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Hussain SS, Degang X, Shah PM, Islam SU, Alam M, Khan IA, Awwad FA, Ismail EAA. Classification of Parkinson's Disease in Patch-Based MRI of Substantia Nigra. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2827. [PMID: 37685365 PMCID: PMC10486663 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurological disease that mostly shakes and compromises the motor system of the human brain. Patients with PD can face resting tremors, loss of balance, bradykinesia, and rigidity problems. Complex patterns of PD, i.e., with relevance to other neurological diseases and minor changes in brain structure, make the diagnosis of this disease a challenge and cause inaccuracy of about 25% in the diagnostics. The research community utilizes different machine learning techniques for diagnosis using handcrafted features. This paper proposes a computer-aided diagnostic system using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to diagnose PD. CNN is one of the most suitable models to extract and learn the essential features of a problem. The dataset is obtained from Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), which provides different datasets (benchmarks), such as T2-weighted MRI for PD and other healthy controls (HC). The mid slices are collected from each MRI. Further, these slices are registered for alignment. Since the PD can be found in substantia nigra (i.e., the midbrain), the midbrain region of the registered T2-weighted MRI slice is selected using the freehand region of interest technique with a 33 × 33 sized window. Several experiments have been carried out to ensure the validity of the CNN. The standard measures, such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve, are used to evaluate the proposed system. The evaluation results show that CNN provides better accuracy than machine learning techniques, such as naive Bayes, decision tree, support vector machine, and artificial neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xu Degang
- School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410010, China;
| | - Pir Masoom Shah
- Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda 24540, Pakistan; (P.M.S.); (I.A.K.)
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410010, China;
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Mahmood Alam
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410010, China;
| | - Izaz Ahmad Khan
- Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda 24540, Pakistan; (P.M.S.); (I.A.K.)
| | - Fuad A. Awwad
- Department of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (E.A.A.I.)
| | - Emad A. A. Ismail
- Department of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (E.A.A.I.)
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Shah PM, Ullah F, Shah D, Gani A, Maple C, Wang Y, Abrar M, Islam SU. Deep GRU-CNN Model for COVID-19 Detection From Chest X-Rays Data. IEEE Access 2022; 10:35094-35105. [PMID: 35582498 PMCID: PMC9088790 DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3077592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the current era, data is growing exponentially due to advancements in smart devices. Data scientists apply a variety of learning-based techniques to identify underlying patterns in the medical data to address various health-related issues. In this context, automated disease detection has now become a central concern in medical science. Such approaches can reduce the mortality rate through accurate and timely diagnosis. COVID-19 is a modern virus that has spread all over the world and is affecting millions of people. Many countries are facing a shortage of testing kits, vaccines, and other resources due to significant and rapid growth in cases. In order to accelerate the testing process, scientists around the world have sought to create novel methods for the detection of the virus. In this paper, we propose a hybrid deep learning model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) to detect the viral disease from chest X-rays (CXRs). In the proposed model, a CNN is used to extract features, and a GRU is used as a classifier. The model has been trained on 424 CXR images with 3 classes (COVID-19, Pneumonia, and Normal). The proposed model achieves encouraging results of 0.96, 0.96, and 0.95 in terms of precision, recall, and f1-score, respectively. These findings indicate how deep learning can significantly contribute to the early detection of COVID-19 in patients through the analysis of X-ray scans. Such indications can pave the way to mitigate the impact of the disease. We believe that this model can be an effective tool for medical practitioners for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pir Masoom Shah
- Department of Computer ScienceBacha Khan University Charsadda 24000 Pakistan
- School of Computer ScienceWuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Faizan Ullah
- Department of Computer ScienceBacha Khan University Charsadda 24000 Pakistan
| | - Dilawar Shah
- Department of Computer ScienceBacha Khan University Charsadda 24000 Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Gani
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversity of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
- Faculty of Computing and InformaticsUniversity Malaysia Sabah Labuan 88400 Malaysia
| | - Carsten Maple
- Secure Cyber Systems Research Group, WMGUniversity of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL U.K
- Alan Turing Institute London NW1 2DB U.K
| | - Yulin Wang
- School of Computer ScienceWuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Mohammad Abrar
- Department of Computer ScienceMohi-ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif 12080 Pakistan
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- Department of Computer ScienceInstitute of Space Technology Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
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Shah PM, Ullah F, Shah D, Gani A, Maple C, Wang Y, Abrar M, Islam SU. Deep GRU-CNN Model for COVID-19 Detection From Chest X-Rays Data. IEEE Access 2022; 10:35094-35105. [PMID: 35582498 DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3089454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the current era, data is growing exponentially due to advancements in smart devices. Data scientists apply a variety of learning-based techniques to identify underlying patterns in the medical data to address various health-related issues. In this context, automated disease detection has now become a central concern in medical science. Such approaches can reduce the mortality rate through accurate and timely diagnosis. COVID-19 is a modern virus that has spread all over the world and is affecting millions of people. Many countries are facing a shortage of testing kits, vaccines, and other resources due to significant and rapid growth in cases. In order to accelerate the testing process, scientists around the world have sought to create novel methods for the detection of the virus. In this paper, we propose a hybrid deep learning model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) to detect the viral disease from chest X-rays (CXRs). In the proposed model, a CNN is used to extract features, and a GRU is used as a classifier. The model has been trained on 424 CXR images with 3 classes (COVID-19, Pneumonia, and Normal). The proposed model achieves encouraging results of 0.96, 0.96, and 0.95 in terms of precision, recall, and f1-score, respectively. These findings indicate how deep learning can significantly contribute to the early detection of COVID-19 in patients through the analysis of X-ray scans. Such indications can pave the way to mitigate the impact of the disease. We believe that this model can be an effective tool for medical practitioners for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pir Masoom Shah
- Department of Computer ScienceBacha Khan University Charsadda 24000 Pakistan
- School of Computer ScienceWuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Faizan Ullah
- Department of Computer ScienceBacha Khan University Charsadda 24000 Pakistan
| | - Dilawar Shah
- Department of Computer ScienceBacha Khan University Charsadda 24000 Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Gani
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversity of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
- Faculty of Computing and InformaticsUniversity Malaysia Sabah Labuan 88400 Malaysia
| | - Carsten Maple
- Secure Cyber Systems Research Group, WMGUniversity of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL U.K
- Alan Turing Institute London NW1 2DB U.K
| | - Yulin Wang
- School of Computer ScienceWuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Mohammad Abrar
- Department of Computer ScienceMohi-ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif 12080 Pakistan
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- Department of Computer ScienceInstitute of Space Technology Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
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Awais M, Raza M, Singh N, Bashir K, Manzoor U, Islam SU, Rodrigues JJPC. LSTM-Based Emotion Detection Using Physiological Signals: IoT Framework for Healthcare and Distance Learning in COVID-19. IEEE Internet Things J 2021; 8:16863-16871. [PMID: 35582634 PMCID: PMC8864945 DOI: 10.1109/jiot.2020.3044031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Human emotions are strongly coupled with physical and mental health of any individual. While emotions exbibit complex physiological and biological phenomenon, yet studies reveal that physiological signals can be used as an indirect measure of emotions. In unprecedented circumstances alike the coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak, a remote Internet of Things (IoT) enabled solution, coupled with AI can interpret and communicate emotions to serve substantially in healthcare and related fields. This work proposes an integrated IoT framework that enables wireless communication of physiological signals to data processing hub where long short-term memory (LSTM)-based emotion recognition is performed. The proposed framework offers real-time communication and recognition of emotions that enables health monitoring and distance learning support amidst pandemics. In this study, the achieved results are very promising. In the proposed IoT protocols (TS-MAC and R-MAC), ultralow latency of 1 ms is achieved. R-MAC also offers improved reliability in comparison to state of the art. In addition, the proposed deep learning scheme offers high performance ([Formula: see text]-score) of 95%. The achieved results in communications and AI match the interdependency requirements of deep learning and IoT frameworks, thus ensuring the suitability of proposed work in distance learning, student engagement, healthcare, emotion support, and general wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais
- Department of Computer ScienceEdge Hill University Ormskirk L39 4QP U.K
| | - Mohsin Raza
- School of PsychologyUniversity of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT U.K
| | - Nishant Singh
- School of PsychologyUniversity of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT U.K
| | - Kiran Bashir
- Department of Computer ScienceVirtual University Lahore 55150 Pakistan
| | - Umar Manzoor
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Hull Hull HU6 7RX U.K
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- Department of Computer ScienceInstitute of Space Technology Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Joel J P C Rodrigues
- Post Graduate Program in Electrical EngineeringFederal University of Piauí Teresina 64049 Brazil
- Instituto de Telecomunicações 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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Choudhry N, Charlton C, Bodansky D, Ul Islam S, Doherty J, Liversedge G, Rathinam M, Sanchez-Ballester J. Performance of Advanced Nurse Practitioners in Minor Trauma Patients. J Nurse Pract 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arif M, Atta S, Bashir MA, Hussain A, Khan MI, Farooq S, Hannan A, Islam SU, Umar UUD, Khan M, Lin W, Hashem M, Alamri S, Wu Z. Molecular characterization and RSV Co-infection of Nicotiana benthamiana with three distinct begomoviruses. Methods 2020; 183:43-49. [PMID: 31759050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Geminiviruses constitute a family of plant viruses with characteristic twinned quasi-icosahedral virions and a small circular DNA genome. Geminiviruses, especially begomoviruses, cause substantial economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions globally. Geminiviruses use the host's transcriptional mechanisms to synthesize their mRNAs. They are considered as an attractive model to understand the transcription mechanism of their host plants. Experiments were conducted to identify transcriptional start sites (TSSs) of the three begomoviruses, i.e., Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV), Corchorus yellow vein virus (CoYVV), and Ramie mosaic virus (RamV). We first rub-inoculated Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV), a segmented negative-sense RNA virus that uses cap-snatching to produce capped viral mRNAs, into N. benthamiana. After the inoculation, RSV-infected N. benthamiana were super-infected by CoYVV, CLCuMuV, or RamV, respectively. The capped-RNA leaders snatched by RSV were obtained by determining the 5'-ends of RSV mRNA with high throughput sequencing. Afterwards, snatched capped-RNA leaders of RSV were mapped onto the genome of each begomovirus and those matching the begomoviral genome were considered to come from the 5' ends of assumed begomoviral mRNAs. In this way, TSSs of begomoviruses were obtained. After mapping these TSSs onto the genome of the respective begomovirus, it was found very commonly that a begomovirus can use many different TSSs to transcribe the same gene, producing many different mRNA isoforms containing the corresponding open reading frames (ORFs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab 32200, Pakistan; Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Sagheer Atta
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Bashir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab 32200, Pakistan
| | - Ansar Hussain
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ifnan Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab 32200, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Farooq
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63200, Turkey
| | - Abdul Hannan
- Department of Botany, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab 32200, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ummad Ud Din Umar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab 60800, Pakistan
| | - Mehran Khan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab 32200, Pakistan
| | - Wenzhong Lin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Assiut University, Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Saad Alamri
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zujian Wu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Qasim M, Islam SU, Islam W, Noman A, Khan KA, Hafeez M, Hussain D, Dash CK, Bamisile BS, Akutse KS, Rizwan M, Nisar MS, Jan S, Wang L. Characterization of mycotoxins from entomopathogenic fungi (Cordyceps fumosorosea) and their toxic effects to the development of asian citrus psyllid reared on healthy and diseased citrus plants. Toxicon 2020; 188:39-47. [PMID: 33058930 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) produce multiple mycotoxins, which play an essential role in improving fungal pathogenesis and virulence. To characterize various mycotoxins from the crude methanol extract of Cordyceps fumosorosea, a major EPF against various insect pests, we performed ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF MS) technique, and all compounds were identified through molecular mass and formulae. Bassianolide was assessed against the nymphs and adults of Diaphorina citri reared on healthy and Huánglóngbìng (HLB)-diseased Citrus spp. Plants under laboratory conditions. Overall, 17 compounds were identified from the fungal extract and categorized into three groups, i.e. (1) alkaloids (Isariotins A-C), (2) peptides (Bassianolide, Beauverolides, Beauvericin A, Isaridins and Destruxin E) and (3) polyketide (Tenuipyrone). The detected beauverolides (B, C, F, I, Ja) from C. fumosorosea were novel mycotoxins, and their detection intensity was the highest in the fungal extract. Furthermore, bassianolide caused more than 70% and 80% mortality of D. citri nymphs and adults after two days of application, respectively. After three days of chemical application, all nymphal and adult populations of D. citri were killed by bassianolide. However, the mortality rates of both populations, nymphs and adults, were higher on HLB-diseased plants as compared to healthy plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qasim
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Dilbar Hussain
- Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, 38850, Pakistan
| | - Chandra Kanta Dash
- Faculty of Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3300, Bangladesh
| | - Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- Department of Plant Health, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Saad Jan
- Department of Agriculture, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, 24420, Pakistan
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
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Islam SU, Arif M, Lin W, Islam W, Qasim M, Ali H, Ali H, Khan KA, Ghramh HA, Du Z, Wu Z. Molecular identification of seven new Zygopteran genera from South China through partial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
A sound knowledge of the elbow anatomy and biomechanics is critical to understanding the pathology of various elbow disorders and instigating appropriate management. The elbow joint is a trochoginglymoid joint: that is, it has flexion-extension [ginglymoid] motion at the ulnohumeral and radiocapitellar articulations and pronation and supination [trochoid] motion at the proximal radioulnar joint. Stability of the elbow joint is achieved through static and dynamic components. The aim of this article is to concisely describe the anatomy and biomechanics of the elbow joint relevant to the practice of trauma and orthopaedic surgeons.
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Reddy G, Ul Islam S, Chandran P, Attar F. Can the Surgical Approach to Total Knee Arthroplasty Influence Early Postoperative Outcomes? - A Comparative Study between Trivector and Medial Parapatellar Approaches. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2020; 10:25-29. [PMID: 32002382 PMCID: PMC6967342 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_176_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Trivector approach to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a quadriceps tendon sparing approach, whereas the medial parapatellar (MPP) approach involves making a longitudinal incision in quadriceps tendon. We postulated that quadriceps-sparing approach such as trivector should make postoperative rehabilitation easier and ultimately reduce the length of hospital stay. Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare the early postoperative outcomes of the TKA performed through the trivector and the MPP approaches. Methodology: We prospectively reviewed the results of 56 consecutive patients operated on by two knee surgeons: one routinely performs trivector and the other an MPP approach. Both the groups consisted of 28 patients each. We looked at operative times, the time taken to perform straight leg raise (SLR), range of movements achieved before discharge, and length of the hospital stay. Results: The mean time taken for performing the surgery through the MPP approach was 56 min, whereas, for the trivector approach, it was 54 min (P = 0.31). The mean time taken to perform SLR in the MPP approach group was 3.5 days, whereas in the trivector group, the meantime taken for SLR was 2.5 days (P = 0.003). The average extension at the time of discharge in the MPP group was 3.8°, and in the trivector group, it was 0.86° (P = 0.007). The average knee flexion at the time of discharge in the MPP group was 84.2°, whereas in the trivector group, it was 86.5° (P = 0.199). The average hospital stay in the MPP group was 5.96 days, whereas in the trivector group, it was 4.84 days (P = 0.11). Conclusions: The trivector approach patients took significantly less time to do SLR and achieved a better range of extension before discharge from the hospital. The patients with trivector approach were discharged early by one day, although it is not statistically significant, it is clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Reddy
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Prakash Chandran
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - Fahad Attar
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Surya P, Pankhania R, Ul Islam S. Suprascapular Neuropathy in Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review of Aetiology and Treatment Options. Open Orthop J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874325001913010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Suprascapular neuropathy is often overlooked as a cause for shoulder pain in overhead athletes and can be misdiagnosed for many months, even years. With recent advancements in the understanding of the condition as well as its treatment methods, suprascapular neuropathy is now being diagnosed more frequently. However with a multitude of treatment options, it can be difficult to choose the optimal management. In this systematic review, we have carried out a detailed literature search about suprascapular neuropathy looking into evidence-based diagnostic workup and treatment modalities available. Repetitive overhead activities, rotator cuff tear and direct compression of the nerve by space-occupying lesion are important etiologies for suprascapular neuropathy. Whilst MRI is widely used for the identification of space-occupying lesions and rotator cuff injury; Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) remain gold standards for confirming injury to the nerve. Conservative treatment modalities including physiotherapy and activity modification, nerve blocks, arthroscopic and open surgical interventions are the main treatment options for suprascapular neuropathy.
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Younus MU, Islam SU, Kim SW. Proposition and Real-Time Implementation of an Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for a Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19122739. [PMID: 31216728 PMCID: PMC6631970 DOI: 10.3390/s19122739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A wireless sensor network (WSN) has achieved significant importance in tracking different physical or environmental conditions using wireless sensor nodes. Such types of networks are used in various applications including smart cities, smart building, military target tracking and surveillance, natural disaster relief, and smart homes. However, the limited power capacity of sensor nodes is considered a major issue that hampers the performance of a WSN. A plethora of research has been conducted to reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes in traditional WSN, however the limited functional capability of such networks is the main constraint in designing sophisticated and dynamic solutions. Given this, software defined networking (SDN) has revolutionized traditional networks by providing a programmable and flexible framework. Therefore, SDN concepts can be utilized in designing energy-efficient WSN solutions. In this paper, we exploit SDN capabilities to conserve energy consumption in a traditional WSN. To achieve this, an energy-aware multihop routing protocol (named EASDN) is proposed for software defined wireless sensor network (SDWSN). The proposed protocol is evaluated in a real environment. For this purpose, a test bed is developed using Raspberry Pi. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits promising results in terms of network lifetime, average energy consumption, the packet delivery ratio, and average delay in comparison to an existing energy efficient routing protocol for SDWSN and a traditional source routing algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Younus
- Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- Department of Computer Science, Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Computer science and Information Technology, Rawalpindi 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38542, Korea.
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Bhatti F, Shah MA, Maple C, Islam SU. A Novel Internet of Things-Enabled Accident Detection and Reporting System for Smart City Environments. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19092071. [PMID: 31058879 PMCID: PMC6540187 DOI: 10.3390/s19092071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Internet of Things-enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are gaining significant attention in academic literature and industry, and are seen as a solution to enhancing road safety in smart cities. Due to the ever increasing number of vehicles, a significant rise in the number of road accidents has been observed. Vehicles embedded with a plethora of sensors enable us to not only monitor the current situation of the vehicle and its surroundings but also facilitates the detection of incidents. Significant research, for example, has been conducted on accident rescue, particularly on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for efficient and prompt rescue operations. The majority of such works provide sophisticated solutions that focus on reducing response times. However, such solutions can be expensive and are not available in all types of vehicles. Given this, we present a novel Internet of Things-based accident detection and reporting system for a smart city environment. The proposed approach aims to take advantage of advanced specifications of smartphones to design and develop a low-cost solution for enhanced transportation systems that is deployable in legacy vehicles. In this context, a customized Android application is developed to gather information regarding speed, gravitational force, pressure, sound, and location. The speed is a factor that is used to help improve the identification of accidents. It arises because of clear differences in environmental conditions (e.g., noise, deceleration rate) that arise in low speed collisions, versus higher speed collisions). The information acquired is further processed to detect road incidents. Furthermore, a navigation system is also developed to report the incident to the nearest hospital. The proposed approach is validated through simulations and comparison with a real data set of road accidents acquired from Road Safety Open Repository, and shows promising results in terms of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizzah Bhatti
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 44550, Pakistan.
| | - Munam Ali Shah
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 44550, Pakistan.
| | | | - Saif Ul Islam
- Department of Computer Science, Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Computer Science and Information Technology, Rawalpindi 47320, Pakistan.
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Arif M, Islam SU, Adnan M, Anwar M, Ali H, Wu Z. Recent progress on gene silencing/suppression by virus-derived small interfering RNAs in rice viruses especially Rice grassy stunt virus. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:210-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Islam SU, Qasim M, Ali H, Islam W, Arif M, Dash CK, Lin W, Du Z, Wu Z. Genetic diversity of the families Aeshnidae, Gomphidae and Libellulidae through COI gene from South China. Acta Trop 2018; 185:273-279. [PMID: 29890154 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult dragonflies (Anisoptera) were collected from different localities of South China covering eight provinces. Representative sequences were sixty-one, including 16 species, 11 genera and three families (Aeshnidae, Gomphidae and Libellulidae), under cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. After alignment of sequences by BioEdit v6, genetic interaction and divergence were computed by MEGA 7 whereas all the indices of genetic diversity were calculated by DnaSP v5 software. Phylogenetic trees were constructed through Neighbor-Joining method under Jukes-Cantor model, and all species of respective families were assembled with each other into individual groups. Maximum divergence was observed by Trithemis genus (18.69%), followed by Orthetrum genus (18.16%), whereas a minimum value of divergence was noted for Pantala genus (0.31%). On the other hand, maximum genetic diversity was recorded for Orthetrum genus up to 142 mutations, followed by Trithemis genus (126 mutations), while the minimum value (two mutations) was observed for Pantala genus. Genetic diversity for overall and Libellulidae family sequences was much higher, up to 404 mutations and 344 mutations, respectively. Current results suggest a high diversity of odonates in the South China region and results are valuable in gaining a total obligation of the diversity of Asian odonates and conservation measures of this insect group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Habib Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Waqar Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chandra Kanta Dash
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Faculty of Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Wenzhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zujian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Ibrahim EH, Kilany M, Ghramh HA, Khan KA, Ul Islam S. Cellular proliferation/cytotoxicity and antimicrobial potentials of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Juniperus procera. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:1689-1694. [PMID: 31762645 PMCID: PMC6864202 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Juniperus spp. are used as medicinal plants in many countries like Bosnia, Lebanon, and Turkey. In folk medicines, these plants have been used for treating skin and respiratory tract diseases, urinary problems, rheumatism and gall bladder stones. The objectives of this work were to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a coniferous tree, Juniperus procera leaf extract and testing the synthesized AgNPs for its antimicrobial potentials, hemolytic activity, toxicity and the proliferative effects against normal and activated rat splenic cells. Leaf extract was prepared using acetone and ethanol as solvents. AgNPs were prepared using the acetone extract. AgNPs were validated using UV–Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Functional groups in the extract were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. SEM images of AgNPs showed spherical and cubic shapes with a uniform size distribution with an average size of 30–90 nm. FT-IR spectroscopy showed the presence of many functional groups in the plant extract. AgNPs showed promising antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria and fungus. AgNPs also expressed a stimulating activity towards the rat splenic cells in a dose dependent manner. Acetone as solvent was safer on cells than ethanol. Green synthesized AgNPs using J. procera might be used as a broad-spectrum therapeutic agent against microorganisms and as an immunostimulant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam H Ibrahim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Kilany
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Dhahran Al Janoub, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Islam W, Lin W, Qasim M, Islam SU, Ali H, Adnan M, Arif M, Du Z, Wu Z. A nation-wide genetic survey revealed a complex population structure of Bemisia tabaci in Pakistan. Acta Trop 2018; 183:119-125. [PMID: 29653091 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a cryptic species complex distributed worldwide. In Pakistan, B. tabaci poses a serious threat to agriculture production. To understand its diversity in Pakistan, a large-scale sampling was conducted from various locations of all four provinces of the country and Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene sequencing was used to determine the whiteflies genetically. The study revealed the presence of five different cryptic species in Pakistan namely Asia II-1, Asia II-5, Asia II-7, Asia II-8 and MEAM-1, respectively. Among them, Asia II-1, which was previously reported from a few areas in the country, had been found now to be prevalent all over the country covering 88.7% of all the sequenced samples. Based on the mtCOI sequences and genetic distance analyses, the diversity of Asia II-1 was much greater than all other cryptic species, which exist only in small patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Govt. of Punjab, Agriculture Department, Lahore, Pakistan; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenzhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Habib Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhenguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zujian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Qasim M, Lin Y, Dash CK, Bamisile BS, Ravindran K, Islam SU, Ali H, Wang F, Wang L. Temperature-dependent development of Asian citrus psyllid on various hosts, and mortality by two strains of Isaria. Microb Pathog 2018; 119:109-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Islam SU, Qasim M, Lin W, Islam W, Arif M, Ali H, Du Z, Wu Z. Genetic interaction and diversity of the families Libellulidae and Gomphidae through COI gene from China and Pakistan. Acta Trop 2018; 182:92-99. [PMID: 29454732 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A total of 300 dragonflies (Odonata) were collected from six different localities of China and Pakistan. Sixty seven representative samples were selected to sequence their mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). An examination of the resultant sequences identified 21 different dragonfly species, belonging to 15 distinct genera, two families, Libellulidae and Gomphidae. Sequence alignment was executed using Clustal-W in BioEdit v6. The phylogenetic tree was constructed through Neighbor-joining method by using Jukes-Cantor model, and genetic divergence was calculated via Kimura 2-parameter using MEGA7, while Genetic diversity was calculated by DnaSP v5. The maximum genetic divergence was observed for Crocothemis servilia, at 20.49%, followed by Libellulidae sp. with 22.30% while minimum divergence (0.82%) was observed for Melligomphus ardens. Likewise, a significant genetic diversity was observed for all species. However, Crocothemis servilia species presented maximum value (176 mutations) followed by Libellulidae spp. (150 mutations), whereas minimum value (3 mutations) was observed by Orthetrum testaceum. Interestingly, the diversity of C. servilia, all of which are collected from a single location of China, is much higher than those from Pakistan, which were collected from 5 different places with a spatial distance exceeding 500 Kms. Our results are useful in gaining a full appreciation of the global diversity of dragonflies and the development of conservation measures of this insect.
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Islam SU, Lin W, Wu R, Lin C, Islam W, Arif M, Du Z, Wu Z. Complete genome sequences of three novel cycloviruses identified in a dragonfly (Odonata: Anisoptera) from China. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2569-2573. [PMID: 29774431 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Three cycloviruses (genus Cyclovirus, family Circoviridae) were recovered from a dragonfly (Odonata: Anisoptera) captured in Fuzhou, China. The three cycloviruses, named dragonfly associated cyclovirus 9, 10 and 11 (DfCyV-9, -10, -11), respectively, show 56.1-79.6% genome-wide identity to known cycloviruses and 61.6-65.1% among themselves. Thus, according to the current species demarcation criteria, they represent three novel cycloviruses. Notably, DfCyV-10 has a predicted replication-associated protein (Rep) that is most similar to that of bat associated cyclovirus 2 (BatACyV-2), a cyclovirus discovered in China, with 79.4% amino acid sequence identity, but a putative capsid protein (Cp) most similar to that of BatACyV-10, a cyclovirus discovered in Brazil, with 71.7% amino acid sequence identity. These data are useful for understanding the diversity and evolution of cycloviruses, especially those found in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenzhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Waqar Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhenguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zujian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Islam W, Lin W, Islam SU, Arif M, Li X, Yang Y, Ding X, Du Z, Wu Z. Genetic diversity of begomoviruses in Pakistan captured through a vector based survey. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:91-97. [PMID: 29548695 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Begomoviruses (Geminiviridea), transmitted by whiteflies, constitute one of the most dangerous groups of plant viruses posing a severe threat to economically important crops in tropical and sub-tropical areas. In this study, whiteflies were collected from various locations all over Pakistan. The begomoviruses carried by these whiteflies were detected by PCR with the degenerative primers pair AV94/Dep3. Analysis of the 177 sequences obtained in our study, revealed 14 distinct begomovirus species, including five which were not previously reported in this country. Putative novel strains of Corchorus yellow vein virus (CoYVV) and Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) showing less than 90% identity with the previously available taxa were also identified. The greatest number of begomoviruses per single site was detected in Sindh province, where up to five different begomovirus species were identified from the same cropping field. Moreover, Cotton leaf curl Multan virus - Rajasthan (CLCuMuV-Ra) was found prevalent in all the cotton growing areas. The data reported here may be useful in the development of control measures against begomoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; Govt. of Punjab, Agriculture Department, Lahore, Pakistan; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenzhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yunyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinlun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhenguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zujian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Ali H, Muhammad A, Islam SU, Islam W, Hou Y. A novel bacterial symbiont association in the hispid beetle, Octodonta nipae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), their dynamics and phylogeny. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:378-386. [PMID: 29596879 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The hispid leaf beetle, Octodonta nipae (Maulik), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a devastating pest of palm cultivation worldwide. Endosymbiotic bacteria in the genus Wolbachia are arguably one of the most abundant bacterial group associated with arthropods. Owing to its critical effects on host reproduction, Wolbachia has garnered much attention as a prospective future tool for insect pest management. However, their association, infection dynamics, and functionality remain unknown in this insect pest. Here, we diagnosis for the first time, the infection prevalence, and occurrence of Wolbachia in O. nipae. Experimental evidence by the exploration of wsp gene vindicate that O. nipae is naturally infected with bacterial symbiont of genus Wolbachia, showing a complete maternal inheritance with shared a common Wolbachia strain (wNip). Moreover, MLST (gatB, fbpA, coxA, ftsZ, and hcpA) analysis enabled the detections of new sequence type (ST-484), suggesting a particular genotypic association of O. nipae and Wolbachia. Subsequently, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay demonstrated variable infection density across different life stages (eggs, larvae, pupae and adult male and female), body parts (head, thorax, abdomen), and tissues (ovaries, testes, and guts). Infection density was higher in egg and female adult stage, as well as abdomen and reproductive tissues as compared to other samples. Interestingly, Wolbachia harbored dominantly in a female than the male adult, while, no significant differences were observed between male and female body parts and tissues. Phylogeny of Wolbachia infection associated with O. nipae rectified from all tested life stages were unique and fall within the same monophyletic supergroup-A of Wolbachia clades. The infection density of symbiont is among the valuable tool to understand their biological influence on hosts, and this latest discovery would facilitate the future investigations to understand the host-symbiont complications and its prospective role as a microbiological agent to reduce pest populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Abrar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Waqar Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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Ali B, Sher A, Javaid N, Islam SU, Aurangzeb K, Haider SI. Retransmission Avoidance for Reliable Data Delivery in Underwater WSNs. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18010149. [PMID: 29316664 PMCID: PMC5795748 DOI: 10.3390/s18010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The energy-efficient and reliable delivery of data packets in resource constraint underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is one of the key considerations to enhance the network lifetime. The traditional re-transmissions approach consumes the node battery and increases the communication overhead, which results in congestion and affects the reliable data packet delivery in the network. To ensure the reliability and conserve the node battery, in this paper, we propose adaptive forwarding layer multipath power control routing protocol to reduce the energy dissipation, achieve the data reliability and avoid the energy hole problem. In order to achieve the reliability, tree based topology is exploited to direct multiple copies of the data packet towards the surface through cross nodes in the network. The energy dissipation is reduced by a substantial amount with the selection of low noise path between the source and the destination including the information of neighbors of the potential forwarder node. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed work outperforms the compared existing scheme in terms of energy efficiency and packet received ratio (PRR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Ali
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Arshad Sher
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Nadeem Javaid
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Khursheed Aurangzeb
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Irtaza Haider
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
Worldwide, economically important crops are under continuous threat from plant viruses as they reproduce within the host and spread via various biological and non biological means. The problem can be minimized via application of integrated management approaches involving utilization of resistant genotypes and reducing the insect vector population. But such strategies are rarely applied in developing countries and farmers prefer to use chemicals against all type of diseases. But increasing use of pesticides is a leading cause of disaster to our ecosystem so alternative means such as phyto-metabolites should be explored for eco friendly management of plant viruses. So here we have reviewed about different phyto-metabolites that can be effectively and potentially used against various plant virus diseases. We further explained about the various primary and secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, polysaccharides and proteins. The review highlights the recent advances in the field of phyto-metabolites utilization against plant viruses and sums up via hoping through prospects that future drugs will be safer for human beings and our ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Islam
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for Plant Viruses, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Mubasher Hussain
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for Plant Viruses, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Lin W, Qiu P, Jin J, Liu S, Ul Islam S, Yang J, Zhang J, Kormelink R, Du Z, Wu Z. The Cap Snatching of Segmented Negative Sense RNA Viruses as a Tool to Map the Transcription Start Sites of Heterologous Co-infecting Viruses. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2519. [PMID: 29312219 PMCID: PMC5735111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the transcription start sites (TSSs) of a virus is of great importance to understand and dissect the mechanism of viral genome transcription but this often requires costly and laborious experiments. Many segmented negative-sense RNA viruses (sNSVs) cleave capped leader sequences from a large variety of mRNAs and use these cleaved leaders as primers for transcription in a conserved process called cap snatching. The recent developments in high-throughput sequencing have made it possible to determine most, if not all, of the capped RNAs snatched by a sNSV. Here, we show that rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV), a plant-infecting sNSV, co-infects Nicotiana benthamiana with two different begomoviruses and snatches capped leader sequences from their mRNAs. By determining the 5′ termini of a single RSV mRNA with high-throughput sequencing, the 5′ ends of almost all the mRNAs of the co-infecting begomoviruses could be identified and mapped on their genomes. The findings in this study provide support for the using of the cap snatching of sNSVs as a tool to map viral TSSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Lin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shunmin Liu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Zhenguo Du
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zujian Wu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, China
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Ul Islam S, Glover AW, Waseem M. Challenges and Solutions in Management of Distal Humerus Fractures. Open Orthop J 2017; 11:1292-1307. [PMID: 29290867 PMCID: PMC5721336 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001711011292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Management of distal humerus fractures remains a challenge for trauma surgeons and advancements in treatment options continue to be made to achieve the best results for patients presenting with these complex fractures. Our aim in this article is to provide the surgeons with a detailed review of current literature to help them make an evidence based decision when faced with managing such complex injuries in their surgical practice. Methods This is a comprehensive review of the current literature that details various aspects of distal distal humerus fractures such as classification, surgical anatomy, surgical approaches, treatment options, choices of devices, outcomes and complications. Results With the advancements in techniques and equipment, there has been improvement in patients' outcomes following surgical management of these fractures and a large proportion of these patients are able to achieve pre-injury level of function. The contoured locking plates have enabled successful fixation of many of these fractures that were previously considered unfixable. For those not amenable to surgical fixation, total elbow arthroplasty and elbow hemiarthroplasty are considered as good alternatives. Conclusion Since the days where the 'bag of bones' technique was the preferred method of treating these complex injuries, techniques and outcomes have advanced greatly. However, they still present a significant technical challenge and need meticulous technique and experience to achieve optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ul Islam
- Macclesfield District General Hospital, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mohammad Waseem
- Macclesfield District General Hospital, Cheshire, United Kingdom
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Islam SU, Choudhry MN, Akbar S, Waseem M. Outcome of Scapulothoracic Arthroscopy for Painful Snapping Scapula. Open Orthop J 2017; 11:785-793. [PMID: 28979591 PMCID: PMC5620412 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001711010785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with scapulothoracic syndrome present with pain in the scapulothoracic area aggravated by overhead and repetitive shoulder movements. The aim of our study was to assess the outcome of scapulothoracic arthroscopic treatment in patients with painful snapping scapula in our institution. Methods: Fourteen patients underwent scapulothoracic arthroscopic treatment for painful snapping scapula. Pre-operatively, all these patients had a trial of conservative treatment modalities for at least 6 months. Two portals along the medial border of scapula were used for arthroscopy and instrumentation. In three cases a superior portal was also used. The arm was placed in the “chicken wing” position so that the scapula lifted up from the chest wall. Outcome was assessed using pre and postoperative pain visual analogue score and Oxford Shoulder Score. Results: Of the fourteen patients included in our study, ten were female and four were male patients. Mean age at the time of surgery was 27.6 years. Mean follow up was 35.7 months. Pain visual analogue score improved significantly from a mean of 8.8 preoperatively to 2.5 postoperatively (P value 0.00002). There was also a significant improvement in Oxford Shoulder Score from a mean of 10.8 to 40.9 (P= 0.00001). Mean crepitus score significantly decreased from 2.6 to 0.21 (p < 0.00001). Crepitus completely resolved in eleven patients. In three there was residual palpable crepitus but they had good pain relief. Conclusion: Arthroscopic scapulothoracic treatment provides significant pain relief and functional improvement for painful snapping scapula symptoms not responding to non-surgical treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ul Islam
- Macclesfield District General Hospital, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sobia Akbar
- Macclesfield District General Hospital, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Waseem
- Macclesfield District General Hospital, Cheshire, United Kingdom
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An H, Tan G, Xiong G, Li M, Fang S, Islam SU, Zhang S, Li F. A new putative deltapartitivirus recovered from Dianthus amurensis. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2897-2901. [PMID: 28547384 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two double stranded RNAs (dsRNA), likely representing the genome of a novel deltapartitivirus, provisionally named carnation cryptic virus 3 (CCV3), were recovered from Dianthus amurensis. The two dsRNAs were 1,573 (dsRNA1) and 1,561 (dsRNA2) bp in size, each containing a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 475- and 411-aa protein, respectively. The 475-aa protein contains a conserved RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain which shows significant homology to RdRps of established or putative partitiviruses, particularly those belonging to the genus Deltapartitivirus. However, it shares an amino acid identity of 75% with its closest relative, the RdRp of the deltapartitivirus beet cryptic virus 2 (BCV2), and is <62% identical to the RdRps of other partitiviruses. In a phylogenetic tree constructed with RdRps of selected partitiviruses, CCV3 clustered with BCV2 and formed a well-supported monophyletic clade with known or putative deltapartitiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliu An
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Guanlin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Modern Education Technology Center, Office of Teaching Affairs, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Guihong Xiong
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Meirong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shouguo Fang
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Fan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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29
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Abstract
Biological processes such as defense mechanisms and microbial offense strategies are regulated through RNA induced interference in eukaryotes. Genetic mutations are modulated through biogenesis of small RNAs which directly impacts upon host development. Plant defense mechanisms are regulated and supported by a diversified group of small RNAs which are involved in streamlining several RNA interference pathways leading toward the initiation of pathogen gene silencing mechanisms. In the similar context, pathogens also utilize the support of small RNAs to launch their offensive attacks. Also there are strong evidences about the active involvement of these RNAs in symbiotic associations. Interestingly, small RNAs are not limited to the individuals in whom they are produced; they also show cross kingdom influences through variable interactions with other species thus leading toward the inter-organismic gene silencing. The phenomenon is understandable in the microbes which utilize these mechanisms to overcome host defense line. Understanding the mechanism of triggering host defense strategies can be a valuable step toward the generation of disease resistant host plants. We think that the cross kingdom trafficking of small RNA is an interesting insight that is needed to be explored for its vitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Islam
- a College of Plant Protection , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- a College of Plant Protection , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- a College of Plant Protection , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Liande Wang
- a College of Plant Protection , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
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30
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Xiong G, Qiu P, Li C, Chen Z, Islam SU, Fang S, Wu Z, Zhang S, Du Z. A new putative alphapartitivirus recovered from the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe palczewskii. Virus Genes 2017; 53:491-494. [PMID: 28243842 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) likely representing the genome of a novel alphapartitivirus which we provisionally named Erysiphe palczewskii alphapartitivirus 1 (EpV1) were recovered from the powdery mildew fungus E. palczewskii infecting Sophora japonica in Jingzhou, Hubei province of China. The two dsRNAs, 1955 (dsRNA1) and 1917 (dsRNA2) bp in size, respectively, each contains a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 585- and 528-aa protein, respectively. The 585-aa protein contains a conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain and shows significant homology to RdRps of approved or putative partitiviruses, particularly those belonging to the genus Alphapartitivirus. However, it shares an aa sequence identity lower than 80% with its closest relative, the RdRp of the putative alphapartitivirus Grapevine partitivirus, and lower than 60% with the RdRps of other partitiviruses. In a phylogenetic tree constructed with RdRp aa sequences of selected partitiviruses, the putative virus EpV1 clustered with Grapevine partitivirus and formed a well-supported monophyletic clade with known or putative alphapartitiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Cong Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shouguo Fang
- Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zujian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhenguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crop, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Li R, Islam SU, Wu Z, Ye X. Bensulfuron-Methyl Treatment of Soil Affects the Infestation of Whitefly, Aphid, and Tobacco Mosaic Virus on Nicotiana tabacum. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1970. [PMID: 28083007 PMCID: PMC5183605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) is widely used in paddy soil for weed control. BSM residue in the soil has been known to inhibit the growth of sensitive crop plants. However, it is unknown whether BSM residue can affect the agrosystem in general. In this study, we have found significant effects of BSM on the infestation of Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Nicotiana tabacum. The soil was treated with BSM before the pest inoculation. The herbicide-treated tobaccos showed resistance to B. tabaci, but this resistance could not be detected until 15-day post-infestation when smaller number of adults B. tabaci appeared. In M. persicae assay, the longevity of all development stages of insects, and the fecundity of insects were not significantly affected when feeding on BSM-treated plants. In TMV assay, the BSM treatment also reduced virus-induced lesions in early infection time. However, the titer of TMV in BSM treated plants increased greatly over time and was over 40-fold higher than the mock-infected control plants after 20 days. Further studies showed that BSM treatment increased both jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels in tobacco, as well as the expression of target genes in the JA and SA signaling pathways, such as NtWIPK, NtPR1a, and NtPAL. NtPR1a and NtPAL were initially suppressed after virus-inoculation, while NtRDR1 and NtRDR6, which play a key role in fighting virus infection, only showed up- or were down-regulated 20 days post virus-inoculation. Taken together, our results suggested that BSM residue in the soil may affect the metabolism of important phytohormones such as JA and SA in sensitive plants and consequently affect the plant immune response against infections such as whitefly, aphids, and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Saif Ul Islam
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Zujian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Key laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
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Abstract
Probiotics are live nonpathogenic microorganisms. Many of these microorganisms are part of the normal human gut flora, where they live in a symbiotic relationship. Probiotics have been used to treat gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI medical conditions. However, the data supporting their use are often conflicting, especially for non-GI-associated illnesses. The strongest evidence supporting the use of probiotics is related to the treatment of acute diarrhea and pouchitis. Atopic eczema in children and genitourinary infections are the only non-GI-related medical conditions where probiotics may have some beneficial effects. Product selection and dosing are not the same in all conditions, and the beneficial effects of each probiotic strain cannot be generalized.The purpose of this article is to provide most recent information about probiotics and its uses. In contrast with previously published reviews on probiotics, we also discuss the composition of various products (Table 1), indications for their use (Table 2), product selection, and dosing of probiotics.Probiotics are safe and appear to exert some beneficial effects in GI-related illnesses. The use of probiotics in non-GI illnesses is not sufficiently supported by current data.
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Islam SU, Henry A, Khan T, Davis N, Zenios M. The outcome of paediatric LCP hip plate use in children with and without neuromuscular disease. Musculoskelet Surg 2013; 98:233-9. [PMID: 24297691 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-013-0308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relatively new paediatric LCP hip plate (Synthes GmBH Eimattstrasse 3 CH-4436 Oberdorff) is used in children, both with and without neuromuscular disease, for fixation of proximal femoral osteotomy for a variety of indications. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the notes and radiographs of all those children who have had paediatric LCP device for the fixation of proximal femoral osteotomy and proximal femur fractures in our institution (Royal Manchester Children's Hospital), between October 2007 and July 2010, for their clinical progress, mobilization status, radiological healing and any complications. RESULTS Forty-three paediatric LCP hip plates were used in 40 patients (27 males and 13 females) for the fixation of 40 proximal femoral osteotomies and three proximal femur fractures. This included 13 children with underlying neuromuscular pathology and 27 children without neuromuscular disease. All osteotomies and fractures radiologically healed within 6 months [majority (n = 40) within 3 months]. There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.45) in the neck shaft angle between the immediately post-operative and final X-rays after completion of bone healing. There were no implant-related complications both in patients with and without neuromuscular disease. No metalwork loosening was observed and no plate revisions were required. Three post-operative fractures occurred in patients with neuromuscular pathology treated with post-operative plaster immobilisation. CONCLUSION The paediatric LCP hip plate provides a stable and reliable fixation of the proximal femoral osteotomy performed for a variety of paediatric orthopaedic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Islam
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Dandachli W, Ul Islam S, Tippett R, Hall-Craggs MA, Witt JD. Analysis of acetabular version in the native hip: comparison between 2D axial CT and 3D CT measurements. Skeletal Radiol 2011; 40:877-83. [PMID: 21181403 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-010-1065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare two-dimensional (2D) axial with three-dimensional (3D) computerized tomography (CT) measurements of acetabular version in native hips. MATERIALS AND METHODS CT scans of 34 hips in 17 consecutive patients being investigated for femoroacetabular impingement were analyzed. Acetabular version was measured using 2D CT at two different axial levels, one cranial (slice 2) and the other at the equator (slice 3). The measurements were repeated after correction for pelvic tilt. The results were compared to the measurements of anatomical version obtained using a 3D CT method that automatically corrects for pelvic tilt. RESULTS The mean acetabular version using the 3D CT method was 15.7° (SD 6.9°). The mean version using slice 2 was 9.3° (SD 6.5°) before correction for pelvic tilt and 15.7° (SD 8.0°) after the correction. The mean version using slice 3 was 16.4° (SD 4.2°) before tilt correction and 19.0° (SD 5.0°) after the correction. In relation to the 3D method, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.58 for the uncorrected and 0.93 for the corrected slice 2 method. For the uncorrected and corrected slice 3 methods, the ICC was 0.64 and 0.89, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 2D axial methods produced variable results. The results that correlated best with the 3D method were those of the cranial slice (slice 2) after correction for pelvic tilt. Interpretation of 2D axial CT measurements of acetabular version should be done with caution. The level at which the measurement is done and the presence of pelvic tilt appear to be significant factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Dandachli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Imperial College London Hospitals, 7th Floor, East Wing, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK.
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