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Ishtiaq S, Rehman S, Kamran SH, Akhtar ZM, Albaik M, Elhady SS. Metabolic profiling of Verbena bonariensis L. extract by LC/MS and evaluation of the hepatoprotective potential with isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400055. [PMID: 38607964 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The study explored the hepatoprotective activity and metabolic profile of Verbena bonariensis L. methanol extract (VBM) and fractions using isoniazid as well as rifampicin-triggered liver toxicity in Wistar albino rats. Metabolite profiling of VBM using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS identified 12 compounds, mainly iridoids, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids, where verbascoside represents the major compound. Different biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and total protein levels were used to assess liver functions. All the evaluated samples exhibited hepatoprotective potential, but VBM exhibited maximum activity and a notable decline in ALP (p < 0.05, significant), even better than the standard drug (silymarin). VBM significantly reduced the elevated ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubin. It also triggered a significant elevation in total proteins compared with diseased animals. This was further consolidated by histopathological studies. Verbena bonariensis L. could serve as a potent hepatoprotective agent and may alleviate liver ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Emory College of Arts and Science, Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Saira Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Mehmood Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mai Albaik
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh S Elhady
- King Abdulaziz University Herbarium, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Rehman S, Ishtiaq S, Khalil-Ur-Rehman M, Kamran SH. Ameliorative effects of Atriplex crassifolia (C.A.Mey) on pain and inflammation through modulation of inflammatory biomarkers and GC-MS-based metabolite profiling. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1187-1201. [PMID: 38367124 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Atriplex crassifolia (A. crassifolia) is a locally occurring member of Chenopodiaceae family that has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of joint pain and inflammation. The present study was focused to determine the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant. n-hexane (ACNH) and methanol (ACM) extracts of A. crassifolia were evaluated for in vitro anti-inflammatory potential using protein denaturation inhibition assay. In vivo anti-inflammatory potential was determined by oral administration of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day of extracts against carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema models. Inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β, NF-kB, IL-4, and IL-6 were estimated in blood samples of animals subjected to formalin model of inflammation. Analgesic activity was determined using acetic acid-induced writhing and tail flick assay model. Phytochemical profiling was done by GC-mass spectrophotometer. The results of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity revealed that both ACNH and ACM displayed eminent inhibition of protein denaturation in concentration-dependent manner. In acute in vivo carrageenan-induced paw edema model, both extracts reduced inflammation at 5th and 6th hour of study (p < 0.05). A. crassifolia extracts exhibited significant inhibition against formalin-induced inflammation with maximum effect at 1000 mg/kg. ACNH and ACM significantly augmented the inflammatory mediators (p < 0.05). Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-kB were reduced, while those of IL-4 and IL-10 were upregulated. ACNH displayed maximum analgesic effect at 1000 mg/kg, while ACM showed potent activity at 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The extracts restored the CBC, TLC and CRP toward normal. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of compounds like n-hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, (9E,11E)-octadecadienoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, 1-hexacosene, vitamin E, campesterol, stigmasterol, gamma sitosterol in both extracts. These compounds have been reported to suppress inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines. The current study concludes that A. crassifolia possesses significant anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential owing to the presence of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rehman
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Kamran SH, Ahmad M, Ishtiaq S, Ajaib M, Razashah SH, Shahwar DE. Metabolite profiling and biochemical investigation of the antidiabetic potential of Loranthus pulverulentus Wall n-butanol fraction in diabetic animal models. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:116963. [PMID: 37495027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Globally, 537 million individuals are estimated to have diabetes. The traditional use of herbs for ameliorating diabetes symptoms is a common practice in Pakistan and use of Loranthus pulverulentus Wall (L. pulverulentus) by local people in Azad Jammu and Kashmir has been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, the antidiabetic potential of standardized n-butanol fraction of leaves of L. pulverulentus Wall, which is a parasite of Dalbergia sisso Roxb was assessed in both alloxan (ALX) and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical characterization of BF was performed using HPLC, GCMS and UHPLC-MS. The effect of the fraction (250 mg/kg) on insulin, plasma free fatty acids, L-lactate, pyruvate, MDA, HbA1c and glycogen levels in ALX and STZ animal models was determined. Liver and renal profiles were analyzed in the STZ model. Toxicological studies were performed by hemolytic, Ames mutagenicity, DNA protection, and thrombolytic assays. Histopathological analysis of the pancreas, liver, and kidney was performed. RESULTS BF demonstrated highly significant (p < 0.001) antidiabetic potential in both diabetic models. BF significantly (p < 0.05) improved OGTT results in alloxanized diabetic mice and blocked the absorption of glucose from the gut. A significant (p < 0.001) increase in insulin levels and glycogen content in liver tissue and a decrease in plasma FFA, MDA, HbA1c, L-lactate, and pyruvate levels in STZ-diabetic mice were recorded. GC-MS and chromatographic analysis showed the presence of catechin, eugenol, longifolene, caryophyllene, Ar-tumerone and Geranyl-alpha-terpinene. Various metabolites with antidiabetic potential, including 4-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol 4-D-glucoside, zingerone glucoside, trans-trismethoxy resveratrol-d4, epigallocatechin 3-O-cinnamate, and β-glucogallin, were identified using UHPLC-MS. Animals treated with BF showed marked improvements in cellular structures of the pancreas, liver and kidneys. This fraction is non-mutagenic and protects the DNA. CONCLUSION The experimental fraction contained potential antidiabetic bioactive compounds responsible for alleviating diabetes-associated biochemical dysregulation. The fraction increased insulin levels and enhanced glycogen storage in muscles and the liver. It blocked glucose absorption from the intestine and substantially decreased HbA1c, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, lipid, liver and kidney damage. Therefore, the use of BF for the treatment of type-2 diabetes may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Mobasher Ahmad
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ajaib
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, 10250, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
| | | | - Durr-E Shahwar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Saleem Z, Haseeb A, Abuhussain SSA, Moore CE, Kamran SH, Qamar MU, Azmat A, Pichierri G, Raees F, Asghar S, Saeed A, Amir A, Hashmi FK, Meyer JC, Sefah IA, Rehman IU, Nadeem MU, Godman B. Antibiotic Susceptibility Surveillance in the Punjab Province of Pakistan: Findings and Implications. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1215. [PMID: 37512028 PMCID: PMC10383515 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across countries has seriously impacted the effective management of infectious diseases, with subsequent impact on morbidity, mortality and costs. This includes Pakistan. Antimicrobial surveillance activities should be mandatory to continually assess the extent of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the implications for future empiric prescribing. The objective of this retrospective observational study was to monitor the susceptibility pattern of microbes in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Clinical samples from seven laboratories in Punjab, Pakistan were collected between January 2018 and April 2019, with Punjab being the most populous province in Pakistan. The isolates were identified and their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay and micro broth dilution methods. The antibiotics assessed were those typically prescribed in Pakistan. Results: In total, 2523 bacterial cultural reports were studied. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (866, 34.3%), followed by Escherichia coli (814, 32.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (454, 18.0%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (269, 10.7%). Most pathogens were isolated from pus (1464, 58.0%), followed by urine (718, 28.5%), blood (164, 6.5%) and sputum (81, 3.2%). Conclusions: The findings suggest that current antimicrobial options are severally restricted in Pakistan due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. This calls for urgent actions including initiating antimicrobial stewardship programs to enhance prudent prescribing of antibiotics. This includes agreeing on appropriate empiric therapy as part of agreed guidelines, in line with the WHO EML and AWaRe book, whilst awaiting culture reports. This is alongside other measures to reduce inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing and reverse the threat of rising AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikria Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Catrin E. Moore
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Azmat
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Pichierri
- Microbiology Department, Torbay and South Devon Foundation Trust, Lowes Bridge Torbay Hospital, Torquay TQ2 7AA, UK
| | - Fahad Raees
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzad Asghar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of South Asia, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Afreenish Amir
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
- National Institute of Health, Park Road, Islamabad 45501, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Khurshid Hashmi
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Israel Abebrese Sefah
- Pharmacy Practice Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Inaam Ur Rehman
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer Nadeem
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
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Asif A, Ishtiaq S, Kamran SH, Youssef FS, Lashkar MO, Ahmed SA, Ashour ML. UHPLC-QTOF-MS Metabolic Profiling of Marchantia polymorpha and Evaluation of Its Hepatoprotective Activity Using Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. ACS Omega 2023; 8:19037-19046. [PMID: 37273612 PMCID: PMC10233839 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marchantia species were traditionally used to treat liver failure. Marchantia polymorpha chloroform extract showed a marked hepatoprotective activity in a dose-dependent manner in paracetamol-induced extensive liver damage in mice. At a dose of 500 mg/kg (MP-500), it resulted in a reduction in aspartate transaminase by 49.44%, alanine transaminase by 44.11%, and alkaline phosphatase by 24.4% with significant elevation in total proteins by 58.69% with respect to the diseased group. It showed significant reductions in total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL, total lipids, and to high density lipoprotein ratio (CH/HDL) by 53.42, 30.14, 35.02, 45.79, 34.74, 41.45, and 49.52%, respectively, together with a 37.69% increase in HDL with respect to the diseased group. It also showed an elevation of superoxide dismutase by 28.09% and in glutathione peroxidase by 81.83% in addition to the reduction of lipid peroxidation by 17.95% as compared to the paracetamol only treated group. This was further supported by histopathological examination that showed normal liver architecture and a normal sinusoidal gap. Metabolic profiling by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) led to the tentative identification of 28 compounds belonging to phenols, quinolones, phenylpropanoid, acylaminosugars, terpenoids, lipids, and fatty acids to which the activity was attributed. Four compounds were detected in the negative ionization mode which are neoacrimarine J, marchantin A, chitobiose, and phellodensin F, while the rest were detected in the positive mode. Thus, it can be concluded that this plant could serve as a valuable choice for the treatment of hepatotoxicity that further consolidated its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Asif
- Punjab
University College of Pharmacy, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Punjab
University College of Pharmacy, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Manar O. Lashkar
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez
Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Pharmacy
Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
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Haseeb A, Saleem Z, Maqadmi AF, Allehyani RA, Mahrous AJ, Elrggal ME, Kamran SH, AlGethamy M, Naji AS, AlQarni A, Alhariqi KW, Khan MA, Ibrahim K, Raees F, Azmat A, Cook A, Campbell SM, Lorenzetti G, Meyer JC, Godman B, Moore CE. Ongoing Strategies to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization in Hospitals across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): Findings and Implications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:827. [PMID: 37237730 PMCID: PMC10215537 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global concern, increasing costs, morbidity, and mortality. National action plans (NAPs) to minimize AMR are one of several global and national initiatives to slow down rising AMR rates. NAPs are also helping key stakeholders understand current antimicrobial utilization patterns and resistance rates. The Middle East is no exception, with high AMR rates. Antibiotic point prevalence surveys (PPS) provide a better understanding of existing antimicrobial consumption trends in hospitals and assist with the subsequent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). These are important NAP activities. We examined current hospital consumption trends across the Middle East along with documented ASPs. A narrative assessment of 24 PPS studies in the region found that, on average, more than 50% of in-patients received antibiotics, with Jordan having the highest rate of 98.1%. Published studies ranged in size from a single to 18 hospitals. The most prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone, metronidazole, and penicillin. In addition, significant postoperative antibiotic prescribing lasting up to five days or longer was common to avoid surgical site infections. These findings have resulted in a variety of suggested short-, medium-, and long-term actions among key stakeholders, including governments and healthcare workers, to improve and sustain future antibiotic prescribing in order to decrease AMR throughout the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.F.M.); (R.A.A.); (A.J.M.); (M.E.E.)
| | - Zikria Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Aseel Fayk Maqadmi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.F.M.); (R.A.A.); (A.J.M.); (M.E.E.)
| | - Roaa Abdulrahman Allehyani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.F.M.); (R.A.A.); (A.J.M.); (M.E.E.)
- Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J. Mahrous
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.F.M.); (R.A.A.); (A.J.M.); (M.E.E.)
| | - Mahmoud E. Elrggal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.); (A.F.M.); (R.A.A.); (A.J.M.); (M.E.E.)
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Manal AlGethamy
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control Program, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah 24241, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asem Saleh Naji
- Infectious Diseases Department, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah 24241, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.N.); (A.A.); (K.W.A.)
| | - Abdullmoin AlQarni
- Infectious Diseases Department, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah 24241, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.N.); (A.A.); (K.W.A.)
| | - Khalid W. Alhariqi
- Infectious Diseases Department, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah 24241, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.N.); (A.A.); (K.W.A.)
| | | | - Kiran Ibrahim
- Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, DHQ Hospital Khushab, Khushab 41200, Pakistan;
| | - Fahad Raees
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aisha Azmat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aislinn Cook
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (A.C.); (G.L.); (C.E.M.)
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Stephen M. Campbell
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Giulia Lorenzetti
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (A.C.); (G.L.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi Street, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Brian Godman
- School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Catrin E. Moore
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK; (A.C.); (G.L.); (C.E.M.)
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Asif A, Ishtiaq S, Kamran SH, Waseem R, Fatima SF, Rehman S. UHPLC-MS and GC-MS phytochemical profiling, amelioration of pain and inflammation with chloroform extract of Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. via modulation of inflammatory biomarkers. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01207-y. [PMID: 37010719 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
People of Pakistan have undisturbed customs for the employment of medicinal plants for healthcare requisites. Chloroform extract of F. hygrometrica (CE FH) was examined for its ability to reduce inflammation and to produce analgesia. Carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema model for inflammatory activity, hot-plate and tail-flick methods to assess analgesic activity were executed. Phytochemical analysis was done by UHPLC-MS and GC-mass spectrometer. The results demonstrated that in carrageenan-induced paw edema, maximum reduction in inflammation was observed at 5th hour at the dose 100 mg/kg; while at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg, maximum response was observed at 5th and 6th hours. Analgesic activity results indicated that maximum analgesia was observed up to 120 min at 100 mg/kg, while up to 90 min in case of 250 and 500 mg/kg doses. The formalin-induced rat paw edema showed significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity after 5 days treatment. After, testing period of 10 days, the biochemical parameters such as CBC, CRP, serum enzymes like CAT, SOD, GSH and inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 were estimated. The administration of formalin resulted in an increase in the level of leucocytes, total WBC, CRP, serum enzymes and in the diameters of paw thickness, while pre-treatment with CE FH at dose levels of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg exhibited a diminution in the levels of SOD, GSH, CAT, total RBC and HB. Acute inflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL -6 and IL-4 were reduced, and IL-10 was upregulated in the treated group as compared to the control. Many phytoconstituents, i.e., chitobiose, chlorovulone III, γ-tocotrienol, emmotin, cassine, hexacosanedioic acid, neophytadiene, fumaric acid, neophytadiene, hexadecanoic acid, phytol and stigmasterol were detected during UHPLC-MS and GC-MS analysis seems to be responsible for the said activity in correlation with the already reported data about these compounds. The results concluded that CE FH possess noteworthy anti-inflammatory and central analgesic action at different doses (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Asif
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raazia Waseem
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Farheen Fatima
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Rehman
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ullah N, Amin A, Farid A, Selim S, Rashid SA, Aziz MI, Kamran SH, Khan MA, Rahim Khan N, Mashal S, Mohtasheemul Hasan M. Development and Evaluation of Essential Oil-Based Nanoemulgel Formulation for the Treatment of Oral Bacterial Infections. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030252. [PMID: 36975701 PMCID: PMC10048686 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of oral infections in diabetic patients is a health challenge due to persistent hyperglycemia. However, despite great concerns, limited treatment options are available. We therefore aimed to develop nanoemulsion gel (NEG) for oral bacterial infections based on essential oils. Clove and cinnamon essential oils based nanoemulgel were prepared and characterized. Various physicochemical parameters of optimized formulation including viscosity (65311 mPa·S), spreadability (36 g·cm/s), and mucoadhesive strength 42.87 N/cm2) were within prescribed limits. The drug contents of the NEG were 94.38 ± 1.12% (cinnamaldehyde) and 92.96 ± 2.08% (clove oil). A significant concentration of clove (73.9%) and cinnamon essential oil (71.2 %) was released from a polymer matrix of the NEG till 24 h. The ex vivo goat buccal mucosa permeation profile revealed a significant (52.7-54.2%) permeation of major constituents which occurred after 24 h. When subjected to antimicrobial testing, significant inhibition was observed for several clinical strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus (19 mm), Staphylococcus epidermidis (19 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 mm), as well as against Bacillus chungangensis (2 mm), whereas no inhibition was detected for Bacillus paramycoides and Paenibacillus dendritiformis when NEG was utilized. Likewise promising antifungal (Candida albicans) and antiquorum sensing activities were observed. It was therefore concluded that cinnamon and clove oil-based NEG formulation presented significant antibacterial-, antifungal, and antiquorum sensing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamat Ullah
- Natural Products Research Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Amin
- Natural Products Research Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (GCBB), Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Nano Carriers Research Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Aziz
- Natural Products Research Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Allied Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 05422, Pakistan
| | - Muzammil Ahmad Khan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (GCBB), Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Rahim Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, KUST, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Mashal
- Natural Products Research Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (GCBB), Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Ullah MI, Anwar R, Zia M, Gul B, Kamran S, Kamran SH. Assessment of in vivo antiepileptic potential and phytochemical analysis of Cassia absus seed extracts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14660. [PMID: 37064443 PMCID: PMC10102194 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cassia absus, a member of Fabaceae family, has been a part of traditional medicine for various ailments such as Hypertension, Diabetes, and Cancer. This family of plants has been utilized for Anticonvulsant and Anxiolytic effects. The ongoing investigation is aimed to seek the antiepileptic potential of C. absus seed extracts in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling mice. The seeds of C. absus were subjected to a sequential extraction process for the preparation of n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts. The PTZ-induced kindling model was employed to assess the antiepileptic activity of each extract. Seizure activity and antioxidant biomarkers in the brain tissue such as levels of CAT, SOD, tGSH, and MDA were assessed. Mechanism of action was elucidated by Flumazenil. Through GC-MS analysis, the phytochemical components in the chloroform extract of C. absus were evaluated. The outcomes showed that C. absus extracts markedly reduced the seizure activity in kindling mice. The extracts exhibited significant Antioxidant properties by enhancing the levels of antioxidant biomarkers in the brain tissue such as CAT, SOD, and tGSH, and decreasing the MDA level. The results demonstrated that C. absus extracts showed antiepileptic effects may be via GABA pathway. According to the results of this investigation, C. absus has significant antiepileptic potential in PTZ-induced kindling mice via GABA pathway modulation and combating reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ihsan Ullah
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rukhsana Anwar
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mahnoor Zia
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bazgha Gul
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Kamran
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Haseeb A, Saleem Z, Altaf U, Batool N, Godman B, Ahsan U, Ashiq M, Razzaq M, Hanif R, E-Huma Z, Amir A, Hossain MA, Raafat M, Radwan RM, Iqbal MS, Kamran SH. Impact of Positive Culture Reports of E. coli or MSSA on De-Escalation of Antibiotic Use in a Teaching Hospital in Pakistan and the Implications. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:77-86. [PMID: 36636371 PMCID: PMC9831081 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s391295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic de-escalation is a key element of antimicrobial stewardship programs that restrict the spread and emergence of resistance. This study was performed to evaluate the impact of positive culture sensitivity reports of E. coli or Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) on de-escalation of antibiotic therapy. Methods This prospective observational study was performed on 256 infected patients. The samples were obtained principally from the pus of infected sites for the identification of pathogens and culture-sensitivity testing. The data were collected from patient medical files, which included their demographic data, sample type, causative microbe and antimicrobial treatment as empiric or definitive treatment based on cultures. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results Of 256 isolated microbes, 138 (53.9%) were MSSA and 118 were E. coli (46.1%). MSSA showed 100% sensitivity to cefoxitin, oxacillin, vancomycin, fosfomycin, colistin and more than 90% to linezolid (95.3%), tigecycline (93.1%), chloramphenicol (92.2%) and amikacin (90.2%). E. coli showed 100% sensitivity to only fosfomycin and more than 90% to colistin (96.7%), polymyxin-B (95.1%) and tigecycline (92.9%). The high use of cefoperazone+sulbactam (151), amikacin (149), ceftriaxone (33), metronidazole (30) and piperacillin + tazobactam (22) was seen with empiric prescribing. Following susceptibility testing, the most common antibiotics prescribed for E. coli were meropenem IV (34), amikacin (34), ciprofloxacin (29) and cefoperazone+sulbactam (25). For MSSA cases, linezolid (48), clindamycin (30), cefoperazone+ sulbactam IV (16) and amikacin (15) was used commonly. Overall, there was 23% reduction in antibiotic use in case of E. coli and 43% reduction in MSSA cases. Conclusion Culture sensitivity reports helped in the de-escalation of antimicrobial therapy, reducing the prescribing of especially broad-spectrum antibiotics. Consequently, it is recommended that local hospital guidelines be developed based on local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns while preventing the unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for empiric treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zikria Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan,Correspondence: Zikria Saleem, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, Email
| | - Ummara Altaf
- Department of Pharmacy, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Narjis Batool
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Center of Health Systems and Safety Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK,School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa,Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Umar Ahsan
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Ministry of health, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehreen Ashiq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mutiba Razzaq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Hanif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zill E-Huma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afreenish Amir
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Akbar Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine in Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Raafat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rozan Mohammad Radwan
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
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Kamran SH, Mustafa ZU, Rao AZ, Hasan SS, Zahoor F, Sarwar MU, Khan S, Butt S, Rameez M, Asif Abbas M. SARS-CoV-2 infection pattern, transmission and treatment: Multi-center study in low to middle-income districts hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:1135-1142. [PMID: 34602443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pakistan has reported a substantial number of COVID-19 cases since 2020. A multicenter observational study was conducted to identify the pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection, transmission, and treatment in patients admitted to seven low to middle-income district hospitals in the Province of Punjab, Pakistan from March to June 2020. A total of 102 patients were recruited. 57 patients tested positive and 45 developed moderate-severe COVID-19 disease. About 67% of the patients in March-April and 93% in May-June have contracted the disease from the local transmission. The mean number of symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients was significantly higher than suspected patients (6.46 vs 5.04, p=0.003). The number of deaths was low (n=8) with 86% recovery rate. Mild COVID patients received acetaminophen (n=102), azithromycin (n=8), and hydroxychloroquine (n=4) in addition to standard medical care. The treatment provided to moderate-severe cases included acetaminophen (45/45), azithromycin (45/45), Ivermectin (14/45) and corticosteroids (13/45). The mean number of antimicrobials was significantly higher in moderate-severe patients than mild cases (1.80 vs 1.12, p=0.001). Low number of deaths with a high recovery rate was reported. Diabetes was the most common comorbid condition followed by hypertension. Many antimicrobials were prescribed in both mild and moderate-severe cases that require careful review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University
| | - Zia Ul Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacy, District Headquarter Hospital, Pakpattan, Pakistan
| | - Alina Zeeshan Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tehsil Headquarter Hospital, Wazirabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shahzad Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Farheen Zahoor
- Department of Pharmacy, Tehsil Headquarter Hospital, Arifwala, Pakistan
| | | | - Shehroze Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, District Headquarter Hospital, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Sannan Butt
- Department of Pharmacy, Tehsil Headquarter Hospital, Haveli Lakkah, Pakistan
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Abstract
Pulmonary toxicity by anticancer drugs often leads to discontinuation of therapy or switching the therapy to alternative drugs. In the present study, serratiopeptidase (SPTD) and fisetin (FST) were evaluated as chemoprotectant to counteract the pulmonary toxicity induced by BLM and MTX. Single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal and BLM (5 mg/kg) by intra-tracheal route was administered on 7th day of study. SPTD (20 mg/kg), FST (25 mg/kg), and NAC (250 mg/kg) and combinations of SPTD + NAC, SPTD + FST, and FST + NAC were administered through oral gavage for 14 days. SPTD and FST showed significant (p < 0.05) effect in MTX-induced lung toxicity by increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxyproline (HXP), and collagen. SPTD and NAC showed significant (p < 0.05) effect in BLM-induced pulmonary toxicity by increasing GSH and decreasing MDA, HXP, and collagen whereas FST was not much effective. In combination study, SPTD + NAC combination showed significant (p < 0.05) effect in BLM- and MTX- induced lung injury whereas other combinations did not prove to be highly effective. SPTD can be recommended along with BLM and MTX in chemotherapy protocol alone and in combination with NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Shaukat Khanum Cancer and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rukhsana Anwar
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Iftikhar U, Ahmed M, Saeed H, Saleem N, Bashir A, Farooq MS, Kamran SH, Saleem Z. Comparative safety and efficacy of conventional interferon versus pegylated-interferon based therapy for HCV: A retrospective cohort study from Gujranwala, Pakistan. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:2037-2045. [PMID: 33824111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies on risk factors, clinical presentation and treatment of hepatitis C are known to the world. However, no data is available about the safety and efficacy of anti-hepatitis C therapy among the patients of Gujranwala, Pakistan. This retrospective study compared two dosage forms of interferon; conventional interferon (IR) and Pegylated interferon (PIR) in 370 Hepatitis C patients selected through non probability convenient sampling technique. Clinical data were collected related to therapy outcomes at the start of therapy, after each follow up and at the end of therapy. The study indicated that HCV 3 was the most prevalent genotype of hepatitis C. Main side effects associated with therapies were pain at injection site (PIR; 49%, IR; 48%), inflammation at injection site (PIR; 34%, IR; 48%), fever (PIR; 56.12%, IR; 61.5%), myalgia (PIR; 24.5%,IR; 22.99%), malaise (PIR; 7.14%, IR; 5.75%), anorexia (PIR; 46%, IR; 39%), vomiting (PIR; 43%, IR; 41%), irritability (PIR; 4%, IR; 11.5%) and impaired concentration (PIR; 13%, IR; 21). The sustained viral response rate was significantly better in PIR group as compared to IR group (PIR; 80.61%, IR; 66.67%). In conclusion Pegylated interferon based therapy showed better clinical response with less adverse events as compared to conventional interferon based therapy. However, there is dire need to shift from these intravenous dosage forms to relatively new oral dosage forms for the treatment of hepatitis C to further improve clinical outcome and minimize the risks of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Iftikhar
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mobasher Ahmed
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Saeed
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nouman Saleem
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical & Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zikria Saleem
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan/ Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
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Ishtiaq S, Akram M, Kamran SH, Hanif U, Afridi MSK, Sajid-ur-Rehman, Afzal A, Asif A, Younus M, Akbar S. Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of a Pakistani polyherbal formulation. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:387. [PMID: 28778156 PMCID: PMC5545041 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Herbology is the prevailing system among the nationally-accepted alternative or complementary systems of medicine. The system is due to its general and patient-oriented methodology, is widely used in the general population exposing them to the risk of the side effects of the herbal medicines. Method The aim of study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the polyherbal formulation Hab-e-Kabad Noshadri tablets. In the acute arm of the study, a single dose of 2000 mg/kg was administered to Swiss Albino mice which were observed for physical symptoms and behavioral changes for 72 h. In sub-acute toxicity study repeated doses of the polyherbal preparation was administered to Wistar rats of both genders, separately. The animals received three doses of polyherbal product (50 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day) for a period of 28 days. On 28th day of experiment, blood sampling of animals was done for hematological and biochemical analysis i.e. liver and renal function parameters, lipid profile and then sacrificed for histopathological examination of liver and kidney. Result There was no morbidity and mortality noticed with single dose administration in acute toxicity study in mice. In sub-acute toxicity study, morphological changes with some damage in liver and kidney tissues of male and female animals were recorded at dose of 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day. Conclusions It was found that prolonged use at higher dose i.e. 200 mg/kg/day of this polyherbal formulation should be avoided and practitioners should cautiously prescribe this formulation in patients with hepatic and renal impairment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1889-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Rehman P, Ajaib M, Anjum M, Kamran SH, Ishtiaq S. WITHDRAWN: Phytochemical, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activity of Dicliptera bupleuroides : An ethnomedicinal non-toxic plant. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kamran SH, Ahmad M, Shahwar D, Ajaib M. Anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant status of <i>Loranthus pulverulentus</i> obtained from two different hosts. BANGL J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v11i1.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
<p class="Abstract">Leaves of<em> Loranthus pulverulentus</em> have been used ethnically in Pakistan for controlling blood glucose levels. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant potential of the methanolic extracted fractions of <em>L. pulverulentus</em> obtained from two different hosts’ viz. <em>Dalbergia sissoo</em> and <em>Populus nigra</em>. The acute study demonstrated that <em>L. pulverulentus</em> (<em>D. sissoo</em>) leaves possess significant blood glucose lowering effect whereas <em>L. pulverulentus</em> (<em>P. nigra</em>) was didn’t significantly decreased blood glucose levels. The n-butanol fraction of <em>L. pulverulentus</em> (<em>D. sissoo</em>) also significantly increased<em> in vivo</em> total anti-oxidant activity on eighth day after treatment and blood glucose levels were significantly reduced (%46.7) when compared to the control diabetic group (%↑198.1) and metformin treated group (%↓25.9). Leaves of <em>L. pulverulentus</em> (<em>D. sissoo</em>) have good margin of safety as therapeutic index is 3.5. This study provides scientific evidence that leaves of<em> L. pulverulentus</em> (<em>D. sissoo</em>) possess potential anti-diabetic activity whereas <em>L. pulverulentus</em> (<em>P. nigra</em>) was not found effective in diabetic illness.</p><p> </p>
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Saad Ur Rehman M, Hafeez Kamran S, Ahmad M, Akhtar U. Anti-diabetic activity of crude Pistacia lentiscus in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. BANGL J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v10i3.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of crude <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em> gum (mastic gum) in alloxan-treated diabetic rat model. The crude <em>P. lentiscus</em> (100 mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.001) reduction in blood glucose as compared to control. Liver function test also showed significant changes (p<0.001) as compared to alloxan-treated group. The results of this study showed that crude <em>P. lentiscus</em> gum have considerable efficacy in curing diabetes and have hepatoprotective effect. </p><p> </p>
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Ishtiaq S, Ahmad M, Hanif U, Akbar S, Mehjabeen, Kamran SH. Phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant evaluation of different fractions of Amaranthus graecizans subsp. silvestris (Vill.) Brenan. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7S1:S342-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Ahmad M, Kamran SH, Mobasher A. Protective effect of crude Curcuma longa and its methanolic extract in alloxanized rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci 2014; 27:121-128. [PMID: 24374440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma longa (C. longa) is commonly found in different areas of Pakistan. It has been locally utilized as a traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and total antioxidant effect of the crude drug and its methanolic extract in rabbits. Diabetes was induced with alloxan (180mg/kg). Two major groups were designed, curative and protective groups. In curative group the crude drug and its methanolic extract was orally administered to the diabetic animals and acute study was performed. On the other hand in protective group the crude drug and its methanolic extract were administered for eight days prior to the diabetes induction. Results indicated that in Curative group the crude and methanolic extract of C. longa significantly improved the levels of serum glucose, serum transaminases and antioxidant activity (AOA). In protective group, serum glucose, serum transaminases were not significantly increased by alloxan, in both crude as well as methanolic extract group. This study shows that C. longa acts as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant in diabetes especially type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobasher Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab (Old Campus), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab (Old Campus), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afroze Mobasher
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab (Old Campus), Lahore, Pakistan
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