same effects on isoflurane requirements and cardiopulmonary parameters in sheep, indicating an equipotent dose relationship. Both preparations induced moderate to severe hypoxaemia in individual sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Kästner
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Kästner SB, Marlin DJ, Roberts CA, Auer JA, Lekeux P. Comparison of the performance of linear resistance and ultrasonic pneumotachometers at rest and during lobeline-induced hyperpnoea. Res Vet Sci 2000; 68:153-9. [PMID: 10756133 DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.1999.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The performance of a Fleisch No. 5 pneumotachometer (F), and two commercial ultrasonic pneumotachometers, the BRDL (B) and the Spiroson (S) systems were compared in respect to their use for determination of ventilatory parameters at rest and during lobeline-induced hyperpnoea. Five clinically healthy Thoroughbred horses were tested with the three pneumotachometers in random order. Respiratory airflow, respired gas concentrations, oesophageal pressures, pressures within the mask systems and arterial blood gases were determined before and during lobeline-induced hyperpnoea. Because measured peak expiratory airflow rates exceeded the stated linear range of the Fleisch pneumotachometer ( approximately +/- 25 l s(-1)) differential pressure-flow curves were determined in vitro over the range of flows recorded in vivo. Expired flows greater than the linear range were corrected according to the derived regression equation. No differences in any of the measured variables among the three systems were present at rest. At peak ventilation of lobeline-induced hyperpnoea mask pressures [Delta P(mask)(mean (SEM)): F: 9.6 (2.8) cm H(2)O, B: 0.8 (0.4) cm H(2)O, S: 1.4 (0.8) cm H(2)O] and end tidal carbon dioxide [ ET CO(2)(mean (SEM)): F: 2. 6 (0.1)%, B: 2.1 (0.2)%, S: 2.1 (0.1)%] were significantly higher in system F. Despite a tendency for respiratory frequency and peak inspired and expired flows, to be lower with system F, no significant differences in the measurements of ventilatory mechanics were detected. In conclusion, the ultrasonic flowmeters pose significantly lower resistive loads onto the respiratory system during ventilation above resting levels than Fleisch No 5 pneumotachometers. However, at the flowrates achieved during lobeline-induced hyperpnoea an in vitro calibration of the differential pressure-flow relationship allows correction for expiratory alinearity in system F. In addition, the performance of the Spiroson flowmeter is accurate in determining ventilatory mechanics at rest and during lobeline-induced hyperpnoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Kästner
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
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Kästner SB, Haines DM, Archer J, Townsend HG. Investigations on the ability of clenbuterol hydrochloride to reduce clinical signs and inflammation associated with equine influenza A infection. Equine Vet J 1999; 31:160-8. [PMID: 10213429 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb03810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four Quarter Horse and Quarter Horse-cross yearlings were experimentally infected with influenza A virus (Influenza A/equine/Saskatoon/90 [H3N8]) by nebulisation. In a double blind controlled trial the horses were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 8 animals. Group 1 received a placebo, (carrier syrup), Group 2 the labelled dose and Group 3 twice the labelled dose of clenbuterol hydrochloride. All treatments were given per os b.i.d. for 10 days and started on the day of infection. The horses were monitored for clinical signs of influenza infection for 14 days. Bronchoalveolar lavages were performed 4 days prior to, and 5 and 13 days after infection. Cell counts and concentrations of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2alpha in the lavage fluid were determined. Blood samples for haematology and serology were taken 4 days before, on the day of infection, 5, 9 and 13 days after infection. All horses experienced a typical influenza infection with fever, coughing and secondary bacterial infections with mainly Actinobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. There was no statistically or clinically significant effect of treatment with clenbuterol hydrochloride on measured clinical or laboratory parameters within 14 days of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Kästner
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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